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{{short description|Spanish pianist and composer}}
{{Refimprove|date=February 2012}}
{{other people||Enrique Granados (swimmer)|Enrique Granados (water polo)}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=December 2024}}
{{Expand Catalan|topic=bio|date=November 2023}}
{{family name hatnote|Granados|Campiña|lang=Spanish}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
<!-- Before adding an infobox, please consult ] and seek consensus on this article's talk page. -->
]


'''Pantaleón Enrique Joaquín Granados Campiña''' (27 July 1867&nbsp;– 24 March 1916), commonly known as '''Enrique Granados''' in ] or ''Enric Granados'' in ], was a ] ] of classical music, and concert ] from ], ]. His most well-known works include '']'', the ''{{ill|Spanish Dances (Granados)|lt=Spanish Dances|es|12 Danzas españolas}}'', and '']''.{{sfn|Larrad|2007}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2011}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Enrique Granados Campiña
|other_names =
|image = Granados.jpg
|image_size =
|caption =
|birth_name = Enrique Granados Campiña
|birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1867|07|27}}
|birth_place = ], Spain
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1916|03|24|1867|07|27}}
|death_place = ], on the way from ] to ]
|death_cause = ] (After torpedoes struck the ship on which he was traveling.)
|resting_place = His body was never found
|resting_place_coordinates =
|residence = {{Plainlist|
* ]
* ]
* ] (1874–1916)
* Paris (1887–89)
}}
|nationality = Spanish
|other_names =
|known_for = {{Flatlist|
* '']''
* '']''
}}
|education =
|alma_mater =
|employer =
|occupation = {{Flatlist|
* Composer
* pianist
}}
|home_town =
|title =
|salary =
|networth =
|height =
|weight =
|term =
|predecessor =
|successor =
|party =
|boards =
|religion =
|spouse = Amparo Gal
|partner =
|children = six: Eduardo(musician), Solita, Enrique (swimming champion), Víctor, Natàlia, Francisco
|parents = Calixto Granados (army captain), Enriqueta Campiña
|relatives =
|signature =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}


== Life ==
'''Enrique Granados Campiña''' (27 July 1867{{spaced ndash}}24 March 1916) was a ] pianist and ] of classical music.<ref>Enrique Granados, in ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980. ISBN 1-56159-174-2</ref> His music is in a uniquely Spanish style and, as such, is representative of ].
] in 1915]]
Pantaleón Enrique Joaquín Granados Campiña was born in ], Spain, the son of Calixto José de la Trinidad Granados y Armenteros, a Spanish army captain who was born in Havana, Cuba, and Enriqueta Elvira Campiña de Herrera, from ]. As a young man he studied piano in Barcelona, where his teachers included ] and ]. In 1887 he went to Paris to study. He was unable to become a student at the ], but he was able to take private lessons with a conservatoire professor, ], whose mother, the soprano ], was of Spanish ancestry. Bériot insisted on extreme refinement in tone production, which strongly influenced Granados's teaching of pedal technique. He also fostered Granados's abilities in improvisation.<ref></ref> Just as important were his studies with ]. He returned to Barcelona in 1889. His first successes were at the end of the 1890s, with the opera '']'', which attracted the attention of King ].


In 1903, Granados participated in a competition organized by ] of the ], which awarded a considerable sum of 500 pesetas for the best "concert allegro" for solo piano. Granados submitted his ], Op. 46, for which the jury declared him the winner with an almost unanimous vote. The win brought Granados to national attention.{{sfn|Clark|2005|p=55–57}}
The personal papers of Enrique Granados are preserved in, among other institutions, the ].


