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	{{Infobox ~~Dogbreed~~		{{Infobox dog breed
			\| name = Romanian Carpathian Shepherd Dog
	<!-- Begin Infobox Dogbreed. The text of the article should go AFTER this section. See: -->
			\| image = Carpatin.jpg
	<!-- http://en.wikipedia.org/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Dog_breeds#Infobox_Dogbreed_template -->
			\| image_alt =
	<!-- for full explanation of the syntax used in this template. -->
			\| image_caption = Romanian Carpathian Shepherd Dog
	\| image = carpatin.jpg
			\| image2 =
	\| image_caption = A Carpathian sheepdog
			\| image_alt2 =
	\| name = Carpathian sheep dog
			\| image_caption2 =
	\| altname = Ciobănesc Românesc Carpatin,<br/> Romanian Shepherd, Romanian Carpathian Shepherd,<br> Câine Ciobănesc Carpatin,<br> Carpathian Sheepdog,<br> Carpatin,<br> Romanian Carpatin Herder,<br> Rumanian Carpathian
			\| altname = {{ubl
	\| country = ]
			\| ''Ciobănesc Românesc Carpatin''
	\| fcigroup = 1 Herding
			\| Romanian Carpathian Shepherd
	\| fcisection = 1 Sheepdogs
			\| ''Câine Ciobănesc Carpatin''
	\| fcinum = 350 (Provisional)
			\| ''Carpathian Shepherd'', Carpatin, Carpathian
	\| fcistd = http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/350g01-en.pdf
			}}
	\| akcgroup =
	\| ~~akcstd~~ =		\| nickname =
	\| ~~ankcgroup~~ =		\| stock =
			\| country = ]
	\| ankcstd =
	\| ~~ckcgroup~~ =		\| distribution =
			<!-----Traits----->
	\| ckcstd =
	\| ~~kcukgroup~~ =		\| height =
			\| maleheight = {{convert\|65\|to\|73\|cm\|in\|abbr=on}}
	\| kcukstd =
			\| femaleheight = {{convert\|59\|to\|67\|cm\|in\|abbr=on}}
	\| nzkcgroup =
			\| weight = {{convert\|32\|to\|45\|kg\|lb\|abbr=on}}
	\| nzkcstd =
			\| coat = Double coat, shorter on the head and front of legs, longer on the tail, back of legs, chest
	\| ukcgroup =
			\| color = Wolf gray
	\| ukcstd =
			\| litter_size =
	\| maleweight = 32-45 kg (70-100 lb)
			\| life_span = 12-14 years
	\| femaleweight =
			<!-----Kennel club standards----->
	\| maleheight = {{convert\|65\|to\|73\|cm\|in}}
			\| kc_name = Romanian Carpathian Shepherd
	\| femaleheight = {{convert\|59\|to\|67\|cm\|in}}
			\| kc_std = https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/romanian-carpathian-shepherd/
	\| coat = Rough, abundant and straight
			\| fcistd = http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/350g01-en.pdf
	\| color =
	\| ~~litter_size~~ =		\| extinct =
			<!-----Notes----->
	\| life_span = 12-14 years
	\| note = ~~Breed~~ ~~provisionally~~ ~~accepted,~~ ~~not~~ ~~eligible~~ ~~for~~ ~~the~~ ~~CACIB~~		\| note =
	}}		}}
	<!-- End Infobox Dogbreed info. Article Begins Here -->

	The '''Carpathian Shepherd Dog''' (~~'''~~Ciobănesc Românesc Carpatin~~'''~~) is a breed of ~~large~~ ] that originated in the ] of ].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.moloss.com/001/breed/c/c014/ \|title=Molosserworld's Ciobanesti Carpatini Page \|accessdate=2008-08-22 \|work=Molosser World }}</ref>		The '''Romanian Carpathian Shepherd Dog''' ({{langx\|ro\|Ciobănesc Românesc Carpatin}}) is a large breed of ] that originated in the ] of ].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.moloss.com/001/breed/c/c014/ \|title=Molosserworld's Ciobanesti Carpatini Page \|accessdate=2008-08-22 \|work=Molosser World \|url-status=dead \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921105133/http://www.moloss.com/001/breed/c/c014/ \|archivedate=2008-09-21 }}</ref>

	==History==		==History==
			Historically ]s were used by Romanian farmers, each farmer would breed the dog to his own need and there was no standard.<ref name="ethno">{{cite journal \| last=Ivaşcu \| first=Cosmin Marius \| last2=Biro \| first2=Alina \| title=Coexistence through the Ages: The Role of Native Livestock Guardian Dogs and Traditional Ecological Knowledge as Key Resources in Conflict Mitigation between Pastoralists and Large Carnivores in the Romanian Carpathians \| journal=Journal of Ethnobiology \| volume=40 \| issue=4 \| date=2020 \| issn=0278-0771 \| doi=10.2993/0278-0771-40.4.465 \| pages=465–482}}</ref>
	] (1829-1885) in (Animal's Life) wrote about these dogs. The first written data regarding the Romanian Carpathian Shepherd Dog was recorded in the ''Veterinary Science Magazine'', year XV, No. 2.
	STANDARDUL OFICIAL AL RASEI CIOBANESC ROMANESC CARPATIN VALABIL PENTRU ANUL 2011

