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{{Short description|Cherokee genealogist and activist from Oklahoma}} | |||
'''David Cornsilk''' (born February 10, 1959) is the managing editor of the '']'', an independent newspaper, and one of the founders of the Cherokee National Party<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books/about/Confounding_the_color_line.html?id=jJV0AAAAMAAJ |title=Slavery in the Cherokee Nation: The Keetoowah Society and the Defining of a People, 1855-1867|author=Patrick Neal Minges|pages=1|year=2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0-415-94586-0}}</ref><ref name=Sturm>{{cite book|title=Confounding the Color Line: The Indian-Black Experience in North America|editor=James Brooks|author=Circe Sturm|chapter=Blood Politics, Racial Classification, and Cherokee National Identity: The Trials and Tribulations of the Cherokee Freedmen|pages=247–248|year=2002|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|isbn=0-8032-6194-2}}, also published as {{cite journal|title=Blood Politics, Racial Classification, and Cherokee National Identity: The Trials and Tribulations of the Cherokee Freedmen|author=Circe Sturm|journal=American Indian Quarterly|volume=22|issue=1/2|date=Winter–Spring 1998|pages=230–258|jstor=1185118}}</ref> He is a ] ], and a dual member of the ]. | |||
{{Infobox officeholder | |||
|name = David Cornsilk | |||
|image = | |||
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1959|2|10}} | |||
|birth_place = ], U.S. | |||
|death_date = | |||
|death_place = | |||
|party = | |||
|education = ] (]) | |||
}} | |||
'''David Cornsilk''' (] and ]) is a professional ] and served as the managing editor of the ''Cherokee Observer'', an online news website founded in 1992.<ref>{{cite journal|title=A case study of two Cherokee newspapers and their fight against censorship.|author=Evans, Desiree Y.|publisher=Baylor University. Dept. of Journalism.|date=2006-07-22|hdl=2104/3907}}</ref> He founded of the grassroots Cherokee National Party in the 1990s, seeking to create a movement to promote the Nation as a political entity.<ref name="sturm98"/> While working as a full-time store clerk at Petsmart, he "took on America’s second-largest Indian tribe, the Cherokee Nation, in what led to a landmark tribal decision. Cornsilk served as a lay advocate, which permits non-lawyers to try cases before the Cherokee Nation’s highest court."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Barbery|first=Marcos|title=FROM ONE FIRE|url=https://thislandpress.com/2013/05/16/cherokee-freedman/}}</ref> Cornsilk had worked for the nation as a tribal enrollment research analyst and for the ] as a genealogical researcher. He also has his own genealogical firm.<ref name="andrea"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715021145/http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2015/07/10/open-letter-defenders-andrea-smith-clearing-misconceptions-about-cherokee-identification |date=2015-07-15 }}, ''Indian Country Today Media Network,'' 10 July 2015, accessed 10 January 2016</ref> He ran in the ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Serrano |first1=Sara |title=Cherokee Nation candidates lining up to file |url=https://www.tahlequahdailypress.com/news/cherokee-nation-candidates-lining-up-to-file/article_fcce861a-4ce0-5b04-b7fa-a75823d2f54f.html |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=Tahlequah Daily Press |date=January 25, 2023}}</ref> He lost the election to incumbent principal chief ]<ref name="CP-Hoskin Win">{{cite news |last1=Hunter |first1=Chad |title=Unofficial vote points to landslide Hoskin re-election |url=https://www.cherokeephoenix.org/cn_election_2023/unofficial-vote-points-to-landslide-hoskin-re-election/article_ecd408f2-02ab-11ee-8ca5-431d636ba536.html |access-date=4 June 2023 |work=] |date=June 4, 2023}}</ref> | |||
==Cherokee freedmen advocacy== | |||
==Early life and education== | |||
In the longstanding ], Cornsilk has promoted inclusion of freedmen descendants in the Nation because they were made citizens in 1866 by treaty with the United States. He believes the Nation needs to stand as a political entity, be large enough to include the people in its jurisdiction, and honor its obligation to the freedmen descendants.<ref name="sturm98">, ''American Indian Quarterly'', Vol. 22, No. 1/2. (Winter – Spring, 1998), pp. 230–258</ref><ref>, University of California Press, 2002</ref> | |||
Cornsilk was born in ] as the second son of John and Tinsey Cornsilk née Carter. He is of mixed Cherokee and European ancestry. His brother, Jack Wayne Cornsilk, 13 months older, died in an automobile accident in 1975. | |||
As he wrote, | |||