In 1911 Granados premiered his suite for piano '']'', which became his most famous work. It is a set of six pieces based on paintings of ]. Such was the success of this work that he was encouraged to expand it. He wrote an opera based on the subject in 1914, but the outbreak of World War I forced the European premiere to be canceled. It was performed for the first time in New York City on 28 January 1916 and was very well received. Shortly afterwards, he was invited to perform a piano recital for President ]. Before leaving New York, Granados also made live-recorded ] music rolls for the New-York-based ]'s "]" system, all of which survive today and can be heard – his last recordings.
== Life ==
He was born in ], Spain, the son of Calixto Granados, a Spanish army captain, and Enriqueta Campiña. As a young man he studied piano in ], where his teachers included ] and ]. In 1887 he went to Paris to study. He was unable to become a student at the ], but he was able to take private lessons with a conservatoire professor, ], whose mother, the famed soprano ], was of Spanish ancestry. Bériot insisted on extreme refinement in tone production, which strongly influenced Granados’s own teaching of pedal technique. He also fostered Granados's abilities in improvisation.<ref></ref> Just as important were his studies with ]. He returned to Barcelona in 1889. His first successes were at the end of the 1890s, with the ] '']'', which attracted the attention of King ].


==Death==
In 1911 Granados premiered his suite for piano '']'', which became his most famous work. It is a set of six pieces based on paintings of ]. Such was the success of this work that he was encouraged to expand it. He wrote an opera based on the subject in 1914, but the outbreak of World War I forced the European premiere to be canceled. It was performed for the first time in New York City on 28 January 1916, and was very well received. Shortly afterwards, he was invited to perform a piano recital for President ]. Prior to leaving New York, Granados also made live-recorded ] music rolls for the New-York-based ]'s "]" system, all of which survive today and can be heard – his very last recordings.
A delay in New York, incurred by accepting a recital invitation, caused him to miss his boat back to Spain. Instead, he took a ship to England, where he boarded the passenger ferry ] for ], France. On the way across the ], the ''Sussex'' was torpedoed by a German ], as part of the German World War I policy of ]. According to witness Daniel Sargent, Granados's wife, Amparo, was too heavy to get into a lifeboat. Granados refused to leave her and positioned her on a small life raft on which she knelt and he clung. Both then ] within sight of other passengers.<ref>Daniel Sargent, quoted in ], ''The Roses of No Man's Land''. London: Macmillan, 1980. p. 141. A photograph of the empty drifting raft is among plates between pp. 64–5.</ref> However, according to a different account from another survivor, "A survivor of the 1916 torpedo attack on a Cross channel ferry, Sussex, recognised Spanish composer Granados in a lifeboat, his wife in the water. Granados dived in to save her and perished."<ref>David Walton, ''The Last Journey of Enrique Granados''. Opus Publications p. 71.</ref>


The personal papers of Enrique Granados are preserved in, among other institutions, the ].
The delay incurred by accepting the recital invitation caused him to miss his boat back to Spain. Instead, he took a ship to England, where he boarded the passenger ferry ] for ], France. On the way across the ], the ''Sussex'' was torpedoed by a German ], as part of the German World War I policy of ]. In a failed attempt to save his wife Amparo, whom he saw flailing about in the water some distance away, Granados jumped out of his lifeboat and ]. He had a morbid fear of water for his entire life, and he was returning from his first-ever series of ocean voyages. The ship broke in two parts and only one sank (along with 80 passengers). Ironically, the part of the ship that contained his cabin did not sink and was towed to port, with most of the passengers on board. Granados and his wife left six children: Eduard (a musician), Solita, Enrique (a swimming champion), Víctor, Natàlia, and Francisco.


== Music and influence == == Music and influence ==
Granados wrote piano music, ] (a ], a piano trio, music for violin and piano), songs, ]s, and an orchestral ] based on Dante's '']''. Many of his piano compositions have been transcribed for the classical guitar; examples include ''Dedicatoria'', ''Danza No. 5'', and ''Goyescas''.
{{listen
|filename=20091104 Sharon Isbin - Enrique Granados, Spanish Dance number 5 of 12, 1890 edit 1.ogg
|title="Danza No. 5" (1890)
|description=Granados' "Danza No. 5" is one of the 12 danzas españolas (1890) for piano. It is commonly ] for classical guitar as presented here by ] at the ] Classical Music Student Workshop Concert (2009-11-04)
|pos=left
|filetype=]}}
Granados wrote piano music, ] (a ], a piano trio, music for violin and piano), songs, zarzuelas, and an orchestral ] based on Dante's ]. Many of his piano compositions have been transcribed for the classical guitar: examples include ''Dedicatoria'', ''Danza No. 5'', ''Goyescas''.


