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	{{Infobox settlement		{{Infobox settlement
			\|official_name = Nam Định City
	<!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available-->
			\|other_name = Thành Nam
	<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
			\|native_name = Thành phố Nam Định
	<!-- Basic info ---------------->
	\|~~name~~ ~~= Nam Dinh~~		\|nickname = "The Textile City"<br><small>(Thành-phố dệt)</small>
			\|settlement_type = ]
	\|official_name =
	\|~~other_name~~ =		\|total_type =
			\|coordinates = {{coord\|20\|25\|12\|N\|106\|10\|06\|E\|region:VN\|display=inline,title}}
	\|native_name = ''Thành phố Nam Định''
			\|motto = "To build a prosperous and powerful country"<br><small>(Đắp-xây non-nước phú-cường)</small>
	\|nickname =
	\|~~settlement_type~~ = ~~<!--~~ ~~e.g.~~ ~~Town,~~ ~~Village~~, City, ~~etc~~.~~-->~~		\|image_skyline = Son Nam Hotel & Khoai Dong Church, Nam Dinh City, Vietnam.jpg
			\|imagesize = 292px
	\|total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
	\|~~motto~~ =		\|image_caption = Landscape of Vị Xuyên Lake.
	<!-- images and maps ----------->
	\|image_skyline = Tran Hung Dao Statue in Nam Dinh City of Vietnam.JPG
	\|imagesize = 300px
	\|image_caption = Statue of Trần Hưng Đạo in Nam Định
	\|image_flag =
	\|flag_size =
	\|image_seal =
	\|seal_size =
	\|image_shield =		\|image_shield =
	\|shield_size =		\|shield_size =
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	\|blank_emblem_type =		\|blank_emblem_type =
	\|blank_emblem_size =		\|blank_emblem_size =
	\|image_map =		\|image_map = {{maplink\|frame=yes\|plain=yes\|type=shape\|frame-width=292\|frame-align=center\|stroke-width=3}}
	\|mapsize =		\|mapsize =
	\|map_caption =		\|map_caption =
	\|image_map1 =		\|image_map1 =
	\|mapsize1 =		\|mapsize1 =
	\|map_caption1 =		\|map_caption1 =
	\|~~image_dot_map~~ =		\|pushpin_map = Vietnam
			\|pushpin_label_position = top
	\|dot_mapsize =
			\|mapframe-coordinates = {{coord\|20\|25\|12\|N\|106\|10\|06\|E}}
	\|dot_map_caption =
			\|subdivision_type = ]
	\|dot_x = \|dot_y =
			\|subdivision_name = {{VNM}}
	\|pushpin_map = Vietnam <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/Template:Location_map -->
			\|subdivision_type1 = ]
	\|pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
			\|subdivision_name1 = ]
	\|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Vietnam
			\|subdivision_type2 = ]
	\|pushpin_mapsize =
			\|seat_type = Central agency
	<!-- Location ------------------>
			\|seat = No.10, Trần Đăng Ninh road, Bà Triệu ward, Nam Định city
	\|coordinates_display = inline,title
			\|government_footnotes =
	\|coordinates_region = VN
	\|~~subdivision_type~~ = ~~Country~~		\|government_type = ]
			\|leader_title = People Committee's Chairman
	\|subdivision_name = {{flag\|Vietnam}}
			\|leader_name = Nguyễn Tiến Dũng
	\|subdivision_type1 = ]
			\|leader_title1 = People Council's Chairman
	\|subdivision_name1 = ]
			\|leader_name1 = Nguyễn Anh Tuấn
	\|subdivision_type2 =
			\|leader_title2 = Front Committee's Chairman
	\|subdivision_name2 =
	\|~~seat_type~~ =		\|leader_name2 = Hoàng Quang Khoa
	\|~~seat~~ =		\|leader_title3 = Party Committee's Secretary
			\|leader_name3 = Nguyễn Anh Tuấn
	<!-- Politics ----------------->
			\|established_title = Establishment
	\|government_footnotes =
	\|~~government_type~~ =		\|established_date = October 17, 1921
	\|~~leader_title~~ = ~~Governor~~		\|area_magnitude =
	\|~~leader_name~~ = ~~Phạm Hồng Hà~~		\|unit_pref =
	\|~~leader_title1~~ = ~~Chairman~~		\|area_footnotes =
			\|area_total_km2 = 120,90
	\|leader_name1 = Nguyễn Văn Tuấn
	\|~~established_title~~ = ~~<!-- Settled -->~~		\|area_land_km2 =
	\|~~established_date~~ =		\|area_water_km2 =
			\|area_total_sq_mi =
	<!-- Area --------------------->
	\|~~area_magnitude~~ =		\|area_land_sq_mi =
			\|area_water_sq_mi =
	\|unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric-->
			\|area_water_percent =
	\|area_footnotes =
			\|elevation_footnotes =
	\|area_total_km2 =1676
			\|elevation_m =
	\|area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion-->
	\|~~area_water_km2~~ =		\|elevation_ft =
	\|~~area_water_percent~~ =		\|elevation_max_m =
			\|elevation_max_ft =
	<!-- Elevation -------------------------->
			\|elevation_min_m =
	\|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> tags-->
	\|~~elevation_m~~ =		\|elevation_min_ft =
	\|~~elevation_ft~~ =		\|population_as_of = 2022
	\|~~elevation_max_m~~ =		\|population_footnotes =
	\|~~elevation_max_ft~~ =		\|population_note =
	\|~~elevation_min_m~~ =		\|population_total = 364,181
			\|population_density_km2 = 3,012
	\|elevation_min_ft =
			\|population_density_sq_mi =
	<!-- Population ----------------------->
	\|~~population_as_of~~ =		\|population_metro =
			\|population_density_metro_km2 =
	\|population_footnotes =
			\|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
	\|population_note =
	\|~~population_total~~ =~~243,186~~		\|population_urban =
			\|population_density_urban_km2 =
	\|population_density_km2 =1170<!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto -->
			\|population_density_urban_mi2 =
	\|population_density_sq_mi =3031
			\|population_blank1_title = Ethnicities
	<!-- General information --------------->
			\|population_blank1 = ]<br>]<br>]<br>]
	\|timezone =
	\|~~utc_offset~~ =		\|timezone = Indochina Time
	\|~~timezone_DST~~ =		\|utc_offset = +7
	\|~~utc_offset_DST~~ =		\|latd =
	\|~~coor_type~~ = ~~<!--~~ ~~can~~ be ~~used~~ to ~~specify~~ ~~what~~ ~~the~~ ~~coordinates~~ ~~refer~~ to ~~-->~~		\|latm =
			\|lats =
	\|latd=20\|latm=25\|lats=12\|latNS=N\|longd=106\|longm=10\|longs=6\|longEW=E}}
			\|latNS =
			\|longd =
			\|longm =
			\|longs =
			\|longEW =
			\|postal_code_type = ZIP code
			\|postal_code = 420000
			\|area_code =
			\|blank_name = ]
			\|blank_info = ]
			\|website = {{URL\|https://thanhpho.namdinh.gov.vn\|Thanhpho.Namdinh.gov.vn}}
			\|footnotes =
			}}
			'''Nam Định''' ({{audio\|Nam Dinh.ogg\|listen\|help=no}}) is a capital-city of ] in the ] of the ].