<blockquote>"Anyone with some micro-thin strain of Cherokee blood should be thanking the Freedmen because they have proven that our citizenship is not based on blood or any anthropological definition of "Indian" but is a legal concept rooted in the right of the Cherokee people to determine who is and who is not a Cherokee."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cornsilk |first1=David |title=Cherokee by law in response to wannabeism |url=http://cornsilks.com/anotcherokee.htm |website=Wayback Machine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614054825/http://cornsilks.com/anotcherokee.htm |access-date=21 December 2020|archive-date=2019-06-14 }}</ref></blockquote>At the same time, he believes that the Cherokee citizens have the right to determine who shall be citizens. He was against the tribal court changing the language in the constitution to allow for ], a freedman citizen running for office on the tribal council, to be allowed to run, believing instead that it should have been put to a vote.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 July 2022 |title=Who belongs in the Cherokee Nation? |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1110422542}}</ref> | |||
== Other contributions and opinions == | |||
David Cornsilk grew up on land owned by his Cherokee grandmother in the Eldon-Titanic communities of Oklahoma on the border of Cherokee and Adair counties. His early education was at Lane School, located on the Barren Fork Creek, Oklahoma. It was a small stone building consisting of two classrooms, two teachers and a cook. By the time he was in fourth grade, the family was traveling extensively between the ] in ], and the ] in ]. David attended eight different schools in that year. | |||
Cornsilk was a delegate to the 1999 ] Constitutional Convention.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Overcoming the Politics of Reform: The Story of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma Constitutional Convention |journal=American Indian Law Review |date=2003 |volume=28 |url=https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1151&context=ailr |access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref> | |||
Cornsilk was among Indigenous writers who commented in July 2015 on the controversy over fluctuating claims to Cherokee identity by ], associate professor at ]. He rejected her claim of being able to determine independently that she was Cherokee, saying that citizenship by law and custom was based on recognition and acceptance by other Cherokee, and that the Cherokee are very well-documented people. He noted that he could find no documentation to support her claim of Cherokee ancestry.<ref name="andrea" /> Smith originally hired Cornsilk to research her family tree, but later she was outed by others after he could find no native ancestor. This prompted him to "speak publicly about his genealogical work for Smith; and with him as a key source, ''The Daily Beast'' ran an article calling Smith the "Native American Rachel Dolezal."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Viren |first1=Sarah |title=The Native Scholar Who Wasn't |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/25/magazine/cherokee-native-american-andrea-smith.html |work=New York Times |access-date=20 June 2021}}</ref> | |||
During his sophomore year, Cornsilk was selected as school mascot for the Stilwell High School Indians sports teams. In the 10th and 11th grades, he served as student delegate to the Indian Education program funded by ] federal funds. He graduated from Tahlequah High School in June 1977. After graduation, he attended ] at Tahlequah; a university he chose not only for its first-rate science department, but because it had started as a school for Cherokee. | |||
==Electoral history== | |||
During college he was highly active in campus organizations, including the Native American Student Association and student government. He was a founding member and second president of ] Biological Honor Society and twice received the ] Minority Scholarship. He graduated from Northeastern State University in May 1981 with a degree in biology-zoology emphasis and minors in chemistry and botany. | |||
{{Election box begin no party no change | |||
|title = 2023 Cherokee Nation Principal Chief Election<ref name="CP-Hoskin Win" /> | |||
}} | |||
{{Election box winning candidate no party no change | |||
|candidate = ] (incumbent) | |||
|votes = 10,556 | |||
|percentage = 62.9% | |||
}} | |||
{{Election box candidate no party no change | |||
|candidate = ] | |||
|votes = 4,008 | |||
|percentage = 23.88% | |||
}} | |||
{{Election box candidate no party no change | |||
|candidate = ] | |||
|votes = 1,673 | |||
|percentage = 9.97% | |||
}} | |||
{{Election box candidate no party no change | |||
|candidate = David Cornsilk | |||
|votes = 546 | |||
