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{{Infobox settlement {{Infobox settlement
|name = Westchester |name = Westchester
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|image_skyline = Dilapidated_"Westchester,_Home_of_LAX"_sign_2011-07-27.jpg |image_skyline = New Westchester (Los Angeles) Neighborhood Sign.jpg
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|image_caption = Westchester, Home of LAX sign at Westchester Park |image_caption = "Westchester, Home of LAX" sign at Westchester Rec Center
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|image_map = |image_map = Map of Westchester neighborhood, Los Angeles, California.png
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|map_caption = |map_caption = Westchester as outlined by the ''Los Angeles Times''
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|pushpin_map = United States Los Angeles Southern |pushpin_map = United States Los Angeles Western
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|pushpin_map_caption = Location within Southern Los Angeles |pushpin_map_caption = Location within Western Los Angeles
|coordinates_region = US-CA
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|coordinates = {{coord|33.95972|-118.39972|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}
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'''Westchester''' is a suburban neighborhood in western ], ], ]. It is the location of ] (LAX), ] (LMU), and ]. '''Westchester''' is a neighborhood in the City of ] and the ] region of ], United States.

It is home to ], ], ], and ] (formerly Westchester High School).


==Geography== ==Geography==
] through downtown Westchester, as viewed from ]]]
Westchester is located in the eastern part of the Del Rey Hills also known as the Westchester Bluffs. The Westchester community is separated from the Pacific Ocean by ] on the west. Its northern border is defined by and includes the area now known as Playa Vista, as well as ], and the unincorporated area of ]. The ] community is located within the northern portion of Westchester. The city of ] is to the east, and the city of ] is to the south. The southern portion of the neighborhood is taken up by the ] (a.k.a. LAX). The ] runs through the eastern portion of the area. {{Citation needed|date=January 2008}} The Westchester Neighbors Association defines the Osage area of Westchester boundaries as "the area within the City of Los Angeles: east of Sepulveda Boulevard, north of Manchester Avenue and west of the I/S 405 Freeway (San Diego Fwy)."<ref> ''westchesterneighbors.org''</ref>
The main part of Westchester is bordered by ] and ] on the north, ] and ] on the east, ] on the southeast, ] and ] on the south and ] on the west. It includes all of the ]. There is also a two-block-wide ] that runs from the intersection of ] and ] north to 63rd Street and then east to Overhill Avenue, where it links with the ] neighborhood.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://projects.latimes.com/mapping-la/neighborhoods |title=Mapping L.A. - Los Angeles Times |publisher=Projects.latimes.com |access-date=October 5, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://projects.latimes.com/mapping-la/neighborhoods/region/south-bay |title=South Bay - Mapping L.A. - Los Angeles Times |publisher=Projects.latimes.com |access-date=October 5, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://projects.latimes.com/mapping-la/neighborhoods/region/south-la |title=South L.A. - Mapping L.A. - Los Angeles Times |publisher=Projects.latimes.com |access-date=October 5, 2013}}</ref>

The main neighborhood's boundary lines are, generally, on the east: north-south on ] or the Inglewood city line; on the south: east-west on the city boundary with El Segundo or Imperial Highway; on the west: north-south on Pershing Drive and Westchester Parkway, then roughly north-south on a series of residential streets west of ] to the Playa Vista neighborhood.<ref name=ThomasGuideWestchester>''The Thomas Guide,'' 2006, pages 672, 673, 702 and 703</ref><ref name=MappingLAWestchester>{{cite news|url=http://projects.latimes.com/mapping-la/neighborhoods/neighborhood/westchester |title=Westchester Profile - Mapping L.A. - Los Angeles Times |publisher=Projects.latimes.com |access-date=October 5, 2013}}</ref>


==History== ==History==
Westchester began the 20th century as an agricultural area, growing a wide variety of crops in the dry, farming-friendly climate. The rapid development of the aerospace industry near Mines Field (as LAX was then known), the move of ] to the area in 1928, and population growth in Los Angeles as a whole, created a demand for housing in the area. Westchester hosted the cross country part of the ] ] event for the ] in ].<ref> pp. 77, 86-7.</ref> Westchester began the 20th century as an agricultural area, growing a wide variety of crops in the dry, farming-friendly climate. The rapid development of the aerospace industry near Mines Field (as the Los Angeles Airport was then known), the move of ] to the area in 1928, and population growth in Los Angeles as a whole created a demand for housing in the area. Westchester was built with the intention of housing members of the working class. Westchester hosted the cross country part of the ] ] event for the ] in ].<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707164120/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1932/1932s.pdf|date=July 7, 2010}}</ref><ref name="Dukesherer"></ref>


In the late 1930s, real estate magnate ] developed a tract of inexpensive prefabricated single-family homes on the site of a former ] at the intersection of Manchester and Sepulveda Boulevards. This community, dubbed "Westchester", grew by leaps and bounds as the aerospace industry boomed in World War II and afterward. A ] article in 1989 described the development as "a raw suburb", "created willy-nilly in the 1940s".<ref name="lat1989" /> In the late 1930s, real estate magnate Fritz Burns and his partner Fred W. Marlow <ref name = "Marlow">{{cite web | publisher = Westchester Parents | title = Westchester, CA in 1964| url = http://westchesterparents.org/?p=364 }}</ref> developed a tract of inexpensive prefabricated single-family homes on the site of a former ] at the intersection of Manchester and Sepulveda Boulevards. This community, dubbed "Westchester", grew as the aerospace industry boomed in ] and afterward.<ref name = "Marlow"/> A '']'' article in 1989 described the development as "a raw suburb", "created willy-nilly in the 1940s".<ref name="Dukesherer"/><ref name="lat1989" />


The area was predominantly residential. When the area had 30,000 residents, it was still lacking a police station, fire station, or hospital. It lacked a barber shop even by 1949.<ref name="lat1989">{{cite news|title=Westchester: Suburb Where LAX Is King Despite dominance of airport, community's institutions thrive and the air is cool.|last=Applegate|first=Joe|date=2 July 1989|work=]|page=2|accessdate=18 July 2011}}</ref> The area was predominantly residential. When the area had 30,000 residents, it was still lacking a police station, fire station, or hospital. It lacked a barber shop even by 1949.<ref name="lat1989">{{cite news|title=Westchester: Suburb Where LAX Is King Despite dominance of airport, community's institutions thrive and the air is cool.|last=Applegate|first=Joe|date=July 2, 1989|work=]|page=2}}</ref>


], located at Manchester and Sepulveda]]
], the famous aviator, movie director, and tool company owner, operated a large manufacturing plant in northern Westchester in the area now known as ]. Hughes Airport (IATA: CVR), a private airport, was part of the manufacturing plant. The street named Runway Road is laid out in the approximate location of the former Hughes Airport runway.


