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{{Short description|German physicist (born 1947)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox scientist {{Infobox scientist
| name = Gerd Binnig | name = Gerd Binnig
| image = Gerd Binnig sw.jpg | image = Gerd Binnig at the Memorial Symposium for Heinrich Rohrer (cropped) 2.jpg
| caption = Binnig in 2013
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1947|7|20|df=y}} | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1947|7|20|df=y}}
| birth_place = ] | birth_place = ], ]
| death_date =
| death_place = | death_date =
| death_place =
| field = ] | field = ]
| alma_mater = ] | alma_mater = ]
| doctoral_advisor = Werner Martienssen<br />Eckhardt Hoenig | doctoral_advisor = Werner Martienssen<br />Eckhardt Hoenig
| doctoral_students = D. P. E. Smith, ], Frank Ohnesorge | doctoral_students = ]
| work_institution = ] | work_institution = ]
| known_for = ], ] | known_for = ]<br>]<br>]
| prizes = {{nowrap|] (1986)<br>] (1987) }} <br>] (2016) | prizes = {{nowrap|] (1983)<br>] (1984)<br>] (1984)<br>] (1986)<br>] (1987) }} <br>] (2016)
}} }}


'''Gerd Binnig''' (born 20 July 1947<ref name="nobelbio">{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1986/binnig-bio.html|title=Gerd Binnig - Biographical|publisher=Nobel Media AB|year=1986|accessdate=2014-01-01}}</ref>) is a ]<ref>http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/?q=gerd%20binnig&site=nas_members</ref> physicist, who won the ] in 1986 for the invention of the ].<ref name="nobelPR">{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1986/press.html|title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986 - Press Release|publisher=Nobel Media AB|date=1986-10-15|accessdate=2014-01-01}}</ref> '''Gerd Binnig''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɡɛʁt ˈbɪnɪç|-|De-Gerd Binnig.ogg}}; born 20 July 1947<ref name="nobelbio">{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1986/binnig-bio.html|title=Gerd Binnig – Biographical|publisher=Nobel Media AB|year=1986|access-date=1 January 2014}}</ref>) is a German physicist. He is most famous for having won the ] jointly with ] in 1986 for the invention of the ].<ref name="nobelPR">{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1986/press.html|title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986 – Press Release|publisher=Nobel Media AB|date=15 October 1986|access-date=1 January 2014}}</ref>


==Early life and education==
He was born in ] and played in the ruins of the city during his childhood. His family lived partly in ] and partly in ], and he attended school in both cities. At the age of 10, he decided to become a physicist, but he soon wondered whether he had made the right choice. He concentrated more on music, playing in a band. He also started playing the violin at 15 and played in his school orchestra.<ref name="nobelbio" /> Binnig was born in ] and played in the ruins of the city during his childhood. His family lived partly in ] and partly in ], and he attended school in both cities. At the age of 10, he decided to become a physicist, but he soon wondered whether he had made the right choice. He concentrated more on music, playing in a band. He also started playing the violin at 15 and played in his school orchestra.<ref name="nobelbio" />


Binnig studied physics at the ] in Frankfurt, gaining a bachelor's degree in 1973 and remaining there do a PhD with in Werner Martienssen's group, supervised by Eckhardt Hoenig.<ref name="DefiniensBiog">{{cite web|url=http://www.definiens.com/about-definiens/our-company/management-team.html|title=Definiens Management Team - Gerd Binnig, PhD|accessdate=2014-01-01}}</ref> Binnig studied physics at the ], gaining a bachelor's degree in 1973 and remaining there to do a PhD with in Werner Martienssen's group, supervised by Eckhardt Hoenig, and being awarded to him in 1978.<ref name="DefiniensBiog">{{cite web|url=http://www.definiens.com/about-definiens/our-company/management-team.html|title=Definiens Management Team – Gerd Binnig, PhD|access-date=1 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102195823/http://www.definiens.com/about-definiens/our-company/management-team.html|archive-date=2 January 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==Career==
⚫ In 1969, he married Lore Wagler, a psychologist, and they have a daughter born in ] and a son born in ].<ref name="nobelbio" /> His hobbies are reading, swimming and golf.
⚫ In 1978, Binnig accepted an offer from ] to join their ] research group, where he worked with ], ] and ]. There they developed the ] (STM), an instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level.<ref name="Binnig1982">

