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| #REDIRECT ] | |||
| {{Use British English|date=September 2015}} | |||
| {{R from alternative name}} | |||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}} | |||
| {{current|date=September 2015}} | |||
| {{Infobox military conflict | |||
| |partof = the ] <br> and the ] | |||
| |image = ] | |||
| |caption = ] fighter bomber involved in the intervention | |||
| |date = September 30, 2015 – present ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=09|day1=30|year1=2015}}) | |||
| |place = ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| |coordinates = | |||
| |map_type = | |||
| |map_relief = | |||
| |latitude = | |||
| |longitude = | |||
| |map_size = | |||
| |map_marksize = | |||
| |map_caption = | |||
| |map_label = | |||
| |territory = | |||
| |result = | |||
| |status = ] | |||
| |combatants_header = | |||
| |combatant1 = | |||
| <small>'''Coalition of foreign countries in air war'''</small><br /> | |||
| '''{{flag|Russia|size}}'''<br /> | |||
| {{flag|Syria|size}}<br /> | |||
| {{flag|Iran}} | |||
| |combatant2 = {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} ''']'''<ref name=telegraph1oct>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/11900853/Putin-request-for-use-of-Russian-troops-in-Syria-approved-live.html|title=US and Russian military to hold urgent talks over Syria crisis after Putin defies West|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=30 September 2015}}</ref> | |||
| ---- | |||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} ''']''':<ref name=telegraph1oct/> | |||
| *{{flagicon image|Flag of Jabhat al-Nusra.jpg}} ]<ref name="Latakia">{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/russian-air-force-pounds-al-qaeda-in-latakia-and-hama/|title=Russian Air Force Pounds Al-Qaeda in Latakia and Hama|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|accessdate=1 October 2015|date=30 September 2015}}</ref> | |||
| *{{flagicon image|Flag of Ahrar ash-Sham.svg}} ]<ref name="Latakia"/> | |||
| {{flagicon image|Syria-flag 1932-58 1961-63.svg}} ]<ref name=FSA>{{cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/09/30/Russia-launches-airstrikes-against-ISIS-in-Syria.html|title=Russia unleashes first wave of airstrikes in Syria|date=30 September 2015|work=Al Arabiya}}</ref> | |||
| |commander1 = {{flagicon|Russia}} ''']'''<br>{{flagicon|Russia}} ''']'''<br>{{flagicon|Russia}} ''']'''<br>{{flagicon|Syria|size=23px}} ''']'''<br>{{flagicon|Iran}} ''']'''<br/>{{flagicon|Iran}} ''']''' | |||
| |commander2 = {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} ''']'''<br /> | |||
| {{flagdeco|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} ] | |||
| <small>(Spokesperson)</small><br /> | |||
| {{flagdeco|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} ] <small>(Replacement Military Chief)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/if-isis-leader-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi-killed-who-caliph-islamic-state-group-1721638|title=If ISIS Leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Is Killed, Who Is Caliph Of The Islamic State Group?|author=Alessandria Masi|date=November 11, 2014|work=International Business Times}}</ref><br> | |||
| {{flagdeco|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} ] | |||
| <small>(Deputy, Syria)</small><br /> | |||
| {{flagdeco|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} ] | |||
| <small>(Field commander in Syria) </small><ref name="al-Shishani dead1">{{cite news|url=http://www.el-balad.com/1244483|agency=ElBalad|title= Kadyrov Claims Red-Bearded Chechen Militant al-Shishani Dead|date=November 14, 2014}}</ref><ref name="al-Shishani dead2">{{cite news|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/kadyrov-syria-shishani-chechen-death-us-batirashvili/26690236.html|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|title= Kadyrov Says Islamic State's Leader From Georgia Killed |date=November 14, 2014}}</ref><br /> | |||
| ---- | |||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Jabhat al-Nusra.jpg}} ] <small>(Leader of the al-Nusra Front)</small> | |||
| ---- | |||
| {{flagicon image|Syria-flag 1932-58 1961-63.svg}} ] | |||
| |units1 = {{flagicon image|Banner of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (obverse).svg}} ]: | |||
