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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
:''This page is about the year 1854. For the board game, see '']''.''
{{Year dab|1854}}
{{yearbox|
{{Year nav|1854}}
| in?=
]: Lord Cardigan sends 600 British cavalry "into the Valley of Death" on disastrous ]; 110 are killed and 162 wounded.]]
| cp=18th century
{{C19 year in topic}}{{Year article header|1854}}
| c=19th century
{{TOC limit|2}}
| cf=20th century


== Events ==
| yp1=1851
| yp2=1852
| yp3=1853
| year=1854
| ya1=1855
| ya2=1856
| ya3=1857


=== January–March ===
| dp3=1820s
* ] – The ] are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the ''Samarang''.
| dp2=1830s
* ] &ndash; The fictional detective ] is perhaps born.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/01/06/the-curious-case-of-a-birthday-for-sherlock/|title=The Curious Case of a Birthday for Sherlock|last=Lee|first=Jennifer|date=2009-01-06|work=]|access-date=2018-06-15}}</ref>
| dp1=1840s
* ] &ndash; The ] in ] is founded to promote German culture.<ref>. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117054136/http://www.pghmannerchor.com/history/|date=January 17, 2012}} "The Teutonia Männerchor was founded in 1854."</ref>
| d=1850s
* ] &ndash; The ] in the United States charters the ], to run from ] through ], to the newly created ] of ], near ].<ref>, ''North Carolina Business History'', 2006, accessed 21 May 2015.</ref>
| dn1=1860s
* ] &ndash; The iron ] {{RMS|Tayleur}} runs aground off the east coast of Ireland, on her maiden voyage out of ], bound for Australia, with the loss of at least 300 out of 650 on board.
| dn2=1870s
* ] &ndash; Major streets are lit by ] for the first time by the ]; 86 such lamps are turned on this evening in ].{{where|date=October 2014}}
| dn3=1880s
* ] &ndash; Mexican troops force ] and his troops to retreat to ].
}}
* ] &ndash; ] is linked by ] with the rest of the United States, when a connection between ] and ] is completed.
{{C19YearInTopic}}
* ] &ndash; The British recognize the independence of the ] in Southern Africa; its official independence is declared six days later in the ].
{{Year in other calendars
* ] &ndash; Britain sends Russia an ultimatum to withdraw from two Romanian provinces it has conquered, ] and ].
|japanese=] 6 &ndash; 7*
* ]
|footnotes=* Era was changed to ] 1 in ] ].}}
** The British ]'s {{SS|City of Glasgow}} sets out from ] on passage to the United States with 480 on board; she is lost without a trace.
** German ] ] disappears; 2 years later his remains are found in the canal near ].
** The ] calls for liberal reforms and the ouster of President ] of Mexico.<ref>{{cite web|title=Revolución de Ayutla (Plan de Ayutla)|date=October 14, 2014|url=https://www.historiademexicobreve.com/2014/10/revolucion-de-ayutla-plan-de-ayutla.html|language=es|access-date=June 8, 2019|trans-title=The Revolution of Ayutla (Plan of Autla)}}</ref>
* ] &ndash; Australia's first ] line, linking ] and ], opens.
* ] &ndash; A ] fleet sails from Britain, under ] Sir ].
* ] &ndash; In the United States:
** The ] opens to the public.
** The ] is formed by anti-slavery opponents of the ] in ].
* ] &ndash; Slavery is abolished in ].
* ] &ndash; ]: The United Kingdom declares war on Russia.
* ] &ndash; Crimean War: France declares war on Russia.
* ] &ndash; United States Navy ] ] signs the ] with the Japanese government (the ]), opening the ports of ] and ] to American trade.
* ] &ndash; The ] annexes ] in India under the ].
] arrives with 38-nurse team to provide care for Crimean War wounded.]]


