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{{short description|Storage vessel for oxygen}}
An '''oxygen tank''' is an ] vessel for ], which is either held under ] in ]s or as ] in a ] storage tank. An '''oxygen tank''' is an ] vessel, which is either held under ] in ]s, referred to in the industry as '''high pressure oxygen cylinders''', or as ] in a ] ].{{cn|date=January 2024}}


==Uses==
]
Oxygen tanks are used to store gas for: Oxygen tanks are used to store gas for:
⚫ * industrial processes including the manufacture of ] and ]
⚫ * ] ] equipment, glass lampworking torches, and some gas ]es
⚫ * use as the ] for ]s
⚫ * medical ] at medical facilities and at home
⚫ * breathing at altitude in aviation, either in an ] emergency, or constantly (in the case of unpressurized aircraft)
* ] kits
⚫ * ] for creating diving breathing mixes such as ], ] and ]
⚫ * open-circuit ]s - mainly used for accelerated ] in ]
⚫ * some types of diving ]: oxygen rebreathers and fully closed circuit rebreathers


⚫ * medical ] (]) at medical facilities and at home (high pressure cylinder)
⚫ Breathing oxygen is delivered from the storage tank to the users by use of the following methods: ], ], ], ], oxygen ], ] (BIBS), ], and ] chamber.
⚫ * breathing at altitude in aviation, either in a ] emergency, or constantly (as in unpressurized aircraft), usually in high pressure cylinders
* oxygen first aid sets, in small portable high pressure cylinders<ref>{{cite web |title=Oxylife Portable oxygen kit (330 Ltrs Cylinder) |url=https://bajajlifecare.com/product/oxylife-portable-oxygen-kit-330-ltrs-cylinder |website=www.bajajlifecare.com |date=17 November 2022 |publisher=BajajLifeCare |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref>
⚫ * ], for mixing breathing gases such as ], ] and ]
⚫ * open-circuit ]s - mainly used for accelerated ] in ], in high pressure cylinders
⚫ * some types of diving ]: oxygen rebreathers and fully closed circuit rebreathers, usually in high pressure cylinders
* use in climbing, "]" refers to oxygen in lightweight high pressure cylinders for mountaineering{{cn|date=January 2024}}
⚫ * industrial processes, including the manufacture of ] and ]
⚫ * ] ] equipment, glass lampworking torches, and some gas ]es, usually in high pressure cylinders
⚫ * use as ] for ]s, usually as liquid oxygen at ambient pressure
* athletes, specifically on ] sidelines, to expedite recovery after exertion, in high-pressure cylinders.<ref name=brsdc48>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QM8zAAAAIBAJ&sjid=v_UDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7130%2C5508451 |work=Spokane Daily Chronicle |location=(Washington) |agency=AP photo |title=Breather |date=November 13, 1948 |page=8}}</ref>


⚫ Breathing oxygen is delivered from the storage tank to users by use of the following methods: ], ], ], ], ], oxygen ], ] (BIBS), ], and ] chamber.
⚫ Contrary to popular belief ] very rarely carry oxygen tanks. The vast majority of divers breathe ] or ] stored in a ]. A small minority breathe ], ] or other ]. Some of these may carry pure oxygen for accelerated decompression or as a component of a rebreather. Some shallow divers, particularly naval divers, use oxygen rebreathers or have done so historically.


⚫ Contrary to popular belief most ] do not carry oxygen tanks. The vast majority of divers breathe air or ] stored in a ]. A small minority breathe ], ] or other ]. Some may carry pure oxygen for accelerated decompression or as supply gas to a rebreather. Some shallow divers, particularly naval combat divers, use oxygen rebreathers, and they use a small oxygen cylinder to provide the gas.{{citation needed|date=September 2024}}
⚫ Oxygen is rarely held at pressures higher than 200 bar / 3000 psi due to the risks of fire triggered by high temperatures caused by ] when the gas changes pressure when moving from one vessel to another.


⚫ Oxygen is rarely held at pressures higher than {{convert|20|MPa|psi|-3}}, due to the risks of fire triggered by high temperatures caused by ] when the gas changes pressure when moving from one vessel to another. Medical use liquid oxygen ''airgas'' tanks are typically {{convert|2.4|MPa|psi|abbr=on}}.{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}}
⚫ All equipment coming into contact with high pressure oxygen must be "oxygen clean" and "oxygen compatible" to reduce the risk of ].<ref name=navseaCleaning>{{cite journal |title=Cleaning and gas analysis for diving applications handbook. |author=NAVSEA |year=2005 |journal=NAVSEA Technical Manual |volume=SS521-AK-HBK-010 |publisher=NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/7563 |accessdate=2008-09-05 }}</ref><ref name=nasaCompatable>{{cite journal |title=Guide for Oxygen Compatibility Assessments on Oxygen Components and Systems. |author=Rosales, KR; Shoffstall, MS; Stoltzfus, JM |year=2007 |volume=NASA/TM-2007-213740 |journal=NASA, Johnson Space Center Technical Report|url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/4861 |accessdate=2008-09-05 }}</ref> "Oxygen clean" means the removal of any substance that could act as a source of ]. "Oxygen compatible" means that internal components must not burn readily or degrade easily in a high pressure oxygen environment.