⚫ {{cite journal|last1=Binnig|first1= G. |title=Surface Studies by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy|journal=]|volume=49 |issue=1 |page=57|year=1982|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.57|last2=Rohrer|first2=H.|last3=Gerbe |first3=Ch |last4=Weibe |first4=E. |bibcode = 1982PhRvL..49...57B |doi-access=free}}</ref>
⚫ In 1978, he accepted an offer from ] to join their ] research group, where he worked with ], ] and ]. There they developed the ] (STM), an instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level.<ref name="Binnig1982">
⚫ {{cite journal|last1=Binnig|first1= G. |title=Surface Studies by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy|journal=]|volume=49 |issue=1 |page=57|year=1982|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.57|last2=Rohrer|first2=H.|last3=Gerbe |first3=Ch |last4=Weibe |first4=E. |bibcode = 1982PhRvL..49...57B }}</ref>
The Nobel committee described the effect that the invention of the STM had on science, saying that "entirely new fields are opening up for the study of the structure of matter."<ref name="nobelPR" /> The physical principles on which the STM was based were already known before the IBM team developed the STM, but Binnig and his colleagues were the first to solve the significant experimental challenges involved in putting it into effect.<ref name="nobelPR" /> The Nobel committee described the effect that the invention of the STM had on science, saying that "entirely new fields are opening up for the study of the structure of matter."<ref name="nobelPR" /> The physical principles on which the STM was based were already known before the IBM team developed the STM, but Binnig and his colleagues were the first to solve the significant experimental challenges involved in putting it into effect.<ref name="nobelPR" />


The IBM Zürich team were soon recognized with a number of prizes: the German Physics Prize, the Otto Klung Prize, the Hewlett Packard Prize and the King Faisal Prize.<ref name="nobelbio" /> The IBM Zurich team were soon recognized with a number of prizes: the German Physics Prize, the Otto Klung Prize, the Hewlett Packard Prize and the King Faisal Prize.<ref name="nobelbio" />
In 1986, Binnig and Rohrer shared half of the ], the other half of the Prize was awarded to ]. In 1986, Binnig and Rohrer shared half of the ], the other half of the Prize was awarded to ].


From 1985–1988, he worked in California. He was at IBM in ], and was visiting professor at ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Gerd Binnig|url=http://www.kavliprize.org/prizes-and-laureates/laureates/gerd-binnig|website=kavliprize.org|access-date=30 May 2017|date=2 June 2016}}</ref>
⚫ In 1985, Binnig invented the ] (AFM) <ref>G. Binnig, "Atomic force microscope and method for imaging surfaces with atomic resolution", US Patent US4724318 (priority date Nov 25 1985)</ref> and Binnig, ] and ] went on to develop a working version of this new microscope for insulating surfaces.<ref name="BinnigQuate1986">{{cite journal|last1=Binnig|first1=G.|last2=Quate|first2=C. F.|title=Atomic Force Microscope|journal=]|volume=56|issue=9|year=1986|pages=930–933|issn=0031-9007|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.930|pmid=10033323|bibcode = 1986PhRvL..56..930B }}</ref>


⚫ In 1985, Binnig invented the ] (AFM)<ref>G. Binnig, "Atomic force microscope and method for imaging surfaces with atomic resolution", US Patent US4724318 (priority date 25 November 1985)</ref> and Binnig, ] and ] went on to develop a working version of this new microscope for insulating surfaces.<ref name="BinnigQuate1986">{{cite journal|last1=Binnig|first1=G.|last2=Quate|first2=C. F.|title=Atomic Force Microscope|journal=]|volume=56|issue=9|year=1986|pages=930–933|issn=0031-9007|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.930|pmid=10033323|bibcode = 1986PhRvL..56..930B |doi-access=free}}</ref>
⚫ In 1987 Binnig was appointed ]. In the same year, he started the IBM Physics group Munich, working on creativity<ref>G. Binnig, "Aus dem Nichts. Über die Kreativität von Natur und Mensch", Piper (1990).</ref> and atomic force microscopy <ref>], ] and G. Binnig, "A low-temperature atomic force/scanning tunneling microscope for ultrahigh vacuum", J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B9, 984-988 (1991).</ref>