=== April–June ===
'''1854''' (''']''') was a ] (see link for calendar).
* ] &ndash; '']'' begins serialisation in ]' magazine, '']''.
* ] &ndash; The United States packet ship '']'' is wrecked off the New Jersey shore, with more than 200 victims.
* ]–] &ndash; Hokkien–Teochew Riots in ].
* ] &ndash; The ] (forerunner of ]) is founded.
* ] &ndash; ]: United States ] ] arrives at the Heavenly Capital aboard the {{USS|Susquehanna|1850|6}}.
* ] &ndash; The ] becomes law (replacing the ] of 1820), creating the ] and the ], west of the ] and the ]. The Kansas–Nebraska Act also establishes that these two new Territories will decide either to allow or disallow ], depending on balloting by their residents (these areas would have been strictly "free territory" under the Missouri Compromise, which allowed slavery in the State of Missouri but disallowed it in any other new state north of latitude 36° 30', which forms most of the southern boundary of Missouri. This prohibition of slavery extended all the way from the western boundary of Missouri to the Pacific Ocean).
* ] &ndash; The first class of the ] graduates at ].
* ] &ndash; ] in ] off the coast of Finland: British ] seaman's mate ] throws a live Russian ] overboard by hand before it explodes, for which he is awarded the first ] in ].
* ] &ndash; The ] takes prominent Eastern United States inhabitants from ] to ], by railroad, then up the ] to ], by ].


=== July–September ===
==Events==
* ] &ndash; ] takes out the first of his three United States ]s for improvements to the ] ] (] photography).
===January===
* ] &ndash; In ], the first convention of the ] is held.
* ] - The ] are discovered by ] ] aboard the '']''.
* ] &ndash; The ] is established as the first ] in India by Cowasjee Nanabhoy Davar and associates.
* ] - The ] is patented by ].
* ] &ndash; ] succeeds his nephew ] as the ] of ] and ], then a province of the ].
* ] - Loss of the '']'' - 380 drowned, later dubbed "the first ]".
* ] &ndash; The '']'' revolutionary coup occurs in Spain.
* ] &ndash; ] is sent by ] to ], Governor General of India, proposing radical improvements to the Indian educational system.<ref>{{cite web|title=Introduction to Wood Despatch of 1854|url=http://www.kkhsou.in/main/education/wood_despatch.html|publisher=Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University|year=2011|access-date=2014-10-09}}</ref>
* ] &ndash; ] succeeds to the ], on the death of his brother.
* ] &ndash; ]: Russian troops on the island of Bomarsund, in ], surrender to French–British troops.
* ] &ndash; ] leads 29 United States troops and a civilian interpreter in attack on Lakota village over dispute involving emigrant cow. Grattan's command was annihilated.
* ] &ndash; English lawyer ] and party set out for the first ascent of the ] in Switzerland, regarded as the start of the "]".<ref>{{cite web|title=Wetterhorn during the golden and the post golden age|url=http://www.summitpost.org/wetterhorn-during-the-golden-and-the-post-golden-age/593265|publisher=summitpost.org|year=2010|access-date=2011-01-26}}</ref>
* ]&ndash;] &ndash; An epidemic of ] in London kills over 10,000. ] traces the source of one outbreak (that killed 500) to a single ], validating his theory that ] is water-borne, and forming the starting point for ].<ref>{{cite book|first=Steven|last=Johnson|author-link=Steven Johnson (author)|title=]|location=London|publisher=Allen Lane|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7139-9974-7}}</ref>] showing the ] of ] cases in the London epidemic of 1854]]
* ] &ndash; British ]'s {{SS|City of Philadelphia|1854}} is wrecked off ] (Newfoundland) on her maiden voyage without loss of life.
* ] &ndash; ]: ] &ndash; The French–British alliance wins the first major land engagement of the war.]]]
* ] &ndash; ]: The American ] {{SS|Arctic}} sinks after a collision with the much smaller French ship {{SS|Vesta}}, 50 miles (80&nbsp;km) off the coast of ], with approximately 320 deaths.