	IN BAZA ORDINULUI 17176/1998 AL MINISTERULUI AGRICULTURII SI ALIMENTATIEI CLUBUL NATIONAL DE CAINI CIOBANESTI ROMANESTI-CNCCR-ESTE SINGURUL ORGANISM OFICIAL RECUNOSCUT SI APROBATSA EMITA SI SA INREGISTREZESTANDARDUL ACESTEI RASE, SA PRIMEASCA, SA ANALIZEZE SI SA APROBE ORICE PROPUNERE DE MODIFICARE A LUI SI SA IL REMITA SPRE LUARE LA CUNOSTINTA TUTUROR CELOR INTERESATI .
	ARBITRAJELE EFECTUATE DE CATRE ARBITRII NEINCLUSI PE LISTA OFICIALA A CNCCR SI AVAND LA BAZA PROIECTE DE STANDARDE NECONFORMA CU PREZENTUL STANDARD SUNT CONSIDERATE NULE SI NU POT FI INSCRISE IN ACTELE DE ORIGINE ELIBERATE DE CATRE CLUB -PEDIGREE INTERNATIONAL- SINGURELE ACTE RECUNOSCUTE CA FIIND DOVEDITOARE ALE ORIGINII SI APARTENENTEI LA ACEASTA RASA .
	TARA DE ORIGINE: ROMANIA
	CATA PUBLICARII STANDARDULUI IN VIGOARE: 04.12.1998
	EMITENT : CLUBUL NATIONAL DE CAINI CIOBANESTI ROMANESTI-CNCCR-BUCURESTI, str.
	Popa Tatu nr. 66,sector 1 ,Romania,fondat in 1997decembrie 13.
	INTOCMIT DE :FACULTATEA DE MEDICINA VETERINARA- UNIVERSITATEA AGRONOMICA
	BUCURESTI si CNCCR,sub directa indrumare a dr. Jean Maurice Paschoud , presedintele COMISIEI DE
	STANDARDE A FEDERATIEI CHINOLOGICE INTERNATIONALE la data publicarii lui .
	CLASIFICAREA DUPA NORMELE FCI SI AKC :
	Grupa II-a :Caini de tip Pinscher si Schnauzer , Molosoizi ,Bouvier elvetian , caini montani .
	SECTIUNEA 2.2 : Molosoizi ,tipul montan .
	Fara probe de lucru
	ISTORIC : Este o rasa naturala extrem de veche repartizata pe intreg teritoriul Romaniei . Aceasta rasa a putut sa se dezvolte si sa supravietuiasca dealungul trimpului datorita calitatilor sale fizice si psihice deosebite , interesului ciobanilor in mentinerea si dezvoltarea ei si conditiilor economice si de mediu existente .Stramosul direct al acestei rase este cainele moloss , caine adus se pare de legiunile romane in timpul cuceririi Daciei de catre Imperiul Roman si care a suferit diverse transformari dealungul timpului prin incrucisarea cu cainii existenti aici sau chiar si cu lupii existenti pe teritoriul Romaniei intr-un numar foarte mare, timp de secole . Conditiile de mediu cu o clima temperat continentala , vegetatie bogata , turme mari si numeroase dar si pradatori numerosi si variati , transhumanta pe distante apreciabile , etc. au constituit factorii esentiali in dezvoltarea acestei rase naturale stravechi . Tributurile platite de Tarile Romane , secole dearandul , catre Imperiul Otoman , Rusia Tarista si Poloniei si care constau frecvent in turme de animale , au asigurat raspandirea acestei rase in zonele limitrofe
	tarii noastre , la fel ca si in cazul Ciobanescului Romanesc Mioritic . Datorita marimii lor impresionante si a faptului ca ambele rase romanesti erau folosite cu succes si in timp de razboi de catre ciobanii inrolati in armatele domnitorilor romani , s-a incercat limitarea numarului de caini permis a se folosi la paza unei turme functie de numarul animalelor din turma respectiva . Acest lucru a fost facut de catre de catre regii polonezi care au impus o lege in acest sens in timpul domniei lui Ieremia Movila , domn al Moldovei si vasal al Poloniei .
	In epoca moderna se remarca incercarile de realizare a unui proiect de standard in jurul anilor 1930 , publicat in presa
	timpului dar neinsusit si neinregistrat de Asociatia Regala Romana , precum si activitatea crescatorilor din zonele Radauti, Valeni , Bistrita , Sibiu , dupa 1973-data infiintarii primei asociatii chinologice din Romania . Din pacate lipsa de cunostiinte in domeniu , orgoliile personale ale crescatorilor din aceste zone , unele mergand pana la incercarea de a forma pur si simplu o noua rasa -cazul Sibiu, rezultatele extrem de contradictoii si neconcludente au condus impreuna cu marea schisma din chinologia nationala la o adevarata situatie de criza in cazul acestei rase.Restandardizarea ei a devenit astfel imperios necesara si a fost efectuata pe un esantion reprezentativ la nivel national de peste 200 de exemplare de catre un colectiv al Facultatii de Medicina Veterinara din Bucuresti in anul 1998.
	Verificarea la fata locului a exemplarelor si intocmirea formei actuale de prezentare a standardului a fost executata impreuna cu reprezentantul Federatiei Chinologice Internationale , presedinte al Comisiei de Standarde , dr.Jean Maurice Paschoud la invitatia Presedintelui Romaniei , al Ministrului Agriculturii si Alimentatiei , al Facultatii de Medicina Veterinara din Bucuresti si al CNCCR.
	ASPECT GENERAL: Este un caine de talie mare , de tip molosoid, cu o structura compacta si robusta care are un contur aproape patrat si o osatura puternica , tipica molosoizilor.Este rezistent la boli si conditiide mediu si hrana dificile, fapt ce il face foarte usor adaptabil oricarui habitat.
	PROPORTII IMPORTANTE: Lungimea botului este mai mica sau cel mult egala cu lungimea craniului(partea posterioara abotului).Raportul general dintre lungimea corpului si inaltimea la greaban trebuie sa creeze impresia unei figuri cat mai compacte si robuste.
	COMPORTAMENT SI CARACTER: Avand un temperament calm si bine echilibrat in special in cazul aglomerarilor urbane , devotamentul sau pentru stapan il poate conduce pana la sacrificiu el necunaoscand ce inseamna frica .Este rezistent, usor de educat si de dresat pentru paza, putandu-se usor adapta la un nou anturaj , ramanand insa rezervat cu strainii.Devine un aparator redutabil cand stapanul sau teritoriul sunt atacate .
	CAPUL :
	REGIUNEA CRANIANA :masiva
	STOPUL : putin marcat
	TRUFA : mare , lata si neagra
	BOTUL : puternic , se ingusteaza usor spre varf
	MUSCATURA SI DENTITIA : muscatura puternica si cu o dantura bine dezvoltata este de tipul foarfeca sau cleste, de preferat in foarfeca. Absenta a doi premolari PM 1 sau a doi molari M 3 nu se sanctioneaza cu excluderea de la reproductie . Conturul buzelor este negru , ele fiind usor coborate in partea comisurala din spatele gurii , dar nu excesiv .
	OCHII : destul de mici ca marime in raport cu marimea craniului , sunt asezati oblic si au o culoare brun inchisa . Specific rasei este conturul negru al ochiului si al genelor .
	URECHILE : Inserate sus , nu prea mari , in forma de " V " cu extremitatile rotunjite si culcate pe obraji . Cuparea urechilor nu este permisa.
	GATUL : Puternic si gros , avand o lungime medie , formeaza cu linia spatelui un unghi de 40-45 de grade .
	TRUNCHIUL : Viguros si indesat , este foarte musculos .
	1.GREABANUL : Usor proeminent .
	2. SPATELE : Este scurt lat si drept .
	3. ZONA RENALA : Larga si puternica .
	4. CRUPA : Scurta , lata si dreapta .
	5. TORACELE : Este lat si bine dezvoltat in special in partea anterioara fata , coborand pana la nivelul
	coatelor pe care insa nu le depaseste.
	6. ABDOMENUL : Usor ascendent .
	7. COASTELE : Bine arcuite si puternice .
	COADA : Esta inserata destul de sus , in repaus atarnand pana la nivelul jaretului si avand varful usor recurbat catre in sus . In actiune sau in repaos nu se admite purtarea ei curbata sau culcata pe spate .Nu se permite cuparea cozii .
	TRENUL ANTERIOR : Vazut din fata si profil membrele anterioare sunt paralele , drepte si au o osatura masiva si puternica . In partea posterioara a membrelor parul formeaza " panase", specific rasei .
	1.UMARUL : Omoplatul formeaza o angulatie scapulo-hemurala de aproximativ 100 de grade .
	2. ANTEBRATUL : Puternic , drept si nu prea lung .
	3. COATELE : Masive si lipite de corp .
	4. CARPUL : Articulatie elastica si mai mult alungit .
	5. METACARPUL: Usor inclinat catre inainte si scurt .
	6. LABELE ANTERIOARE: Sunt de forma ovala, compacte si foarte masive .
	7.UNGHIILE: Puternice , sunt de culoare neagra , albe sau gri si usor tocite .
	CUZINETII : Sunt rezistenti , grosi si de culoare neagra .
	TRENUL POSTERIOR ; Vazute din spate membrele sunt paralele cu aplomburile derpte , angulatii usor deschise , osatura foarte puternica si o musculatura bine dezvoltata . Prezenta eventualilor pinteni nu se considera a fi un defect , recomandandu- se insa eliminarea lor pe cale chirurgicala dupa ajungera la maturitate .
	1.METATARSUL : Este usor alungit , puternic si vertical .
	2.JARETUL : Plasa nu prea sus , articulatia jaretului fiind mai degraba joasa .
	3.LABELE POSTERIOARE ; Sunt masive si compacte , de forma ovala fiind usor mai mici decat cele anterioare .
	4.UNGHIILE : Puternice , sunt de culoare neagra , albe sau gri .
	5.CUZINETII ; Sunt rezistenti , grosi si de culoare neagra .
	N.B. Masculii trebuie sa aiba cele doua testicule complet coborate in scrot .
	ALURA: Mersul liber este degajat , membrele miscandu-se in planuri paralele iar pasul intins permitand
	o buna acoperire a terenului .
	ROBA :
	1.PARUL : Cu exceptia capului si a suprafetei anterioare a membrelor , unde este scurt si neted , tot corpul este acoperit de un par abundent . Parul tector este format din fire de lungime medie , drepte si aspre , subparul fiind insa des si moale. In zona gatului si a partilor posterioare alelabelor anterioare se gasesc firele cele mai lungi ce creaza alura unei "coame" si a unor panase .
	2.CULOAREA : Cele mai des intalnite sunt cea lupie in diferite tonuri si nuante, avand sau nu masca neagra pe bot si marcaje albe pe cap , piept si membre , precum si cea alba patata cu pete negre. Acestea sunt si culorile cele mai de dorit , sunt permise insa si nuantele de negru , sur, galbui , vanat cu sau fara pete de alta culoare dar nu se admit culorile brun-roscata si maron .
	TALIA SI GREUTATEA :
	1.INALTIMEA LA GREABAN : Pentru masculi : minim 70cm.
	Pentru femele : minim 60 cm.
	Nu exista limite maxime de inaltime
	2.GREUTATEA : Pentru masculi : minim 45 kg.
	Pentru femele : minim 35 kg.
	Nu exista limite maxime de greutate
	DEFECTE : Orice abatere fata de standardul prezentat mai sus va fi considerat ca un defect si va fi penalizat functie de marimea si gravitatea abaterii . Defectele urmatoare constituie baza de departajare in cazul acordarii calificativelor "Excelent", "Foarte Bine" , " Admis reproductie" si "Recomandat reproductie".
	caractere sexuale prea putin marcate
	aspect general atipic, fragil sau lipsit de robustete
	cap si /sau corp lipsit de compactitate cu aspect pregnant lupoid
	defecte de aplomb: alura defectuoasa : "laba de urs","spate de crap","spinare inseuata" ,etc.
	coada purtata incorect
	culori nerecomandate ale parului
	par mai lung decat normal in zona gatului si/ sau pe corp si / sau membre
	agresivitate excesiva in ring sau refuzul de a se supune controlului danturii
	slab nivel de prezentare fizica in ring
	DEFECTE GRAVE : aceste defecte constituie baza de departajare in cazul acordarii calificativelor "Foarte Bine" ,"Bine","Admis doar cu monta dirijata"
	cap atipic
	prognatism sau brevignatism
	absenta unui alt premolar in afara celor doi premolari PM 1 sau a unui alt molar in afara celor doi M 3
	musactura in cleste
	urechi perfect erecte
	membre lipsite de masivitate
	osatura fina si longilina
	talie la limita inferioara a standardului
	par prea lung sau cret
	depigmentari minore ca suprafata ale trufei , buzelor si ochilor
	heterocromie oculara
	DEFECTE ELIMINATORII :aceste defecte constituie criteriile de acordare ale calificativelor "Satisfacator","Nesatisfacator"si "Exclus de la reproductie"
	elemente morfologioce ce nu apartin rasei
	culoare brun-roscata sau maron
	talie sub cea minima fixata de standard
	depigmentari masive ale trufei , buzelor si ochilor
	monorhidie sau criptorhidie
	NOTA: CNCCR comunica pe aceasta cale ca nu a fost primita nici o cerere insotita de documentatia necesara sustinerii ei , in vederea inscrierii unor rase sau varietati denumite "Ciobanesc Romanesc Carpatin de Bistrita" si /sau "Ciobanesc Romanesc Carpatin de Bucovina". Ca atare arbitrajele efectuate de persoane neautorizate pentru aceste asa zise rase sunt nule. Este drept insa ca CNCCR studiaza posibilitatea ca in cadrul campaniei nationale de unificare a actiunilor si intereselor tuturor celor preocupati de sceasta rasa sa fie discutata si problema standardizarii ca variante de culoare a rasei Ciobanesc Romanesc Carpatin, a celor doua curente de opinie exterioare CNCCR. In aceasta directie clubul se arata deschis primirii si studierii oricarei propuneri serios argumentate de modificare a standardului anterior comunicat, in vederea sustinerii evolutiei si dezvoltarii rasei dupa principiile chinologiei moderne.
	Rugam toti presedintii filialelor CNCCR sa comunice prezentul standard presei din zona unde se afla sediul filialelor, precum si tuturor celor interesati .Este necesara afisarea lui la loc vizibil in incinta locurilor de manifestare a concursurilor organizate, in viitor pentru o mai buna informare a publicului larg si a proprietarilor de caini .

	Modificat si adnotat in Adunarea Generala a CNCCR din 28.01.2006 , valabil si pentru anul 2015.
	OFFIZIELLER STANDARD DER RUMÄNISCHEN HIRTENHUNDE
	CARPATIN
	STAND 2004

	Übersetzt aus dem Rumänischen


	Gemäß der Ordnung 17178/1998 des Rumänischen Ministeriums für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft – MAA, " der Nationalverein Rumänischer Hirtenhunde - CNCCR, ist als einzig offiziell anerkannte Organisation autorisiert den Standard dieser Rasse zu erlassen und zu registrieren, jeden den Standard betreffenden Änderungsvorschlag anzunehmen, zu analysieren und zu billigen und dieser allen Interessenten zu Verfügung zu stellen.“


	Die Bewertungen von den auf der offiziellen Liste des Nationalverein Rumänischer Hirtenhunde nicht eingetragenen Richter, die auf einem anderen Standard basieren, der mit dem aktuellen nicht übereinstimmt, werden als nichtig erklärt und können in den einzig staatlich anerkannten, vom CNCCR ausgestellten Herkunfts- und Zugehörigkeitsnachweiß dieser Rasse - Pedigree International - nicht eingetragen werden.

	Herkunftsland: Rumänien
	Rassen-Standard gültig seit: 4. Dezember 1998

	Organisiert von: Nationalverein Rumänischer Hirtenhunde - CNCCR – Bukarest, gegründet am 13. Dezember 1997. Aktueller Sitz in Bukarest, Popa Tatu-Str. 66, Sektor 1

	Verfasst von: Fakultät für Veterinärmedizin (FMV) – Agronomische Universität Bukarest und der Nationalverein Rumänischer Hirtenhunde, unter der direkten Leitung von Dr. Jean Maurice Paschoud – damaliger Präsident der FCI-Standardkommission.

	Klassifizierung nach den Normen der FCI (Federation Cynologique Internationale)- und AKC (Amerikan Kennel Club):
	Gruppe II: Hunde Typ Pinscher und Schnauzer, Molosser, Schweizer Bouvier und Berghunde
	Sektion 2.2: Molosser, Typ Berghunde
	Ohne Arbeit.

	Historischer Hintergrund:

	Auf dem ganzen rumänischen Gebiet verteilt, der Hirtenhund Carpatin ist eine uralte natürliche Rasse, die überleben und sich entwickeln konnte wegen ihrer besonderen physischen und psychischen Qualitäten und aus den exklusiven Interessen der Hirten, in der vorhandenen wirtschaftliche und Umweltlage dieses Landes, sie beizubehalten und weiter zu entwickeln.

	Der Urvater dieses Hundes ist der Molosser, der scheinbar von römischen Legionen, während der Eroberung Dakiens durch das Römische Reich, mitgebracht wurde. Im Laufe der Zeit hat er durch Kreuzungen mit anderen örtlichen Hunderassen verschiedene Veränderungen gelitten.
	Unter den wichtigsten Faktoren in der Entwicklung dieser uralten Rasse zählen das kontinentale Klima mit den je nach Jahreszeit bedingten Temperaturschwankungen, die reiche Vegetation, die Größe und Vielzahl der Herden, die viele und verschiedene Raubtiere, die Transhumans auf beachtlicher Entfernung, der optimale Schutz durch das Haar usw.

	Der von den Rumäner an das Osmanische Reich, an das zaristische Russland und an das Polnische Königreich zu zahlender Tribut während des Mittelalters bestand oft aus Herden, was die Verteilung dieser Rasse, wie auch der Mioritic, in den Grenzgebieten des Landes ermöglichte.

	Wegen ihrer beeindruckenden Kraft und Größe, ihres legenderen Mutes und ihrer Hingabe aber auch der Tatsache, dass beide rumänische Rassen (die Hirtenhunde Mioritic und Carpatin – Bem. des Üb.) auch in Kriegszeiten von den in Fürstenarmeen kämpfenden Hirten, mit Erfolg eingesetzt wurden, wurde die Zahl der bei einer Herde eingesetzten Schutzhunde eingeschränkt, abhängig von der Tierzahl der Herde. Dieses wurde von den polnischen Königen eingeführt, die während der Herrschaft von Ieremia Movila – Herrscher von Moldawien und Vasall von Polen zwischen 1595 -1606 - ein solches Gesetz aufzwangen.