⚫ In 1987 Binnig was appointed ]. In the same year, he started the IBM Physics group Munich, working on creativity<ref>G. Binnig, "Aus dem Nichts. Über die Kreativität von Natur und Mensch", Piper (1990)</ref> and atomic force microscopy.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Giessibl | first1=F. J. |author-link=Franz Josef Giessibl|author-link2=Christoph Gerber|first2=Christoph |last2=Gerber |first3= G. |last3=Binnig|title=A low-temperature atomic force/scanning tunneling microscope for ultrahigh vacuum | journal=Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures | publisher=American Vacuum Society | volume=9 | issue=2 | year=1991 | issn=0734-211X | doi=10.1116/1.585441 | bibcode=1991JVSTB...9..984G | pages=984–988| url=https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/33834/1/A%20low%E2%80%90temperature%20atomic%20force%20.pdf }}</ref>
⚫ In 1994 Professor Gerd Binnig founded ] which turned in the year 2000 into a commercial enterprise. The company developed ] to analyze images just like the human eye and brain are capable of doing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.definiens.com/company/team|title=Team {{!}} Definiens|last=Health|first=Audacity|website=www.definiens.com|access-date=2016-06-06}}</ref>


⚫ In 1994 Professor Gerd Binnig founded ] which turned in the year 2000 into a commercial enterprise. The company developed ] to analyze images just like the human eye and brain are capable of doing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.definiens.com/company/team|title=Team {{!}} Definiens|last=Health|first=Audacity|website=www.definiens.com|access-date=6 June 2016|archive-date=5 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605013558/http://www.definiens.com/company/team|url-status=dead}}</ref>
in 2016, Binnig won the Kavli Prize in Nanoscience.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kavliprize.org/prizes-and-laureates/prizes/2016-kavli-prize-nanoscience|title=2016 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience {{!}} www.kavliprize.org|website=www.kavliprize.org|access-date=2016-06-06}}</ref>

in 2016, Binnig won the ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kavliprize.org/prizes-and-laureates/prizes/2016-kavli-prize-nanoscience|title=2016 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience {{!}} www.kavliprize.org|website=www.kavliprize.org|access-date=6 June 2016|date=2 June 2016}}</ref> He became a fellow of the ].<ref name="The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters">{{cite web | title=Artikkel: Group 2: Astronomy, Physics and Geophysics | website=The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters | url=http://english.dnva.no/c40134/artikkel/vis.html?tid=40149 | language=no | access-date=14 December 2021}}</ref>


The ], an IBM-owned research facility in ], Zurich is named after Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer. The ], an IBM-owned research facility in ], Zurich is named after Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer.

==Personal life==
⚫ In 1969, Binnig married Lore Wagler, a psychologist, and they have a daughter born in ] and a son born in California.<ref name="nobelbio" /> His hobbies include reading, swimming, and golf.


==References== ==References==
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==External links== ==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
* National High Magnetic Field Laboratory * National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
*
* {{Nobelprize}} including the Nobel Lecture, 8 December 1986 ''Scanning Tunneling Microscopy – From Birth to Adolescence''
* *


{{Nobel Prize in Physics Laureates 1976-2000}} {{Nobel Prize in Physics Laureates 1976-2000}}
{{1986 Nobel Prize winners}}
{{Kavli Prize laureates}} {{Kavli Prize laureates}}


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Latest revision as of 15:50, 20 August 2024

German physicist (born 1947)

Gerd Binnig
Binnig in 2013
Born (1947-07-20) 20 July 1947 (age 77)
Frankfurt am Main, Allied-occupied Germany
Alma materGoethe University Frankfurt
Known forScanning tunneling microscope
Scanning probe microscopy
Atomic force microscope
AwardsKlung Wilhelmy Science Award (1983)
EPS Europhysics Prize (1984)
King Faisal Prize (1984)
Nobel Prize in Physics (1986)
The Elliott Cresson Medal (1987)
Kavli Prize (2016)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
InstitutionsIBM Zurich Research Laboratory
Doctoral advisorWerner Martienssen
Eckhardt Hoenig
Doctoral studentsFranz Josef Giessibl

Gerd Binnig (German pronunciation: [ˈɡɛʁt ˈbɪnɪç] ; born 20 July 1947) is a German physicist. He is most famous for having won the Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Heinrich Rohrer in 1986 for the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope.