The 1960s saw the introduction of airliners that could make trans-Pacific flights without refueling, causing a massive increase in air traffic at LAX. When the North Airfield Complex was constructed the increase in noise from jet takeoffs greatly decreased the desirability of the residential areas adjoining LAX. In response, the city of Los Angeles began a program of purchasing and condemning houses from noise-weary homeowners; as a result, a number of streets just north of the airport have been decommissioned, and the homes along those streets demolished. In all, Westchester lost 4,500 homes and 14,000 residents.<ref name = "lostresidential">{{cite web | publisher = Westchester Parents | title = A History of LAX Expansion| url = http://westchesterparents.org/?p=11 }}</ref> The 18-hole Westchester golf course became a 15-hole course. In 2007 Los Angeles World Airport (LAWA) proposed another move of the north runway into Westchester;<ref name="LAX North Airfield Proposed Runway Configuration">{{cite web|url=http://www.ourlax.org/pdf/LAWA%20SRMD%20WCG.pdf |title=Los Angeles World Airports : LAX North Airfield Proposed Runway Configuration |publisher=Ourlax.org |access-date=October 5, 2013}}</ref> local opposition to LAX expansion (first proposed in the late 1990s) rose.
The Hughes facilities were commonly called "Hughes's Culver City" facilities, even though this area has never been part of the ]. This appellation continues today in any number of publications that discuss Howard Hughes himself, or his companies. The Hughes facilities were owned by Hughes Tool Company, operated by ], a company that specialized in building aviation navigation and communication systems, and the profits went to the ].


In February 2010, a NASA panel found that the north runway was safe and should stay as it is.<ref name="LAX's north runways are safe and should stay as they are, NASA panel says">{{cite news| url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2010/02/lax-report-runways-should-stay-as-they-are.html | work=Los Angeles Times | title=L.A. Now | date=February 19, 2010}}</ref><ref name="LAX north runways are deemed safe">{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-feb-20-la-me-lax-report20-2010feb20-story.html | work=Los Angeles Times | first=Jeff | last=Gottlieb | title=LAX north runways are deemed safe | date=February 20, 2010}}</ref> That same month, LAWA broke ground on a $1.5 billion expansion of the Bradley International Terminal.<ref name="LAX modernization begins with Bradley West grounbreaking RE:LAX The LAX Capital Improvement Program Newsletter Spring 2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.lawa.aero/uploadedFiles/LAX/pdf/spring%2010%20low.pdf |title=LAX Modernization Begins With Bradley West Groundbreaking |publisher=Lawa.aero |access-date=October 5, 2013}}</ref>
Hughes's nearly ]-free "]" wood-bodied transport airplane was built in the Hughes facilities. The plane was disassembled into major components in 1947, transported to ] on then-rural roads, and reassembled. Howard Hughes himself flew the H4 for little over one mile (1.6&nbsp;km), but the plane was never flown again.


Construction of the ] led to further mass demolitions of residential structures. The former Manchester Square neighborhood, a 120 acre tract spanning from Aviation to La Cienega and Arbor Vitae to Century, was acquired and demolished piecemeal beginning in 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aron |first=Hillel |date=2018-09-04 |title=This L.A. Neighborhood Will Soon Be Wiped Off the Map |url=https://lamag.com/urbandevelopment/lax-manchester-square |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=LAmag - Culture, Food, Fashion, News & Los Angeles |language=en}}</ref> A densely built-up area consisting of a mix of apartment complexes, duplexes, single family housing and schools, it had a population of over 7,000 in 1998 before the buyout program began.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-18 |title=South Bay History: Big plans for Manchester Square area finally are coming to fruition |url=https://www.dailybreeze.com/2019/03/18/south-bay-history-big-plans-for-manchester-square-area-finally-are-coming-to-fruition/ |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=Daily Breeze |language=en-US}}</ref> Because LAWA did not use eminent domain to acquire the area, remaining occupied housing coexisted with an increasing number of fenced-off vacant lots owned by LAWA for many years before the buyouts were completed. By 2004 nearly half the population had left, but the final buyouts and demolitions would not occur for nearly 15 years. In its final years, the remaining residents between the derelict properties were plagued with vandalism, illegal dumping, and an enormous homeless encampment with over 800 residents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=X |last2=Instagram |last3=Email |last4=Facebook |date=2017-08-09 |title=L.A. gives green light for eminent domain to clear out Manchester Square |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-eminent-domain-20170809-story.html |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2017 courts authorized the use of eminent domain to acquire the remaining parcels and the last owners all agreed to sell voluntarily shortly afterward. Combined with the 1970's expansion, this brought the total number of Westchester residents displaced by LAX construction to well over 20,000.
] opened in 1961.]]
The 1960s saw the introduction of airliners that could make trans-Pacific flights without refueling, causing a massive increase in air traffic at LAX. While Westchester residents successfully blocked a northward expansion of the airport, the increase in noise from jet takeoffs greatly decreased the desirability of the residential areas adjoining LAX. In response, the city of Los Angeles began a longstanding program of purchasing houses from noise-weary homeowners; as a result, a number of streets just north of the airport have been decommissioned, and the homes along those streets have either been demolished or moved to other locations. The 18-hole Westchester golf course became a 15-hole course. As a result of a 2007 Los Angeles World Airport (LAWA) proposal to move the North runway into Westchester,<ref name="LAX North Airfield Proposed Runway Configuration">http://www.ourlax.org/pdf/LAWA%20SRMD%20WCG.pdf</ref> local opposition to LAX expansion (first proposed in the late 1990s) rose to fever pitch. In February 2010, a NASA panel found that the North runway was safe and should stay as it is.<ref name="LAX's north runways are safe and should stay as they are, NASA panel says">{{cite news| url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2010/02/lax-report-runways-should-stay-as-they-are.html | work=Los Angeles Times | title=L.A. Now}}</ref><ref name="LAX north runways are deemed safe">{{cite news| url=http://articles.latimes.com/2010/feb/20/local/la-me-lax-report20-2010feb20 | work=Los Angeles Times | first=Jeff | last=Gottlieb | title=LAX north runways are deemed safe | date=February 20, 2010}}</ref> That same month, LAWA broke ground on a $1.5 billion expansion of the Bradley International Terminal.<ref name="LAX modernization begins with Bradley West grounbreaking RE:LAX The LAX Capital Improvement Program Newsletter Spring 2010">http://www.lawa.aero/uploadedFiles/LAX/pdf/spring%2010%20low.pdf</ref>


Home prices rose 25 percent in 2013–14 while most southern California communities were recovering much more slowly. A major factor has been the influx of technology companies (including Hulu, Google, and Snap, Inc.) in ] as the ] phenomenon in west Los Angeles has spread. The community also experienced a boom in home additions or complete rehabilitation of traditional postwar ]s into larger two-story homes.<ref>Logan, Tim (January 2, 2015) '']''</ref> The Howard Hughes Center was a significant addition to the neighborhood in 2001 next to the ]. Development continued until by 2015 the complex had 1.3 million square feet of office space ({{convert|1300000|sqft|m2|disp=out|abbr=off}}) in high-rise buildings, 3,200 apartments, and an updated, renovated shopping mall.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/la-fi-promenade-mall-sale-20150619-story.html|title=New owners plan $30-million face lift for Promenade at Howard Hughes Center|work=]|date= June 18, 2015|first=Roger|last=Vincent}}</ref>
As part of the 1960s expansion and modernization of LAX, the now famous landmark "Jet Age" style ] opened. This iconic building has itself been modernized and is the location of .