|percentage = 3.25% | |||
}} | |||
{{Election box total no party no change | |||
|votes = 16,783 | |||
|percentage = 100% | |||
}} | |||
{{Election box end}} | |||
== |
== See also == | ||
Cornsilk was hired by the Cherokee Nation as a research analyst to perform genealogical research on Cherokee families seeking registration in the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. From 1989 to 1994, he also was assistant director of admissions at ] in ] . | |||
* ] | |||
Cornsilk has supported citizenship for the ], whose status had been revoked in the 1980s. The Freedmen have challenged tribal laws and orders with litigation. Cornsilk wrote to Principal Chief ] in 1988 asking her to take a larger issue of Cherokee nationalism. | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
In 1990 he worked with John Guthrie to expose the problem of Indian art fraud in eastern Oklahoma. As hundreds of artists were claiming to be Cherokee with no proof, he and Guthrie worked to bring the issue to the attention of the public. They handed out fliers and wrote letters to the editors of local papers. Some of the purported Cherokee artists protested and one attacked Cornsilk physically, resulting in the incident being called the "Indian Art War." The US Congress passed the ]. | |||
David Cornsilk, Marvin Summerfield, and Thomas Fourkiller formed the non-profit "WhitePath Foundation" in 1991. It was the first organization to publish information on HIV/AIDS in the Cherokee language. | |||
Seeking to remain independent, the three men created an independent news outlet in 1992 for events in the Cherokee Nation and ]. They published the first issue of ''The Cherokee Observer'' in January 1993. Cornsilk was managing editor, Summerfield as language editor, and Fourkiller as religion editor. In addition, Marvin's wife Linda Summerfield became health editor, Sandra Sac Parker was a reporter, Robin Mayes a political satirist, and Franklin McLain an opinion editor. | |||
In 1995 Cornsilk filed a lawsuit on behalf of Bernice Riggs in the Cherokee district court, which was taken to the CNO Judicial Appeals Tribunal. Although Riggs lost that case, it was demonstrated in court that Riggs had documentation of Cherokee blood. This had been ignored by the ], when it classified her parents as "Freedmen" rather than "Cherokee by blood". | |||
Cornsilk left ''The Cherokee Observer'' staff in December 1999, and served as a delegate to the CNO Constitutional Convention. He had participated in all aspects of the development of the 1999 constitution as a delegate appointed by the judicial branch of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. | |||
In 2004 Cornsilk filed another case before the JAT: ''Allen v. Council'', on behalf of Lucy Allen, a ]. They won that case, which overturned the negative ruling in Riggs, and struck down CNO law that imposed requirements for membership above and beyond those set by the Constitution. | |||
Cornsilk continues to work as a political activist and lay advocate for ].<ref name=USA1>{{cite news|title=Past and future collide in fight over Cherokee identity|date=2007-02-10|author=Adam Geller, ]|work=]|url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-02-10-cherokeefight_x.htm|publisher=Gannett Co. Inc.}}</ref><ref name=MUS>{{cite book|title=Multiculturalism in the United States: Current Issues, Contemporary Voices|author=Peter Kivisto, Georganne Rundblad|pages=117|year=2000|publisher=Pine Forge Press|isbn=0-7619-8648-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|title=David Cornsilk|author=David Cornsilk|booktitle=Sixth Annual National Conference, People of Color in Predominantly White Institutions, University of Nebraska, 2001|year=2001|url=http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1034&context=pocpwi6|format=PDF}} — Cornsilk's autobiography in the conference proceedings</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Why do you think we call it struggle?|author=Faith Attaguile|work=|publisher=American Indian Movement of Colorado|url=http://coloradoaim.org/why.html|date=2005-11-27}}</ref> | |||
===Controversy=== | |||
The ] Circe Sturm characterizes Cornsilk's involvement in the Freedmen issue as one that is driven by primarily political motives.<ref name=Sturm /> She thinks his support of recognition of the freedmen as tribal citizens would extend the Cherokee Nation's power base, and placate, possibly silence, some of its most persistent critics. According to Sturm, Cornsilk thinks that the Cherokee Nation should not use strictly racial means for identifying its citizenry. He believes these are based on a fear that Cherokee citizens of mixed European-Cherokee heritage (like himself) are in danger of being reclassified as not Cherokee. Cornsilk believes that the Cherokee Nation must resolve the issue before the U.S. government imposes a conservative definition of "Indianness," which might cause the Nation to lose over half of its citizens.<ref name=Sturm /> | |||