| *{{flagicon image|Flag of the Air Force of the Russian Federation.svg}} ]<ref name="Latakia"/> | |||
| {{flagicon image|Syrian Armed Forces Flag.svg}} ]: | |||
| *{{flagicon image|Syrian Air Force Flag.svg}} ]<ref name="Latakia"/> | |||
| *{{flagicon image|Syrian Arab Army Flag.svg}} ]<ref name="Latakia"/> | |||
| {{flagicon image|IRGC-Seal.svg}} ]: | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| |units2 = {{flagdeco|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} ] | |||
| ---- | |||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Jabhat al-Nusra.jpg}} ]<ref name="Latakia"/><br> | |||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Ahrar ash-Sham.svg}} ]<ref name="Latakia"/><br> | |||
| {{flagicon image|Syria-flag 1932-58 1961-63.svg}} ]<ref name=reuters1oct>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/10/01/us-mideast-crisis-russia-syria-idUSKCN0RV41O20151001|title=Iran troops to join Syria war, Russia bombs group trained by CIA|work=Reuters|date=1 October 2015}}</ref> | |||
| |strength1 = | |||
| '''Coalition forces:''' | |||
| '''Russia:''' | |||
| *12 ]s | |||
| *12 ]s<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2015/09/21/these-are-the-28-jets-russia-now-has-in-syria/|title=This is the airpower Russia has in Syria|author=Thomas Gibbons-Neff|date=21 September 2015|work=Washington Post|accessdate=30 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite av media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=45&v=jeL1kdtrnQg|title=les premières images des avions russes en Syrie|date=28 September 2015|work=YouTube|accessdate=30 September 2015}}</ref> | |||
| * 6 ]s<ref>http://theaviationist.com/2015/09/29/su-34-have-arrived-in-syria/</ref> | |||
| * 4 ]s<ref> Russian Fighter Aircraft Arrive in Syria September 21, 2015, Stratfor</ref> | |||
| * 200-800 ]<ref> New York Times online</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/russian-marines-position-themselves-in-eastern-latakia/|title=Russian Marines Position Themselves in Eastern Latakia|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|date=8 September 2015|accessdate=30 September 2015}}</ref> | |||
| '''Syria:''' | |||
| *150,000 Personnel<ref name="SCMP2014">{{cite news|url= http://www.scmp.com/news/world/article/1670515/syria-increasing-efforts-build-military-after-substantial-loses | title= Syria increasing efforts to build up military after substantial loses | publisher= South China Morning Post| agency= | first1= | last1= | first2= | last2= | date= December 29, 2014 |accessdate=December 29, 2014}}</ref> | |||
| '''Iran:''' | |||
| *15,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2015/Jun-04/300520-iran-sends-15000-fighters-to-syria.ashx|title= | |||
| Iran sends 15,000 fighters to Syria|work=The Daily Star|date=4 June 2015}}</ref> | |||
| ---- | |||
| |strength2 = '''Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant:''' | |||
| * Around 100,000 fighters <small>(according to ] Chief of Staff)</small><ref name="ISIL has 200,000 fighters">{{cite news | url = http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/war-with-isis-islamic-militants-have-army-of-200000-claims-kurdish-leader-9863418.htm | title=Islamic State has 200,000 fighters, claims Kurdish leader | first =Patrick| last= Cockburn| location = ], ] | newspaper =]|date=November 16, 2014 | accessdate =December 22, 2014}}</ref> | |||
| * 3 ] or ] aircraft<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29660029 |title=Islamic State 'training pilots to fly fighter jets'|work=]|date=October 17, 2014|accessdate = October 22, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/isis-syria-news-iraqi-pilots-training-isis-fighters-fly-captured-planes-1470514 |title=ISIS Syria News: Iraqi Pilots 'Training Isis Fighters' to Fly Captured Planes|first= Gianluca| last= Mezzofiore | work = ]|date=October 17, 2014 | accessdate =October 22, 2014}}</ref> | |||
| * At least a few hundred tanks<ref name="nearly 5,000 bombs dropped on ISIL">{{cite web|url= http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/01/08/U-S-led-forces-drop-nearly-5-000-bombs-on-ISIS-.html | title =US-led forces drop nearly 5,000 bombs on ISIS |work = Al Arabiya | date =January 8, 2015 |accessdate= January 8, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/middleeast/article4226717.ece?shareToken=f90094518fabc34e4ca7f4a59e7a3990#tab-5|title=Fears of massacre as Isis tanks lead assault on Kurdish bastion|work=The Times|date=October 4, 2014}}</ref> | |||