			==History==
	'''Nam Định''' ({{audio\|Nam Dinh.ogg\|listen\|help=no}}) is a big city in the ] of northern ]. It is the capital of ]. The city of Nam Định is 90 km southeast of Vietnam's capital, ]. From August 18–20 of each year, there is a festival held in Nam Định called the ]. This celebration honors General ], a 13th-century national hero who led Vietnamese forces to victory over the invading ].
			From August 18–20 of each year, there is a festival held in Nam Định called the ]. This celebration honors General ], a 13th-century national hero who led Annamese forces to victory over the invading ].

	==~~Topography~~==		===Middle ages===
			Before the ], the land of modern Namdinh City of a northern area of an area was called as ''Hiển-khánh district'', which corresponds to half of the modern area of ]. This was the intersection of three large rivers, so it was very convenient for trade.
	'''] can be divided into 3 regions:'''
	''The low-lying delta region'' - ], ], ], ], ]. This region has a high level of agriculture and, textile and manufacturing industries.

			The name of the city, under ], was '''Thiên Trường''' (天長) meant "where the Sky remains for Eternity". It is first mentioned to mark the birth of the city in 1262 by Emperor ]. The name Thiên Trường was probably the name for a whole '']'', which at the time would be equivalent to a special prefecture or province nowadays. Under ], the city was considered to be the second capital, besides ].
	''The lowland coastal region'' - is home to districts such as, ], ], and ]. Nam Định's coastline is 72 km long and has favorable conditions for raising livestock and fishing. Here one will also find Xuân Thủy National Nature Reserve.
			] of Namdinh City.]]
			]
			Under ], the city belonged to the Prefecture of '''Sơn Nam''' (山南), meant "Southern Mountains" or "to the South of the Mountains" in 1466 by Emperor ], and '''Sơn Nam Hạ''' (山南下), meant "The South Prefecture of the Southern Mountains" in compared to '''Sơn Nam Thượng''' (山南上), meant "The North Prefecture of the Southern Mountains".

			===XX century===
	''The Central region'' - where Nam Định is located, is supported through textile and garment industries, mechanical and processing industries, and traditional trades. Along with a general services sector, there is a growing professional sector as well. Nam Định is at the center of Việt Nam's growing textile and trade gateway to the south via the ].
			The modern name of the city, Nam Định (南定), literally means "The pacified South", was first mentioned in 1831 under the reign of Emperor ] of the ] as the capital of Nam Định Province. In international context, the name of this urban area is often signed as '''Namdinh City''' (in English) or '''la ville de Namdinh''' (in French).

			===XXI century===
	Nam Định has four major estuaries: Ba Lạt, Đáy, Lạch Giang, and Hà Lạn.
			According to a Resolution announced by 2021 and officially applied by 2023, the entire ] rural district area was merged into Nam Định City.

	==~~Climate~~==		==Culture==
			Namdinh City's long-standing ]s come from the intersection of three groups of people : ], ] and ].
	Like most other provinces in the North Delta region, Nam Đinh features a humid subtropical climate. The average annual temperature ranges from 23-24 °C (73-75 °F). The coldest months are December and January, with average temperatures ranging from 16-17 °C (61-63 °F) and the hottest month being July, with temperatures over 29 °C (84 °F). The average annual rainfall is between 1750-1800mm (69-71 inches) per year, diviđe into two distinct seasons: rain season from May to October, and the non-rain season (or less rain season) from November to February. The total number of hours of sunlight per year averages out about 1650–1700 hours per year. The average relative humidity: 80-85%. Additionally, being next to the ], Nam Định is normally affected by tropical storms and monsoons, with an average of 4-6 attacks per year.

	==~~Economy~~==		=== Landscapes ===
			Namdinh City's oldest space is often divided by ] researchers into two parts : The North is the settlement surrounding Vị Xuyên Lake and Dragon Market, which is called ''Namdinh Old Town'' (Nam-định lão-nhai) ; the South is a textile industry planned by the French from the 1880s, which is now called ''Hòa-vượng New Urban Complex'' (khu đô-thị Hòa-vượng).
	In 2000 the estimated provincial GDP reach $400,000 USD (5.92 billion VND). In 2005, the economy structure was as following: agriculture-forestry-fishing 41%, industrial and construction 21.5%, services 38%.
			* ], a historical temple worshipping Emperors, Generals of ]. It traces the 13th history of ] with ].
			* ], a Buddhist pagoda built under ] in 11th century. This temple still well preserved its original architecture from 11th and 12th century AD.
			* ], a Christian church built in 19th century under ] colonial period.
			* Church of Khoái Đồng, a ] Christian Church built in 1941 by the Spanish ].
			Besides : 3-2 Square, Canton Temple, Doraemon Lane (previously River Resettlement hamlet), Đò-Quan Bridge, Đầu-mom Hamlet, Gốc-Mít Lane, Hakka Temple, Hoàng-văn-Thụ Street (previously Hải-phòng Road), Lê-hồng-Phong High School, Mả-lạng Area, Mỹ-tho Market, Namdinh Cheo Theatre, Ngõ-Ngang Market, Phù-long Market, Teochew Temple, Statue of Hưng-đạo Prince, Truyền-thống Lake, Trường-chinh Avenue (previously Giải-phóng Road and Lò-trâu Slope), Poet Tú-Xương's House and Tomb, Vọng-cung Temple...<ref>Thành ủy-HDND-UBND thành phố Nam Định, '''', NXB Văn Hóa Dân Tộc, Hà Nội, 2012</ref>