===February=== === October–December ===
* ] &ndash; The watch company founded in ] in ], by ], relocates to ], to become the ], pioneer in the ].
* ] - Major streets lit by ] for first time.
* ] &ndash; The ] in England is ignited by a spectacular explosion.
* ] - ] troops force ] and his troops to retreat to ].
* ]&ndash;] &ndash; United States diplomats in Europe meet and draft the ], setting out a rationale for the U.S. to acquire ] from Spain.
* ] - ] is linked by ] with the rest of the ], when a connection between ] and ] is completed.
* ] - The ] recognize the independence of the ]. * ] &ndash; '']'' newspaper is founded in ], Australia.
* ] &ndash; ]: ] &ndash; The allies gain an overall victory, except for the disastrous cavalry ], from which only 200 of 700 men survive.]]]
* ] - The official independence of the ] is declared.
* ] &ndash; ]: ] &ndash; The Russians are defeated.
* ] &ndash; ] sends ] an ultimatum to withdraw from two ] provinces it had conquered, ] and ].
* ] &ndash; ] in the ]: 19 British transport and other ships (plus 2 French) supporting the ] are wrecked with the loss of at least 287 men.
* ] - The ] is organized in ].
* ] &ndash; In ], the ] Company is formed.
* ]
** ] and her team of 38 trained volunteer ]s, having set out on ] from England, arrive at ] in ] in the ], to care for ] troops wounded in the ].<ref>{{cite ODNB|last1=Baly|first1=Monica E.|author-link1=Monica Baly|first2=H. C. G.|last2=Matthew|author-link2=Colin Matthew|title=Nightingale, Florence (1820–1910)|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/35241|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/35241?docPos=2|access-date=2011-06-20}} </ref>
** The ] breaks out in Sweden.
* ] &ndash; The ] Miners' Rebellion breaks out in ], ].
* ] &ndash; ] in the ] '']'' defines ''ex Cathedra'' the ] of ], which holds that the ] was conceived without ].
* ] &ndash; ] officially abolishes slavery in Egypt.


===March=== === Undated ===
* ] - ] ] ] disappears, two years later his remains are found in the canal near ].
* ]- ] fleet sails from ] under ] ] ].
* ] - The ] opens to the public.
* ] &ndash; ] declares war on ] &ndash; ] begins.
* ] &ndash; ] declares war on ].
* ] - ] ] of the ], signs the ]/] with the ]ese government, to be precise, ], opening the ports of ] and ] to ] trade. (See ])


* ] is founded as a business institute in the United States.
===April===
* ] drills the world's first oil well in Poland, in Bóbrka near ].
*] - '']'' begins serialisation in ] magazine, '']''.
* Professor ] of ] is the first person to ] ] into its individual components, by ].
* The ]ic trade is opened to merchants other than ].
* A Russian fort is established at the modern-day site of ].
* The French fashion label ] is founded.
* The future Waterbury Clock Company (Incorporated on March 27, 1857) is founded as a department within the Benedict and Burnham Manufacturing Company in ], the predecessor of ] in timepiece manufacturing.


===May=== == Births ==
*] - ] becomes law, rescinding the ] of ] and creating ] and ]. Provision that settlers will vote on slavery in the new territories leads to ] violence beginning the next year.


===June=== === January–March ===
]]]
* June - The ] takes prominent ] inhabitants from ] to ] by ], then up the ] to ] by ].
]]]
* ] - The first class of the ] graduate at ].
]]]
* ] - In the battle at ] in ], ] mate ] throws a live ] artillery shell overboard by hand before it explodes - the incident is the first that will be retroactively awarded the ] in ].
]]]
]]]
]]]
* ] &ndash; ], Scottish social anthropologist (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], British occultist (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], born Jennie Jerome, American-born British socialite and mother of Winston Churchill (d. ])
* ]
**], Japanese admiral (d. ])
**], Canadian-born American civil engineer (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Russian general (d. ])
* ]
** ], Irish Unionist MP and barrister (d. ])
** ], Dutch physician and women's suffrage activist (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], British theosophist (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], German industrialist (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], American social economist (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Portuguese general (d. ])
* ]
** ], American journalist and editor (d. ])
** ], Polish painter (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], American historian (d. ])
* ] – ], German physician and scientist, recipient of the 1908 ] (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], German physiologist, winner of the 1901 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Russian general (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Austro-Hungarian field marshal (d. ])


===July=== === April–June ===
* ] - In ], the first convention of the ] is held.
*] - In the ], ], ] ] stops the ] invasion led by ] ].
* ] - Assassination of ] ].
* ] - Discovery of the asteroid Urania by ].