	Aus dem Jahr 1930 datiert das erste Rassenstandard-Projekt, der zwar in der Presse der damaligen Zeit veröffentlicht, dennoch nicht beim Rumänischen Königlichen Verband eingetragen wurde und damit erfolglos blieb und ab 1973, als der erste kynologische Verband in Rumänien gegründet wurde, die Aktivität der Hundezüchter aus den Regionen Radauti, Valeni, Bistrita und Hermannsstadt.

	Bedauerlicherweise, mangelnde Kenntnisse auf dem kynologischen Gebiet, der persönliche Stolz der Züchter aus diesen Gebieten, der bis zum Versuch einer neuen Rasse zu schöpfen reichte - der Fall Hermanstadt, die widersprüchliche und unschlüssige Ergebnisse haben zusammen mit den zur Trennung gehörenden großen Streitigkeiten in der nationalen Kynologie zu einer Krisensituation im Falle dieser Rasse geführt.

	Die Wiederaufstellung der Normen für den Rumänischen Hirtenhund Carpatin ist absolut notwendig geworden und wurde im Jahr 1998, anhand von 200 Carpatin-Hunde, von einer Gruppe der Fakultät für Veterinärmedizin Bukarest erneut durchgeführt.
	Die Untersuchungen wurden protokolliert in der Anwesenheit vom Herrn J. M. Paschoud, damaliger Präsident der Standardkommission der Internationale Kynologische Föderation (FCI), eingeladen vom rumänischen Präsident, dem Minister der Landwirtschaft und Ernährung, der Fakultät der Veterinärmedizin Bukarest und dem CNCCR.


	Allgemeines Erscheinungsbild: großer Hund Typ Molosser mit einem kompakten und robusten Aufbau, mit einem fast quadratischen Kontur und einer starken Knochenstruktur – typisch für den Molosser. Er ist widerstandsfähig gegen Krankheiten, schwierigen Umweltverhältnisse und Nahrungslage, weshalb er jedem Habitat anpassfähig ist.

	Wichtige Proportionen: die Fanglänge ist kleiner oder höchstens gleich mit der Schädellänge. Das Verhältnis zwischen Körperlänge und Widerristhöhe zeigt einen kompakten und robusten Körper.
	Verhalten und Charakter: ruhiges und ausgeglichenes Temperament, vor allem in den Städten; die Hingabe für seinen Herrn reicht angstlos bis zur Selbstopferung hin. Er ist unempfindlich, leicht zu erziehen und abzurichten und auch wenn er sich schnell neuer Umgebungen anpassen kann, bleibt er zurückhaltend den Fremden gegenüber. Dadurch ist er der optimale Wachhund.

	Kopf:
	1. Schädel: massiv
	2. Stop: leicht ausgeprägt
	3. Nasenschwamm: groß, breit und schwarz
	4. Fang: stark, leicht verengt gegen den Stop
	5. Biss und Zähne: starker Biss, vollständig und gut entwickelt, Schärenbiss. Das Fehlen zweier Prämolaren PM1 oder zweier Molaren M3 schließt ihn nicht von der Reproduktion aus. Der Kontur der Lefzen, die im hinteren Bereich, auf die kommissorale Seite des Fanges, leicht hängen, ist schwarz.
	6. Augen: klein im Verhältnis zum Schädel, schräg positioniert und dunkelbraun. Spezifisch für diese Rasse ist der schwarze Augenkontur und die schwarzen Wimpern.
	7. Ohren: hoch gelegt, nicht sehr groß, V-förmig mit leicht gerundeten Spitzen, die hängen. Das Kupieren wird für die Hunde vom Lande zwar akzeptiert, ist aber nicht zu empfählen.
	8. Hals: stark und dick, mittlere Länge, bildet mit der Rückenlinie einen Winkel von 40°-45° .
	9. Körperbau: ist kräftig und kompakt, sehr muskulös.
	9.1. Widerrist: leicht herausragend
	9.2. Rücken: kurz, breit und gerade
	9.3. Becken: breit und kräftig
	9.4. Kruppe: kurz, breit und gerade
	9.5. Brustkorb: breit und gut ausgebildet vor allem im vorderen Bereich, steigt bis zur Höhe der Ellenbogen herab, welche seitlich nicht überschritten werden
	9.6. Abdomen: leicht steigend
	9.7. Rippen: gut gebogen und stark
	9.8. Rute: ziemlich hoch platziert, in der Ruhephase hängt bis zum Fesselgelenk ab mit der leicht nach oben gebogenen Spitze. Ob der Hund aktiv oder ruhig ist, darf die Rute in keiner Form auf dem Rücken getragen werden. Die Kupierung ist bei den Hunden aus den ländlichen Gebieten erlaubt aber nicht wünschenswert.

	Vorderhand: von vorn und von der Seite aus gesehen, die Vorderläufe sind parallel und gerade, mit einer starken und massiven Knochenstruktur. Rückwärts der Vorderläufe muss die Haarlänge und -Dichte auf der ganzen Fläche einheitlich sein.
	1. Schulter: das Schulterblatt bildet mit dem Kopf einen ca. 100°-Winkel.
	2. Vordermittelfuß: kräftig, gerade und nicht zu lang
	3. Ellenbogen: sind massiv und werden am Körper getragen
	4. Carpus: etwas ausgedehnt, erlaubt eine elastische Bewegung
	5. Metacarpus: kurz und leicht nach vorn gebeugt
	6. Vorderpfoten: ovalförmig, kompakt und massiv
	7. Krallen: kräftig, schwarz, weiß oder grau und leicht abgestumpft
	8. Ballen: widerstandsfähig, dick und schwarz

	Hinterhand: von hinten aus gesehen, die Läufer sind parallel und gerade, mit leicht geöffneten Winkeln, einer sehr starken Knochenstruktur und gut ausgebildeten Muskulatur. Hinterzähen werden nicht als Fehler angesehen, sollten aber im Erwachsenalter chirurgisch entfernt werden.
	1. Metatarsus: leicht gedehnt, kräftig und vertikal
	2. Fesselgelenk: nicht zu hoch positioniert, mit einer eher niedrigen Artikulation
	3. Hinterpfoten: massiv und kompakt, ovalförmig, etwas kleiner als die Vorderpfoten
	4. Krallen: kräftig, schwarz, weiß oder grau
	5. Ballen: widerstandsfähig, dick und schwarz

	Bemerkung: bei den Rüden müssen beide Testikeln völlig im Scrotum sein.

	Äußerliches Erscheinungsbild: Der Carpatin hat einen freien und legeren Gang, bei dem die Läufer sich parallel in einem großen Schritt bewegen, welcher einen beträchtlichen Teil des Gebietes zu bedecken ermöglicht.

	Haarkleid
	1. Haar: auf dem Kopf und unteren Läuferteil kurz und glatt, sonst üppig, mittellang, gerade und rau. Das Unterhaar ist dicht und weich. Um den Hals und auf dem Rücken der Vorderläufer ist das Haar am längsten, so dass es wie eine Mähne aussieht.
	2. Farbe: meistens eine wolfartige Farbe in verschiedenen Nuancen, mit einer schwarzen „Maske“ auf dem Stop und weiße Markierungen auf dem Kopf, der Brust und Glieder, aber auch weiß mit schwarzen Flecken. Erlaubt sind auch die Farben grau, aubergine, gelblich, mit oder ohne andere Farbflecken. Die Fraben rotbraun und braun sind nicht erlaubt.


	Größe und Gewicht
	1. Widerrichthöhe: Rüden - mind. 65 cm
	Hündinnen – mind. 60 cm
	Eine obere Grenze gibt es nicht.
	2. Gewicht: Rüden - mind. 45 kg
	Hündinnen - mind. 35 kg
	Eine oberste Grenze gibt es nicht.

	Fehler
	Jede Abweichung von den vorgenannten Punkten wird als Fehler angesehen, und dessen Bewertung im genauen Verhältnis zum Grad der Abweichung stehen.
	Folgende Fehler führen zu den Bewertungen “hervorragend”, “sehr gut”, “zur Reproduktion zugelassen“ und „zur Reproduktion empfohlen“
	- wenig markierte sekundäre Geschlechtsmerkmale
	- atypischer Aspekt, schwacher Körperbau
	- kein kompakter Kopf/ Körper, wolfartiger Aspekt
	- Fehler beim Laufen
	- die Rute wird nicht richtig getragen
	- ungewünschte Haarfarben
	- längeres Haar im Halsbereich, auf dem Kopf oder/und Körper oder/und Glieder
	- übermäßige Aggressivität beim Wettbewerb oder der Widerstand für die Fangkontrolle
	- niedriges Erscheinungsniveau im Wettbewerb

	Schwerwiegende Fehler
	Folgende Fehler führen zu den Bewertungen “sehr gut”, “gut”, “zugelassen nur unter koordinierter Paarung“
	- atypischer Kopf
	- Progenie oder Rückbiss
	- Fehlen anderen Prämolaren oder Molaren außer PM1 und M3
	- Zangenbiss
	- Fehlerhaftes Erscheinungsbild: Bärpfoten, auf verschiedene Weise gekrümmter Rücken
	- Stehohren
	- dünne Glieder
	- schwache und längliche Knochenstruktur bei Rüden
	- Körpergröße an der untersten Standard-Grenze
	- zu langes oder lockiges Haar
	- leichte Depigmentierung des Nasenschwamms, der Lefzen und der Augen
	- okulare Heterochronie

	Ausschließende Fehler
	Folgende Fehler führen zu den Bewertungen “befriedigend”, “ausreichend” und “zur Reproduktion nicht zugelassen”
	- morphologische Elemente, die nicht dieser Rasse gehören
	- die Farben rotbraun oder braun
	- Körpergröße unter den zugelassenen Normen
	- Starke Depigmentierungen des Nasenschwamms, der Lefzen und der Augen
	- Monorchismus oder Kryptorchismus
	BEMERKUNG:
	CNCCR teilt auch auf diesem Weg mit, dass es noch kein Antrag mit der entsprechenden Dokumentation eingegangen ist, um die Rassen Rumänischen Hirtenhund Carpatin von Bistrita und/oder Rumänischer Hirtenhund Carpatin von Bukovina zu registrieren. Demnach sind alle Richtensergebnissen nichtig erklärt. CNCCR untersucht die Möglichkeit einer Zusammenarbeit mit allen anderen interessierten Vereine zugunsten einer möglichen Standardisierung der Farbvarianten oder um die ausreichlich begründeten Rassenstandardänderungsvorschläge zu bearbeiten.
	Wir bitten allen Leiter der CNCCR-Filialen den aktuellen Standard an die jeweils örtlichen Presse weiter zu leiten, sowie an allen Interessenten. Zugunsten einer besten Aufklärung soll in Zukunft der Standard bei jedem Wettbewerb für jeden Interessenten zugreifbar sein.
	Präsident CNCCR
	Cezar Osiceanu

	MINISTERIUM FÜR LANDWIRTSCHAFT UND ERNÄHRUNG
	STAATSEKRETÄRSKABINETT
	Bd. Carol I 24, Bukarest
	Tel.: 0040(1) 613 53 10; Fax: 0040(1) 312 19 87

	Registrierungsnummer: 17176/AD/28.04.1998

	AN DEN NATIONALVEREIN RUMÄNISCHER HIRTENHUNDE
	Bezüglich Ihres Briefes vom 28.04.1998 bringen wir Ihnen zur Kenntnis, dass das Ministerium für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung die juristische Personalität des Nationalvereins Rumänischer Hirtenhunde genehmigt hat und anerkennt diesen als einzig autorisierte Organisation, um alle Angelegenheiten dieser Hunderassen auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene zu repräsentieren.