Since 2013, The cost of living in Westchester has continued to increase. In April 2017, the median sales price for single-family homes in April was $1.21 million - a 27% increase from a year prior.<ref>Ferazzi, Gina (May 26, 2017) '']''</ref>
In the late 1990s, ], with approximately 1,000 full-time and 3,000 part-time students, moved to Westchester from its previous location near downtown Los Angeles. What is now named the Kathleen Ahmanson Hall was designed by architect ] in 1963 to house an IBM research center. This well-known local landmark, a seven story, {{convert|115000|sqft|m2|sing=on}} building, has a distinctive "punch card" window design. The two story Galef Fine Arts Center, designed by Frederick Fisher Architects, opened on the campus in 2001. The complex geometry and corrugated metal forms contrast with the "punch card" vocabulary of Ahmanson Hall. Together, these buildings comprise the Elaine and Bram Goldsmith Campus. Ironically, the Otis building has Westinghouse brand elevators.


==Population==
With ] and Otis only blocks from one another, Westchester has undergone a shift away from defense/aviation related industries (which have declined significantly since the end of the ]) and has become a college town. In 2004, a Graduate School of relocated to the north-east quadrant of Westchester. The private college/university students, paying tuition typically well in excess of $30,000 per year, are a huge boon to the local economy. Adding living expenses to tuition, merchants gladly count the $45,000-$55,000 per student, per year, dropped into the local economy.
A total of 39,480 people lived in Westchester's 10.81 square miles, according to the 2010 U.S. census, and that figure included the uninhabited acreage of the Los Angeles International Airport—resulting in a density of 3,652 people per square mile, among the lowest ] in the city of Los Angeles but about average for the county. The median age was 35.6, about average for Los Angeles city. The percentage of people from age 19 through 34 was among the county's highest.<ref name=MappingLAWestchester/>


In 2010 ]s made up 61.1% of the population, ] 14.2%, ] 12.0%, Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders 0.3%, and others (including two or more races) at 11.9%. Those who identified themselves as Hispanic or Latino (of any race) were 18.2%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|title=U.S. Census website|publisher=United States Census Bureau|website=]|access-date=April 23, 2019}}</ref>
During the beginning of the fall 2008 semester, Westchester residents became more concerned with the off-campus parties hosted by ] students. Los Angeles-based ] interviewed approximately 12 Westchester homeowners over their concerns with LMU.<ref name="Neighbors Upset About LMU Weekend Parties">http://video.knbc.com/player/?id=290031</ref> The piece aired on Friday, September 5, 2008. It was met with criticism by LMU students because KNBC did not interview a student in the piece.<ref name="Turmoil in the Westchester neighborhood">http://media.www.laloyolan.com/media/storage/paper803/news/2008/09/11/Opinion/Turmoil.In.The.Westchester.Neighborhood-3422806.shtml</ref>


In 2010, the mean family income for the area was $135,026 and the median family income was $106,302, both numbers high for the city.<ref name="factfinder2.census.gov">{{cite web|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_11_5YR_DP03|title=American FactFinder - Results|publisher=United States Census Bureau|website=factfinder.Census.gov|access-date=April 23, 2019|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212211753/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_11_5YR_DP03|archive-date=February 12, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> The percentage of families that earned more than $100,000 a year was 53.5%.<ref name="factfinder2.census.gov"/> Renters occupied 48.2% of the housing units, and homeowners occupied the rest. The average household size was 2.3 people, considered low for the city and county. The percentages of divorced men (8.6%) and divorced women (11.9%) were among the county's highest.<ref name=MappingLAWestchester/>
==Demographics==
===2010===
The ]<ref>{{USCensus-2010CA}}</ref> reported that Westchester had a population of 39,480. The racial makeup of Westchester was 24,136 (61.1%) ], 5,605 (14.2%) ], 4,751 (12.0%) ], 148 (0.4%) ], 135 (0.3%) ], 2,309 (5.8%) from ], and 2,396 (6.1%) from two or more races. ] or ] of any race were 7,203 persons (18.2%).


The 2000 census counted 3,055 military veterans, 9.2% of the population, considered a high percentage for the city of Los Angeles but about average for the county.<ref name=MappingLAWestchester/>
Median household income: $84,707


] and ] were the most common ancestries according to the 2000 census. ] and the ] were the most common foreign places of birth.<ref name=MappingLAWestchester/>
==Economy==
{{Expand section|date=December 2009}}
In 1975 ] had its headquarters on the grounds of LAX.<ref>''World Airline Directory''. Flight International. March 20, 1975. ".</ref> Prior to its dissolution ] had its headquarters at LAX.<ref>"World Airline Directory." ''Flight International''. March 30, 1985. ." Retrieved on June 17, 2009.</ref>

Prior to its dissolution, regional airline ] was headquartered in Westchester.<ref>''World Airline Directory''. Flight International. March 22–28, 1995. .</ref> Prior to its dissolution cargo airline ] had its headquarters at LAX.<ref>"World Airline Directory." ''Flight International''. March 30, 1985. ." Retrieved on July 23, 2009.</ref> Prior to its dissolution ] had its headquarters in Westchester.<ref>"World Airline Directory." '']''. March 29, 1986. .</ref> When ] existed, its headquarters was in Westchester.<ref>"World Airline Directory." '']''. April 10, 1969. .</ref>


==Government and infrastructure== ==Government and infrastructure==
]
===Local government===
] Station 5 is in Westchester.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lafd.org/fire-stations/station-5|title=Station 5 - Los Angeles Fire Department|website=www.LAFD.org|access-date=April 23, 2019}}</ref>


] operates the Pacific Community Police Station at 12312 Culver Boulevard, 90066, serving the neighborhood.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lapdonline.org/pacific_community_police_station |title=Pacific Community Police Station - official website of THE LOS ANGELES POLICE DEPARTMENT |publisher=Lapdonline.org |date=May 10, 2013 |access-date=November 26, 2013 |archive-date=October 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020181756/http://lapdonline.org/pacific_community_police_station |url-status=dead }}</ref>


] operates the Westchester-Loyola Village Library, at 7114 W. Manchester Avenue, 90045, as a community library offering free online access, programming and information for all ages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lapl.org/branches/westchester-loyola-village |title=Westchester - Loyola Village &#124; Los Angeles Public Library |publisher=Lapl.org |access-date=October 5, 2013}}</ref>
===Local government===
] is in Westchester.