His music can be divided into three styles or periods:
Granados was an important influence on at least two other important Spanish composers and musicians, ] and ]. He was also the teacher of composer ].
#A romantic style including such pieces as ''Escenas Románticas'' and ''Escenas Poeticas''.
#A more typically nationalist, Spanish style including such pieces as ''Danzas Españolas'' (Spanish Dances), ''6 Piezas sobre cantos populares españoles'' (Six Pieces based on popular Spanish songs).
#The Goya (Goyesca) period, which includes the piano suite ''Goyescas'', the opera ''Goyescas'', various ''Tonadillas'' for voice and piano, and other works.

Granados was a significant influence on at least two other famous Spanish composers and musicians, ] and ]. He was also the teacher of composer ].


== Some important works == == Some important works ==
{{Main|List of compositions by Enrique Granados}}
]

*''12 danzas españolas'' (1890) for piano. The contents of the four volumes are: Vol. 1: Galante (or Minueto), Orientale, Fandango (or Zarabanda); Vol. 2: Villanesca; Andaluza (or Playera); Rondalla aragonesa (or Jota); Vol. 3: Valenciana; ] (or Asturiana); Romántica (or Mazurca); Vol. 4: Melancólica (or Danza Triste); Zambra; Arabesca.
*''12 danzas españolas'' (1890) for piano; Op. 37, H. 142, DLR 1:2. The contents of the four volumes are: Vol. 1: Galante (or ]o), Oriental, ] (or ]); Vol. 2: ]; Andaluza (or Playera); Rondalla aragonesa (or ]); Vol. 3: Valenciana; ] (or Asturiana); Romántica (or Mazurca); Vol. 4: Melancólica (or Danza Triste); ]; ].
*'']'' (1898), opera *'']'' (1898), opera
*''Allegro de concierto'' (1903) *] (1904)
*''Escenas románticas'' (1903) for piano. The individual "scenes" are: Mazurca; Berceuse; Allegretto; Mazurka; Allegro appassionato; Epílogo *''Escenas románticas'' (1903) for piano. The individual "scenes" are: Mazurca; ]; Allegretto; Mazurka; Allegro appassionato; Epílogo
*''Dante'' (1908), ] *''Dante'' (1908), ]
*''Tonadillas al estilo antiguo, H136'' (1910) for voice and piano, settings of a group of poems by ]. Titles of individual songs in the collection are: 1.Amor y odio; 2.Callejeo; 3.El majo discreto; 4.El majo olvidado; 5.El majo tímido; 6.El mirar de la maja; 7.El tra-la-la y el punteado; 8.La maja de Goya; 9.La maja dolorosa I (Oh muerte cruel!), II (Ay majo de mi vida!), y III (De aquel majo amante); 10.La currutacas modestas (duet). *''Tonadillas al estilo antiguo, H136'' (1910) for voice and piano, settings of a group of poems by {{ill|Fernando Periquet|es|Fernando Periquet Zuaznábar}}. Titles of individual songs in the collection are: "Amor y odio"; "Callejeo"; "El majo discreto"; "El majo olvidado"; "El majo tímido"; "El mirar de la maja"; "El tra-la-la y el punteado"; "La maja de Goya"; "La maja dolorosa I (Oh muerte cruel!), II (Ay majo de mi vida!), and III (De aquel majo amante)"; "La currutacas modestas" (duet).
*''Canciones españolas'' for voice and piano. Titles of individual songs in the collection (perhaps in the right order) are: Yo no tengo quien me llore; Cantar I; Por una mirada, un mundo; Si al retiro me llavas...; Canción; Serenata; Canto gitano. *''Canciones españolas'' for voice and piano. Titles of individual songs in the collection are: "Yo no tengo quien me llore"; "Cantar I"; "Por una mirada, un mundo"; "Si al retiro me llevas..."; "Canción"; "Serenata"; "Canto gitano".