⚫ All equipment coming into contact with high pressure oxygen must be "oxygen clean" and "oxygen compatible", to reduce the risk of ].<ref name=navseaCleaning>{{cite journal |title=Cleaning and gas analysis for diving applications handbook. |author=NAVSEA |year=2005 |journal=NAVSEA Technical Manual |volume=SS521-AK-HBK-010 |publisher=NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/7563 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425091833/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/7563 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=April 25, 2009 |access-date=2008-09-05 }}</ref><ref name=nasaCompatable>{{cite journal |title=Guide for Oxygen Compatibility Assessments on Oxygen Components and Systems. |author1=Rosales, KR |author2=Shoffstall, MS |author3=Stoltzfus, JM |year=2007 |volume=NASA/TM-2007-213740 |journal=NASA, Johnson Space Center Technical Report|url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/4861 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024235447/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/4861 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=October 24, 2008 |access-date=2008-09-05 }}</ref> "Oxygen clean" means the removal of any substance that could act as a source of ]. "Oxygen compatible" means that internal components must not burn readily or degrade easily in a high pressure oxygen environment.
⚫ In some countries there are legal and ] requirements and restrictions on the use, storage and transport of pure oxygen. Oxygen tanks are normally stored in well ventilated locations, far from potential sources of fire and concentrations of people.

⚫ In some countries there are legal and insurance requirements and restrictions on the use, storage and transport of pure oxygen.{{cn|date=January 2024}} Oxygen tanks are normally stored in well-ventilated locations, far from potential sources of fire and concentrations of people.{{cn|date=January 2024}}


==See also== ==See also==
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Latest revision as of 11:00, 20 September 2024

Storage vessel for oxygen

An oxygen tank is an oxygen storage vessel, which is either held under pressure in gas cylinders, referred to in the industry as high pressure oxygen cylinders, or as liquid oxygen in a cryogenic storage tank.

Uses

Oxygen Tank
High pressure oxygen storage cylinder, colloquially referred to as an oxygen tank

Oxygen tanks are used to store gas for:

  • medical breathing (oxygen therapy) at medical facilities and at home (high pressure cylinder)
  • breathing at altitude in aviation, either in a decompression emergency, or constantly (as in unpressurized aircraft), usually in high pressure cylinders
  • oxygen first aid sets, in small portable high pressure cylinders
  • gas blending, for mixing breathing gases such as nitrox, trimix and heliox
  • open-circuit scuba sets - mainly used for accelerated decompression in technical diving, in high pressure cylinders
  • some types of diving rebreather: oxygen rebreathers and fully closed circuit rebreathers, usually in high pressure cylinders
  • use in climbing, "Bottled oxygen" refers to oxygen in lightweight high pressure cylinders for mountaineering
  • industrial processes, including the manufacture of steel and monel
  • oxyacetylene welding equipment, glass lampworking torches, and some gas cutting torches, usually in high pressure cylinders
  • use as liquid rocket propellants for rocket engines, usually as liquid oxygen at ambient pressure
  • athletes, specifically on American football sidelines, to expedite recovery after exertion, in high-pressure cylinders.

Breathing oxygen is delivered from the storage tank to users by use of the following methods: oxygen mask, nasal cannula, full face diving mask, diving helmet, demand valve, oxygen rebreather, built in breathing system (BIBS), oxygen tent, and hyperbaric oxygen chamber.

Contrary to popular belief most scuba divers do not carry oxygen tanks. The vast majority of divers breathe air or nitrox stored in a diving cylinder. A small minority breathe trimix, heliox or other exotic gases. Some may carry pure oxygen for accelerated decompression or as supply gas to a rebreather. Some shallow divers, particularly naval combat divers, use oxygen rebreathers, and they use a small oxygen cylinder to provide the gas.

Oxygen is rarely held at pressures higher than 20 megapascals (3,000 psi), due to the risks of fire triggered by high temperatures caused by adiabatic heating when the gas changes pressure when moving from one vessel to another. Medical use liquid oxygen airgas tanks are typically 2.4 MPa (350 psi).

All equipment coming into contact with high pressure oxygen must be "oxygen clean" and "oxygen compatible", to reduce the risk of fire. "Oxygen clean" means the removal of any substance that could act as a source of ignition. "Oxygen compatible" means that internal components must not burn readily or degrade easily in a high pressure oxygen environment.

In some countries there are legal and insurance requirements and restrictions on the use, storage and transport of pure oxygen. Oxygen tanks are normally stored in well-ventilated locations, far from potential sources of fire and concentrations of people.

See also

References

  1. "Oxylife Portable oxygen kit (330 Ltrs Cylinder)". www.bajajlifecare.com. BajajLifeCare. 17 November 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
  2. "Breather". Spokane Daily Chronicle. (Washington). AP photo. November 13, 1948. p. 8.
  3. NAVSEA (2005). "Cleaning and gas analysis for diving applications handbook". NAVSEA Technical Manual. SS521-AK-HBK-010. NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND. Archived from the original on April 25, 2009. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
  4. Rosales, KR; Shoffstall, MS; Stoltzfus, JM (2007). "Guide for Oxygen Compatibility Assessments on Oxygen Components and Systems". NASA, Johnson Space Center Technical Report. NASA/TM-2007-213740. Archived from the original on October 24, 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
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