] has its headquarters on the property of ].<ref>"". ]. Retrieved on September 28, 2011. "Los Angeles International Airport 1 World Way, Los Angeles, CA 90045"</ref>
] operates the Pacific Community Police Station at 12312 Culver Boulevard, 90066, serving the neighborhood.<ref> ''lapdonline.org''</ref>


The Los Angeles Bureau of Sanitation <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lacitysan.org/san/faces/home?_adf.ctrl-state=pupmdz3y2_390&_afrLoop=19917902987729540#! |title=Official website|website= www.lacitysan.org|access-date=2021-10-14}}</ref> operates the West Los Angeles District Refuse Collection Yard, at 2027 Stoner Avenue, 90025, which provides residential refuse collection to Westchester for all residences four units and under.
] has its headquarters on the property of ].<ref>"." ]. Retrieved on September 28, 2011. "Los Angeles International Airport 1 World Way, Los Angeles, CA 90045"</ref>


===County, federal, and state representation=== ===County, federal, and state representation===
The ] SPA 5 West Area Health Office serves Westchester.<ref>"." ]. Retrieved on March 18, 2010.</ref> The ] SPA 5 West Area Health Office serves Westchester.<ref>"". ]. Retrieved on March 18, 2010.</ref>


The ] Westchester Post Office is located at 7381 La Tijera Boulevard.<ref>"." '']''. Retrieved on December 6, 2008.</ref> The ] Airport Station is located at 9029 Airport Boulevard, Los Angeles 90009-9998. The ] Westchester Post Office is located at 7381 La Tijera Boulevard.<ref>"". '']''. Retrieved on December 6, 2008.</ref> The ] Airport Station is located at 8821 Aviation Boulevard, Los Angeles 90009-9997.


==Education== ==Education==
About 51.7% of Westchester's residents had completed a bachelor's degree or higher by 2010, a high figure when compared with the city and the county at large. The percentage of the residents who held a ] or a ] was also high for the county.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_11_5YR_DP02|title=American FactFinder - Results|publisher=United States Census Bureau|website=factfinder.Census.gov|access-date=April 23, 2019|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212210819/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_11_5YR_DP02|archive-date=February 12, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Libraries===
].]]
] operates the Westchester-Loyola Village Branch.<ref>"." ]. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.</ref>


===Schools=== ===Schools===
], before 2009]]
;Public schools
]
Westchester is served by six zoned public elementary schools, one middle school, and one high school operated by the ]. The area is within Board District 4.<ref>. '']''. Retrieved on November 24, 2008.</ref> As of 2009 Steve Zimmer represents the district.<ref>"." '']''. Retrieved on September 16, 2009.</ref>

Zoned elementary schools:
* Kentwood Elementary School
* Westport Heights Elementary School
* Cowan Avenue Elementary School
* Paseo Del Rey Elementary School
* Loyola Village Elementary School


====Postsecondary====
Zoned middle schools:
* ], 1 LMU Drive<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lmu.edu/resources/contact/Contact_Us_by_Mail.htm |title=Contact Us by Mail |publisher=LMU.edu |date=September 27, 2007 |access-date=October 5, 2013}}</ref>
* ]
* ], 9045 Lincoln Boulevard
* ] West Los Angeles Campus, 6100 Center Drive


====Secondary and elementary====
Zoned high schools:
The schools within Westchester's boundaries are:<ref>{{cite news|url=http://projects.latimes.com/mapping-la/neighborhoods/neighborhood/harbor-city/schools |title=Harbor City Schools - Mapping L.A. - Los Angeles Times |publisher=Projects.LATimes.com |access-date=October 5, 2013}}</ref>
* ]
* ], ] secondary, 7400 West Manchester Avenue<ref>{{cite web|url=http://westchesterhs-lausd-ca.schoolloop.com |title=Westchester Enriched Sciences Magnets: Home Page |publisher=Westchesterhs-lausd-ca.schoolloop.com |access-date=October 5, 2013}}</ref>
*]
* Permanently closed: The Incubator School, LAUSD, 7400 West Manchester Avenue<ref>Previously , now closed.</ref>
LAUSD-affiliated charter elementary schools:
* Westchester-Emerson Community Adult School, LAUSD, 8810 Emerson Avenue
* Open Magnet Charter School
* WISH Academy High School 9-12, 7400 W Manchester Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90045 ()
**The school was previously located in ].<ref name="Groves1">Groves, Martha. "." '']''. December 5, 1999. Retrieved on January 15, 2012.</ref>
* Bright Star Secondary Charter Academy, 5431 West 98th Street<ref>{{cite web|url=https://brightstarschools.org/|title=Bright Star Schools|website=BrightStarSchools.org|access-date=April 23, 2019}}</ref>
* Permanently closed: Carousel, private K–12 special education, 7899 La Tijera Boulevard<ref>{{cite web|url=https://carouselschool.com/|title=Carousel School Los Angeles: Special Education for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Non-Public School (NPS), Preschool, Infant Center, Early Intervention, Adult Day Program, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Program, Westchester, 90045|website=CarouselSchool.com|access-date=April 23, 2019}}</ref>
Middle
* ] Middle School, 6550 West 80th Street
* Katherine Johnson STEM Academy, 8701 Park Hill Dr. Los Angeles, CA 90045 ()
* WISH Community School 6-8, 7400 W Manchester Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90045 ()
]
Elementary
* Cowan Avenue Elementary School, LAUSD, 7615 Cowan Avenue
* Kentwood Elementary School, LAUSD, 8401 Emerson Street
* Loyola Village Elementary School, LAUSD, 8821 Villanova Avenue
* Open Magnet Charter Elementary School, LAUSD, 5540 West 77th Street
* St. Anastasia Elementary School, private, 8631 South Stanmoor Drive
* ] Elementary School, private, 5580 Thornburn Street
* ] Elementary School, private, 8740 South Emerson Avenue
* Westchester Lutheran School, private, 7831 Sepulveda Boulevard
* Westport Heights Elementary School, LAUSD, 6011 West 79th Street
* WISH Charter Elementary School, 6550 W 80th St, Los Angeles, CA 90045 (at Orville Wright Middle School)