*''Cançons catalanas'' for voice and piano. Titles of individual songs in the collection (perhaps in the right order) are: L'ocell profeta; Elegia eterna; Cançó de Gener; Cançó d'amor; Cançoneta; La boira. *''Cançons catalanas'' for voice and piano. Titles of individual songs in the collection are: "L'ocell profeta"; "Elegía eterna"; "Cançó de Gener"; "Cançó d'amor"; "Cançoneta"; "La boira".
*'']'' (1911), suite for piano, subtitled "Los majos enamorados". It consists of 6 pieces in 2 books. Movements are: Book 1: Los requiebros; Coloquio en la reja; El fandango de candil; Quejas ó La maja y el ruiseñor; Book 2: El amor y la muerte; Epilogo (Serenata del espectro). El pelele, although not published as part of the Goyescas, is usually appended to it. In performance it is played as the seventh and last piece. It is based on the music of the opening scene of the opera Goyescas, in which a "pelele" is being tossed in the air by the "majas." *'']'' (1911), suite for piano, subtitled "Los majos enamorados". It consists of six pieces in two books. Movements are: Book 1: "Los requiebros"; "Coloquio en la reja"; "El fandango de candil"; "Quejas o La maja y el ruiseñor"; Book 2: "El amor y la muerte"; "Epílogo (Serenata del espectro)". "El pelele", although not published as part of the ''Goyescas'', is usually appended to it. In performance it is played as the seventh and last piece. It is based on the music of the opening scene of Granados's opera ''Goyescas'', in which a "pelele" is being tossed in the air by the "majas".
*''Bocetos'' (1912) which contains: Despertar del cazador; El hada y el niño; Vals muy lento; La campana de la tarde *''Bocetos'' (1912) which contains: "Despertar del cazador"; "El hada y el niño"; "Vals muy lento"; "La campana de la tarde".
*''Colección de canciones amatorias'' (1915) for voice and piano. Titles of individual songs in the collection are: Descúbrase el pensamiento de mi secreto cuidado; Mañanica era; Llorad, corazón, que tenéis razón 'Lloraba la niña'; Mira que soy niña; Iban al pinar 'Serranas de Cuenca'; Gracia mía. *''Colección de canciones amatorias'' (1915) for voice and piano. Titles of individual songs in the collection are: "Descúbrase el pensamiento de mi secreto cuidado"; "Mañanica era"; "Llorad, corazón, que tenéis razón 'Lloraba la niña'"; "Mira que soy niña"; "No lloréis, ojuelos"; "Iban al pinar 'Serranas de Cuenca'"; "Gracia mía".
*'']'', opera, 1916 *'']'', opera, 1916
*''6 Estudios expresivos'' *''6 Estudios expresivos''
*''6 Piezas sobre cantos populares españoles'', which include: Añoranza; Ecos de la parranda; Vascongada; Marcha oriental; Zambra; Zapateado *''6 Piezas sobre cantos populares españoles'', which include: "Añoranza"; "Ecos de la parranda"; "Vascongada"; "Marcha oriental"; "Zambra"; "Zapateado"
*''Madrigal'', for cello and piano *''Madrigal'', for cello and piano
*''8 Valses Poéticos'', for Piano, including No 6 ''Vals Poético'' *''8 Valses Poéticos'', for piano, including No 6 "Vals Poético"
*''Trio'', for piano, violin, and cello. *''Trío'', for piano, violin, and cello
*"Military March", for piano, Op.38