| * 3 drones<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/24/opinion/bergen-schneider-drones-isis/|title=Now ISIS has drones?|last1=Bergen|first1=Peter|last2=Schneider|first2=Emily|publisher=CNN|date=August 24, 2014|accessdate=December 22, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/video/world/middleeast/100000003082541/footage-from-an-isis-drone.html|title=Footage From an ISIS Drone|newspaper=]|date=August 30, 2014|accessdate=November 6, 2014}}</ref><ref name="ISIS controls Kobani">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/27/world/meast/isis-british-hostage-syria-kobani/index.html?hpt=hp_t2|title=Hostage in video claims Syrian city of Kobani is under ISIS control|first=Catherine|last=E Shoichet|publisher=CNN|date=October 27, 2014|accessdate=October 27, 2014}}</ref><ref name="ISIL drone downed near Aleppo">{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-drone-downed-by-the-syrian-army-at-kuweires-airbase-in-aleppo/|title=ISIS Drone Downed by the Syrian Army at Kuweires Airbase in Aleppo|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News}}</ref> | |||
| ---- | |||
| '''al-Qaeda:''' | |||
| * al-Nusra Front: 10,000{{cn|date=September 2015}} | |||
| |casualties1 = | |||
| {{flagicon|Russia|size=23px}} '''Russia:''' | |||
| * No casualties | |||
| |casualties2 ={{flagicon|Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} '''Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant:''' | |||
| * No casualties | |||
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg|size=23px}} '''al-Qaeda:''' | |||
| * 36+ | |||
| {{flagicon image|Syria-flag 1932-58 1961-63.svg}} ] | |||
| *8 wounded <small>(acc. opposition)</small><ref name=FSA/> | |||
| |notes = | |||
| |campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Syrian uprising}} | |||
| }} | |||
| The '''Russian military intervention in Syria''', in the context of the ], started on 30 September 2015. It consisted of ]s by ] against the ] and other enemies of the ]. Prior to the intervention, ] had mainly consisted of arming the ].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://sputniknews.com/middleeast/20150909/1026775138/russia-syria-weapons.html|title = Russia Arming Syria to Counter Terrorism|date = 30 September 2015|accessdate = 30 September 2015|website = |publisher = Sputnik|last = |first = }}</ref> ] intervened after a formal request from the ] for military help against terrorists in ].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Russia carries out first air strikes in Syria|url = http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/09/russian-carries-air-strikes-syria-150930133155190.html|website = www.aljazeera.com|accessdate = 2015-10-01}}</ref> The ] continues to insist that ] ] step down and pledged continued support to the ].<ref name="bbc">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-34399164 |title=Syria crisis: Russian air strikes against Assad enemies|date= 30 September 2015 |publisher=BBC|accessdate=30 September 2015}}</ref> | |||
| ==Background== | |||
| {{see also|Russia's role in the Syrian Civil War}} | |||
| After almost a year of air strikes conducted by the ] proved to be unsuccessful against ]<ref>{{Cite news|title = Months of Airstrikes Fail to Slow Islamic State in Syria|url = http://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-led-airstrikes-fail-to-slow-islamic-state-in-syria-1421271618|newspaper = Wall Street Journal|access-date = 2015-10-01|issn = 0099-9660|first = Dion|last = Nissenbaum}}</ref>, ] an ally of ], started sending its own warplanes and equipment to an airbase near the port city of ] in ]. ] announced its own coalition against ] together with ], ] and ].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Russia, Egypt support forming anti-IS coalition with Syria's Assad|url = http://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/News/2015/8/27/Russia-Egypt-support-forming-anti-IS-coalition-with-Syrias-Assad|accessdate =1 October 2015|first = Al-Araby al-Jadeed|last = staff}}</ref> | |||