* ] &ndash; ], German architect (d. ])
===August===
* ] &ndash; ], Belgian lawyer, author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. ])
* ] - ]n troops in the island of ] in ] surrender to ]-] troops.
* ] &ndash; ], English engineer, mathematician and inventor (d. ])
* ]
** ], French mathematician, physicist (d. ])
** ], Russian nobleman, statesman, and general (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], member of the ] from ] (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], American sociologist (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], American law officer, ] (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], American novelist (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Austro-Hungarian general (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Canadian politician. ] (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], American outlaw, gunfighter (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], British general (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], American politician (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Canadian lawyer and politician, 8th ], leader in ] (d. ])


===September=== === July–September ===
]]]
* ] - ]: At the ], the ]-] alliance wins the first battle of the war.
]]]
* ] &ndash; ], American business manager (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Czech composer (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], 25th Prime Minister of Romania (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], American photographic inventor (''Kodak'') (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], 11th ] (d. ])
* ]
**], 15th president of Liberia (d. ])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dunn|first1= Elwood D.|last2=Beyan|first2=Amos J.|last3=Burrowes|first3=Carl Patrick|author-link= |date=2000|title=Historical Dictionary of Liberia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qt0_RrW8ghkC|location=Lanham, Maryland|publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=9781461659310|page=33}}</ref>
**], Prime Minister of Spain (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ] (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Polish/German composer (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], German composer (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Swedish social reformer (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], French general, Minister of War (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Austro-Hungarian general (d. ])


===October=== === October–December ===
* ] - The watch company founded in ] in ], ] by ] relocates to ] to become the ], pioneer in the ].
* ] - Newspaper '']'' is founded in ], ].
* ] - ] leaves for ] with 38 other nurses.
* ] - ]: The ] occurs, overall a victory for the allies, but it included the disastrous cavalry ], from which only 200 of 700 men survive.


* ] &ndash; ], American physician, Surgeon General (d. ])
===November===
* ] &ndash; ], Boer general, rebel leader, and politician (d. ])
* ] - ]: ] lose again at the ].
* ] &ndash; ], American banker, diplomat, Republican politician and 42nd governor of Ohio (d. ])
* ] - In ], the ], linking the ] with the ], is inaugurated in an elaborate ceremony.
* ]
** ], Irish writer (d. ])<ref>{{cite web |title=Oscar Wilde |url=https://www.bl.uk/people/oscar-wilde |website=www.bl.uk |access-date=12 November 2022}}</ref>
** ], Czech Marxist theoretician (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], British Olympic archer (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], French poet (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], American cereal manufacturer (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], American ] and ] reformer (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Austro-Hungarian field marshal (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], micropalaeontologist (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], French chemist, ] laureate (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], American composer, conductor (''Stars and Stripes Forever'') (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Swedish physicist (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], American composer (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Marshal of France (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Danish-born American poet, historian, and garden writer (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ] (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], 17th Prime Minister of Sweden (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], English bicycle inventor (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], American admiral (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Japanese chemist (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], English cyclist (d. ])


===December=== === Undated ===
]]]
* ] - ] proclaims the ] of ], which holds that ] was born free of ].
* ], teenage British murder victim (d. ])
* ], American educator, author, and journalist (d. ])
* ], Welsh-born journalist, writer, geographer, historian, cartographer and inventor (d. ])


== Deaths ==
] showing the clusters of ] cases in the ] epidemic of 1854]].