	===~~Industrial zones~~===		===Cuisine===
			Namdinh City is often considered as the birthplace of ] by the majority. However, this dish is considered the best what only exists in Nguyễn Du, Hàng Sắt and Hàng Thao Streets. All of them are close to the 3-2 Square. ] has some esoteric formulas stored by the descendants of the ], who have become ] since the 1970s. The ]s of Namdinh's ] are thought to always be as thin as ]s and they even can dissolve at the tip of the ], while the ] must smell the ]'s ] and ].
	* Hòa Xá Industrial Zone: Located in Nam Định with a total area of {{convert\|808\|acre\|km2}}. The total estimated investment of about US$18.76 billion, with approx. 86 investment projects.
	* Mỹ Trung Industrial Park: Located in the Mỹ Lọc District and Lọc Hạ Ward, in the city of Nam Định, bordering the National Highway 10. This area is still under development, with a total area of {{convert\|370\|acre\|km2}} but can expand up to {{convert\|470\|acre\|km2}}. The total expected investment is approximately $16.2 – $19 million US (300-350 billion VND).
	* Thành An Industrial Park: Located in the colonial part of Nam Định and Tân Thành - Vụ Bản, which boarders National Highway 10 and connecting roads from National Highway 10 to Road 21, which leads to the port of Hải Thịnh and other southern districts of the province. Thành An Industrial Park can expand their planning up to {{convert\|370\|acre\|km2}}. The total investment for Thành An is approximately $19 – $21.6 million US (350-400 billion VND).
	* Bảo Minh Industrial Park: Belongs to the District Vụ Bản - Nam Định, located south of the National Highway 10 and approx. 10 km from Nam Định. Bảo Minh Industrial Park is {{convert\|494\|acre\|km2}} and has a total investment of $16.2 - $21.6 million US (300-400 billion VND).
	* Hồng Tiến Industrial Park: Located just 25 km away from Nam Định, in District Ý Yên, its convenient location has it settled next to the National Highway 10, 6 km away from Binh Bình (which is close to Ninh Phúc Port), and also along the North-South National railway. The total area of Hồng Tiến is about {{convert\|620\|acre\|km2}}. This industrial park was first setup as an investment infrastructure for Vietnam Petroleum Corporation.
	* Ninh Cơ Industrial Park: Located along the Ninh Cơ River, it is approx. 500 ha, which includes: Seaports, ship building, industrial engineering, import/export processing and transporting, and tourism services along the river in two districts (] and ]). Ninh Cơ Industrial Park is operated by VINASHIN Shipbuilding Company.

			Namdinh is also known as the only place in ] that can produce Polka Bread<ref></ref> (bánh-mì Ba-lan) since 1969 until present. This is a type of ]-shaped ] but has a very thick ]. It is maken by a special type of ], which has been provided with an exclusive patent globally and is ]'s ] ].<ref></ref>
	==Culture and Society==

	===Education===
			] in Namdinh City is also different from many localities in ]. It is usually mixed with boiled ] from the ]'s ]. This method will make the ] lose the smell and become fragrant like ]. Besides, there are ] (mắm tôm & mắm tép), which is used to wake the taste of boiled ]s.
	Nam Định Province is well known in Vietnam for its traditional education system and schools. Nam Định has 4 universities. Lê Hồng Phong High School is one of the top ranked high schools in all of Vietnam. Other top schools in Nam Định are Giao Thủy A High School, Trần Hưng Đạo High School, Nguyễn Khuyến High School, and Hải Hậu A, which were all in Vietnams top 200 schools (National High School Standards - 2003). Nam Định has 16 schools in the top 200 (as of 2003), in addition to Vietnam's top 100 schools of 2009, Nam Định currently has 5 schools.

			Some other specialties of Namdinh City : ], ],<ref></ref> ],<ref></ref> ] with ], fish ] (fried ], ] or ] is served with ] ] and sliced ] & ]),<ref></ref> ], ] (xôi vò, xôi khúc, xôi đỗ đen), ] (] is wrapped by ] leaves, with water ] and roasted ]),<ref></ref> Seochew sweet<ref></ref> (kẹo Sìu-châu)...

	===Sports===		===Sports===
	Nam Định has two sports facilities, ] and Trần Quốc Toản Indoor Stadium, which are host to ] and ] matches. Both sports centers are located on Hùng Vương Street ~~in the city of Nam Định~~.		Nam Định has two sports facilities, ] and Trần Quốc Toản Indoor Stadium, which are host to ] and ] matches. Both sports centers are located on Hùng Vương Street.

	Hà Nam Ninh ~~was~~ the National Football Champions (]) in 1985 with star player Nguyễn Văn Dũng. In 2001, Nam Định took second place in the National Championships, losing to ]. In 2007, the Nam Định football team changed its name to ] and won its first ] under its new name. In 2009 the Nam ~~Dinh~~ Football team changed its name to Megastar Nam ~~Dinh~~ F.C and failed in ~~standind~~ on V-League to 1st level tournament 2010		Hà Nam Ninh won the National Football Champions (]) in 1985 with star player Nguyễn Văn Dũng. In 2001, Nam Định took second place in the National Championships, losing to ] In 2007, the Nam Định football team changed its name to ] and won its first ] under its new name. In 2009 the Nam Định Football team changed its name to Megastar Nam Định F.C and failed in standing on V.League to 1st level tournament 2010.