As of 2014 the ] allows parents in Westchester to send their children to Wiseburn schools on inter-district transfers.<ref>"" (). ]. Retrieved on April 4, 2014. "Also serving the children of employees from the surrounding aerospace, technology, travel, and entertainment industries, as well as families living in the Westchester, Playa del Rey, Playa Vista, Mar Vista, and Ladera Heights area on an interdistrict permit transfer."</ref>
;Private schools
Westchester has several private K-8 schools and one high school, including:
* ]
* ] (K-8)
* ]
* ] (JK-8)
* ] (K-8)
* ]


==Parks and recreation== ==Parks and recreation==
The Westchester Recreation Center is in Westchester. The center includes an auditorium, barbecue pits, a lighted baseball diamond, lighted outdoor basketball courts, two indoor basketball courts, a children's play area, a community room, a lighted football field, an indoor gymnasium without weights, picnic tables, a lighted soccer field, and lighted tennis courts.<ref name="WestchesterRC">"." City of Los Angeles. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.</ref> The Westchester Pool, on the recreation center site, is an outdoor unheated seasonal pool.<ref name="WestchesterRC"/><ref>"." City of Los Angeles. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.</ref> The Westchester Tennis Courts in the recreation center consist of ten lighted courts.<ref name="WestchesterRC"/><ref>"." City of Los Angeles. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.</ref> The Westchester Recreation Center is in Westchester. The center includes an auditorium, barbecue pits, a lighted baseball diamond, lighted outdoor basketball courts, two indoor basketball courts, a children's play area, a community room, a lighted football field, an indoor gymnasium without weights, picnic tables, a lighted soccer field, and lighted tennis courts.<ref name="WestchesterRC">"." City of Los Angeles. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.</ref> The Westchester Pool, on the recreation center site, is an outdoor heated seasonal pool renovated in 2010.<ref name="WestchesterRC"/><ref>"." City of Los Angeles. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.</ref> The Westchester Tennis Courts in the recreation center consist of ten lighted courts.<ref name="WestchesterRC"/><ref>"." City of Los Angeles. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.</ref> A skate park is also located in the recreation center. The Westchester Golf Course is located just east of the recreation center.


The Westchester Senior Citizen Center has a 200-person auditorium, barbecue pits, a 20-person community room, a garden, a kitchen, picnic tables, and a stage.<ref>"." City of Los Angeles. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.</ref> The {{convert|8|acre|ha|adj=on}} Carl E. Nielsen Youth Park is located in Westchester. In 1991 ] planned to pave over the park and use the lot as parking spaces and leased space to rental car companies. During that year, LAWA decided to keep the park open.<ref>"." '']''. August 1, 1991. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.</ref> The Westchester Senior Citizen Center has a 200-person auditorium, barbecue pits, a 20-person community room, a garden, a kitchen, picnic tables, and a stage.<ref>" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323140631/http://www.laparks.org/dos/senior/facility/westchesterSCC.htm |date=March 23, 2010 }}." City of Los Angeles. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.</ref> The {{convert|8|acre|ha|adj=on}} Carl E. Nielsen Youth Park is located in Westchester. In 1991, ] planned to pave over the park and use the lot as parking spaces and leased space to rental car companies. During that year, LAWA decided to keep the park open.<ref>"." '']''. August 1, 1991. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.</ref>


] is a popular jogging track.]]
==Sport==
Westchester hosted the cross country eventing part of the ] event for the ] held in the Los Angeles area.


==Architecture==
==Notable residents==
]
] restaurant, at 6710 La Tijera Boulevard, is "probably the best-preserved example" of the ] developed by ].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-xpm-2011-apr-26-la-me-eldon-davis-20110426-story.html |title=Obituary: Eldon Davis dies at 94; L.A. architect popularized 'Googie' style |newspaper=] |date=April 26, 2011 |access-date=November 26, 2013 |first=Valerie J. |last=Nelson}}</ref> Pann's includes an angular edifice and large plate-glass windows and has been described as having "the classic coffee shop architecture".<ref>{{cite book
| last = Hess
| first = Alan
| title = Googie Redux: Ultramodern Roadside Architecture
| publisher = Chronicle
| year = 2004
| page = 93
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=uYiGA6QNE8sC
| isbn = 978-0-8118-4272-3}}</ref>
Pann's was featured in a story in the ''Los Angeles Times'', "Going on a hunt for Googie architecture", which noted the restaurant's tilted roof and sign, tropical plants and exposed stone walls indoors and out, and glass windows wrapping around the restaurant. Pann's celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2008.<ref name="Googie hunt">{{cite news | last = Friedlander| first = Whitney| title = Going on a hunt for Googie architecture in Southern California | newspaper = ] | date = May 16, 2008 | url = http://travel.latimes.com/articles/la-trw-googie18-2008may18 | access-date = February 11, 2009}}</ref>


] opened in 1961]]
*] (born 1923) Los Angeles City Council member, 1969–87
The ] is a structure at the ] which opened in 1961 and is another example of Googie architecture. It was said that the distinctive white building resembles a ] that had landed on its four legs.<ref>{{cite web|title=The "Theme Building," Los Angeles International Airport|url=http://cwis.usc.edu/dept/LAS/history/historylab/LAPUHK/Text/Concepts/Icons/Icons_LAX.htm|publisher=]|access-date=November 18, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313064139/http://cwis.usc.edu/dept/LAS/history/historylab/LAPUHK/Text/Concepts/Icons/Icons_LAX.htm|archive-date=March 13, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The ] designated the building a cultural and historical monument (no.570) in 1993.<ref name="LA TIMES 1992-12-19">{{cite news | first=Susan | last=Moffat | title=Landing a Landmark: LAX Monument to '60s Optimism Granted Historical Status | date=December 19, 1992 | url =https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-12-19-me-1999-story.html | work =Los Angeles Times | access-date = April 18, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="HCMLISTING 2007-09-7">{{cite news | title=Historic - Cultural Monuments (HCM) Listing: City Declared Monuments | date=September 7, 2007 | publisher=The City Project | url =http://www.cityprojectca.org/ourwork/documents/HCMDatabase090707.pdf | work =The City Project Website | access-date = April 18, 2010 }}</ref>
*] Los Angeles Laker

