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{{Infobox settlement
]
| name = Marmara
| native_name = ''Marmara Bölgesi''
| native_name_lang = tr
| settlement_type = ]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image|total_width=280px|perrow=1/2/2/1|border=infobox
| image1 = Bosphorus Bridge (235499411).jpeg
| alt1 = Bosphorus Bridge
| image2 = Turkey-3019 - Hagia Sophia (2216460729).jpg
| alt2 = Hagia Sophia
| image3 = Maiden tower.JPG
| alt3 = Maiden Tower in Istanul
| image4 = Istanbul asv2020-02 img61 Ortaköy Mosque.jpg
| alt4 = Ortaköy Mosque in Istanbul
| image5 = View of Levent financial district from Istanbul Sapphire.jpg
| alt5 = Levent financial district from Istanbul Sapphire
| image6 = Istanbul asv2020-02 img47 Galata Tower.jpg
| alt6 = Galata towwer in Istanbul
}}
| image_flag =
| flag_size =
| image_shield =
| shield_size =
| blank_emblem_type =
| image_map = Marmara Region in Turkey.svg
| map_caption =
| motto =
| coordinates = {{Coord|41|00|N|29|00|E|type:adm1st_region:TR|display=it}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = ]
| seat_type = Capital
| seat = ]
| parts_type = ]
| parts_style = list
| parts = 11
| p1 = ]
| p2 = ]
| p3 = ]
| p4 = ]
| p5 = ]
| p6 = ]
| p7 = ]
| p8 = ]
| p9 = ]
| p10 = ]
| p11 = ]
| p12 =
| p13 =
| p14 =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 67,000
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_rank = 6th
| population_footnotes = (INSEE)
| population_total = 27,050,405
| population_as_of = Jan. 2022
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank = 1st
| population_demonym = {{langx|tr|Marmaralı}}
| demographics_type1 = GDP
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Statistics by Theme > National Accounts > Regional Accounts |url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/ilgosterge/?locale=tr |access-date=11 May 2023 |website=www.turkstat.gov.tr}}</ref>
|demographics1_title1 = Total
|demographics1_info1 = US$ 367.040 billion (2022)
| demographics1_title2 = Per capita
|demographics1_info2 = US$ 13,569 (2022)
| timezone1 = ]
| utc_offset1 = +03:00
| timezone1_DST = ]
| utc_offset1_DST = +03:00
| blank_name_sec2 = ]
| blank_info_sec2 = TR1
| website = {{url|https://marmara.gov.tr}}
| iso_code = TR-IDF
| footnotes =
}}


The '''Marmara Region''' (]: ''Marmara Bölgesi'') is a ] of ]. The '''Marmara region''' (]: ''Marmara Bölgesi'') is a ] of ].


It is bordered by ] and the ] to the west, ] and the ] to the north, ] to the east, ] to the southeast, ] to the south. At the center of the region is the ], which gives the region its name. Located in ], it is bordered by ] and the ] to the west, ] and the ] to the north, the ] to the east, and the ] to the south. At the center of the region is the ], which gives the region its name. The largest city in the region is ]. Other big cities are ], ], ], ], ] and ].


Among the seven geographical regions, the Marmara Region has the smallest area, yet the largest population; thus, it is the most densely populated region. Among the seven geographical regions, the Marmara region has the second-smallest area, yet the largest population; it is the most densely populated region in the country.

== Etymology ==
The name of the region comes from the Marmara Sea which is named after the Marmaros island, now connected to ]. "Marmaros" means "marble" in Greek. This name was given to the island because of the significant amount of marble found there. Over time, this name also came to be used for the sea itself.

The ] named the Marmara Sea "Propontis" by combining two words: "pro" and "pontis". In ], "pro" means "before" and "pontis" means "sea." They chose this name because they used to sail on the ] to reach the ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Importance of the Marmara Sea and Region for Turkey - Istanbul Property |url=https://istanbulproperty.com/blog/living-in-turkey/the-importance-of-the-marmara-sea-and-region-for-turkey |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=istanbulproperty.com}}</ref>] taken from ]. From left to right you can see the asian side of the city, ], ], the ], ] and the ].]]
] from the hills near ], the ancient ]n ]]]
] General View]]
], ]]]
]]]