			In 2024, the ] won the ] championship for the first time in 39 years.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Nam Định wins V.League after 39 years \|url=https://vietnamnews.vn/sports/1658166/nam-dinh-wins-v-league-after-39-years.html \|access-date=2024-11-28 \|website=vietnamnews.vn \|language=en}}</ref>

			===Notable people===
			;'''Middle Ages'''
			*] (陳興道, 1228 - 1300), ] royal prince, statesman and military commander.
			*] (陳太宗, 1218 - 1277), first Emperor of ], the second Grand Emperor of ].
			*] (阮賢, 1234 - 1256), Vietnamese youngest ], achieved the highest score on highest level of the ] when he was only 13 years old, scholar, writer, politician.
			*] (梁世榮, 1441 - 1496), prominent Vietnamese ], scholar, politician.
			*] (陶師錫, 1350 - 1396), Vietnamese scholar, writer, politician.
			*] (叫能靜, 1835 - 1915), Vietnamese scholar, writer, educator.
			*] (陳碧珊, 1840 - 1877), Vietnamese scholar, politician.
			*] (1870 - 1907), or under pen name of Tú Xương, a Vietnamese famous writer, poet.
			*] (1908 - 1987), Vietnamese doctor and athlete.
			;'''Modern era'''
			*] (1907 - 1988), Vietnamese ] political leader, revolutionary and theoretician.
			*] (1911 - 1990), ]ese ] general, diplomat, and politician. The first Asian to be awarded the ], jointly with ] ] in ], but refused the award.
			*] (1918 - 1942), Vietnamese ] composer.
			*] (1921 – 1998), Vietnamese ], ], and ], one of the peace-maker of ].
			*] (born 1938), American-Vietnamese songstress.
			*] (born 1992), Vietnamese footballer.
			*] (born 1961), Vietnamese footballer.
			*] (born 1963), Vietnamese footballer and coach.
			*] (born 1971), Vietnamese footballer and coach.
			*] (born 1986), Vietnamese MC.
			*] (born 1989), Vietnamese footballer.
			*] or Nguyễn Xuân Son (born 1997), Vietnamese-Brasilian footballer.
			Besides : ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]...

			===International relations===
			'''Sister towns and sister cities'''
			*{{flagicon\|VIE}} ]
			*{{flagicon\|VIE}} ]
			*{{flagicon\|VIE}} ]
			*{{flagicon\|VIE}} ]
			*{{flagicon\|ITA}} ]

			==Geography==
			===Topography===
			Starting from 00:00 on January 1, 2025, the ] of Nam Định city was automatically divided into 21 ] ]s by the Resolution of the City People's Committee.
			*14 ]s : Cửa Bắc, Cửa Nam, Hưng Lộc, Lộc Hạ, Lộc Hòa, Lộc Vượng, Mỹ Xá, Nam Phong, Nam Vân, Năng Tĩnh, Quang Trung, Trần Hưng Đạo, Trường Thi, Vị Xuyên.
			*7 ]s : Mỹ Hà, Mỹ Lộc, Mỹ Phúc, Mỹ Tân, Mỹ Thắng, Mỹ Thuận, Mỹ Trung.
			The whole ] of Nam Định city is almost flat, many ]s are still lower than the ], thus they face many disadvantages when the ] comes. However, Nam Định is also known as the conformity of the three ]s, which is extremely convenient for ], such as : ], ], ]. In particular, Đào river was originally an artificial ] from the ], then gradually expanded with the width equivalent to the other two ]s. Its name means "digging" in ]. However, before the ], it was still called Vị Hoàng river (洧黃川), which had been in a folk subconscious as the nickname of Nam Định city. Besides, it is also called customarily as "Accretion river" (sông Lấp).{{NoteTag\|Poem '''' by ] about the beginning of ].}}

			Nam Định is 90 km Southeast of ]'s capital, ]. It is also known as the center of the Southern of the ]. Not only by its importance of ] and ], but for the ].
			*Provincial Internal Bus Route.
			*Provincial Route 490 (or National Route 55).
			*National Route 10.
			*National Route 21A.
			*National Route 21B.
			*National Route 37.
			*National Route 38B and ].
			*].
			Besides, Tân Đệ Riverport (bến phà Tân Đệ) has long been an important transport center of the ], which can lead to the ].

			===Population===
			According to the census in January 2023, the ] of Nam Định city was about 364,181.<ref> '''(vi)'''</ref>

			Due to the ] of its formation very early, the ] of Nam Định city has many ]s settling together. ] account for the majority, but besides that, there is ] settled in the Old Quarters for many ]s. Although they have been registered as Hoa or Kinh since 1978, in the composition of many groups such as : Tanka, Hakka, Seochew, Teochew, Canton, Hokkien...

			There is also a small community of ] and ] who has been refugees due to the influence of the ]. Also since the 2000s, there were a number of other groups from the international community, who were naturalized after only a short time living here.

			By preliminary statistics, at least 10% of Nam Định citizens are ].<ref></ref> Nam Định city was also one of the earliest Annamese ] to receive the ], which was about the beginning of the ], by the ]. The ] of old Nam Định city and former Mỹ Lộc rural district has previously belonged to two different dioceses, which were Hà Nội and Nam Định. However, since ] in 2024, expanded Nam Định city has become part of the Hanoi Diocese, belonging to the ]. Their ] is ].