==Notable people==
* ]<ref name="Bravin2013">{{cite book|author=Jess Bravin|title=Squeaky: The Life and Times of Lynette Alice Fromme|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ca9_AQAAQBAJ&pg=PT29|date=December 3, 2013|publisher=St. Martin's Press|isbn=978-1-4668-5946-3|page=29}}</ref>
* ], actor, comedian, screenwriter and graphic artist<ref name= "Thomas2014">{{ cite book| author=Mike Thomas|title=You Might Remember Me: The Life and Times of Phil Hartman|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zhg_BAAAQBAJ&q=phil+hartman+westchester&pg=PA314|date=December 2015|publisher=St. Martins Press|isbn= 9781250070302|page=314}}</ref>
* ], musician and writer
* ], opera singer
* ], politician<ref name=LibraryFile>{{cite web|url=http://dbase1.lapl.org/webpics/calindex/documents/08/433674.pdf? |title=Local History Collection : Biography : Pat Russell |publisher=Dbase1.lap1.org |access-date=November 26, 2013}}</ref>
* ], music manager<ref name="Trynka2011">{{cite book|author=Paul Trynka|author-link=Paul Trynka|title=Iggy Pop: Open Up and Bleed|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3edhCjWheaAC&pg=PA148|date=December 7, 2011|publisher=Crown Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-7679-2722-2|page=148}}</ref>
* ], 1960s rock band; 4 members attended ].
* ], crossover thrash band from ]; at least two of their former members were born and raised in Westchester.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/former-suicidal-tendencies-bassist-speaks/|title=Former SUICIDAL TENDENCIES Bassist Speaks|date=December 26, 2009 |publisher=]|access-date=March 18, 2022}}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
{{Portal|Los Angeles}} {{Portal|Greater Los Angeles}}
* ] * ]
* ]


==References== ==References==
Line 201: Line 220:


==External links== ==External links==
{{commonscat|Westchester, Los Angeles}} {{Commons category|Westchester, Los Angeles}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Westchester (California)|Westchester, California}}
* *
{{Geographic location

| Centre = Westchester
{{Coord|33.95972|-118.39972|type:city_region:US|format=dms|display=title}}
| North = ], ] and ]

| Northeast = ]
| East = ] and ]
| Southeast = ]
| South = ] and ]
| Southwest = ] and ]
| West = ] and ]
| Northwest = ], ], ] and ]
}}
{{Westchester, Los Angeles}}
{{Los Angeles Westside}}
{{Los Angeles}} {{Los Angeles}}
{{Los Angeles Westside}}
{{1932 Summer Olympic venues}} {{1932 Summer Olympic venues}}
{{Olympic venues equestrian}} {{Olympic venues equestrian}}


{{Authority control}}
]

]
]
]
]
] ]
]

Books about Westchester, CA
Westchester, California; An Early History of Westchester, Playa Del Rey, Playa Vista
and Environs, by David J. Dukesherer, 2010


]

Latest revision as of 05:43, 12 January 2025

Neighborhood of Los Angeles in the United States
Westchester
Neighborhood of Los Angeles
"Westchester, Home of LAX" sign at Westchester Rec Center"Westchester, Home of LAX" sign at Westchester Rec Center
Westchester as outlined by the Los Angeles TimesWestchester as outlined by the Los Angeles Times
Westchester is located in Western Los AngelesWestchesterWestchesterLocation within Western Los Angeles
Coordinates: 33°57′35″N 118°23′59″W / 33.95972°N 118.39972°W / 33.95972; -118.39972
CountryUnited States

Westchester is a neighborhood in the City of Los Angeles and the South Bay region of Los Angeles County, California, United States.

It is home to Los Angeles International Airport, Loyola Marymount University, Otis College of Art and Design, and Westchester Enriched Sciences Magnet Schools (formerly Westchester High School).

Geography

Sepulveda Boulevard through downtown Westchester, as viewed from LAX

The main part of Westchester is bordered by Playa Vista and Culver City on the north, Inglewood and Lennox on the east, Hawthorne on the southeast, Del Aire and El Segundo on the south and Playa del Rey on the west. It includes all of the Los Angeles International Airport. There is also a two-block-wide shoestring district that runs from the intersection of Centinela Avenue and La Cienega Boulevard north to 63rd Street and then east to Overhill Avenue, where it links with the Hyde Park neighborhood.

The main neighborhood's boundary lines are, generally, on the east: north-south on La Cienega Boulevard or the Inglewood city line; on the south: east-west on the city boundary with El Segundo or Imperial Highway; on the west: north-south on Pershing Drive and Westchester Parkway, then roughly north-south on a series of residential streets west of Westchester High School to the Playa Vista neighborhood.

History

Westchester began the 20th century as an agricultural area, growing a wide variety of crops in the dry, farming-friendly climate. The rapid development of the aerospace industry near Mines Field (as the Los Angeles Airport was then known), the move of then Loyola University to the area in 1928, and population growth in Los Angeles as a whole created a demand for housing in the area. Westchester was built with the intention of housing members of the working class. Westchester hosted the cross country part of the eventing equestrian event for the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.

In the late 1930s, real estate magnate Fritz Burns and his partner Fred W. Marlow developed a tract of inexpensive prefabricated single-family homes on the site of a former hog farm at the intersection of Manchester and Sepulveda Boulevards. This community, dubbed "Westchester", grew as the aerospace industry boomed in World War II and afterward. A Los Angeles Times article in 1989 described the development as "a raw suburb", "created willy-nilly in the 1940s".

The area was predominantly residential. When the area had 30,000 residents, it was still lacking a police station, fire station, or hospital. It lacked a barber shop even by 1949.

Imperial Bank horse sculpture (1975) by Millard Sheets, located at Manchester and Sepulveda

The 1960s saw the introduction of airliners that could make trans-Pacific flights without refueling, causing a massive increase in air traffic at LAX. When the North Airfield Complex was constructed the increase in noise from jet takeoffs greatly decreased the desirability of the residential areas adjoining LAX. In response, the city of Los Angeles began a program of purchasing and condemning houses from noise-weary homeowners; as a result, a number of streets just north of the airport have been decommissioned, and the homes along those streets demolished. In all, Westchester lost 4,500 homes and 14,000 residents. The 18-hole Westchester golf course became a 15-hole course. In 2007 Los Angeles World Airport (LAWA) proposed another move of the north runway into Westchester; local opposition to LAX expansion (first proposed in the late 1990s) rose.

In February 2010, a NASA panel found that the north runway was safe and should stay as it is. That same month, LAWA broke ground on a $1.5 billion expansion of the Bradley International Terminal.

Construction of the LAX Consolidated Rent-A-Car Facility led to further mass demolitions of residential structures. The former Manchester Square neighborhood, a 120 acre tract spanning from Aviation to La Cienega and Arbor Vitae to Century, was acquired and demolished piecemeal beginning in 1999. A densely built-up area consisting of a mix of apartment complexes, duplexes, single family housing and schools, it had a population of over 7,000 in 1998 before the buyout program began. Because LAWA did not use eminent domain to acquire the area, remaining occupied housing coexisted with an increasing number of fenced-off vacant lots owned by LAWA for many years before the buyouts were completed. By 2004 nearly half the population had left, but the final buyouts and demolitions would not occur for nearly 15 years. In its final years, the remaining residents between the derelict properties were plagued with vandalism, illegal dumping, and an enormous homeless encampment with over 800 residents. In 2017 courts authorized the use of eminent domain to acquire the remaining parcels and the last owners all agreed to sell voluntarily shortly afterward. Combined with the 1970's expansion, this brought the total number of Westchester residents displaced by LAX construction to well over 20,000.