Cornsilk does not believe in the right of people to self-identify as Cherokee. He believes that the authority of the tribe stems from the group, and that self-identification "is an assault on the right of the group." Critics of Cornsilk on this bring up the potential dangers of the majority in a society choosing what label to bestow or rescind on a group of people, and the authoritarian power that would be needed to enforce such a system. They also point out the hypocrisy of Cornsilk's stance on the freedman issue and his prejudice against "self identifiers". <ref name=MUS /> | |||
Cornsilk has encountered considerable opposition among the Cherokee. In many people's thinking, Cherokee nationalism is closely tied to ideas of race and culture. Sturm thinks these are "misperceptions." She describes Cornsilk as an exception to the norm for the Cherokee, for his desire to put self-preservation of the Nation ahead of race or culture.<ref name=Sturm /> | |||
===Personal life=== | |||
Cornsilk lives in ]. Cornsilk and his father, John Cornsilk, are active in Cherokee Nation and United Keetoowah Band politics. They helped win citizenship rights for the ] as well as equal rights for gay Cherokee citizens.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cherokee Nation Gay Marriage Court Filings|url=http://www.cornsilks.com/gaymarriagecases.html|work=cornsilks.com|publisher=John Cornsilk}}</ref> | |||
Cornsilk creates cartoons and political satire related to Cherokee Nation politics. He and his father run the Cornsilks.com website and political blog.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cherokee Political Forum|url=http://www.cornsilks.com|work=cornsilks.com|publisher=John Cornsilk}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
==Further reading== | |||
* {{cite journal|title=A case study of two Cherokee newspapers and their fight against censorship.|author=Evans, Desiree Y.|publisher=Baylor University. Dept. of Journalism.|date=2006-07-22|id={{hdl|2104/3907}}}} — a study of ''The Cherokee Phoenix and Indian Advocate'' and ''The Cherokee Observer'' before and after the Independent Press Act of 2000, and the reasons for the latter's establishment and continued publication after the enactment of the Act | |||
* {{cite book|title=One Drop of Blood: The American Misadventure of Race|author=Scott L. Malcomson|year=2000|publisher=Diane Pub Co.|isbn=0-7567-6342-8|chapterurl=http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/m/malcomson-drop.html|chapter=An Indian Country}} | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* {{cite web|url=http://www.angelfire.com/ma/blaueslicht/page15.html|title=Bacone College}} — a picture of Cornsilk, circa 1993, in Bacone College | |||
* | |||
* | * | ||
* | |||
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. --> | |||
| NAME = Cornsilk, David | |||
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | |||
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American journalist | |||
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1959-02-10 | |||
| PLACE OF BIRTH = | |||
| DATE OF DEATH = | |||
| PLACE OF DEATH = | |||
}} | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cornsilk, David}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Cornsilk, David}} | ||
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Latest revision as of 19:33, 15 September 2024
Cherokee genealogist and activist from OklahomaDavid Cornsilk | |
---|---|
Personal details | |
Born | (1959-02-10) February 10, 1959 (age 65) Claremore, Oklahoma, U.S. |
Education | Northeastern State University, Tahlequah (BS) |
David Cornsilk (Cherokee Nation and United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians) is a professional genealogist and served as the managing editor of the Cherokee Observer, an online news website founded in 1992. He founded of the grassroots Cherokee National Party in the 1990s, seeking to create a movement to promote the Nation as a political entity. While working as a full-time store clerk at Petsmart, he "took on America’s second-largest Indian tribe, the Cherokee Nation, in what led to a landmark tribal decision. Cornsilk served as a lay advocate, which permits non-lawyers to try cases before the Cherokee Nation’s highest court." Cornsilk had worked for the nation as a tribal enrollment research analyst and for the Bureau of Indian Affairs as a genealogical researcher. He also has his own genealogical firm. He ran in the 2023 Cherokee Nation principal chief election. He lost the election to incumbent principal chief Chuck Hoskin Jr.