			===Climate===
			In September 2024, Nam Định experienced heavy flooding from sever rainfall that forced many residents to evacuate their homes.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2024-09-10 \|title=Nam Dinh City is flooded with history, people rush to 'run things' at night - Vietnam.vn \|url=https://www.vietnam.vn/en/thanh-pho-nam-dinh-ngap-lich-su-nguoi-dan-voi-vang-chay-do-trong-dem/ \|access-date=2024-11-28 \|language=en}}</ref>
			{{Weather box\|width=auto
			\|metric first=y
			\|single line=y
			\|location = Nam Định
			\|Jan high C = 19.6
			\|Feb high C = 20.2
			\|Mar high C = 22.5
			\|Apr high C = 27.0
			\|May high C = 31.3
			\|Jun high C = 33.0
			\|Jul high C = 33.0
			\|Aug high C = 32.0
			\|Sep high C = 30.8
			\|Oct high C = 28.7
			\|Nov high C = 25.4
			\|Dec high C = 21.8
			\|year high C = 27.1
			\|Jan mean C = 16.5
			\|Feb mean C = 17.4
			\|Mar mean C = 19.9
			\|Apr mean C = 23.8
			\|May mean C = 27.4
			\|Jun mean C = 29.1
			\|Jul mean C = 29.4
			\|Aug mean C = 28.6
			\|Sep mean C = 27.4
			\|Oct mean C = 25.0
			\|Nov mean C = 21.7
			\|Dec mean C = 18.1
			\|year mean C = 23.7
			\|Jan low C = 14.4
			\|Feb low C = 15.6
			\|Mar low C = 18.1
			\|Apr low C = 21.7
			\|May low C = 24.7
			\|Jun low C = 26.4
			\|Jul low C = 26.8
			\|Aug low C = 26.1
			\|Sep low C = 25.0
			\|Oct low C = 22.5
			\|Nov low C = 19.1
			\|Dec low C = 15.6
			\|year low C = 21.3
			\|Jan record high C = 32.3 \|Jan record low C = 4.6
			\|Feb record high C = 35.2 \|Feb record low C = 5.3
			\|Mar record high C = 36.7 \|Mar record low C = 6.4
			\|Apr record high C = 40.5 \|Apr record low C = 12.1
			\|May record high C = 39.7 \|May record low C = 17.2
			\|Jun record high C = 40.2 \|Jun record low C = 19.2
			\|Jul record high C = 40.0 \|Jul record low C = 21.3
			\|Aug record high C = 39.0 \|Aug record low C = 22.3
			\|Sep record high C = 36.5 \|Sep record low C = 16.7
			\|Oct record high C = 35.5 \|Oct record low C = 13.3
			\|Nov record high C = 34.0 \|Nov record low C = 6.7
			\|Dec record high C = 31.3 \|Dec record low C = 5.1
			\|year record high C = 40.5 \|year record low C = 4.6
			\|rain colour = green
			\|Jan rain mm = 27.3
			\|Feb rain mm = 27.4
			\|Mar rain mm = 50.4
			\|Apr rain mm = 85.7
			\|May rain mm = 175.9
			\|Jun rain mm = 192.1
			\|Jul rain mm = 240.2
			\|Aug rain mm = 298.5
			\|Sep rain mm = 315.4
			\|Oct rain mm = 202.3
			\|Nov rain mm = 66.1
			\|Dec rain mm = 27.0
			\|year rain mm = 1701.4
			\|Jan rain days = 9.8
			\|Feb rain days = 12.8
			\|Mar rain days = 16.8
			\|Apr rain days = 13.1
			\|May rain days = 12.7
			\|Jun rain days = 13.1
			\|Jul rain days = 16.1
			\|Aug rain days = 14.5
			\|Sep rain days = 11.5
			\|Oct rain days = 11.5
			\|Nov rain days = 7.0
			\|Dec rain days = 6.4
			\|year rain days = 146.3
			\|Jan humidity = 84.6
			\|Feb humidity = 87.6
			\|Mar humidity = 89.5
			\|Apr humidity = 88.6
			\|May humidity = 84.4
			\|Jun humidity = 82.0
			\|Jul humidity = 81.8
			\|Aug humidity = 85.2
			\|Sep humidity = 85.1
			\|Oct humidity = 83.0
			\|Nov humidity = 81.9
			\|Dec humidity = 81.7
			\|year humidity = 84.6
			\|Jan sun = 69.9
			\|Feb sun = 42.4
			\|Mar sun = 40.8
			\|Apr sun = 90.3
			\|May sun = 184.9
			\|Jun sun = 178.6
			\|Jul sun = 195.9
			\|Aug sun = 165.2
			\|Sep sun = 161.9
			\|Oct sun = 153.4
			\|Nov sun = 130.8
			\|Dec sun = 110.6
			\|year sun = 1517.2
			\|source 1 = Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology<ref name=IBST>{{cite web\|title=Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology\|url=https://datafiles.chinhphu.vn/cpp/files/vbpq/2022/10/02-bxd.pdf \|language=en}}</ref>
			\|source 2 = The Yearbook of Indochina<ref> {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510221613/https://seadelt.net/Asset/Source/Document_ID-254_No-01.pdf \|date=10 May 2021 }}</ref>
			}}

			==See also==
			{{commons category\|Nam Dinh City}}
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*]

			==Notes and references==
			===Notes===
			{{NoteFoot\|2}}

			===References===
			{{reflist\|2}}

			==Further reading==
			===Bibliography===
			{{div col\|colwidth=30em}}
			*], '''', 1880.
			*Nguyễn On Ngọc, '''', 1893.
			*]. ''The Making of South East Asia'', 2nd ed. ] Press, 1983.
			*]. ''Cơ sở văn hóa Việt Nam'' (The Foundation of Vietnamese Culture), 504 pages. Publishing by Nhà xuất bản Đại học Tổng hợp TPHCM. ], ], 1995.
			*] (2011). ''Jiaozhi (Giao Chỉ) in the Han period Tongking Gulf''. In Cooke, Nola ; Li Tana ; Anderson, James A. (eds.). The Tongking Gulf Through History. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 39–44. ISBN 9780812205022.
			*], '''', ], 2014.
			*Samuel Baron, ], ], ] (2018). ''Views of Seventeenth-Century Vietnam : Christoforo Borri on Cochinchina and Samuel Baron on Tonkin''. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-1-501-72090-1.
			{{div col end}}

			===External links===
			*
	{{Cities in Viet Nam}}		{{Cities in Viet Nam}}
	{{Districts of Red River Delta}}		{{Districts of Red River Delta}}
			{{Authority control}}

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Nam Dinh}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Nam Dinh}}
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Latest revision as of 23:26, 19 January 2025

Provincial city in Red River Delta, Vietnam

Nam Định City Thành phố Nam ĐịnhThành Nam
Provincial city (Class-1)
Landscape of Vị Xuyên Lake.
Nickname(s): "The Textile City" (Thành-phố dệt)
Motto(s): "To build a prosperous and powerful country" (Đắp-xây non-nước phú-cường)

Nam Định City
Coordinates: 20°25′12″N 106°10′06″E / 20.42000°N 106.16833°E / 20.42000; 106.16833
Country	Vietnam
Region	Red River Delta
Establishment	October 17, 1921
Central agency	No.10, Trần Đăng Ninh road, Bà Triệu ward, Nam Định city
Government
• Type	City
• People Committee's Chairman	Nguyễn Tiến Dũng
• People Council's Chairman	Nguyễn Anh Tuấn
• Front Committee's Chairman	Hoàng Quang Khoa
• Party Committee's Secretary	Nguyễn Anh Tuấn
Area
• Total	12,090 km (4,670 sq mi)
Population
• Total	364,181
• Density	3,012/km (7,800/sq mi)
• Ethnicities	Kinh Tanka Tày Nùng
Time zone	UTC+7 (Indochina Time)
ZIP code	420000
Climate	Cwa
Website	Thanhpho.Namdinh.gov.vn

Nam Định (listen) is a capital-city of Nam Định province in the Red River Delta of the Northern Vietnam.