	Staatsekretär
	Adrian Dobrescu
	Le Ministere de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation
	Cabinet de Secretaire d'Etat
	17176/AD/28.04.1998

	Le Club National de Chiens Bergers

	En donnant cours a votre lettre du 28.04.1998, nous vous informons que le Ministere de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation
	a donne son avis favorable pour l'obtention de la personalite juridique du Club National de Chiens Bergers Roumains et reconnait cette organisation non gouvernamentale comme une organism unique qui a la droit de representer, sur pe plan interne et international, tous les problemes concernant les chiens bergeres roumains

	Secretaire d'Etat
	Adrian Dobrescu

	Official adress to the Romanian Gouvernament

	Ministry of Food and Agriculture
	The National Agency for Amelioration and Reproduction in Zootechny “Prof. Dr. G. K. Constantinescu”

	SGG 17/8979 – 08.08.2000

	To
	Mr. Radu Stroe, General Secretary,
	The Romanian Government’s General Secretariat

	Dear Mr. Secretary General,

	After analyzing the administrative complaint registered with you under the number 20/5497/RS/12.07.2000 (submitted to you one day before
	the Government’s meeting during which it was to be discussed the draft of the Governmental Decision for the completion of HG 1223/1996), complaint received from the so called “Romanian Kennel Association”, signed by Petru Munteanu in his capacity as president of the above “association”, we bring to your attention the official position of the Ministry of Food and Agriculture:
	1.There is no association legally registered under the name of the “Romanian Kennel Association” with headoffices at 61, Popa Tatu Str., and has no registered president with the name of Petru Munteanu.
	2.There is one association called the “Romanian Kennel Association” registered under the number 4407/PJ/1976 with head offices at 128, Calea Mosilor, having as president Mr. Vasile Maier, as per the final Civil Decision nr. 606 of 17 March 1999 issued by the Bucharest Tribunal and the one dated 30 June 1999 of the Bucharest Court, judged as final on 24 August 1999. Moreover, the letter nr. 033/30.06.2000 of the Romanian Kennel Association, addressed to Mr. Prime Minister, which copy we herewith attach, confirms all of the above and, more, informs us about the annulment of the stamp illegally used by Mr. Petru Munteanu.
	3.The claimant misled the national and international public by illegally using the name of the association who they tried to substitute, with tragic repercussions today. They also mislead the International Kennel Federation (IKF). Only through a last minute intervention of our Ministry we could avoid Romania being expelled from the Federation, as well as the Romanian participation at the World Championship in Milan with the Romanian Shepherd dogs presentation.
	4.Considering the approval of the legal measures to establish the Romanian National Kennel Authority as well as establishing the common measures necessary in order to avoid a possible international conflict which might arouse due to the fact that the IKF ignored the decisions made by the Romanian instances, received by them in official translation, the FCI therefore established a working meeting in Vienna, on 13 August 2000 with the representatives of the Ministry of Food and Agriculture. This underlines once more the necessity of a fast approval of the Governmental Decision for the completion of HG 1223/1996, in the form presented by the Ministry of Food and Agriculture.
	5.The proposal regarding the establishment of the Romanian National Kennel Authority as a specialized commission, internationally representative, was made following preliminary consultations with the FCI and based on its statutes. We notice that the FCI’s statutes provides for the existence of a sole habilitated organization, expressly approved as such by the countries’ Governments (such habilitation was
	granted in Romania by the Ministry for Food and Agriculture only for the Romanian Kennel Association with headoffices at 128, Calea Mosilor).
	6.With regards to the so-called violation of the free association right and to the relationship between the public authority and the representatives of the associations, as described by the Ordinance 26/2000, we consider such allegations false and obviously meant
	to mislead. The statutes of the Romanian National Kennel Authority, as stipulated by the draft for the completion of HG 1223/1996, mentions that this Authority will act as a centralized specialized commission which will elaborate the technical norms and the methodology for the entire kennel activity.
	The Authority will also make available a series of means and instruments necessary for the carrying out of the kenneling activity. The Authority will, by no means, become an administrative structure for the management of the activities carried out by various kennel associations and foundations, as erroneously presented by the claimant. Moreover, according to the legislation in force, especially Law 40/1975 and HG
	1223/1996, preparation of the technical programs of breeding, improvement and reproduction of all animal species are the task of the Ministry of Food and Agriculture and its specialized subordinated structure. The Romanian National Kennel Authority, subordinated to the ANARZ, will have as main task the elaboration of the methodological norms regarding the breeding, improvement and reproduction of dogs, as ANARZ is currently doing for other animal species.

	We also send you, attached, an analysis of the files submitted by the claimant as well as by other legally constituted associations to the Ministry of Food and Agriculture for an updated evaluation of the kenneling activity in Romania. The analysis contains references to the above-mentioned files that, at your request, we will be glad to submit to you for further analysis.

	Sincerely,

	General Manager
	Sorin Chelmu. "

	OUVREZ LA LETTRE Nr. 18085/16.08.2000
	Nous nous voyons forcés de noter la coupure de la loi aussi bien que des normes deontological journalistiques par les employés de quelques journaux et des publications.
	Ainsi, la nombreuse on a conclu sommation suivante Ministère de la Nourriture et l'Agriculture à toutes les associations chinologiques nationales légalement enregistrées et des documents relatifs présentés, le suivant :
	1. Il n'y a AUCUNE association appelée "l'Association Chinologique Roumaine" (ACHR) avec les bureaux légaux à 61, rue de Popa Tatu, Bucarest, dont a enregistré le président pour être M. Petru Munteanu. D'ailleurs, le timbre employé par eux était nulle avouée
	2. Il y a une association appelée "l'Association Chinologique Roumaine" avec les bureaux légaux à 128,
	Calea Mosilor, Bucarest, dont a enregistré le président est M. Vasile Maier. Les décisions de cour en ce qui concerne cette association sont finales depuis juin 1999
	3. Il y a des preuves claires qu'un nombre énormément énorme de pedigrees faux ou faux ont été publiées sous l'en-tête de lettre de la Fédération Chinologique Internationale - FCI, sans son autorisation.
	4.On l'a également noté la coupure des règles de douane et les règlements quant à l'enregistrement des évaluations de douane, l'encaissement des impôts de douane pour de telles évaluations, l'autorisation des experts douaniers, utilisation des documents avec le régime spécial par un groupe de personnes mènent par M. Petru Munteanu le nom de l'association ne peut pas être employé puisque - légalement - il n'existe pas sous le nom " l'Association Chinologique Roumaine ACHR Popa Tatu “). Il y avait des violations sérieuses également notées des lois et des normes en vigueur concernant les collections de devise forte forte dans
	le territoire roumain
	5. Selon la loi 21/1924 concernant les organisations nonnes gouvernemental, le Ministère de la Nourriture et l'Agriculture a le droit d'approuver et commander leur fonctionnement et peut demander devant le tribunal d'être dissous s'ils cassent la législation en vigueur. Avec l'intention claire d'observer la législation, le Ministre de la Nourriture et l'Agriculture a invité deux fois toutes les parties concernées pour présenter leur documentation juridique et technique. Bien qu'on les ait annoncé, les
	représentants de 61 , rue Popa Tatu, Bucharest, n'a pas assisté à la première réunion et à la seconde ils n'ont présenté un dossier de correspondance, des copies de quelques articles des magasins spécialisés au sujet des maladies et des parasites des chiens, des annonces, des histoires avec des chiens, etc., mais aucune décision légale pour certifier l'un de fonctionnement légale.Sous le nom "de l'Association Chinologique Roumaine " a nommé sous la personne de M. Petru Munteanu. D'ailleurs, ils ont fait la preuve de la coupure continue des décisions roumaines de cour en
	continuant les paiements à la Fédération Chinologique Internationale - FCI et en organisant des concours sous l'égide du FCI.
	6. Création de tous les lieux pour la manifestation d'un conflit de représentation dans l'FCI qui pourrait déterminer l'exclusion de la Roumanie de cette organisation. Ces personnes irresponsables, menées par Mr.Petru Munteanu, créé la situation par de divers moyens et lui ont été manifestées par la inobservance des décisions roumaines de cour, les décisions qui ont été aussi bien envoyées à l'FCI, traduites et authentifiées La réception de telles décisions de cour a été confirmée par M. Yves de Clercq, pendant une entrevue montrée sur TVR2 au "lui Noe d'Arca" 2 juillet 2000.
	7.La représentation internationale d'un pays, comme stipulée par n'importe quelle convention diplomatique, est assurée par une organisation ou un établissement et pas par une personne ou un groupe. Une telle représentation peut être faite directement par l'accord des organismes gouvernementaux correspondants ou il peut être fait par la délégation d'une organisation spécialisée. En tant que tels, l'Association Chinologique Roumaine - Calea Mosilor a reçu il y a des années du Ministère de la Nourriture et de l'Agriculture la droite de la représentation unique au ou il peut être fait par la délégation d'une organisation spécialisée. En tant que tels, l'Association Chinologique Roumaine - Calea Mosilor a reçu il y a des années du ministère de la nourriture et de l'agriculture la droite de la représentation unique au FCI. Mais plus tard, notant la situation grave décrite ci-dessus, le ministère normalement et légalement décidée pour créer un corps représentatif unique avec l'FCI, c.-à-d. l'Autorité Canine Nationale Roumaine. Suivre des discussions, spécialistes ont été nommées de toutes les parties concernées, les critères de sélection uniques étant celle de compétence.
	8. Concernant l'importation non contrôlée des chiens, ce qui suit a été noté :
	- opérations laundrying de pure race dans la Roumanie ;
	- urgence des maladies telles que la brucellose due à l'infraction à des normes vétérinaires et sanitaires en vigueur, les
	maladies qui peuvent avoir des effets négatifs énormes au-dessus de cela peut avoir des effets négatifs énormes au-dessus de la population canine entière.
	9.. Il y avait des violations également notées de l'ordonnance 103/1998 publiée par le ministère de la nourriture et de l'agriculture concernant autorisation des établissements et du non-paiement des impôts relatifs au budget d'état.
	10.. Quant à l'homologation internationale des races nationales, après une analyse exécutée basée sur la documentation soumise et des réponses reçues, on a conclu ce qui suit:
	- le groupe mené par M. Petru Munteanu n'a pas observé les dispositions de la décision 17176/1998 publiée par le Ministère la Nourriture et l'Agriculture quant aux chiens de berger de Roumain et de l'activité d'homologation accordée en 1998 au Club
	National des Chiens Roumains de Berger - CNCCR
	La inobservance d'une telle décision a créé la confusion et le chaos avec les propriétaires et les sélectionneurs de tels chiens, particulièrement après la "création" et publication par le groupe ci-dessus d'une norme anormale de race ( comme exemple, selon cette norme, le berger roumain Mioritic ne devrait pas avoir des cheveux, tous les types de cheveux étant considérés comme défaut eliminatory )
	- la plante du pied a correctement préparé la documentation vérifiée ainsi que le président responsable à ce moment-là (décembre 1998) de la Commission de normes de l'FCI, Dr. J.M. Paschoud, particulièrement invité à Bucarest par M. Ioan Avram Muresan, ministre de nourriture et l'agriculture, était celle présentée près CNCCR.
	Considérant la demande de CNCCR's et le ralentissement derrière du berger roumain "Carpatin", M. Minister a décidé l'installation d'une commission spéciale pour cette race avec des membres de tous les secteurs où ces chiens sont race.
	Vu toute la ce qui précède, on l'a décidé
	l'installation de l'Autorité Canine Nationale Roumaine, avec les prérogatives clairement stipulées, que - nullement - tendra "nationalisent" les chiens, comme au commencement été d'avis par quelques personnes irresponsables L'autorité créera, en tant que n'importe où ailleurs dans le monde, un cadre juridique logique pour la mise en oeuvre de toutes les activités kenneling.