==Media== == Media ==
{{listen
{{listen|filename=Enrique Granados - danza espanola, op. 37, h. 142 - xii. arabesca.ogg|title=danza española, op. 37, h. 142 – xii. arabesca|description=Performed by William Riley. Courtesy of |format=]}}
|filename=20091104 Sharon Isbin - Enrique Granados, Spanish Dance number 5 of 12, 1890 edit 1.ogg

|title="Danza No. 5" (1890)
==References and further reading==
|description=Granados' "Danza No. 5" is one of the 12 danzas españolas (1890) for piano. It is commonly ] for classical guitar as presented here by ] at the ] Classical Music Student Workshop Concert (2009-11-04)
|pos=left
|filetype=]}}
{{listen|filename=Enrique Granados - danza espanola, op. 37, h. 142 - xii. arabesca.ogg|title=Danza Española, op. 37, h. 142 – XII. Arabesca|description=Performed by William Riley|format=]}}
{{clear}}


== References ==
*{{es}} ''Papeles íntimos de Enrique Granados''. ], Amigos de Granados, 1966.
* Enrique Granados, in ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980. ISBN 1-56159-174-2
*{{es}} ''Comentaris a la gravació de la suite "Goyescas" per a piano''. ], RCA Records, Madrid, 1980. D.L. M 8232-80
*{{es}} ''Historia de la Música Española. Siglo XIX''. ], Alianza Música, 1984. ISBN 84-206-8505-4
*{{es}} ''Enrique Granados (su obra para piano)''. 2 vols. ], Editorial Alpuerto, 1985-1986. ISBN 84-381-00-99-6 i 84-3810101-1
*{{ca}} ''Granados''. ], Nou Art Thor, 1988. ISBN 84-7327-173-4.
*Enrique Granados; Poet of the Piano. ], Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN 978-0-19-514066-8
* The Fallen Nightingale, ], Swan Books, 2005. ISBN 1-59298-071-6


==References== === Notes ===
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}


=== Sources and further reading ===
== External links ==
* {{Cite book|last=Clark|first=Walter Aaron|title=Enrique Granados: Poet Of The Piano|date=2005|publisher=]|isbn=0195140664|pages=55–57}}
{{commons category}}
* {{Cite book|last=Milton|first=John W.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58522918|title=The Fallen Nightingale|year=2005|isbn=1-59298-071-6|location=Edina, MN|oclc=58522918}}
*
* {{cite Grove|last=Larrad|first=Mark|date=2007|title=Granados (y Campiña), Enrique |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.11603|url-access=subscription}}
* – Free Scores by Granados
* {{Cite book|last=Hess, Carol A.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/615629336|title=Enrique Granados: A Bio-Bibliography|date=1991|publisher=]|isbn=978-0-313-36920-9|location=New York|oclc=615629336}}
*
* San-Juan, Pablo Vila: ''Papeles íntimos de Enrique Granados''. Amigos de Granados, 1966. {{in lang|es}}
* {{IMSLP|id=Granados%2C_Enrique|cname=Enrique Granados}}
* Perandones, Miriam: "El compositor catalán Enrique Granados Análisis de tres canciones de concierto: ''La boyra'' (1900), ''Cansó d’amor'' (1902) y ''Elegia eterna'' (1912)". ''Recerca musicològica,'' nos. 20–21, 2013–2014, pp.&nbsp;277–304 {{in lang|es}}
* Perandones, Miriam: "La canción de Enrique Granados: un microcosmos estilístico", ''Cuadernos de música iberoamericana'', Vol. 22, 2011, pp.&nbsp;151–186 {{in lang|es}}
* Perandones, Miriam: "Enrique Granados en París: la construcción de un icono español en el ámbito musical internacional", ''Revista de Musicología'', Vol. 34, Nº 1, 2011, págs. 203–232. {{in lang|es}}
* Perandones, Miriam: "Estancia y recepción de Enrique Granados en Nueva York (1915–1916) desde la perspectiva de su epistolario inédito", ''Revista de Musicología'', Vol. 32, Nº 1, 2009, pp.&nbsp;281–295. {{in lang|es}}
* ''Comentaris a la gravació de la suite "Goyescas" per a piano''. Joaquín Achúcarro, RCA Records, Madrid, 1980. D.L. M 8232-80 {{in lang|es}}
* ''Historia de la Música Española. Siglo XIX''. Carlos Gómez Amat, Alianza Música, 1984. {{ISBN|84-206-8505-4}} {{in lang|es}}
* ''Enrique Granados (su obra para piano)''. 2 vols. Antonio Iglesias, Editorial Alpuerto, 1985–1986. {{ISBN|84-381-00-99-6}} i 84-3810101-1 {{in lang|es}}
* ''Granados''. Antoni Carreras i Granados, Nou Art Thor, 1988. {{ISBN|84-7327-173-4}}. {{in lang|ca}}