History

From August 18–20 of each year, there is a festival held in Nam Định called the Cố Trạch. This celebration honors General Trần Hưng Đạo, a 13th-century national hero who led Annamese forces to victory over the invading Mongols.

Middle ages

Before the Trần dynasty, the land of modern Namdinh City of a northern area of an area was called as Hiển-khánh district, which corresponds to half of the modern area of Nam Định province. This was the intersection of three large rivers, so it was very convenient for trade.

The name of the city, under Trần dynasty, was Thiên Trường (天長) meant "where the Sky remains for Eternity". It is first mentioned to mark the birth of the city in 1262 by Emperor Trần Thái Tông. The name Thiên Trường was probably the name for a whole phủ, which at the time would be equivalent to a special prefecture or province nowadays. Under Trần dynasty, the city was considered to be the second capital, besides Thăng Long.

Under Lê dynasty, the city belonged to the Prefecture of Sơn Nam (山南), meant "Southern Mountains" or "to the South of the Mountains" in 1466 by Emperor Lê Thánh Tông, and Sơn Nam Hạ (山南下), meant "The South Prefecture of the Southern Mountains" in compared to Sơn Nam Thượng (山南上), meant "The North Prefecture of the Southern Mountains".

XX century

The modern name of the city, Nam Định (南定), literally means "The pacified South", was first mentioned in 1831 under the reign of Emperor Minh Mệnh of the Nguyễn dynasty as the capital of Nam Định Province. In international context, the name of this urban area is often signed as Namdinh City (in English) or la ville de Namdinh (in French).

XXI century

According to a Resolution announced by 2021 and officially applied by 2023, the entire Mỹ Lộc rural district area was merged into Nam Định City.

Culture

Namdinh City's long-standing customs come from the intersection of three groups of people : Kinh, Hoa and French.

Landscapes

Namdinh City's oldest space is often divided by tourism researchers into two parts : The North is the settlement surrounding Vị Xuyên Lake and Dragon Market, which is called Namdinh Old Town (Nam-định lão-nhai) ; the South is a textile industry planned by the French from the 1880s, which is now called Hòa-vượng New Urban Complex (khu đô-thị Hòa-vượng).

Trần Temple, a historical temple worshipping Emperors, Generals of Trần dynasty. It traces the 13th history of Annam with three Mongol invasions.
Phổ Minh Pagoda, a Buddhist pagoda built under Ly Dynasty in 11th century. This temple still well preserved its original architecture from 11th and 12th century AD.
Grand Church of Nam Định, a Christian church built in 19th century under French Indochina colonial period.
Church of Khoái Đồng, a Romanesque Christian Church built in 1941 by the Spanish Santo Domingo Order.

Besides : 3-2 Square, Canton Temple, Doraemon Lane (previously River Resettlement hamlet), Đò-Quan Bridge, Đầu-mom Hamlet, Gốc-Mít Lane, Hakka Temple, Hoàng-văn-Thụ Street (previously Hải-phòng Road), Lê-hồng-Phong High School, Mả-lạng Area, Mỹ-tho Market, Namdinh Cheo Theatre, Ngõ-Ngang Market, Phù-long Market, Teochew Temple, Statue of Hưng-đạo Prince, Truyền-thống Lake, Trường-chinh Avenue (previously Giải-phóng Road and Lò-trâu Slope), Poet Tú-Xương's House and Tomb, Vọng-cung Temple...

Cuisine

Namdinh City is often considered as the birthplace of pho by the majority. However, this dish is considered the best what only exists in Nguyễn Du, Hàng Sắt and Hàng Thao Streets. All of them are close to the 3-2 Square. Pho has some esoteric formulas stored by the descendants of the Teochew families, who have become Kinh people since the 1970s. The noodles of Namdinh's pho are thought to always be as thin as clouds and they even can dissolve at the tip of the tongue, while the broth must smell the cow's bone and onion.

Namdinh is also known as the only place in Vietnam that can produce Polka Bread (bánh-mì Ba-lan) since 1969 until present. This is a type of boat-shaped bread but has a very thick intestine. It is maken by a special type of oven, which has been provided with an exclusive patent globally and is Poland's technology secret.

Fish sauce in Namdinh City is also different from many localities in Vietnam. It is usually mixed with boiled water from the cow's bone. This method will make the fish sauce lose the smell and become fragrant like peppermint. Besides, there are shrimp sauce (mắm tôm & mắm tép), which is used to wake the taste of boiled vegetables.

Some other specialties of Namdinh City : Bánh cuốn, bánh mì pa-tê, bánh gối, toast with honey, fish bún (fried rohu, snake-head or catfish is served with tomato broth and sliced lettuce & spinach), bún đũa, xôi (xôi vò, xôi khúc, xôi đỗ đen), bánh bèo (rice flour is wrapped by seaweed leaves, with water fat and roasted onion), Seochew sweet (kẹo Sìu-châu)...

Sports

Nam Định has two sports facilities, Thiên Trường Stadium (formerly Cuối Stadium) and Trần Quốc Toản Indoor Stadium, which are host to football and volleyball matches. Both sports centers are located on Hùng Vương Street.

Hà Nam Ninh won the National Football Champions (V.League) in 1985 with star player Nguyễn Văn Dũng. In 2001, Nam Định took second place in the National Championships, losing to Bình Định F.C. In 2007, the Nam Định football team changed its name to Đạm Phú Mỹ Nam Định and won its first National Cup under its new name. In 2009 the Nam Định Football team changed its name to Megastar Nam Định F.C and failed in standing on V.League to 1st level tournament 2010.