Home prices rose 25 percent in 2013–14 while most southern California communities were recovering much more slowly. A major factor has been the influx of technology companies (including Hulu, Google, and Snap, Inc.) in Playa Vista as the Silicon Beach phenomenon in west Los Angeles has spread. The community also experienced a boom in home additions or complete rehabilitation of traditional postwar ranch-style houses into larger two-story homes. The Howard Hughes Center was a significant addition to the neighborhood in 2001 next to the San Diego Freeway. Development continued until by 2015 the complex had 1.3 million square feet of office space (120,000 square metres) in high-rise buildings, 3,200 apartments, and an updated, renovated shopping mall.

Since 2013, The cost of living in Westchester has continued to increase. In April 2017, the median sales price for single-family homes in April was $1.21 million - a 27% increase from a year prior.

Population

A total of 39,480 people lived in Westchester's 10.81 square miles, according to the 2010 U.S. census, and that figure included the uninhabited acreage of the Los Angeles International Airport—resulting in a density of 3,652 people per square mile, among the lowest population densities in the city of Los Angeles but about average for the county. The median age was 35.6, about average for Los Angeles city. The percentage of people from age 19 through 34 was among the county's highest.

In 2010 Non-Hispanic whites made up 61.1% of the population, Blacks 14.2%, Asians 12.0%, Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders 0.3%, and others (including two or more races) at 11.9%. Those who identified themselves as Hispanic or Latino (of any race) were 18.2%.

In 2010, the mean family income for the area was $135,026 and the median family income was $106,302, both numbers high for the city. The percentage of families that earned more than $100,000 a year was 53.5%. Renters occupied 48.2% of the housing units, and homeowners occupied the rest. The average household size was 2.3 people, considered low for the city and county. The percentages of divorced men (8.6%) and divorced women (11.9%) were among the county's highest.

The 2000 census counted 3,055 military veterans, 9.2% of the population, considered a high percentage for the city of Los Angeles but about average for the county.

German and Irish were the most common ancestries according to the 2000 census. Mexico and the Philippines were the most common foreign places of birth.

Government and infrastructure

Westchester Municipal Building on Manchester

Local government

Los Angeles Fire Department Station 5 is in Westchester.

Los Angeles Police Department operates the Pacific Community Police Station at 12312 Culver Boulevard, 90066, serving the neighborhood.

Los Angeles Public Library operates the Westchester-Loyola Village Library, at 7114 W. Manchester Avenue, 90045, as a community library offering free online access, programming and information for all ages.

Los Angeles World Airports has its headquarters on the property of Los Angeles International Airport.

The Los Angeles Bureau of Sanitation operates the West Los Angeles District Refuse Collection Yard, at 2027 Stoner Avenue, 90025, which provides residential refuse collection to Westchester for all residences four units and under.

County, federal, and state representation

The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services SPA 5 West Area Health Office serves Westchester.

The United States Postal Service Westchester Post Office is located at 7381 La Tijera Boulevard. The United States Postal Service Airport Station is located at 8821 Aviation Boulevard, Los Angeles 90009-9997.

Education

About 51.7% of Westchester's residents had completed a bachelor's degree or higher by 2010, a high figure when compared with the city and the county at large. The percentage of the residents who held a master's degree or a doctorate was also high for the county.

Schools

Sunken Gardens at Loyola Marymount University, before 2009
Otis College of Art and Design, before 2009

Postsecondary

Secondary and elementary

The schools within Westchester's boundaries are:

  • Westchester Enriched Sciences Magnet Schools, LAUSD secondary, 7400 West Manchester Avenue
  • Permanently closed: The Incubator School, LAUSD, 7400 West Manchester Avenue
  • Westchester-Emerson Community Adult School, LAUSD, 8810 Emerson Avenue
  • WISH Academy High School 9-12, 7400 W Manchester Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90045 ()
  • Bright Star Secondary Charter Academy, 5431 West 98th Street
  • Permanently closed: Carousel, private K–12 special education, 7899 La Tijera Boulevard

Middle

  • Orville Wright Middle School, 6550 West 80th Street
  • Katherine Johnson STEM Academy, 8701 Park Hill Dr. Los Angeles, CA 90045 ()
  • WISH Community School 6-8, 7400 W Manchester Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90045 ()
Westport Heights School

Elementary

  • Cowan Avenue Elementary School, LAUSD, 7615 Cowan Avenue
  • Kentwood Elementary School, LAUSD, 8401 Emerson Street
  • Loyola Village Elementary School, LAUSD, 8821 Villanova Avenue
  • Open Magnet Charter Elementary School, LAUSD, 5540 West 77th Street
  • St. Anastasia Elementary School, private, 8631 South Stanmoor Drive
  • St. Jerome Elementary School, private, 5580 Thornburn Street
  • Visitation Elementary School, private, 8740 South Emerson Avenue
  • Westchester Lutheran School, private, 7831 Sepulveda Boulevard
  • Westport Heights Elementary School, LAUSD, 6011 West 79th Street
  • WISH Charter Elementary School, 6550 W 80th St, Los Angeles, CA 90045 (at Orville Wright Middle School)

As of 2014 the Wiseburn School District allows parents in Westchester to send their children to Wiseburn schools on inter-district transfers.

Parks and recreation

The Westchester Recreation Center is in Westchester. The center includes an auditorium, barbecue pits, a lighted baseball diamond, lighted outdoor basketball courts, two indoor basketball courts, a children's play area, a community room, a lighted football field, an indoor gymnasium without weights, picnic tables, a lighted soccer field, and lighted tennis courts. The Westchester Pool, on the recreation center site, is an outdoor heated seasonal pool renovated in 2010. The Westchester Tennis Courts in the recreation center consist of ten lighted courts. A skate park is also located in the recreation center. The Westchester Golf Course is located just east of the recreation center.

The Westchester Senior Citizen Center has a 200-person auditorium, barbecue pits, a 20-person community room, a garden, a kitchen, picnic tables, and a stage. The 8-acre (3.2 ha) Carl E. Nielsen Youth Park is located in Westchester. In 1991, Los Angeles World Airports planned to pave over the park and use the lot as parking spaces and leased space to rental car companies. During that year, LAWA decided to keep the park open.

The LMU Fire Road along the Westchester Bluffs above Playa Vista is a popular jogging track.