== Subdivision == == Subdivision ==
* '''Çatalca - Kocaeli''' Section ({{langx|tr|Çatalca - Kocaeli Bölümü}})
** '''Adapazarı''' Area ({{langx|tr|Adapazarı Yöresi}})
** '''Istanbul''' Area ({{langx|tr|Istanbul Yöresi}})
* '''Ergene''' Section ({{langx|tr|Ergene Yöresi}})
* '''Southern Marmara''' Section ({{langx|tr|Güney Marmara Bölümü}})
** '''Biga - Gallipoli''' Area ({{langx|tr|Biga - Gelibolu Yöresi}})
** '''Bursa''' Area ({{langx|tr|Bursa Yöresi}})
** '''Karesi''' Area ({{langx|tr|Karesi Yöresi}})
** '''Samanlı''' Area ({{langx|tr|Samanlı Yöresi}})
* '''Yıldız''' Section ({{langx|tr|Yıldız Bölümü}})


== Ecoregions ==
* '''Çatalca - Kocaeli''' Section
{{Main|List of ecoregions in Turkey}}
**'''Adapazarı''' Area
**'''Istanbul''' Area
* '''Ergene''' Section
* '''Southern Marmara''' Section
**'''Biga - Gallipoli''' Area
**'''Bursa''' Area
**'''Karesi''' Area
**'''Samanlı''' Area
* '''Yıldız''' Section


==Geography== === Terrestrial ===
The ] and ] are in the Marmara Region. Islands in the Aegean Sea are ] and ], and in the Sea of Marmara are ], ], ], ] and the ] of ].


===Climate=== ==== ] ====
===== ] =====


* ]
{{climate chart
* ]
|]
|3.4|9.6|95.3
|3.4|10.3|76.8
|5.0|13.1|71.2
|8.8|18.3|55.8
|12.8|23.1|45.0
|16.9|27.5|49.5
|19.2|29.4|42.6
|19.4|29.4|52.8
|16.0|25.7|51.2
|12.5|20.6|91.7
|8.3|15.7|88.5
|5.4|11.5|106.8
|float=right|clear=none
|source= Turkish State Meteorology <ref></ref>
}}


===== ] =====
The Marmara region has a hybrid ]/] on the Aegean Sea coast and the south Marmara Sea coast, an ] on the Black Sea coast and a ] in the interior. Summers are warm to hot, humid and moderately dry whereas winters are cold and wet and sometimes snowy.
* ] (])


===== ] =====
===History===
* ]
* ]


== Provinces ==
Although the first inhabitants of the Marmara region were various Indo-European tribes, the area is best known for being a focus of intense settlement by the inhabitants of ]. The famed city of ], center of the ], was located in the region. It was also involved in the Persian wars, with various parts being split between the ] and the ]. The region was later conquered by the ]. After Emperor ] converted to Christianity, the region quickly became a center of the Christian faith. Its most important city, ], was a stronghold of the Christian ] even after Muslims took power in neighboring regions. The region remained predominately Christian until Muslim Turks invaded Anatolia in the late eleventh century. Afterwards, it was a territory of various Turkish and European principalities, until Constantinople was finally conquered by the ] in 1453.
{{wide image|Istanbul panorama and skyline.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|Panoramic view of Istanbul}}


Provinces that are entirely in the Marmara Region:
The region was also a major theatre of the ] from 1914-1918, as the Ottoman Empire sided with the ]. The ] in 1915 attempted to capture the ] straight by staging landings on the ] Peninsula, but the attacks failed and the troops, mostly ] divisions, were forced to evacuate in January 1916.

* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]

Provinces that are mostly in the Marmara Region:

* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
{{wide image|20120604 Edirne view from the top of the Minaret of Selimiye Mosque Edirne Turkey Panoramic.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|Panoramic view of ] from ].}}
==Geography==
The ] and ] are in the Marmara Region. Islands in the Aegean Sea are ] and ], and in the Sea of Marmara are ], ], ], ] and the ] of ].

===Climate===

The Marmara region has a borderline ] and ] on the Aegean Sea and south Marmara Sea coasts, and an ] on the Black Sea coast. Summers are warm to hot and moderately dry whereas winters are cool, wet and sometimes snowy. The coastal climate keeps the temperatures relatively mild.