In 2024, the Nam Dinh F C won the V.League 1 championship for the first time in 39 years.

Notable people

Middle Ages

Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳興道, 1228 - 1300), Trần dynasty royal prince, statesman and military commander.
Trần Thái Tông (陳太宗, 1218 - 1277), first Emperor of Trần dynasty, the second Grand Emperor of Trần dynasty.
Nguyễn Hiền (阮賢, 1234 - 1256), Vietnamese youngest trạng nguyên, achieved the highest score on highest level of the Imperial examination when he was only 13 years old, scholar, writer, politician.
Lương Thế Vinh (梁世榮, 1441 - 1496), prominent Vietnamese mathematician, scholar, politician.
Đào Sư Tích (陶師錫, 1350 - 1396), Vietnamese scholar, writer, politician.
Khiếu Năng Tĩnh (叫能靜, 1835 - 1915), Vietnamese scholar, writer, educator.
Trần Bích San (陳碧珊, 1840 - 1877), Vietnamese scholar, politician.
Trần Tế Xương (1870 - 1907), or under pen name of Tú Xương, a Vietnamese famous writer, poet.
Trần Quang Viên (1908 - 1987), Vietnamese doctor and athlete.

Modern era

Trường Chinh (1907 - 1988), Vietnamese communist political leader, revolutionary and theoretician.
Lê Đức Thọ (1911 - 1990), Vietnamese revolutionary general, diplomat, and politician. The first Asian to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, jointly with United States Secretary of State Henry Kissinger in 1973, but refused the award.
Đặng Thế Phong (1918 - 1942), Vietnamese purple music composer.
Nguyễn Cơ Thạch (1921 – 1998), Vietnamese revolutionary, diplomat, and politician, one of the peace-maker of Paris Peace Accords.
Nguyễn Kim Tước (born 1938), American-Vietnamese songstress.
Phạm Văn Thuần (born 1992), Vietnamese footballer.
Nguyễn Văn Hùng (born 1961), Vietnamese footballer.
Nguyễn Văn Dũng (born 1963), Vietnamese footballer and coach.
Nguyễn Văn Sỹ (born 1971), Vietnamese footballer and coach.
Trần Hạnh Phúc (born 1986), Vietnamese MC.
Chu Ngọc Anh (born 1989), Vietnamese footballer.
Rafaelson or Nguyễn Xuân Son (born 1997), Vietnamese-Brasilian footballer.

Besides : Giác Hải, Bùi Công Kỳ, Đặng Gia Mẫn, Đặng Phương Nam, Đặng Minh Phương, Bằng Cường, Đặng Thị Diệu Hương, Trần Thị Diễm Hương, Josephine Mai Thị Mậu, Giuse Hoàng Văn Tiệm, Giuse Maria Đinh Bỉnh, Giuse Trần Xuân Tiếu, Lương Kim Định, Hoàng Minh Chính, Hoàng Ngọc Hiến, Đinh Thế Huynh, Đinh La Thăng, Kiwi Ngô Mai Trang, Giuse Đinh Đức Đạo, Lôrensô Chu Văn Minh, Đa Minh Nguyễn Chu Trinh, Phêrô Nguyễn Văn Tự, Nguyễn Cao Kỳ Duyên...

International relations

Sister towns and sister cities

Geography

Topography

Starting from 00:00 on January 1, 2025, the area of Nam Định city was automatically divided into 21 commune-level administrative units by the Resolution of the City People's Committee.

14 wards : Cửa Bắc, Cửa Nam, Hưng Lộc, Lộc Hạ, Lộc Hòa, Lộc Vượng, Mỹ Xá, Nam Phong, Nam Vân, Năng Tĩnh, Quang Trung, Trần Hưng Đạo, Trường Thi, Vị Xuyên.
7 communes : Mỹ Hà, Mỹ Lộc, Mỹ Phúc, Mỹ Tân, Mỹ Thắng, Mỹ Thuận, Mỹ Trung.

The whole terrain of Nam Định city is almost flat, many locations are still lower than the sea level, thus they face many disadvantages when the rainy season comes. However, Nam Định is also known as the conformity of the three rivers, which is extremely convenient for waterway traffic, such as : Đào, Đáy, Hồng. In particular, Đào river was originally an artificial canal from the Trần Dynasty, then gradually expanded with the width equivalent to the other two rivers. Its name means "digging" in Vietnamese language. However, before the XX century, it was still called Vị Hoàng river (洧黃川), which had been in a folk subconscious as the nickname of Nam Định city. Besides, it is also called customarily as "Accretion river" (sông Lấp).

Nam Định is 90 km Southeast of Vietnam's capital, Hanoi. It is also known as the center of the Southern of the Red River Delta. Not only by its importance of politics and economy, but for the traffic.

Provincial Internal Bus Route.
Provincial Route 490 (or National Route 55).
National Route 10.
National Route 21A.
National Route 21B.
National Route 37.
National Route 38B and Hồ Chí Minh Highway.
North–South Railway.

Besides, Tân Đệ Riverport (bến phà Tân Đệ) has long been an important transport center of the Red River Delta, which can lead to the Tonkin Gulf.

Population

According to the census in January 2023, the population of Nam Định city was about 364,181.

Due to the history of its formation very early, the area of Nam Định city has many ethnic groups settling together. Kinh people account for the majority, but besides that, there is Hoa communities settled in the Old Quarters for many generations. Although they have been registered as Hoa or Kinh since 1978, in the composition of many groups such as : Tanka, Hakka, Seochew, Teochew, Canton, Hokkien...

There is also a small community of Tày and Nùng who has been refugees due to the influence of the border conflict. Also since the 2000s, there were a number of other groups from the international community, who were naturalized after only a short time living here.

By preliminary statistics, at least 10% of Nam Định citizens are Catholic. Nam Định city was also one of the earliest Annamese location to receive the Gospel, which was about the beginning of the XIX century, by the Paris Missionary Association. The territory of old Nam Định city and former Mỹ Lộc rural district has previously belonged to two different dioceses, which were Hà Nội and Nam Định. However, since Christmas in 2024, expanded Nam Định city has become part of the Hanoi Diocese, belonging to the Hanoi Archdiocese. Their patron saint is Our Lady of Immacilization.