Architecture

Pann's neon sign at night

Pann's restaurant, at 6710 La Tijera Boulevard, is "probably the best-preserved example" of the Googie-style architecture developed by Eldon Davis. Pann's includes an angular edifice and large plate-glass windows and has been described as having "the classic coffee shop architecture". Pann's was featured in a story in the Los Angeles Times, "Going on a hunt for Googie architecture", which noted the restaurant's tilted roof and sign, tropical plants and exposed stone walls indoors and out, and glass windows wrapping around the restaurant. Pann's celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2008.

The Theme Building opened in 1961

The Theme Building is a structure at the Los Angeles International Airport which opened in 1961 and is another example of Googie architecture. It was said that the distinctive white building resembles a flying saucer that had landed on its four legs. The Los Angeles City Council designated the building a cultural and historical monument (no.570) in 1993.

Notable people

See also

References

  1. "Mapping L.A. - Los Angeles Times". Projects.latimes.com. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
  2. "South Bay - Mapping L.A. - Los Angeles Times". Projects.latimes.com. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
  3. "South L.A. - Mapping L.A. - Los Angeles Times". Projects.latimes.com. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
  4. The Thomas Guide, 2006, pages 672, 673, 702 and 703
  5. ^ "Westchester Profile - Mapping L.A. - Los Angeles Times". Projects.latimes.com. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
  6. Archived July 7, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Westchester, California; An Early History of Westchester, Playa Del Rey, Playa Vista and Environs, by David J. Dukesherer, 2010
  8. ^ "Westchester, CA in 1964". Westchester Parents.
  9. ^ Applegate, Joe (July 2, 1989). "Westchester: Suburb Where LAX Is King Despite dominance of airport, community's institutions thrive and the air is cool". Los Angeles Times. p. 2.
  10. "A History of LAX Expansion". Westchester Parents.
  11. "Los Angeles World Airports : LAX North Airfield Proposed Runway Configuration" (PDF). Ourlax.org. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
  12. "L.A. Now". Los Angeles Times. February 19, 2010.
  13. Gottlieb, Jeff (February 20, 2010). "LAX north runways are deemed safe". Los Angeles Times.
  14. "LAX Modernization Begins With Bradley West Groundbreaking" (PDF). Lawa.aero. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
  15. Aron, Hillel (September 4, 2018). "This L.A. Neighborhood Will Soon Be Wiped Off the Map". LAmag - Culture, Food, Fashion, News & Los Angeles. Retrieved August 31, 2024.
  16. "South Bay History: Big plans for Manchester Square area finally are coming to fruition". Daily Breeze. March 18, 2019. Retrieved August 31, 2024.
  17. X; Instagram; Email; Facebook (August 9, 2017). "L.A. gives green light for eminent domain to clear out Manchester Square". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 31, 2024. {{cite web}}: |last2= has generic name (help)
  18. Logan, Tim (January 2, 2015) "Buoyed by Silicon Beach, Westchester enjoys a housing surge" Los Angeles Times
  19. Vincent, Roger (June 18, 2015). "New owners plan $30-million face lift for Promenade at Howard Hughes Center". Los Angeles Times.
  20. Ferazzi, Gina (May 26, 2017) "Neighborhood Spotlight: Westchester evolves into a techie utopia" Los Angeles Times
  21. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  22. ^ "American FactFinder - Results". factfinder.Census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  23. "Station 5 - Los Angeles Fire Department". www.LAFD.org. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  24. "Pacific Community Police Station - official website of THE LOS ANGELES POLICE DEPARTMENT". Lapdonline.org. May 10, 2013. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2013.
  25. "Westchester - Loyola Village | Los Angeles Public Library". Lapl.org. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
  26. "About LAWA". Los Angeles World Airports. Retrieved on September 28, 2011. "Los Angeles International Airport 1 World Way, Los Angeles, CA 90045"
  27. "Official website". www.lacitysan.org. Retrieved October 14, 2021.
  28. "About Us". Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. Retrieved on March 18, 2010.
  29. "Post Office Location - WESTCHESTER". United States Postal Service. Retrieved on December 6, 2008.
  30. "American FactFinder - Results". factfinder.Census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  31. "Contact Us by Mail". LMU.edu. September 27, 2007. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
  32. "Harbor City Schools - Mapping L.A. - Los Angeles Times". Projects.LATimes.com. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
  33. "Westchester Enriched Sciences Magnets: Home Page". Westchesterhs-lausd-ca.schoolloop.com. Retrieved October 5, 2013.
  34. Previously The Incubator School, now closed.
  35. "Bright Star Schools". BrightStarSchools.org. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  36. "Carousel School Los Angeles: Special Education for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Non-Public School (NPS), Preschool, Infant Center, Early Intervention, Adult Day Program, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Program, Westchester, 90045". CarouselSchool.com. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  37. "Home" (Archive). Wiseburn School District. Retrieved on April 4, 2014. "Also serving the children of employees from the surrounding aerospace, technology, travel, and entertainment industries, as well as families living in the Westchester, Playa del Rey, Playa Vista, Mar Vista, and Ladera Heights area on an interdistrict permit transfer."
  38. ^ "Westchester Recreation Center." City of Los Angeles. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.
  39. "Westchester Pool." City of Los Angeles. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.
  40. "Westchester Tennis Courts." City of Los Angeles. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.
  41. "Westchester Senior Citizen Center Archived March 23, 2010, at the Wayback Machine." City of Los Angeles. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.
  42. "Endangered Nielsen Park Gets a 5-Year Lease on Life." Los Angeles Times. August 1, 1991. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.
  43. Nelson, Valerie J. (April 26, 2011). "Obituary: Eldon Davis dies at 94; L.A. architect popularized 'Googie' style". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 26, 2013.
  44. Hess, Alan (2004). Googie Redux: Ultramodern Roadside Architecture. Chronicle. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-8118-4272-3.
  45. Friedlander, Whitney (May 16, 2008). "Going on a hunt for Googie architecture in Southern California". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 11, 2009.
  46. "The "Theme Building," Los Angeles International Airport". University of Southern California. Archived from the original on March 13, 2013. Retrieved November 18, 2008.
  47. Moffat, Susan (December 19, 1992). "Landing a Landmark: LAX Monument to '60s Optimism Granted Historical Status". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 18, 2010.
  48. "Historic - Cultural Monuments (HCM) Listing: City Declared Monuments" (PDF). The City Project Website. The City Project. September 7, 2007. Retrieved April 18, 2010.
  49. Jess Bravin (December 3, 2013). Squeaky: The Life and Times of Lynette Alice Fromme. St. Martin's Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-1-4668-5946-3.
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  52. Paul Trynka (December 7, 2011). Iggy Pop: Open Up and Bleed. Crown Publishing Group. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-7679-2722-2.
  53. "Former SUICIDAL TENDENCIES Bassist Speaks". Blabbermouth.net. December 26, 2009. Retrieved March 18, 2022.

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