	Après la participation personnelle du ministre de la nourriture et de l'agriculture pour l'unification de tous les organismes chinologique et s'assurer d'une activité transparente, l'autorité pouvait présenter pour la première fois le chien roumain de berger Mioritic au Championnat du Monde - Milan 2000 où plus de 6000 chiens ont été exhibés devant plus d'un million de spectateurs.
	L'anthem national de la Roumanie a été entendu dans l'immense hall étaient le championnat a eu lieu étant donné que la Roumanie a été officiellement représentée par une organisation sous le patronage du Ministère de la Nourriture et de l'Agriculture, du Gouvernement Roumain et pas par un groupe légalement non-existant.
	Cette opinion a été clairement exprimée par les directeurs exécutifs du FCI et d'ENCI (Italie) qui ont souligné les deux leur accord pour l'inclusion de l'Autorité Canine Nationale Roumaine dans FCI aussi bien que pour la présentation du berger roumain Concernant les réclamations a augmenté en quelques journaux que le Ministère de la Nourriture et de l'Agriculture et l'Ambassade de l'Italie n'ont pas soutenu d'autres participants pour obtenir des visas, nous soumettent à une contrainte hors du fait que personne excepté les membres de CNCCR n'a demandé de tels visas et d'ailleurs, nous remercions de nouveau de l'appui personnel accordé par le Général Counsel de l'Italie à la délégation roumaine.
	Ce reste en tant qu'évident la position personnelle exprimée par l'arbitre hongrois présent à Milan à la télévision roumaine comme étant totalement opposé à l'homologation des chiens roumains de berger.
	Nous ne faisons aucun commentaire bien que communiqués de presse du Ministère de la Nourriture et l'Agriculture et l'Association
	Chinologique Roumaine ACHR - Calea Mosilor, légalement constitué, ont été envoyés également aux journaux, certains d'entre eux ont préféré casser les lois en ne vérifiant pas l'authenticité de leurs émetteurs d'informations et de ne pas entrer en contact avec le bureau de pression du ministère de la nourriture et de l'agriculture avant publication
	Conseiller de ministre
	Enea Ioan Truta

	Scientific report of the Surgery Department from the Veterinary Medicine University regarding specific medical aspects encountered at the Romanian Shepherd Mioritic and Carpathian Shepherd dog breeds, necessary to be known during the process of the international recognition of the two breeds

	In Romania the dog research activity has very rarely been executed and only at the Veterinarian Universities throughout the country and in Bucharest and never within the chinological clubs existent until until 1998.
	The characteristics of the Romanian Mioritic and Carpathian shepherd dog breeds and also the development of the national chinological sciences after 1989, have made necessary to appear and to develop some of the studies, concepts, techniques and new methods of working with these aspects.
	In this way, The University for Agricultural science and veterinarian medicine from Bucharest , with the help of FMV Bucharest, began in 1998 a collaboration on multiple levels with the National Club for Romanian Shepherds-CNCCR from Bucharest, having both the common goal of international recognition of the two dog breeds .
	This organization has been chosen due to its specific non profit activity, its purpose regarding the recognition of the two breeds , its unique character , being the only Romanian chinological department specialized for these two breeds.
	Institution specialized in these two dog , breeds but also due to its official nominee coming from the Department of Diet and Agriculture through the order 17178/1998 , through which the department recognized the CNCCR as being the only habilitated institution able to handle all problems related to the Romanian shepherd breeds , both internal and international .
	Following the official visit of the president of the Standard and Recognizion Commission of the FCI International Chinological Federation – dr. Jean Maurice Paschoud in December 1998 , during the scientific conferences led by him and which took place at the University of Veterinary Medicine with the main theme of scientific realization of the files for the international recognition of the two dog breeds together with members of the University desks and the National Club of the Romanian Shepherds-CNCCR , a series of important aspects were pointed out which need to be followed in the process of creating the files for recognition from the medical and scientific points of view . The conclusions drawn were put into practice during the National Program of Selection and Reproduction realized between 1999 and the current year by the University and the CNCCR.
	From the point of view of the Surgery Clinic, this program has materialized in the following aspects:
	1.The creation of the techno-medical base and the techniques for measuring the parameters of the two dog breeds starting 04.04.1998 based on criteria required by the International Canine Federation FCI and they were a national premiere.
	2.The creation of databases together with the National Club of Romanian Shepherds CNCCR regarding the number and quality of authorized breeders and their products. These databases were obtained by verifying a number of 2675 dogs belonging to both dog breeds , from the point of view of the hip displasya , different forms of rachitis, ophthalmic heterochromia, progressive retinian atrophy, epilepsy forms etc
	3.Creation of council methods for owners and breeders of such dogs , regarding the advantages of using authorized breeders , for the purpose of dropping and eliminating risk factors regarding the appearance and/or perpetuation of genetic transmission diseases.
	4.Creation of blood lines under strict medical control with the purpose of avoiding frequent frauds met under this aspect in Romanian chinology
	5.Publication of scientific articles in specialized media for the purpose of growing the popularity of this program and its advantages through the extension to other dog breeds.
	6.Training, recognition and annual recycling of referees and candidates for referee job for the two dog breeds from within the National Club CNCCR b, is being made with the direct involvement of a representative for the University, in the purpose of raising the level of theoretical and practical training of the referees


	1.The creation of the techno-medical base and the techniques for measuring the parameters of the two dog breeds starting 04.04.1998 in a national premiere in Romania.

	The first attempt of standardization of the two dog breeds, cats back to 1984, when the members of the Iasi University of Veterinary Medicine together with the Romanian Chinological Association ACHR, Selection and Agricultural Reproduction under the command of the Department of Agriculture and Diet – Suceava County Branch , initiated in Suceava the first standardization action for the two dog breeds, by making some measurements on a non-specified number of dogs from that area .
	Unfortunately, even though the petition for recording these first standards was recorded and published in the Official Monitor – the Government’s official newspaper, it was not accompanied by the text of the standards.
	The first correct attempt of standardization from the scientific point of view has been made at the first stage of the National Championship, organized by the National Club together with the University of Veterinary Medicine in 04.04.1998, the date when members of the board, took zoometric measurements on a number of 436 dogs belonging to both breeds.
	Having obtaining the measurements results, the first official standards were made and recorded by the National Club and the Department of Agriculture and Diet according to the requirements of the International Canine Federation .
	This way, a number of 36 definitive parameters have been created of which we can mention : garrot and back height, nose length, skull, ears, neck, body, members and bones composing them : hook, tibia, femur etc and tail; angulation of articulations, skull dimensions; nose, skull, chest, thoraw and pelvin biped large; length, density, color and type of hair; the aspects of tail; form and color of the eyes and the frequency of ophthalmic heterochromia, eyelids, nose and lips depigmentation, third – eyelid protrusion< number, forms, color and dimension of nails and the procentage and number of posteriors rudimentar fingers; forms and dimension of pows; number and the aspects of the teeth

	2.The creation of databases together with the National Club of Romanian Shepherds Dogs – CNCCR regarding the number and quality of authorized breeders and their products. These databases were obtained by verifying a number of _______ dogs belonging to both dog breeds , from the point of view of the hip dysplasia , different forms of rachitis, ocular heterochromia, progressive retinal atrophy, epilepsy

	The control of the entropion

	Entropion, inward rolling or turning of the eyelid margin, is a common eyelid disorder.
	It may by congenital, spastic or acquired; the congenital entropion can by an hereditary disease in romanian shepherd: 12 – 15% in Mioritic Romanian Shepherd and 7-9% in Carpatin Roumanian Shepherd
	Clinical signs: epiphora, blepharospasm (the eyelid surface may be excoriated and white from constant with tears), rubbing at the affected area, corneal ulceration and vascularisation in chronic cases, purulent conjunctivitis, rolling of the lid.
	Congenital entropion usually affects both eyes, although occasionally only eye is affected.
	The whole length of the lid may be affected in severe cases, but the affected area is usually restricted to one portion of the margin; the upper lid is less commonly affected than the lower; congenital entropion in dogs frequently affects the lateral parts of both the upper and lower lid.
	The treatment in congenital entropion is only surgical and is necessary to be made at an ophthalmology clinic by a veterinary ophthalmologist with experience
	In nature, the subjects with congenital entropion will not surviving because they made the secondary infections in the eyes.


	3.Creation of council methods for owners and breeders of such dogs , regarding the advantages of using authorized breeders , for the purpose of dropping and eliminating risk factors regarding the appearance and/or perpetuation of genetic transmission diseases.

	The initiative of the National Club of Romanian Shepherds CNCCR to introduce in a national premiere, as a form in the reproduction activity , the mating contract - the birth of the puppies was big step in raising the safety for the mating of the dogs registered as being parents . The idea of registering this form for the insemination type : natural, artificial, both methods, permitted the representatives of our board to verify and authenticate the missing of congenital anomalies or hereditary diseases before the mating , when they took place at the gynecology – obstetrics clinic of the University of Veterinary Medicine.
	The National Club of Romania Shepherds CNCCR representative would take part at the medical exam, certifying through his signature both the checking of the partners as well as the execution of the mating along with the owner’s signatures. Even from the beginning the owner of a Romanian shepherd is guided to the club by our clinic for verification and recording of the growing parameters, correct medication for growth and maintenance.
	At the clinic the owner is informed about the advantages and disadvantages of different methods of treatment and prophylaxis of illnesses specific to canine breeds by the clinic’s qualified personal and a preliminary check for these illnesses and anomalies with hereditary transmission is made.
	The surgery clinic’s representative often explains the importance of this act from the medical and scientific point of view, presenting to the Romanian shepherd owner the entire cycle of activities that take place in the clinic and help both the animal and the owner to become familiar with the presence of the referee and doctor, avoiding this way the typical stress of such an encounter. This way, one of the problems raised in the maintenance of the specimens of Romanian shepherds has been explained and was understood. This consists of the tendency of appearance for ear infections, as a result of un appropriate cleaning of the ears.
	Another method adopted together with the National Club of Romanian Shepherds CNCCR, by our surgery clinic was that of finding the optimal ways of reducing the appearance of specimens from the Romanian shepherd breed with no hair on their nose and paws, fact which is considered to be an eliminating factor in reproduction and is frequently found in breeding house and kennels as:“de Brillantim” , “de Radauti”, “Gheorghe Cretu House”, “de Greycib”, and specimens coming from breeders and owners (shepherds) not registered with the National Club or Romanian Shepherds CNCCR from Moldova area and Transylvania.
	This disease is corroborated with others genetic diseases such as : ocular heterochromia- met at some products of the kennel “Gheorghe Cretu House” and/or depigmentation of the iris and eyelids in other house/ dogs breeding


	4.Creation of the blood lines under strict medical control with the purpose of avoiding frequent frauds met under this aspect in Romanian ACHR association
	Through its own activity reproduction control, the National Club of Romanian Shepherds CNCCR, having at its disposal the scientific and technological means to investigate and perform artificial inseminations provided by the gynecology – obstetrics clinic, was able to form ____ lines of blood on 3 known generations and without inbreeding and ____ lines of inbreeding destined to the amelioration of the breed. Also, with the participation of the Surgery Clinic representatives, the National Club of Romanian Shepherds , has significantly raised the level of confidence in these institutions and in the quality of the performances in a time of a low level of trust in reproduction activities made by other canine organization which are full of errors and fakes in statements regarding the ….. like it is stated in the note of the minister of agriculture from the year 2000 or by comparing different papers of origin emitted for Romanian shepherd dogs by organizations that are not authorized by the Romanian Government and recognized or not by the International Canine Federation . For to be well understanding how hard it is to put, in the context of the canine movement in Romania excepting the National Club of Romanian Shepherds , a diagnostic regarding the hip displasya, we can only think that X rays and papers that cannot be verified for the presented dogs, emitted by unspecialized doctors. So we think, that at least for the selection of specimens with hip displasya in Romania for the German Shepard canine breed, it would theoretically be necessary for the German method to be adopted. The animal would be considered having hip displasya if three specialists would give the verdict and two would say the animal is healthy.
	Unfortunately, the lack of will to work together shown by the clinics of the University of Veterinary Medicine lead to the appearance of a very large number of specimens other dog breeds with major genetic malformations and that is why we consider an example this partnership between the University of Veterinary Medicine and the National Club of Romanian Shepherds and the breeders and owners of Romanian shepherds.
	Between 1998 and 2003, after verifying , with these procedures , only in the case of the University of Veterinary Medicine , the surgery clinic verify the quality at the reproductions subjects last of 1200 dogs Romanian shepherds, the National Club of Romanian Shepherds , was able to give the recommendation for reproduction R(++) and implicitly confirmed the obtaining of titles for National Champion for number of ___ males and females; the recommendation for assisted reproduction R(-) to a number of 400 reproductive males and excluded from reproduction 120 male specimens (under standard height, quality and insufficient coverage of hair, ocular heterochromia)
	A number of 2650 of specimens of Romanian shepherds Mioritic and 1234 Carpathian shepherds are registered with the National Club of Romanian Shepherds CNCCR. All these dogs were chinnological registered from 1984.
	This way were created, based on verifications of reproductive quality a number of inbreeding lines destined exclusively for breeds amelioration and a number of ____ lines on 3 generations without inbreeding destined to realize the requirements of the International Canine Federation for the file of international recognize.