===Unknown dates=== === January–June ===
]]]
* The '']'', an early classification of ] based on field work under freed slaves in ], ], is published by ].
]]]
* ] succeeds to the throne of ].
* ] &ndash; ], British general and politician (b. ])
* ] is founded by immigrants from ], ] (cf ]).
* ] – ], President of Mexico (b. ])
* ] ] ], of ] is the first to fractionate ] by ].
* ] &ndash; ], English painter (b. ])
* ] invents a process for extracting ] from ].
* ] &ndash; ], English landowner and philanthropist (b. ])
* ] succeeds his nephew ] as pasha of ].
* ] &ndash; ] (b. ])
* A ]n fort is established at the present site of ].
* ] &ndash; ], American religious leader (b. ])
* ] is first settled.
* ]
* ] excavates the tomb of ].
** ], English jurist (b. ])
* The ] is introduced for ].
** ], Prime Minister of France (b. ])
* Election of ] ] ] begins the ascendancy of ].
* ] &ndash; ], Scottish businessman, founder of ] (b. ])
* An epidemic of ] in ] kills 10,000. ] traces the source of one outbreak (that killed 500) to a single ], validating his theory that ] is water-borne, and forming the starting point for ].
* ] &ndash; ], first civilian governor of Florida Territory (b. ])
* The ] trade is opened to foreigners.
* ] &ndash; ], 2-time ] (b. ])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://calderon.presidencia.gob.mx/mexico/gobernantes/mexico-1821-actualidad/pedro-maria-anaya/|title=PEDRO MARÍA ANAYA|language=es|publisher=Presidencia de la Republica|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530224425/http://calderon.presidencia.gob.mx/mexico/gobernantes/mexico-1821-actualidad/pedro-maria-anaya/|archive-date=May 30, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The future site of ] in ] is purchased by ] ].
* ] &ndash; ], Swedish-born American musician (b. ])
* ]
** ], English politician (b. ])
** ] (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ], German physician (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ], English chemist, mineralogist (b. ])
* ]
** ], 3-time ] (b. ])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lifeder.com/nicolas-bravo/#Ultimos_anos|title=Nicolás Bravo: Biografía y Aportes|language=es|trans-title=Nicolás Bravo: Biography and Accomplishments|publisher=lifeder.com|access-date=May 30, 2019|last=Ibarra|first=Marco|date=August 6, 2018}}</ref>
** ], Chilean philanthropist (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ], British general (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ], French admiral (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ], German actor (b. ])


=== July–December ===
==Births==
]]]
* ] - ], American telephone pioneer (d. ])
* ] - ], German industrialist (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], German physicist (b. ])
* ] - ], New Zealand Prime Minister and High Commissioner (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], Pasha of Egypt (b. ])
* ] - ], German scientist, recipient of the ] (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], American thought to be the real-life basis for ] (b. ])
* ] - ], ] (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], Lakota chief (b. c. ])
* ] &ndash; ] (b. ])
* ] - ], German physician, recipient of the ] (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ] (b. ])
* ] - ], Belgian lawyer and activist, recipient of the ] (d. ])
* ] - ], French mathematician and physicist (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ] (b. ])
* ] - ], American sociologist (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], Polish-born actor and theatre director (b. ])
* ] - ], law officer, cowboy, and Texas Ranger (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], German philosopher (b. ])
* ] - ], eighth ] (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], American lawyer, politician (b. ])
* ] - ], Czech composer (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], Italian cardinal, philologist (b. ])
* ] - ], American inventor (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], former mayor of ] (b. ])
* ] - ], ] (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], French general, ], ] (b. ])
* ] - ], ] (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], General of the ] (b. ])
* ] - ], Polish/German composer (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], queen consort of Bavaria (b. ])
* ] - ], German composer (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], British writer, poet (b. ])
* ] - ], French general and Minister of War (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], Maltese lithographer (b. ])
* ] - ], Irish writer (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], philanthropist, wife of ] (b. ])
* ] - ], French poet (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], Scottish writer (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ], Portuguese writer (b. ])
* ] - ], French chemist, ] laureate (d. ])
* ] - ], American composer and conductor (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], Prime Minister of Serbia (b. ])
* ] - ], Marshal of France (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], ] (b. c. ])
* ] - ] (d. ])
* ] - ], ] (d. ])
* ] - ], English cyclist (d. ])
* ], American philanthropist (d. ])
* ], American cereal manufacturer (d. ])


==Deaths== ===Undated===
* ], Venezuelan heroine (b. ])
*] - ], British general and politician (b. ])
*] - ], English painter (b. ]) * ], Bolivian heroine (b. ])
*] - ] (b. ]) * ], Chinese rebel (b. ])
*] - ], American religious leader (b. ])
*] - ], English jurist (b. ])
*] - ], English chemist and mineralogist (b. ])
*] - ], British general (b. ])
*] - ], German physicist
*] ], thought to be the real-life basis for ] (b. ])
*] - ], Italian cardinal and philologist (b. ])
*] - ], Portuguese writer (b. ])
*] - ], ] (b. ]?)
*], Pasha of Egypt (b. ])


==References==
{{reflist}}


==Further reading==
{{commonscat}}
* ''The Annual register of world events: Volume 96'' (1855), highly detailed coverage of events in British Empire and worldwide