Climate

In September 2024, Nam Định experienced heavy flooding from sever rainfall that forced many residents to evacuate their homes.

Climate data for Nam Định
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	32.3 (90.1)	35.2 (95.4)	36.7 (98.1)	40.5 (104.9)	39.7 (103.5)	40.2 (104.4)	40.0 (104.0)	39.0 (102.2)	36.5 (97.7)	35.5 (95.9)	34.0 (93.2)	31.3 (88.3)	40.5 (104.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	19.6 (67.3)	20.2 (68.4)	22.5 (72.5)	27.0 (80.6)	31.3 (88.3)	33.0 (91.4)	33.0 (91.4)	32.0 (89.6)	30.8 (87.4)	28.7 (83.7)	25.4 (77.7)	21.8 (71.2)	27.1 (80.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)	16.5 (61.7)	17.4 (63.3)	19.9 (67.8)	23.8 (74.8)	27.4 (81.3)	29.1 (84.4)	29.4 (84.9)	28.6 (83.5)	27.4 (81.3)	25.0 (77.0)	21.7 (71.1)	18.1 (64.6)	23.7 (74.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	14.4 (57.9)	15.6 (60.1)	18.1 (64.6)	21.7 (71.1)	24.7 (76.5)	26.4 (79.5)	26.8 (80.2)	26.1 (79.0)	25.0 (77.0)	22.5 (72.5)	19.1 (66.4)	15.6 (60.1)	21.3 (70.3)
Record low °C (°F)	4.6 (40.3)	5.3 (41.5)	6.4 (43.5)	12.1 (53.8)	17.2 (63.0)	19.2 (66.6)	21.3 (70.3)	22.3 (72.1)	16.7 (62.1)	13.3 (55.9)	6.7 (44.1)	5.1 (41.2)	4.6 (40.3)
Average rainfall mm (inches)	27.3 (1.07)	27.4 (1.08)	50.4 (1.98)	85.7 (3.37)	175.9 (6.93)	192.1 (7.56)	240.2 (9.46)	298.5 (11.75)	315.4 (12.42)	202.3 (7.96)	66.1 (2.60)	27.0 (1.06)	1,701.4 (66.98)
Average rainy days	9.8	12.8	16.8	13.1	12.7	13.1	16.1	14.5	11.5	11.5	7.0	6.4	146.3
Average relative humidity (%)	84.6	87.6	89.5	88.6	84.4	82.0	81.8	85.2	85.1	83.0	81.9	81.7	84.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours	69.9	42.4	40.8	90.3	184.9	178.6	195.9	165.2	161.9	153.4	130.8	110.6	1,517.2
Source 1: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology
Source 2: The Yearbook of Indochina

Notes and references

Notes

Poem Sông Lấp by Trần Tế Xương about the beginning of XX century.

References

Thành ủy-HDND-UBND thành phố Nam Định, Thành Nam địa danh và giai thoại, NXB Văn Hóa Dân Tộc, Hà Nội, 2012
Thân thuộc bánh mì Ba Lan
Điểm danh 4 loại bánh mì độc đáo nức tiếng Nam Định
Khám phá bánh mì pate Nam Định
6 món bánh dân dã "thử một lần là nhớ một đời" của Nam Định
Bún cá - đặc sản 'tỏa sáng' ngày Tết ở Nam Định
10 món ăn vặt mùa đông ở Nam Định
Kẹo sìu châu - món quà ngày xuân ở Nam Định
"Nam Định wins V.League after 39 years". vietnamnews.vn. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
The project to expand the administrative boundaries of Namdinh City and establish three wards in new Namdinh City (vi)
Nam Định - the hometown of Vietnamese Catholicism
"Nam Dinh City is flooded with history, people rush to 'run things' at night - Vietnam.vn". 2024-09-10. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
"Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology" (PDF).
Annual statistics of Vietnam Archived 10 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine

v t e Districts of the Red River Delta
Hanoi city	Urban districts Ba Đình Bắc Từ Liêm Cầu Giấy Đống Đa Hà Đông Hai Bà Trưng Hoàn Kiếm Hoàng Mai Long Biên Nam Từ Liêm Tây Hồ Thanh Xuân Sơn Tây town Ba Vì Chương Mỹ Đan Phượng Đông Anh Gia Lâm Hoài Đức Mê Linh Mỹ Đức Phú Xuyên Phúc Thọ Quốc Oai Sóc Sơn Thanh Oai Thạch Thất Thanh Trì Thường Tín Ứng Hòa
Haiphong city	Urban districts An Dương Dương Kinh Đồ Sơn Hải An Hồng Bàng Kiến An Lê Chân Ngô Quyền Thủy Nguyên city An Lão Bạch Long Vĩ Cát Hải Kiến Thụy Tiên Lãng Vĩnh Bảo
Bắc Ninh province	Bắc Ninh city Từ Sơn city Quế Võ town Thuận Thành town Gia Bình Lương Tài Tiên Du Yên Phong
Hà Nam province	Phủ Lý city Duy Tiên town Bình Lục Kim Bảng town Lý Nhân Thanh Liêm
Hải Dương province	Chí Linh city Hải Dương city Kinh Môn town Bình Giang Cẩm Giàng Gia Lộc Kim Thành Nam Sách Ninh Giang Thanh Hà Thanh Miện Tứ Kỳ
Hưng Yên province	Hưng Yên city Mỹ Hào town Ân Thi Khoái Châu Kim Động Phù Cừ Tiên Lữ Văn Giang Văn Lâm Yên Mỹ
Nam Định province	Nam Định city Giao Thủy Hải Hậu Nam Trực Nghĩa Hưng Trực Ninh Vụ Bản Xuân Trường Ý Yên
Ninh Bình province	Hoa Lư city Tam Điệp city Gia Viễn Kim Sơn Nho Quan Yên Khánh Yên Mô
Thái Bình province	Thái Bình city Đông Hưng Hưng Hà Kiến Xương Quỳnh Phụ Thái Thụy Tiền Hải Vũ Thư
Vĩnh Phúc province	Phúc Yên city Vĩnh Yên city Bình Xuyên Lập Thạch Sông Lô Tam Đảo Tam Dương Vĩnh Tường Yên Lạc
denotes provincial seat.