== Recordings by Granados == == Recordings ==
* as recorded by Granados on piano roll, c. 1913, Paris () * as recorded by Granados on piano roll, c. 1913, Paris ()
*''L'escola pianística catalana (Enregistraments històrics) ''() *''L'escola pianística catalana (Enregistraments històrics) ''()
*''Enrique Granados today playing his 1913 interpretations'' ( *''Enrique Granados today playing his 1913 interpretations'' (
*''Enrique Granados: Composer as Pianist'' (, PIR0002) {{ASIN|B000051ZMS}} *''Enrique Granados: Composer as Pianist'' (, PIR0002) {{ASIN|B000051ZMS}}
Line 131: Line 93:
*''The Catalan Piano Tradition'' () {{ASIN|B000003LIC}} *''The Catalan Piano Tradition'' () {{ASIN|B000003LIC}}
*''Rollos de Pianola (Obras de Albéniz, Granados, Turina, Ocón, Chapí, Alonso y Otros)'' () {{ASIN|B000GI34D6}} *''Rollos de Pianola (Obras de Albéniz, Granados, Turina, Ocón, Chapí, Alonso y Otros)'' () {{ASIN|B000GI34D6}}
* () * ()


== External links ==
{{Authority control|VIAF=59269676}}
{{commons category}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. -->
*
| NAME = Granados Campiña, Enrique
* – Free Scores by Granados
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
*
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
* {{IMSLP|id=Granados%2C_Enrique|cname=Enrique Granados}}
| DATE OF BIRTH = 27 July 1867

| PLACE OF BIRTH = ], Spain
{{Enrique Granados}}
| DATE OF DEATH = 24 March 1916
{{Musical nationalism}}
| PLACE OF DEATH = ], on the way from ] to ]
{{Authority control}}
}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Granados, Enrique}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Granados, Enrique}}
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Latest revision as of 05:07, 8 December 2024

Spanish pianist and composer For other people with the same name, see Enrique Granados (swimmer) and Enrique Granados (water polo).
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In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Granados and the second or maternal family name is Campiña.

Enrique Granados

Pantaleón Enrique Joaquín Granados Campiña (27 July 1867 – 24 March 1916), commonly known as Enrique Granados in Spanish or Enric Granados in Catalan, was a Spanish composer of classical music, and concert pianist from Catalonia, Spain. His most well-known works include Goyescas, the Spanish Dances [es], and María del Carmen.

Life

Enrique Granados and Andrés de Segurola in 1915

Pantaleón Enrique Joaquín Granados Campiña was born in Lleida, Spain, the son of Calixto José de la Trinidad Granados y Armenteros, a Spanish army captain who was born in Havana, Cuba, and Enriqueta Elvira Campiña de Herrera, from Santander, Spain. As a young man he studied piano in Barcelona, where his teachers included Francisco Jurnet and Joan Baptista Pujol. In 1887 he went to Paris to study. He was unable to become a student at the Paris Conservatoire, but he was able to take private lessons with a conservatoire professor, Charles-Wilfrid de Bériot, whose mother, the soprano Maria Malibran, was of Spanish ancestry. Bériot insisted on extreme refinement in tone production, which strongly influenced Granados's teaching of pedal technique. He also fostered Granados's abilities in improvisation. Just as important were his studies with Felip Pedrell. He returned to Barcelona in 1889. His first successes were at the end of the 1890s, with the opera María del Carmen, which attracted the attention of King Alfonso XIII.

In 1903, Granados participated in a competition organized by Tomás Bretón of the Madrid Royal Conservatory, which awarded a considerable sum of 500 pesetas for the best "concert allegro" for solo piano. Granados submitted his Allegro de concierto, Op. 46, for which the jury declared him the winner with an almost unanimous vote. The win brought Granados to national attention.

In 1911 Granados premiered his suite for piano Goyescas, which became his most famous work. It is a set of six pieces based on paintings of Francisco Goya. Such was the success of this work that he was encouraged to expand it. He wrote an opera based on the subject in 1914, but the outbreak of World War I forced the European premiere to be canceled. It was performed for the first time in New York City on 28 January 1916 and was very well received. Shortly afterwards, he was invited to perform a piano recital for President Woodrow Wilson. Before leaving New York, Granados also made live-recorded player piano music rolls for the New-York-based Aeolian Company's "Duo-Art" system, all of which survive today and can be heard – his last recordings.