	5.Publication of the scientific issues in the special revues and magazines for a better media coverage of this program and the advantage in other dogs breeds.

	Lately, within the University of Veterinary Medicine have developed like a necessity, small animals specializations, the first place being occupied by canine pathology.
	If we add to all this to the fact that the university of Bucharest was proposed to be accredited in the European Community and for that in the analytical program were introduced new disciplines in order to make more uniform the teaching process such as Small animals clinic. It is obvious the increasing interest for doctor specialization in canine pathology and for a discipline taught separately in this field.
	At the last National Congress of Veterinary Medicine the number of the works on small animal pathology represented over 50% of all the works presented.
	Presently, the teaching stuff of the University is involved in different activities that should make popular pets pathology using the mass media such as two permanent TV shows and 3 permanent radio broadcasts. There are also several publications having as subject canine pathology, as for example: two weekly magazines having informative and publicist character and two monthly magazines with scientific character.
	Once or twice a month the University is host of several seminaries on small animal pathology, those seminaries being sponsored by firms distributing medicaments and animal food. Lectors of the University and invitees from other countries such as Hungary, Belgium, France, Slovakia, Austria or Poland are invited to sustain these seminaries.


	6. Training , recognition and annual recycling of referees and candidates for referee job for the two dog breeds from within the National Club , is being made with the direct involvement of a representative for the University , in the purpose of raising the level of theoretical and practical training of the referees

	Right from the beginning of the preparation of the candidates for referees positions and internal / international referees of the National Club of Romanian Shepherds, certified for Romanian shepherd breeds go through a course of preparation and information at the surgery clinic, whose role is to inform correctly and to offer a knowledge package , scientific and medical, strictly necessary for the good development of the activities as an authorized canine referee for these two dog breeds. During the recycling and annual exams the referees of the National Club of Romanian Shepard have to go through a quiz with questions from anatomy, canine pathology made up by the clinic’s specialists.
	In the purpose of growing the relational interactivity between the Surgery Clinic of the University of Veterinary Medicine and the National Club of Romanian Shepherds CNCCR, a member of the clinic was certified to be an internal referee and two other members as candidates for a referee job for the two dog breeds dating back to 1998.

	Head of the Surgery Department ,

	I. Miclăuş DVM, PhD
	dosarul medical al clinicii de chirurgie din FMV Bucuresti

	UNIVERSITATEA DE STIINTE AGRICOLE SI MEDICINĂ VETERINARĂ – BUCURESTI

	FACULTATEA DE MEDICINĂ VETERINARĂ
	CLINICA DE CHIRURGIE
	Splaiul Independenţei Nr. 105, sector 5, BUCURESTI, ROMÂNIA
	TELEFON: 4.11.27.87; 4.10.14.05; Fax : 4.11.98.02


	RAPORTUL STIINTIFIC AL CATEDREI DE CHIRURGIE DIN CADRUL USAMV -FMV BUCURESTI CU PRIVIRE LA ASPECTELE MEDICALE SPECIFICE
	intalnite la rasele de caini ciobaneşti
	romanesti mioritic şi carpatin necesare a fi cunoscute in cadrul activitatilor de omologare internationala a acestor doua rase

	In Romania activitatea de cercetare chinologica din punct de vedere stiintific nu s-a executat decat foarte rar in cadrul unitatilor Facultatilor de Medicina Veterinara – FMV din tara mai ales in Bucuresti si deloc in cadrul formatiunilor chinologice existente pana in 1998
	Caracteristicile morfo-fiziologice ale raselor de caini ciobanesti romanesti mioritic si carpatin precum si dezvoltarea chinologiei nationale de dupa 1998 au facut imperios necesare aparitia si dezvoltarea unor studii, concepte, tehnici si metode de lucru noi sub acest aspect. In acest sens, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole si Medicina Veterinara din Bucuresti, prin intermediul FMV Bucuresti a inceput odata cu anul 1998 o colaborare pe multiple planuri cu Clubul National de Caini Ciobanesti din Bucuresti – CNCCR in vederea realizarii in comun a procesului de omologare internationala a celor doua rase nationale.
	A fost aleasa aceasta organizatie datorita specificului activitatii sale non profit, a scopului sau legat de omologarea celor doua rase, a caracterului sau unic la data repectiva fiind singurul organism chinologic din Romania unic specializat in aceste 2 rase, dar si datorita nominalizarii oficiale venite din partea Ministerului Agriculturii si Alimentatiei - MAA prin ordinul 17178/1998 , ordin prin care acesta recunoaste CNCCR ca fiind „unicul organism abilitat sa se ocupe de toate problemele legate de rasele de caini ciobanesti romanesti in plan intern si international .”
	In urma vizitei oficiale a presedintelui in exercitiu la acea data a Comisiei de Omologari si Standarde a Federatiei Chinologice Internationale - FCI, dr.Jean Maurice Paschoud, din dec 1998 in cadrul lucrarilor conferintei stiintifice conduse de domnia sa si desfaurate la sediul FMV pe aceasta tema a realizarii din punct de vedere stiintific a dosarelor de omologare internationala a celor doua rase de caini ciobanesti romanesti, impreuna cu membrii catedrelor FMV si ai conducerii CNCCR, s-au relevat o serie de apecte importante de urmarit in alcatuirea doarelor de omologare din punct de vedere medical si stiintific.
	Concluziile trase atunci au fost puse in practica in cadrul Programului National de Selectie si Reproductie Dirijata realizat intre 1999 si anul curent de catre FMV- Bucuresti si CNCCR.
	Din punctul de vedere al Clinicii de Chirurgie acest lucru s-a materializat prin urmatoarele apecte:
	1. Punerea la punct a bazei tehnico-materiale si a tehnicilor de masurare a indicilor si parametrilor morfo-fiziologici la cele doua rase incepand 04.04.1998 dupa criteriile solicitate de catre FCI,in premiera nationala in Romania.
	2. Crearea unor baze de date impreuna cu CNCCR legate de numarul si calitatea reproducatorilor autorizati de catre club si a produsilor lor. Aceste baze de date
	s-au obtinut prin verificarea unui numar de 2675 exemplare apartinand ambelor rase din punct de vedere al existentei displaziei coxofemurale, a diverselor forme de rahitism, a heterocromiei oculare, a atrofiei retiniene progresive, a .formelor de epilepsie, etc .
	3. Stabilirea unor metode de consiliere a proprietarilor si crescatorilor de astfel de caini cu privire la avantajele folosirii reproducatorilor autorizati si atestati de catre CNCCR, in vederea scaderii si a eliminarii factorilor de risc in ceea ce priveste aparitia si/sau perpetuarea unor maladii si boli cu transmisibilitate genetica.
	4. Formarea unor linii de sange sub strict control medical in scopul eludarii frecventelor fraude intalnite sub acest apect in chinologia romana
	5. Publicarea de articole stiintifice in presa de specialitate pentru popularizarea acestui program si a avantajelor sale prin extinderea si la celelalte rase de caini
	6. Pregatirea, atestarea si reciclarea anuala a arbitrilor si candidatilor de arbitrii pentru cele doua rase de caini ciobanesti romanesti din cadrul CNCCR se face si cu participarea directa a unui reprezentant al catedrei in scopul ridicarii nivelului de pregatire teoretica si practica a acestora
	1. Punerea la punct a bazei tehnico-materiale si a tehnicilor de masurare a indicilor si parametrilor morfologici la cele doua rase incepand 04.04.1998 in premiera nationala in Romania.
	Prima incercare de standardizare a acestor doua rase naturale dateaza din anul 1984 cand membrii Facultatii de Medicina Veterinara din Iasi impreuna cu Centrul
	National de Crestere, Selectie si Reproductie in Agricultura din subordinea Ministerului Agriculturii si Alimentatiei – MAA, filiala judetului Suceava a initiat la Suceava prima actiune de standardizare a raselor de caini ciobanesti romanesti mioritic si carpatin prin efectuarea unor masuratori pe un lot neprecizat de exemplare din acea zona geografica.
	Din pacate desi cererea de inregistrare a acestor prime standarde a fost inregistrata, aprobata si publicata in Monitorul Oficial – ziarul oficial al Guvernului Romaniei, ea nu fost insotita si de textul acestor standarde, chinologii de la acea data necunoscand procedurile tehnice si juridice legate de inregistrarea unei atfel de documentatii.
	Aceasta situatie delicata a necesitat implicarea ulterioara a FMV Buc in rezolvarea din punct de vedere stiintific a problemelor ridicate de restandardizarea corecta a acestor doua rase.
	Prima restandardizare corecta din punct de vedere stiintific si chinotechnic a fost efectuata odata cu prima etapa a primului Campionat National organizat de catre CNCCR impreuna cu FMV in 04.04.1998, data cand membrii catedrei au efectuat masuratori zoometrice pe un ention de 436 de caini din ambele rase .
	In baza rezultatelor acestor masuratori s-au intocmit si inregistrat de catre CNCCR la MAA primele standarde oficiale ale celor doua rase in conformitate cu cerintele FCI si normele OSIM.Astfel s-au masurat un numar de peste 36 de parametrii definitorii pentru rasa dintre care enumeram: inaltimea la greaban si la spate; lungimea botului, craniului, urechilor, gatului, trunchiului, membrelor anterioare si posterioare si oaselor ce le compun- jaretul,tibie, femur,etc si a cozii;angulatiile articulatiilor; rapoartele craniene; latimea botului, craniului, pieptului, toracelui si a zonei posterioare;lungimea, densitatea, gradul de acoperire, culoarea si tipul firului de par; modul de prindere si purtare in actiune si repaos a cozii; forma, dispunerea si culoarea ochilor si incidenta aparitiei heterocromiei oculare, a depigmentarilor pleoapelor, trufei si buzelor, si a prolapsului pleopei a-III-a; numarul, forma, culoarea si marimea unghiilor si procentajul si numarul de pinteni posteriori; forma si marimea amprenrei plantare /labelor; dantura ca numar si asezare,etc

	2. Crearea unor baze de date impreuna cu CNCCR legate de numarul si calitatea reproducatorilor autorizati de catre club si a produsilor lor. Aceste baze de date s-au obtinut prin verificarea unui numar de 2675 exemplare apartinnd ambelor rase din punct de vedere al existentei displaziei coxofemurale, a diverselor forme de rahitism, a heterocromiei oculare, a atrofiei retiniene progresive, a .formelor de epilepsie, etc .