] {{DEFAULTSORT:1854}}
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Latest revision as of 17:04, 13 January 2025

Calendar year
Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
October 25: Lord Cardigan sends 600 British cavalry "into the Valley of Death" on disastrous Charge of the Light Brigade; 110 are killed and 162 wounded.
1854 by topic
Humanities
By country
Other topics
Lists of leaders
Birth and death categories
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Works category
1854 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1854
MDCCCLIV
Ab urbe condita2607
Armenian calendar1303
ԹՎ ՌՅԳ
Assyrian calendar6604
Baháʼí calendar10–11
Balinese saka calendar1775–1776
Bengali calendar1260–1261
Berber calendar2804
British Regnal year17 Vict. 1 – 18 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar2398
Burmese calendar1216
Byzantine calendar7362–7363
Chinese calendar癸丑年 (Water Ox)
4551 or 4344
    — to —
甲寅年 (Wood Tiger)
4552 or 4345
Coptic calendar1570–1571
Discordian calendar3020
Ethiopian calendar1846–1847
Hebrew calendar5614–5615
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1910–1911
 - Shaka Samvat1775–1776
 - Kali Yuga4954–4955
Holocene calendar11854
Igbo calendar854–855
Iranian calendar1232–1233
Islamic calendar1270–1271
Japanese calendarKaei 7 / Ansei 1
(安政元年)
Javanese calendar1782–1783
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4187
Minguo calendar58 before ROC
民前58年
Nanakshahi calendar386
Thai solar calendar2396–2397
Tibetan calendar阴水牛年
(female Water-Ox)
1980 or 1599 or 827
    — to —
阳木虎年
(male Wood-Tiger)
1981 or 1600 or 828

1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1854th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 854th year of the 2nd millennium, the 54th year of the 19th century, and the 5th year of the 1850s decade. As of the start of 1854, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Calendar year

Events

January–March

November: Florence Nightingale arrives with 38-nurse team to provide care for Crimean War wounded.

April–June

July–September

October–December

Undated

Births

January–March

Paul Ehrlich
Emil von Behring
Clara Louise Burnham
Henri Poincaré
Orrin Dubbs Bleakley
Robert Laird Borden

April–June

July–September

Oscar Wilde
Queenie Newall

October–December

Undated

Eliza D. Keith

Deaths

January–June

Carl Adolph von Basedow
Georg Ohm

July–December

Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton

Undated

References

  1. Lee, Jennifer (January 6, 2009). "The Curious Case of a Birthday for Sherlock". The New York Times. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
  2. . Archived January 17, 2012, at the Wayback Machine "The Teutonia Männerchor was founded in 1854."
  3. CommunicationSolutions/ISI, "Railroad — Atlantic & North Carolina", North Carolina Business History, 2006, accessed 21 May 2015.
  4. "Revolución de Ayutla (Plan de Ayutla)" [The Revolution of Ayutla (Plan of Autla)] (in Spanish). October 14, 2014. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
  5. "Introduction to Wood Despatch of 1854". Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University. 2011. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
  6. "Wetterhorn during the golden and the post golden age". summitpost.org. 2010. Retrieved January 26, 2011.
  7. Johnson, Steven (2006). The Ghost Map: a street, an epidemic and the two men who battled to save Victorian London. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-7139-9974-7.
  8. Baly, Monica E.; Matthew, H. C. G. (2004). "Nightingale, Florence (1820–1910)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/35241. Retrieved June 20, 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  9. Dunn, Elwood D.; Beyan, Amos J.; Burrowes, Carl Patrick (2000). Historical Dictionary of Liberia. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 33. ISBN 9781461659310.
  10. "Oscar Wilde". www.bl.uk. Retrieved November 12, 2022.
  11. "PEDRO MARÍA ANAYA" (in Spanish). Presidencia de la Republica. Archived from the original on May 30, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
  12. Ibarra, Marco (August 6, 2018). "Nicolás Bravo: Biografía y Aportes" [Nicolás Bravo: Biography and Accomplishments] (in Spanish). lifeder.com. Retrieved May 30, 2019.

Further reading

  • The Annual register of world events: Volume 96 (1855), highly detailed coverage of events in British Empire and worldwide full text online
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