Death

A delay in New York, incurred by accepting a recital invitation, caused him to miss his boat back to Spain. Instead, he took a ship to England, where he boarded the passenger ferry SS Sussex for Dieppe, France. On the way across the English Channel, the Sussex was torpedoed by a German U-boat, as part of the German World War I policy of unrestricted submarine warfare. According to witness Daniel Sargent, Granados's wife, Amparo, was too heavy to get into a lifeboat. Granados refused to leave her and positioned her on a small life raft on which she knelt and he clung. Both then drowned within sight of other passengers. However, according to a different account from another survivor, "A survivor of the 1916 torpedo attack on a Cross channel ferry, Sussex, recognised Spanish composer Granados in a lifeboat, his wife in the water. Granados dived in to save her and perished."

The personal papers of Enrique Granados are preserved in, among other institutions, the National Library of Catalonia.

Music and influence

Granados wrote piano music, chamber music (a piano quintet, a piano trio, music for violin and piano), songs, zarzuelas, and an orchestral tone poem based on Dante's Divine Comedy. Many of his piano compositions have been transcribed for the classical guitar; examples include Dedicatoria, Danza No. 5, and Goyescas.

His music can be divided into three styles or periods:

  1. A romantic style including such pieces as Escenas Románticas and Escenas Poeticas.
  2. A more typically nationalist, Spanish style including such pieces as Danzas Españolas (Spanish Dances), 6 Piezas sobre cantos populares españoles (Six Pieces based on popular Spanish songs).
  3. The Goya (Goyesca) period, which includes the piano suite Goyescas, the opera Goyescas, various Tonadillas for voice and piano, and other works.

Granados was a significant influence on at least two other famous Spanish composers and musicians, Manuel de Falla and Pablo Casals. He was also the teacher of composer Rosa García Ascot.

Some important works

Main article: List of compositions by Enrique Granados
  • 12 danzas españolas (1890) for piano; Op. 37, H. 142, DLR 1:2. The contents of the four volumes are: Vol. 1: Galante (or Minueto), Oriental, Fandango (or Zarabanda); Vol. 2: Villanesca; Andaluza (or Playera); Rondalla aragonesa (or Jota); Vol. 3: Valenciana; Sardana (or Asturiana); Romántica (or Mazurca); Vol. 4: Melancólica (or Danza Triste); Zambra; Arabesca.
  • María del Carmen (1898), opera
  • Allegro de concierto (1904)
  • Escenas románticas (1903) for piano. The individual "scenes" are: Mazurca; Berceuse; Allegretto; Mazurka; Allegro appassionato; Epílogo
  • Dante (1908), symphonic poem
  • Tonadillas al estilo antiguo, H136 (1910) for voice and piano, settings of a group of poems by Fernando Periquet [es]. Titles of individual songs in the collection are: "Amor y odio"; "Callejeo"; "El majo discreto"; "El majo olvidado"; "El majo tímido"; "El mirar de la maja"; "El tra-la-la y el punteado"; "La maja de Goya"; "La maja dolorosa I (Oh muerte cruel!), II (Ay majo de mi vida!), and III (De aquel majo amante)"; "La currutacas modestas" (duet).
  • Canciones españolas for voice and piano. Titles of individual songs in the collection are: "Yo no tengo quien me llore"; "Cantar I"; "Por una mirada, un mundo"; "Si al retiro me llevas..."; "Canción"; "Serenata"; "Canto gitano".
  • Cançons catalanas for voice and piano. Titles of individual songs in the collection are: "L'ocell profeta"; "Elegía eterna"; "Cançó de Gener"; "Cançó d'amor"; "Cançoneta"; "La boira".
  • Goyescas (1911), suite for piano, subtitled "Los majos enamorados". It consists of six pieces in two books. Movements are: Book 1: "Los requiebros"; "Coloquio en la reja"; "El fandango de candil"; "Quejas o La maja y el ruiseñor"; Book 2: "El amor y la muerte"; "Epílogo (Serenata del espectro)". "El pelele", although not published as part of the Goyescas, is usually appended to it. In performance it is played as the seventh and last piece. It is based on the music of the opening scene of Granados's opera Goyescas, in which a "pelele" is being tossed in the air by the "majas".
  • Bocetos (1912) which contains: "Despertar del cazador"; "El hada y el niño"; "Vals muy lento"; "La campana de la tarde".
  • Colección de canciones amatorias (1915) for voice and piano. Titles of individual songs in the collection are: "Descúbrase el pensamiento de mi secreto cuidado"; "Mañanica era"; "Llorad, corazón, que tenéis razón 'Lloraba la niña'"; "Mira que soy niña"; "No lloréis, ojuelos"; "Iban al pinar 'Serranas de Cuenca'"; "Gracia mía".
  • Goyescas, opera, 1916
  • 6 Estudios expresivos
  • 6 Piezas sobre cantos populares españoles, which include: "Añoranza"; "Ecos de la parranda"; "Vascongada"; "Marcha oriental"; "Zambra"; "Zapateado"
  • Madrigal, for cello and piano
  • 8 Valses Poéticos, for piano, including No 6 "Vals Poético"
  • Trío, for piano, violin, and cello
  • "Military March", for piano, Op.38