	CONTROLUL DISPLAZIEI SOLDULUI
	Consideram ca displazia de dezvoltare a soldului se realizeaza in anume conditii la anume indivizi de caini si ea reprezinta o inbcompleta dezvoltare a soldului (a articulatiei coxofemurale) ceea ce poate duce la o defectiune majora tradusa prin defecte de aplomb, durere si nu de putine ori a agravarii acestei situatii prin dezarticularea spontana a capului femural de cavitatea acetabulara aparand de aceasta data luxatia coxofemurala.
	Displazia inseamna anomalia de dezvoltare pe de o parte a cavitatii acetabulare, pe de alta parte a capului si gatului femural articular proximal, sau o dezvoltare redusa a gatului femurului (portiunea dintre capul articular si corpul femural) in asa fel incat unghiul ce se formeaza intre suprafata articulara si verticalizarea femurului sa nu mai cuprinda 120-130grade si astfel sa apara o imperfecta cuplare a celor doua suprafete articulare una din partea coxalului celalta din partea femurului.
	Iata ca de la inceput problema displaziei de sold se imparte in doua: o displazie de dezvoltare a cavitatii acetabulare care este numita DDH (development dyspasia
	of za sip) sau o diplazie de col femural. Facem precizarea expresa ca aceasta afectiune este transmisa genetic, ca este semnalata la om si animale deopotriva si ca ea poate fi diagnosticata atunci cand este majora in primele zile de viata la ambele specii dar se manifesta la o varsta relativ inaintata pentru specia canina si anume intre (5-6 )–(11-12) luni
	La caine, prin selectii repetate si consangvinizari repetate, atunci cand s-a incercat a se creea rase noi si a se obtine exemplare cu calitati deosebite au aparut frecvent si structuri defecte, structuri care se refereau in special la parti anatomice si fiziologice determinate de imperfectiuni ale matricei genetice, defecte cu caracter recesiv cu exprimare mai mult sau mai putin completa dar cel mai important cu
	transmitere la descendenti.
	Iata de ce pentru animalele care sunt diagnosticate cu displazie de sold este impetuos necesara pe langa repararea individuala pentru aceasta afectiune tradusa printr-o interventie chirurgicala sau un tratament conservator care nu de putine ori poate duce la rezultate de ameliorare semnificativa, acesta trebuie exclus de la reproductie iar medicul ce face interventia chirurgicala sau cea conservatoare ar trebui in mod obligatoriu sa castreze exemplarul respectiv indiferent de vointa proprietarului. Consecintele majore ale displaziei de sold la caine sunt traduse printr-o coaptare defectuoasa a capului femural in cavitatea acetabulara cu o evolutie rapida catre o artroza a acestei articulatii.
	Semnele clinice ale displaziei de sold pot fi sistematizate in doua faze:
	- o prima faza este determinata de durere in timpul miscarii (locomotiei) la sfarsitul perioadei de crestere, durere ce este insotita de o pozitie anormala a aplombului membrului afectat, tradusa prin departarea articulatiei grasetului de trunchi si apropierea jaretelor (tibio-tarso-metatarsiena) refuzul miscarilor ce solicita aceste articulatii cum ar fi mersul la trap, sarituri, oboseala accentuata si prematura.
	-faza a doua apare in jurul varstei de doi ani, atunci cand artroza este deja prezenta, animalul refuzand in marea majoritate a timpului sa faca sprijin pe piciorul afectat iar la o inspectie atenta si fortarea articulatiei animalul prezinta durere vie.
	Displazia poate fi diagnosticata de la o varsta amintita anterior(5-6 luni) atat clinic,cat si prin investigatii paraclinice si anume examenul radiologic.
	Din punct de vedere al angrenajului intre cavitatea acetabulara si capul articular al femurului displazia de sold se imparte in 4 grade (de la 1 la 4) a caror gravitate creste in ordine numerica.

	Criterii de selectie pentru evitarea displaziei de sold.
	Printre criteriile majore de selectie in vederea evitarii acestei tare genetice se numara excluderea de la reproductie a animalelor diagnosticate prin examen radiologic cu displazie de sold.
	Un alt criteriu este evaluarea gradului de risc genetic al unui reproducator efectuata asupra tuturor descendentilor acestuia, lucru foarte greu de rezolvat.
	O problema majora o prezinta faptul ca displazia poate fi diagnosticata cu certitudine la o varsta de 12-18 luni timp, in care nu de putine ori masculul este folosit la reproductie iar la alegerea si selectia puilor aceasta boala nu se poate manifesta clinic cu certitudine in asa fel incat puiul sa poata fi eliminat.
	Revenind la problema arzatoare a displaziei de sold, la exemplarele din rasele ciobanesc mioritic si carpatin facem precizarea ca selectia naturala care a facut sa dainuie si sa mentina aceste rase sute de ani, omul intervenind mai mult sau mai putin agresiv in potrivirea perechilor si selectia artificiala, a condus la exemplare sanatoase la care displazia de sold nu este manifesta.
	Vorbind in continuare de selectia naturala putem face precizarea ca exemplarele
	care eventual au fost purtatoare de aceasta maladie nu au putut face fata conditiilor naturale de mediu: inaltimile subalpine si alpine , dusmanilor oilor si a ciobanilor, tranhumantei in sine,iar in lupta cu salbaticiunile datorita faptului ca ele nu puteau sa stea bine infipte pe picioare atat in urmarirea dusmanului cat si in lupta propriuzisa cu acesta, erau rapuse.
	Iata cum in mediul natural al acestor rase selectia naturala a actionat la nivelul pastrarii calitatilor fizice de forta, viteza, echilibru, agilitate, rezistenta dar mai putin la nivelul pastrarii caracteristicilor chinologice legate de aspectul exterior acest lucru fiind ca intotdeauna sarcina chinologilor.
	Aceasta lipsa a gravei afectiuni despre care este vorba, displazia de sold ,poate fi confirmata la exemplarele inregistrate a celor doua rase de caini ciobanesti romanesti in cadrul CNCCR (Clubul National de Caini Ciobanesti Romanesti) in care au fost verificate cu ajutorul Clinicii de Chirurgie un numar reprezentativ de animale –peste 3000 in 5 ani de zile
	Este necesar sa precizam ca la rasa ciobanesc romanesc mioritic a fost diagnosticat clinic si radiologic, ca manifestand displazie de sold de gradul 1 spre 2, un singur exemplar provenind din canisa de Brillantim , acesta fiind eliminat de la reproductie prin castrare.
	La ciobanescul carpatin s-au intalnit pana in prezent 7 exemplare provenind din canisele de Humor, de Baltag, de Cimbru, in general din zonele Bucovinei de Nord si Bistritei.
	Din pacate acesti crescatori nu fac parte din CNCCR si nu s-au putut lua masuri suplimentare de protectie a rasei decat de excludere de la reproductie si de urmarire si
	diagnoticare a tuturor produsilor proveniti din aceste canise.
	Tinand cont de faptul ca standardele acestor doua rase prevad o inaltime la greban minima, iar pentru inaltimea maxima limita nu este precizata aceste exemplare putand ajunge la inaltimi impresionante si datorita cresterii lor rapide intr-un timp relativ scurt trei pana la 6-7 luni, sunt detul de multe exemplarele care pot avea malformatii dobandite dar nu congenitale ale osaturii traduse prin sechele de rahitism care pot duce in final dupa o examinare succinta si mai putin competenta la un diagnostic fals de displazie de sold.
	Pentru a intelege cat de greu se poate pune un diagnostic pentru displazia de sold putem aminti aici metoda germana de selectie si eliminare a exemplarelor cu displazie in cadrul rasei de caini Ciobanesc German conform careia ar fi nevoie de intrunirea unei comisii medicale formata din cinci specialisti care da examineze clinic si radiologic un anume exemplar. Animalul ar fi considerat cu displazie de sold daca trei din cei cinci specialisti opteaza pentru diagnostic de displazie si doi nu. Daca raportul este invers animalul ar fi considerat sanatos.

	CONCLUZII
	In incheiere putem afirama ca aceasta grava maladie frecvent intalnita la rasele selectionate de caini cum ar fi Ciobanesc German, Rotwailer, Doberman etc. nu este prezenta in cadrul celor doua rase de caini ciobanesti Romanesti si nu se impune introducerea in standardul raselor a obligativitatii controlului radiologic si clinic al exemplarelor inainte de selectiile pentru reproductie si concursurilor de frumusete.

	3. Stabilirea unor metode de consiliere a proprietarilor si crecatorilor de astfel de caini cu privire la avantajele folosirii reproducatorilor autorizati si atestati de catre CNCCR, in vederea scaderii si a eliminarii factorilor de risc in ceea ce priveste aparitia si/sau perpetuarea unor maladii si boli cu transmisibilitate genetica.
	Initiativa CNCCR de a introduce in premiera nationala, ca tipizat in activitatea de reproductie, contractul de monta – fatare a fost un pas important in marirea sigurantei in ceea ce priveste executarea montelor cu cainii inscrisi ca fiind genitori.Ideea inscrierii in acest tipizat a felului inseminarii : natural, artificial, ambele metode, a permis reprezentantilor catedrei noastre sa verifice si sa autentifice lipsa unor malformatii congenitale sau a unor tare ereditare inainte de executarea montelor la parteneri atunci cand ele aveau loc in clinica de ginecologie-obstetrica a FMV.
	Reprezentantul CNCCR lua parte la controlul medical efectuat, certificand prin semnatura sa atat controlul partenerilor cat executarea montei alaturi de semnaturile proprietarilor. Inca din perioda de inceput proprietarul unui exemplar de ciobanesc romanesc este indrumat de catre club catre Clinica noastra pentru verificarea si inregistrarea parametrilor de crestere,stabilirea corecta a medicamentatiei de crestere si intretinere. La clinica proprietarul este informat depre avantajele si dezavantajele diverselor metode de tratament si profilaxie a bolilor si maladiilor specifice raselor canine de catre personalul calificat al clinicii si se face si verificarea primara cu privire la aceste maladii si malformatii cu transmie ereditara...
	Reprezentantul Clinicii de Chirurgie explica deasemenea importanta actului din punct de vedere medical si stiintific prezentand proprietarului de caine ciobanesc romanesc intreg ciclul de activitati desfasurate in cadrul clinicii si ajuta atat animalul cat si proprietarul sa se familiarizeze cu prezenta medicului si a arbitrului evitand stresul tipic unei astfel de intalniri .Astfel s-a explicat si inteles mult mai usor una din problemele specifice ridicate in intretinerea exemplarelor rasei de ciobanesc romanesc mioritic si anume tendinta de aparitie a otitelor infectioase , ca urmare a incorectei curatiri si toaletari a pavilionului urechii.
	O alta metoda adoptata in comun cu CNCCR de catre clinica de chirurgie a fost aceea de gasi modalitatile optime de reducere a aparitiei exemplarelor din rasa ciobanesc romanesc mioritic care nu au par pe bot si pe labe, fapt ce este considerat un defect eliminatoriu de la reproductie si care este foarte frecvent intalnit in canisele de Brillantim, de Radauti, de Casa Gheorghe Cretu, de Greycib dintre cele mai cunoscute, si la exemplarele provenind de la detinatori si crescatori ( ciobani ) neinregistrati de catre CNCCR din zona Moldovei si a Transilvaniei. Acest defect este coroborat uneori si cu alte defecte ca heterocromia oculara – canisa de Casa Gheorghe Cretu si/sau cu depigmentari masive ale ochilor si pleoapelor celelalte canise enumerate mai sus.