==See also== ==See also==
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ] * ]


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{Reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Marmara (region)}}
* {{tr icon}}
* {{in lang|tr}}


{{Regions of Turkey}} {{Regions of Turkey}}
{{Authority control}}


]
{{coord|41|00|N|29|00|E|type:adm1st_source:itwiki|display=title}}

] ]
]

Latest revision as of 22:46, 12 December 2024

Region in Turkey
Marmara Marmara Bölgesi
Region
Bosphorus BridgeHagia SophiaMaiden Tower in IstanulOrtaköy Mosque in IstanbulLevent financial district from Istanbul SapphireGalata towwer in Istanbul
Coordinates: 41°00′N 29°00′E / 41.000°N 29.000°E / 41.000; 29.000
CountryTurkey
CapitalIstanbul
Provinces 11
Area
 • Total67,000 km (26,000 sq mi)
 • Rank6th
Population
 • Total27,050,405
 • Rank1st
 • Density400/km (1,000/sq mi)
DemonymTurkish: Marmaralı
GDP
 • TotalUS$ 367.040 billion (2022)
 • Per capitaUS$ 13,569 (2022)
Time zoneUTC+03:00 (TRT)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+03:00 (TRT)
ISO 3166 codeTR-IDF
NUTS RegionTR1
Websitemarmara.gov.tr

The Marmara region (Turkish: Marmara Bölgesi) is a geographical region of Turkey.

Located in East Thrace, it is bordered by Greece and the Aegean Sea to the west, Bulgaria and the Black Sea to the north, the Black Sea Region to the east, and the Aegean Region to the south. At the center of the region is the Sea of Marmara, which gives the region its name. The largest city in the region is Istanbul. Other big cities are Bursa, İzmit, Balıkesir, Tekirdağ, Çanakkale and Edirne.

Among the seven geographical regions, the Marmara region has the second-smallest area, yet the largest population; it is the most densely populated region in the country.

Etymology

The name of the region comes from the Marmara Sea which is named after the Marmaros island, now connected to Balıkesir. "Marmaros" means "marble" in Greek. This name was given to the island because of the significant amount of marble found there. Over time, this name also came to be used for the sea itself.

The Greeks named the Marmara Sea "Propontis" by combining two words: "pro" and "pontis". In Greek, "pro" means "before" and "pontis" means "sea." They chose this name because they used to sail on the Sea of Marmara to reach the Black Sea.

Panorama of Istanbul taken from Galata Tower. From left to right you can see the asian side of the city, Topkapi Palace, Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque, Galata Bridge and the New Mosque.
View of Bursa from the hills near Mount Uludağ, the ancient Mysian Olympus
Izmit General View
Ayvalık, Balıkesir
Çanakkale

Subdivision

  • Çatalca - Kocaeli Section (Turkish: Çatalca - Kocaeli Bölümü)
    • Adapazarı Area (Turkish: Adapazarı Yöresi)
    • Istanbul Area (Turkish: Istanbul Yöresi)
  • Ergene Section (Turkish: Ergene Yöresi)
  • Southern Marmara Section (Turkish: Güney Marmara Bölümü)
    • Biga - Gallipoli Area (Turkish: Biga - Gelibolu Yöresi)
    • Bursa Area (Turkish: Bursa Yöresi)
    • Karesi Area (Turkish: Karesi Yöresi)
    • Samanlı Area (Turkish: Samanlı Yöresi)
  • Yıldız Section (Turkish: Yıldız Bölümü)

Ecoregions

Main article: List of ecoregions in Turkey

Terrestrial

Palearctic

Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
Temperate coniferous forests
Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub

Provinces

Panoramic view of Istanbul

Provinces that are entirely in the Marmara Region:

Provinces that are mostly in the Marmara Region:

Panoramic view of Edirne from Selimiye Mosque.

Geography

The Yıldız Mountains and Uludağ are in the Marmara Region. Islands in the Aegean Sea are Gökçeada and Bozcaada, and in the Sea of Marmara are Marmara Island, Avşa, Paşalimanı, İmralı and the Princes' Islands of Istanbul.

Climate

The Marmara region has a borderline Mediterranean and humid subtropical climate on the Aegean Sea and south Marmara Sea coasts, and an oceanic climate on the Black Sea coast. Summers are warm to hot and moderately dry whereas winters are cool, wet and sometimes snowy. The coastal climate keeps the temperatures relatively mild.

See also

References

  1. "Statistics by Theme > National Accounts > Regional Accounts". www.turkstat.gov.tr. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  2. "The Importance of the Marmara Sea and Region for Turkey - Istanbul Property". istanbulproperty.com. Retrieved 2023-11-09.

External links

Geographical regions of Turkey
Turkey
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