Early life and education

Binnig was born in Frankfurt am Main and played in the ruins of the city during his childhood. His family lived partly in Frankfurt and partly in Offenbach am Main, and he attended school in both cities. At the age of 10, he decided to become a physicist, but he soon wondered whether he had made the right choice. He concentrated more on music, playing in a band. He also started playing the violin at 15 and played in his school orchestra.

Binnig studied physics at the Goethe University Frankfurt, gaining a bachelor's degree in 1973 and remaining there to do a PhD with in Werner Martienssen's group, supervised by Eckhardt Hoenig, and being awarded to him in 1978.

Career

In 1978, Binnig accepted an offer from IBM to join their Zurich research group, where he worked with Heinrich Rohrer, Christoph Gerber and Edmund Weibel. There they developed the scanning tunneling microscope (STM), an instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level. The Nobel committee described the effect that the invention of the STM had on science, saying that "entirely new fields are opening up for the study of the structure of matter." The physical principles on which the STM was based were already known before the IBM team developed the STM, but Binnig and his colleagues were the first to solve the significant experimental challenges involved in putting it into effect.

The IBM Zurich team were soon recognized with a number of prizes: the German Physics Prize, the Otto Klung Prize, the Hewlett Packard Prize and the King Faisal Prize. In 1986, Binnig and Rohrer shared half of the Nobel Prize in Physics, the other half of the Prize was awarded to Ernst Ruska.

From 1985–1988, he worked in California. He was at IBM in Almaden Valley, and was visiting professor at Stanford University.

In 1985, Binnig invented the atomic force microscope (AFM) and Binnig, Christoph Gerber and Calvin Quate went on to develop a working version of this new microscope for insulating surfaces.

In 1987 Binnig was appointed IBM Fellow. In the same year, he started the IBM Physics group Munich, working on creativity and atomic force microscopy.

In 1994 Professor Gerd Binnig founded Definiens which turned in the year 2000 into a commercial enterprise. The company developed Cognition Network Technology to analyze images just like the human eye and brain are capable of doing.

in 2016, Binnig won the Kavli Prize in Nanoscience. He became a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

The Binnig and Rohrer Nanotechnology Center, an IBM-owned research facility in Rüschlikon, Zurich is named after Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer.

Personal life

In 1969, Binnig married Lore Wagler, a psychologist, and they have a daughter born in Switzerland and a son born in California. His hobbies include reading, swimming, and golf.

References

  1. ^ "Gerd Binnig – Biographical". Nobel Media AB. 1986. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  2. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986 – Press Release". Nobel Media AB. 15 October 1986. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  3. "Definiens Management Team – Gerd Binnig, PhD". Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  4. Binnig, G.; Rohrer, H.; Gerbe, Ch; Weibe, E. (1982). "Surface Studies by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy". Physical Review Letters. 49 (1): 57. Bibcode:1982PhRvL..49...57B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.57.
  5. "Gerd Binnig". kavliprize.org. 2 June 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  6. G. Binnig, "Atomic force microscope and method for imaging surfaces with atomic resolution", US Patent US4724318 (priority date 25 November 1985)
  7. Binnig, G.; Quate, C. F. (1986). "Atomic Force Microscope". Physical Review Letters. 56 (9): 930–933. Bibcode:1986PhRvL..56..930B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.930. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 10033323.
  8. G. Binnig, "Aus dem Nichts. Über die Kreativität von Natur und Mensch", Piper (1990)
  9. Giessibl, F. J.; Gerber, Christoph; Binnig, G. (1991). "A low-temperature atomic force/scanning tunneling microscope for ultrahigh vacuum" (PDF). Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures. 9 (2). American Vacuum Society: 984–988. Bibcode:1991JVSTB...9..984G. doi:10.1116/1.585441. ISSN 0734-211X.
  10. Health, Audacity. "Team | Definiens". www.definiens.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  11. "2016 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience | www.kavliprize.org". www.kavliprize.org. 2 June 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  12. "Artikkel: Group 2: Astronomy, Physics and Geophysics". The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (in Norwegian). Retrieved 14 December 2021.

External links

Laureates of the Nobel Prize in Physics
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