	4. Formarea unor linii de sange sub strict control medical in scopul eludarii frecventelor fraude intalnite sub acest apect in chinologia romana
	Prin activitatea de dirijare si control a reproductiei CNCCR, avand la dispozitie si mijloacele de stiintifice si tehnice de investigare si executare a inseminarilor artificiale puse la dipozitie de catre clinica de ginecologie - obstetrica a putut forma 67 linii de sange pe 3 generatii cunocute si fara consangvinizare si 17 linii de consangvinizare
	destinate ameliorarii rasei. Totodata prin participarea reprezentantilor Clinicii de Chirurgie si ai CNCCR a crescut drastic increderea in aceste institutii si in calitatea performantelor lor pe fondul unei scaderi generale a increderii in activitatile de reproductie efectuate in celelalte organizatii chinologice in care abunda greselile si falsurile in declaratii in ceea ce priveste genitorii asa dupa cum reiese din nota ministrului agriculturii din anul 2000 sau prin compararea diverselor acte de origine eliberate pentru caini ciobanesti romanesti de organizatii neautorizate in acest sens de Guvernul Romaniei si recunoscute sau nu de FCI. Pentru a intelege cat de greu se poate pune in cadrul actualei miscari chinologice din Romania, exceptand CNCCR, un diagnostic corect pentru displazia de sold putem sa ne gandim doar la faptul ca se folosesc, atunci cand se folosesc, radiografii si adeverinte neverificabile pentru cainii prezentati, eliberate de medici nespecialisti. Desi credem noi, cel putin pentru selectia si eliminarea exemplarelor cu displazie in cadrul rasei de caini Ciobanesc German din Romania ar fi nevoie teoretic de copierea modelului german ( intrunirea unei comisii medicale formata din cinci specialisti care sa examineze clinic si radiologic un anume exemplar. Animalul ar fi considerat cu displazie de sold daca trei din cei cinci specialisti opteaza pentru diagnostic de displazie si doi nu. Daca raportul ar fi invers animalul ar fi considerat sanatos).
	Din pacate inexitenta dorintei de colaborare cu clinicile de specialitate ale FMV au condus la aparitia unui numar foarte mare de produsi la celelalte rase cu grave malformatii genetice si de aceea consideram salutar acest exemplu de colaborare intre FMV, CNCCR si crescatorii si detinatorii de ciobanesti romanesti
	Intre 1998 si 2003 dupa verificarea ,cu ajutorul acestor procedee, doar in cadrul FMV clinica de chirurgie a calitatilor de reproducatori a peste 1200 de exemplare de caini ciobanesti romanesti mioritici si carpatini, Cartea de Origine Romana COR - CNCCR a putut acorda recomandarea pentru reproductie R(++) si implicit a confirmat obtinerea titlurilor de Campion Romania a unui numar de 28 masculi si femele; recomandarea pentru reproductie dirijata R(-) unui numar de 400 de reproducatori masculi, si a exclus de la reproductie un numar de 120 de exemplare masculi ( pentru talie substandard, calitate si acoperire insuficienta a parului, heterocromie oculara, etc).
	COR – CNCCR are inregistrate la acest moment in evidentele sale 2650 de exemplare de mioritici si 1234 de carpatini.Toti acesti caini au fost inregistrati dpdv chinologic incepand cu anul 1984.
	Astfel au fost create pe baza acestor verificari a calitatii reproducatorilor un numar de linii de consangvinizare destinate excluiv ameliorarii raselor si un numar de 67 linii pe 3 generatii fara consangvinizare destinat realizarii cerintelor FCI pentru dosarul de omologare internationala.
	5. Publicarea de articole stiintifice in presa de specialitate pentru popularizarea acestui program si a avantajelor sale prin extinderea si la celelalte rase de caini
	In cadrul FMV în ultimul timp s-au dezvoltat ca o necesiate specializarile pentru animalele de companie in cadrul carora câinii ocupă primul loc.
	Dacă la aceasta se mai adaugă şi faptul că Facultatea de Medicină Veterinară din Bucureşti a fost propusă pentru acreditare în Comunitatea Europeană şi pentru aceasta în programa de învăţămînt au apărut discipline noi pentru uniformizarea procesului didactic cum ar fi : Clinica animalelor de companie; se vede interesul crescut în ultima perioadă atât pentru specializarea medicilor pe problematic patologiei canine cât şi a unei discipline predate separat în acest domeniu.
	La ultimul Congres Naţional de Medicină Veterinară numarul lucrărilor ce au avut ca subiect patologia animalelor de companie au ocupat peste 50% din totalul lucrărilor prezentate.
	În prezent personalul didactic al Facultâţii este angrenat în realizarea unor proiecte de popularizare a patologiei animalelor de companie ale mass-mediei dintre care putem aminti : două emisiuni săptămânale cu caracter informativ şi publicitar şi două reviste cu caracter ştiinţific .
	Pe lîngă toate acestea Facultate de Medicină Veterinară din Bucureşti patronează lunar sau bilunar seminarii legate de patologia animalelor de companie sponsorizante de firme de medicamente şi hrana pentru animale de companie unde sunt invitate să susţină conferinţe atât cadrele didactice din facultate căt si invitaţi din alte ţări cum ar fi : Ungaria, Belgia, Franţa, Slovacia, Austria, Polonia etc.

	6. Pregatirea, atestarea si reciclarea anuala a arbitrilor si candidatilor de arbitrii pentru cele doua rase de caini ciobanesti romanesti din cadrul CNCCR se face si cu participarea directa a unui reprezentant al catedrei in scopul ridicarii nivelului de pregatire teoretica si practica a acestora
	Inca din momentul initial al pregatirii viitorilor candidati de arbitrii si arbitrii interni si internationali ai CNCCR atestati pentru rasele de ciobanesti romanesti acestia parcurg un curs de pregatire si informare in cadrul clinicii de chirurgie care are rolul de a informa corect si de a pune la dispozitie un bagaj de cunostiinte stiintifice si medicale strict necesar in buna desfasurare a activitatii de arbitru chinolog autorizat pentru aceste 2 rase canine.
	In cadrul reciclarilor si examenelor anuale de atestare arbitrii CNCCR trebuie sa parcurga un chestionar cu intrebari din domeniul anatomiei si patologiei canine alcatuit de catre specialistii clinicii.
	In vederea cresterii interactivitatii relationale dintre Clinica de Chirurgie a FMV si CNCCR un membru al clinicii a fost atestat ca si arbitru intern si 2 membrii ca si candidati de arbitru pentru cele 2 rase inca din anul 1998


			In 1979 a dog show in ] would feature 18 dogs of the ''Carpatin'' breed, which would become the Carpathian Shepherd Dog. Following this the standard would be modified until the current standard was finalised.<ref name="ethno"/>
	Conf. Dr. Andrei Tănase

			In March 1998, a group of fans of the Carpathian Shepherd Dog founded the Carpathian Shepherd Dogs Club. The club was later renamed the National Club of Carpathian Shepherd Dog Breeders. The club observed that there many Carpathians in ], ] that are considered ancestors of today's Carpathians.{{cn\|date=May 2024}}
	==Health==
	The breed has a ] of about 12-14 years.

			A conference on the factors involved in the Romanian breeds took place in ]
	==Temperament==
			in March 2003. The provisional ] of the Carpathian Shepherd Dog was approved on July 6, 2005 in ], and it was fully recognized by the FCI in 2015.<ref>https://www.fci.be/en/nomenclature/ROMANIAN-CARPATHIAN-SHEPHERD-DOG-350.html</ref>
	A very devoted, well-mannered, courageous dog, it has been said to battle bears in an attempt to protect flocks of sheep or his master from harm.

	==See also==		==See also==
			{{Portal\|Dogs}}
	*]
			* ]
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	*]		* ]
	*]		* ]
			* ]

	==References==		==References==
			{{reflist}}
	<references/>

	==External links==		==External links==
	<!--Editors: breed registry, club, rescue, and kennel information links are placed on DMOZ, not here-->		<!--Editors: breed registry, club, rescue, and kennel information links are placed on DMOZ, not here-->
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	* ~~{{ro~~ ~~icon}}~~		*
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	*

	{{Pastoral dogs}}
	{{Romanian dogs}}		{{Romanian dogs}}
			{{Livestock guardians}}

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Latest revision as of 00:40, 13 November 2024

Dog breed

Romanian Carpathian Shepherd Dog

Other names

Ciobănesc Românesc Carpatin
Romanian Carpathian Shepherd
Câine Ciobănesc Carpatin
Carpathian Shepherd, Carpatin, Carpathian

Origin

Romania

Traits
Height	Males	65 to 73 cm (26 to 29 in)
	Females	59 to 67 cm (23 to 26 in)
Weight	32 to 45 kg (71 to 99 lb)
Coat	Double coat, shorter on the head and front of legs, longer on the tail, back of legs, chest
Color	Wolf gray

Kennel club standards
Romanian Carpathian Shepherd	standard
Fédération Cynologique Internationale	standard

Dog (domestic dog)

The Romanian Carpathian Shepherd Dog (Romanian: Ciobănesc Românesc Carpatin) is a large breed of livestock guardian dogs that originated in the Carpathian Mountains of Romania.

History

Historically livestock guardian dogs were used by Romanian farmers, each farmer would breed the dog to his own need and there was no standard.

In 1979 a dog show in Bucharest would feature 18 dogs of the Carpatin breed, which would become the Carpathian Shepherd Dog. Following this the standard would be modified until the current standard was finalised.

In March 1998, a group of fans of the Carpathian Shepherd Dog founded the Carpathian Shepherd Dogs Club. The club was later renamed the National Club of Carpathian Shepherd Dog Breeders. The club observed that there many Carpathians in Rucăr, Argeș County that are considered ancestors of today's Carpathians.

A conference on the factors involved in the Romanian breeds took place in Bistrița in March 2003. The provisional homologation of the Carpathian Shepherd Dog was approved on July 6, 2005 in Buenos Aires, and it was fully recognized by the FCI in 2015.

References

"Molosserworld's Ciobanesti Carpatini Page". Molosser World. Archived from the original on 2008-09-21. Retrieved 2008-08-22.
^ Ivaşcu, Cosmin Marius; Biro, Alina (2020). "Coexistence through the Ages: The Role of Native Livestock Guardian Dogs and Traditional Ecological Knowledge as Key Resources in Conflict Mitigation between Pastoralists and Large Carnivores in the Romanian Carpathians". Journal of Ethnobiology. 40 (4): 465–482. doi:10.2993/0278-0771-40.4.465. ISSN 0278-0771.
https://www.fci.be/en/nomenclature/ROMANIAN-CARPATHIAN-SHEPHERD-DOG-350.html

External links

v t e Dogs originating in Romania
Carpathian Shepherd Dog Bucovina Shepherd Dog Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog Romanian Raven Shepherd Dog Transylvanian Hound

v t e Livestock guardian dogs
Afghan Shepherd Aidi Akbash Aksaray Malaklisi Armenian Gampr dog Appenzeller Mountain Dog Bakharwal dog Bernese Mountain Dog Bucovina Shepherd Dog Buryat-Mongolian Wolfhound Cão de Castro Laboreiro Cão de Gado Transmontano Carpathian Shepherd Dog Caucasian Shepherd Dog Central Asian Shepherd Dog Entlebucher Mountain Dog Estrela Mountain Dog Gaddi Kutta Georgian Shepherd Greater Swiss Mountain Dog Greek Shepherd Himalayan Sheepdog Hovawart Kurdish Mastiff Kangal Shepherd Dog Karakachan dog Kars Karst Shepherd Komondor Koyun dog Kuvasz Landseer Leonberger Maremmano-Abruzzese Sheepdog Moscow Watchdog Mucuchies Newfoundland Perro de Pastor Mallorquin Perro Majorero Pshdar dog Pyrenean Mastiff Pyrenean Mountain Dog Rafeiro do Alentejo Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog Romanian Raven Shepherd Dog St Bernard Sarabi dog Sardinian Shepherd Dog Šarplaninac Slovensky Cuvac Spanish Mastiff South Russian Ovcharka Tatra Shepherd Dog Tibetan Kyi Apso Tibetan Mastiff Tornjak Vikhan
† = Descended from and closely related to livestock guardian dogs, but traditionally used in other roles

Livestock guardian dogs

† = Descended from and closely related to livestock guardian dogs, but traditionally used in other roles

Categories:

Latest revision as of 00:40, 13 November 2024

History

See also

References

External links