| On 30 September 2015, the ] of the ], the ] approved the request of President ] to deploy the ] in Syria.<ref name="gua">{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/30/russian-parliament-grants-vladimir-putin-right-to-deploy-military-in-syria|title=Russian parliament grants Vladimir Putin right to deploy military in Syria|author=Shaun Walker|work=The Guardian|accessdate=30 September 2015}}</ref> The ] sent a formal request to Russia for military help, after which Russia answered with its first series of air strikes against terrorists.<ref name="gua" /> | |||
| ==Operations== | |||
| {{see also|2015 Russian air raids in Syria}} | |||
| The first series of ] took place on 30 September 2015 in areas around the cities of ] and ], targeting 8 ] targets containing arms and fuel depots and military equipment. Russian warplanes attacked "] "dens" in ], ] and Zafaraniya in ]; Al-Tilol al-Hmer in ]; Aydoun, a village on the outskirts of the town of ]; Deer Foul, between ] and ]; and the outskirts of ]".<ref>{{Cite web|title = Russia launches first airstrikes in Syria - CNNPolitics.com|url = http://www.cnn.com/2015/09/30/politics/russia-syria-airstrikes-isis/index.html|website = CNN|accessdate = 2015-10-01}}</ref> In total, 20 flights were made.<ref>{{Cite web|title = 8 ISIS targets hit during 20 combat flights in Syria – Russian military|url = https://www.rt.com/news/317101-russia-isis-strikes-intelligence/|accessdate = 2015-10-01}}</ref> | |||
| According to Hezbollah media ], the ] around Jisr ash-Shugour has been bombed by Russian planes.<ref name=reuters1oct/> At least 30 air strikes were carried out.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.vice.com/article/after-denying-claims-theyre-killing-civilians-russia-has-launched-fresh-airstrikes-in-syria|title=After Denying Claims They're Killing Civilians, Russia Has Launched Fresh Airstrikes in Syria|work=Vice News}}</ref> | |||
| ==Reactions== | |||
| ;Russia | |||
| On 30 September 2015, the ] spokesman ], talking about the support of the government's action on the part of all the religious groups in Russia, said the fight against terrorism was a "moral fight, a holy fight if you will".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ren.tv/novosti/2015-09-30/vsevolod-chaplin-ob-operacii-vvs-rf-v-sirii-borba-s-terrorizmom-svyashchenna|title=Всеволод Чаплин об операции ВВС РФ в Сирии: Борьба с терроризмом – священна|work=РЕН ТВ}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article4572444.ece|title=Russian Orthodox church backs ‘holy war’ against Isis|author=Tom Parfitt|work=The Times|accessdate=1 October 2015}}</ref> Leader of the Central Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Russia, Chief Mufti ] stated: "We fully back the use of a contingent of Russian armed forces in the battle against international terrorism."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsmax.com/Headline/Syria-conflict-Russia-Church/2015/09/30/id/694042/|title=Church Says Russia Fighting 'Holy Battle' in Syria|work=Newsmax|date=30 September 2015}}</ref> | |||
| On 1 October 2015, Putin dismissed the reports of alleged casualties among civilians caused by Russian airstrikes in Syria, saying those were part of information warfare against Russia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rt.com/news/317188-putin-civilian-casualties-syria/|title=Putin: Claims Russian jets killed civilians in Syria emerged before airstrikes started|work=RT English|date=1 October 2015}}</ref> | |||
| Russian air strikes were not inflicted upon the opposition forces supported by the United States. This was stated by the intelligence staff of the U.S. air force. Air strikes hit ISIS positions as confirmed by satellite images and data of objective control, announced Russian defense Ministry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=2670598|title=Интернет запутал сам себя: по ситуации в Сирии полно фейков|work=]|date=1 October 2015}}</ref> | |||
| ;Syria | |||
| {{Expand section|date=October 2015}}<!--already welcomed the actions--> | |||
| ;Other states | |||