Cherokee freedmen advocacy
In the longstanding Cherokee freedmen controversy, Cornsilk has promoted inclusion of freedmen descendants in the Nation because they were made citizens in 1866 by treaty with the United States. He believes the Nation needs to stand as a political entity, be large enough to include the people in its jurisdiction, and honor its obligation to the freedmen descendants. As he wrote,
"Anyone with some micro-thin strain of Cherokee blood should be thanking the Freedmen because they have proven that our citizenship is not based on blood or any anthropological definition of "Indian" but is a legal concept rooted in the right of the Cherokee people to determine who is and who is not a Cherokee."
At the same time, he believes that the Cherokee citizens have the right to determine who shall be citizens. He was against the tribal court changing the language in the constitution to allow for Marilyn Vann, a freedman citizen running for office on the tribal council, to be allowed to run, believing instead that it should have been put to a vote.
Other contributions and opinions
Cornsilk was a delegate to the 1999 Cherokee Nation Constitutional Convention.
Cornsilk was among Indigenous writers who commented in July 2015 on the controversy over fluctuating claims to Cherokee identity by Andrea Smith, associate professor at University of California, Riverside. He rejected her claim of being able to determine independently that she was Cherokee, saying that citizenship by law and custom was based on recognition and acceptance by other Cherokee, and that the Cherokee are very well-documented people. He noted that he could find no documentation to support her claim of Cherokee ancestry. Smith originally hired Cornsilk to research her family tree, but later she was outed by others after he could find no native ancestor. This prompted him to "speak publicly about his genealogical work for Smith; and with him as a key source, The Daily Beast ran an article calling Smith the "Native American Rachel Dolezal."
Electoral history
Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Chuck Hoskin Jr. (incumbent) | 10,556 | 62.9% | |
Cara Cowan Watts | 4,008 | 23.88% | |
Wes Nofire | 1,673 | 9.97% | |
David Cornsilk | 546 | 3.25% | |
Total votes | 16,783 | 100% |
See also
References
- Evans, Desiree Y. (2006-07-22). "A case study of two Cherokee newspapers and their fight against censorship". Baylor University. Dept. of Journalism. hdl:2104/3907.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ Sturm, Circe. "Blood Politics, Racial Classification, and Cherokee National Identity: The Trials and Tribulations of the Cherokee Freedmen", American Indian Quarterly, Vol. 22, No. 1/2. (Winter – Spring, 1998), pp. 230–258
- Barbery, Marcos. "FROM ONE FIRE".
- ^ David Cornsilk, "An Open Letter to Defenders of Andrea Smith: Clearing Up Misconceptions about Cherokee Identification" Archived 2015-07-15 at the Wayback Machine, Indian Country Today Media Network, 10 July 2015, accessed 10 January 2016
- Serrano, Sara (January 25, 2023). "Cherokee Nation candidates lining up to file". Tahlequah Daily Press. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
- ^ Hunter, Chad (June 4, 2023). "Unofficial vote points to landslide Hoskin re-election". Cherokee Phoenix. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
- Sturm, Circe Dawn. Blood Politics: Race, Culture, and Identity in the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, University of California Press, 2002
- Cornsilk, David. "Cherokee by law in response to wannabeism". Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on 2019-06-14. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
- "Who belongs in the Cherokee Nation?". NPR. 20 July 2022.
- "Overcoming the Politics of Reform: The Story of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma Constitutional Convention". American Indian Law Review. 28. 2003. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
- Viren, Sarah. "The Native Scholar Who Wasn't". New York Times. Retrieved 20 June 2021.
External links
Categories:- 1959 births
- Activists for African-American civil rights
- Living people
- Cherokee Nation male writers
- Cherokee Nation writers
- United Keetoowah Band people
- American genealogists
- American political party founders
- 20th-century Native American writers
- 21st-century Native American writers
- Cherokee Nation politicians
- Delegates to the 1999 Cherokee Nation Constitutional Convention
- Northeastern State University alumni
- 20th-century Native American politicians