Media

"Danza No. 5" (1890) Granados' "Danza No. 5" is one of the 12 danzas españolas (1890) for piano. It is commonly transcribed for classical guitar as presented here by Sharon Isbin at the White House Classical Music Student Workshop Concert (2009-11-04)
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Danza Española, op. 37, h. 142 – XII. Arabesca Performed by William Riley
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References

Notes

  1. Larrad 2007.
  2. Harumi Kurihara, Selected Intermediate-Level Solo Piano Music of Enrique Granados: A Pedagogical Analysis
  3. Clark 2005, p. 55–57.
  4. Daniel Sargent, quoted in Lyn MacDonald, The Roses of No Man's Land. London: Macmillan, 1980. p. 141. A photograph of the empty drifting raft is among plates between pp. 64–5.
  5. David Walton, The Last Journey of Enrique Granados. Opus Publications p. 71.

Sources and further reading

  • Clark, Walter Aaron (2005). Enrique Granados: Poet Of The Piano. Oxford University Press. pp. 55–57. ISBN 0195140664.
  • Milton, John W. (2005). The Fallen Nightingale. Edina, MN. ISBN 1-59298-071-6. OCLC 58522918.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Larrad, Mark (2007). "Granados (y Campiña), Enrique [Enríc]". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
  • Hess, Carol A. (1991). Enrique Granados: A Bio-Bibliography. New York: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-36920-9. OCLC 615629336.
  • San-Juan, Pablo Vila: Papeles íntimos de Enrique Granados. Amigos de Granados, 1966. (in Spanish)
  • Perandones, Miriam: "El compositor catalán Enrique Granados Análisis de tres canciones de concierto: La boyra (1900), Cansó d’amor (1902) y Elegia eterna (1912)". Recerca musicològica, nos. 20–21, 2013–2014, pp. 277–304 (in Spanish)
  • Perandones, Miriam: "La canción de Enrique Granados: un microcosmos estilístico", Cuadernos de música iberoamericana, Vol. 22, 2011, pp. 151–186 (in Spanish)
  • Perandones, Miriam: "Enrique Granados en París: la construcción de un icono español en el ámbito musical internacional", Revista de Musicología, Vol. 34, Nº 1, 2011, págs. 203–232. (in Spanish)
  • Perandones, Miriam: "Estancia y recepción de Enrique Granados en Nueva York (1915–1916) desde la perspectiva de su epistolario inédito", Revista de Musicología, Vol. 32, Nº 1, 2009, pp. 281–295. (in Spanish)
  • Comentaris a la gravació de la suite "Goyescas" per a piano. Joaquín Achúcarro, RCA Records, Madrid, 1980. D.L. M 8232-80 (in Spanish)
  • Historia de la Música Española. Siglo XIX. Carlos Gómez Amat, Alianza Música, 1984. ISBN 84-206-8505-4 (in Spanish)
  • Enrique Granados (su obra para piano). 2 vols. Antonio Iglesias, Editorial Alpuerto, 1985–1986. ISBN 84-381-00-99-6 i 84-3810101-1 (in Spanish)
  • Granados. Antoni Carreras i Granados, Nou Art Thor, 1988. ISBN 84-7327-173-4. (in Catalan)

Recordings

External links

Enrique Granados
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