| On 1 October 2015, Reuters reported that ] had demanded that Russia cease its intervention, repeating claims made by Western diplomats that Russia was targeting the moderate anti-government opposition rather than "ISIS".<ref>{{Cite news|title = Saudi Arabia demands Russia end Syria raids, criticizes Iran|url = http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/10/01/us-mideast-crisis-syria-saudi-idUSKCN0RV3R520151001|work = Reuters|date =1 October 2015|accessdate =1 October 2015}}</ref> | |||
| ;Non-state actors | |||
| In response to reports of Russian intervention, the ]'s ] commander Abu Abdullah Taftanaz posted a tweet addressing the "infidel Russians", inviting them to send troops to Syria and saying that "we have thousands like ]" who would "slaughter your pigs".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/mostafta77/status/640244202572500992|title=أبو عبدالله تفتناز|work=Twitter}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/AbuJamajem/status/640526910682996736|title=Abu al-Jamajem|work=Twitter}}</ref> Abu Abdullah Taftanaz also tweeted Russian military terms for Syrian rebels to familiarize themselves with if they intercepted Russian radio chatter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/AbuJamajem/status/648294140883681280|title=Abu al-Jamajem|work=Twitter}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/mostafta77/status/648238954769186816|title=أبو عبدالله تفتناز|work=Twitter}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/mostafta77/status/648239007739060224|title=أبو عبدالله تفتناز|work=Twitter}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/mostafta77/status/648239068032159744|title=أبو عبدالله تفتناز|work=Twitter}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/mostafta77/status/648239098923249664|title=أبو عبدالله تفتناز|work=Twitter}}</ref> Reportedly Chechen and Caucasian foreign fighters have begun flocking to the coastal regions of Syria where the Russians are based in order to seek them out.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syriansnews.com/2015/09/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7/|title=مقاتلون شيشان وقوقاز يتوجهون إلى الساحل بحثا عن الجيش الروسي|author=Editor|work=أخبار السوريين}}</ref> | |||
| Ahmad Eissa al-Sheikh, a commander in ], threatened to bring upon "Russian hell in a Levantine flavor" if they encountered the Russians.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/aleesa71/status/647829856525418496|title=أبو عيسى الشيخ|work=Twitter}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/AbuJamajem/status/647935845463388160|title=Abu al-Jamajem|work=Twitter}}</ref> ] leader Abu Abdullah ash-Shami tweeted about the "globalization" of the "Levantine Jihad".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/alhakiim9988/status/648009222022565888|title=د.أبو عبدالله الشامي|work=Twitter}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/AbuJamajem/status/648324068475711488|title=Abu al-Jamajem on Twitter|work=Twitter}}</ref> He also tweeted that on the Russians and said that "The Levant will become their graveyard, with the permission of Allah".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/alhakiim9988/status/644736082337222656|title=د.أبو عبدالله الشامي on Twitter|work=Twitter}}</ref> Jabhat al-Nusra has set a reward for the seizure of Russian soldiers of 2,500,000 ] (approximately US$13,000).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/IbnNabih1/status/649319889870680064|title=Ibn Nabih|work=Twitter}}</ref> | |||
| ;Media | |||
| '']'' wrote that Putin is effectively putting a target on himself in the eyes of all ].<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/30/opinion/thomas-friedman-syria-obama-and-putin.html</ref> ] predicted a major backlash against the Russians at the hands of jihadists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voanews.com/content/russian-sir-strikes-accelerant-for-global-jihad/2986261.html|title=Russia's Syrian Strikes May Fuel Global Jihad, Experts Say|work=Voice Of America|date= 30 September 2015|accessdate=1 October 2015}}</ref> | |||
| == See also == | |||
| {{div col||30em}} | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| {{div col end}} | |||
| == References == | |||
| {{Reflist|2}} | |||
| {{Syrian civil war}} | |||
| {{portal bar|2010s|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Kurdistan|Middle East|Syria|Syrian Civil War|Terrorism|War}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
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