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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see ] -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
'''Communications in Zimbabwe''' refers to the communication services available in ]. '''Communications in Zimbabwe''' refers to the communication services available in ].


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== Telephone system == == Telephone system ==
{{See also |Telephone numbers in Zimbabwe}}

The phone system was once one of the best in ], but now suffers from poor maintenance; more than 100,000 outstanding requests for connection despite an equally large number of installed but unused main lines. The phone system was once one of the best in ], but now suffers from poor maintenance; more than 100,000 outstanding requests for connection despite an equally large number of installed but unused main lines.


'''Main lines in use:''' 356,000 (2011) Main lines in use: 356,000 (2011)


'''Domestic:''' consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, radiotelephone communication stations, fixed wireless local loop installations, and a substantial mobile cellular network; Internet connection is available in most major towns that includes Harare,Gweru Bulawayo,Mutare through fiber optic and other remote parts through satellite communication The domestic system consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, radiotelephone communication stations, fixed wireless local loop installations, and a substantial mobile cellular network; Internet connection is available in most major towns that includes ], ] ], ] through fiber optic and other remote parts through satellite communication


'''International:''' country code - 263; satellite earth stations - 2 ]; two international digital gateway exchanges (in ] and ]) (2010) International: country code 263; satellite earth stations 2 ]; two international digital gateway exchanges (in ] and ]) (2010)


'''Mobile cellular:''' 9.2 million (2011) Mobile cellular: 9.2 million (2011)


== Radio == == Radio ==


Zimbabwe has ]. From the six that broadcast nationwide from the ], four are state owned.
'''Radio broadcast stations:''' AM 7, FM 4 (plus 17 repeater stations), shortwave 1. Acts as the primary communication for largely rural population. 2012 saw the launch of two independent stations and Star FM.


There are 10 provincial radio stations and 2 of those are state controlled. Out of the country’s 10 administrative provinces, Midlands province has 3 provincial radio stations followed by Bulawayo province with 2. ], ] and ] provinces do not have dedicated provincial radio stations, although the Bulawayo based ] stretched its signal to reach greater parts of Matabeleland South province.
As of 2013, Zimbabwean authorities have required all radio owners to obtain a "listening licence" from the state.<ref></ref>

There are 14 community radio stations across the country and are mostly in rural and remote areas. The number of community radio stations is expected to grow as per government announcement.

There are 7 campus radio stations for the country’s national tertiary institutions.

Two independent stations, ] and ] were launched in 2012 and both broadcast nationally. 2016 saw the launch of 8 regional, private owned radio stations and in 2018, ZBC launched 2 more provincial stations, ] in ] and ] in ]. The government went on to authorize licensing of community radio stations and campus radio stations in 2021.

As of 2013, Zimbabwean authorities have required all radio owners to obtain a "listening licence" from the state.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21829815|title=Why are Zimbabwe police seizing radios?|last=Hungwe|first=Brian|date=2013-03-26|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-08-01}}</ref>


== Television == == Television ==


'''Television broadcast stations:''' there are 2 state-controlled stations that is ZBC channels 1 and 2 as government has shut down and refuses to issue licenses to domestic independent broadcasters such as ] in 2002. However satellite TV providers are available, in 2013 Zimbabwe so the introduction of its first pay TV. There is 1 state-controlled television station, ], formerly ] (RTV). The government has shut down and refuses to issue licenses to domestic independent broadcasters such as JoyTV in 2002. However satellite TV providers including ] are available. In 2013, Zimbabwe saw the introduction of its first pay TV. In 2017, ] TV a subsidiary of ] which was founded by Zimbabwean entrepreneur ] has been delayed license to operate in Zimbabwe by the Broadcasting Authority of Zimbabwe (BAZ). In November 2020, the Broadcasting Authority of Zimbabwe granted free to air, national commercial TV broadcasting licences to 6 private companies after shortlisting 14 applicants, breaking the national broadcaster's 60 year old TV monopoly. The regulator gave the 6 successful applicants 18 months to begin broadcasting.


TV stations that were awarded licences include the Bulawayo based FairTalk Communications' KeYona TV, ZimPapers Limited's ZTN (Zimpapers Television Network) (now known as ZTN Prime), Rusununguko Media's NRTV, Jester Media's 3K TV (now known as 3Ktv), Acacia Media Group's Kumba TV and Channel Dzimbahwe's Channel D. Unsuccessful applicants include AB Communications' Flex TV, Alpha Media Holdings' HStv, Blackbury Enterprises (Pvt) Ltd's Blackbury TV, Conduit Investments (Pvt) Ltd's Conduit TV Station, Just in Time TV (Pvt) Ltd's JIT TV, Medianet Productions (Pvt) Ltd's Sunrise TV and Meditation Investments (Pvt)'s Zim News Channel.
==Market Structure Mobile==

There are four mobile operators that users use and they are Econet, Net One, Telecel and Africom. The current subscriber base in June 2011 to these three mobile operators were 5,521,000 people for Econet, 1,297,000 for Net One, and 1,349,000 for Telecel. All of these operators are 100 percent digitalized and offer 2G, GPRS, EDGE, and 3G services.
==Market structure mobile==
There are three GSM mobile network operators, ], ] and ]. The current subscriber base in June 2011 to these three mobile operators were 5,521,000 people for ], 1,297,000 for ], and 1,349,000 for ]. All of these operators are 100 percent digitalized and offer ], ], ], 3G and ].


== Internet == == Internet ==
{{Main article|Internet in Zimbabwe}} {{Main article|Internet in Zimbabwe}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2010}}
'''Internet hosts:''' 30,615 (2012)


* There were '''5.74 million''' internet users in ] at the start of 2023, when internet penetration stood at '''34.8 percent'''.
In 2009, there were 1.423 million internet users. In June 2004 Mugabe asked ISPs to monitor ''all'' email traffic passing through their systems for "anti-national activities". ISPs protest that this is an impossible task.<ref>, The Guardian, 3 June 2004.</ref>
* ] was home to '''1.50 million''' ] users in January 2023, equating to '''9.1 percent''' of the total population.
* A total of '''14.08 million''' cellular mobile connections were active in ] in early 2023, with this figure equivalent to '''85.4 percent''' of the total population.
Internet hosts: 30,615 (2012)


In 2009, there were 1.423 million internet users. In June 2004, ] asked ISPs to monitor ''all'' email traffic passing through their systems for "anti-national activities". ISPs protest that this is an impossible task.<ref>, The Guardian, 3 June 2004.</ref>
'''] (Top level domain):''' ]

] (Top level domain): ]


== See also == == See also ==
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==References== ==References==

{{reflist}} {{reflist}}
{{CIA World Factbook}} {{CIA World Factbook}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite journal |title=Telecommunications in Zimbabwe |url=http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/55 |journal= African Technology Forum |issn=1050-0014 |author= Anu Vedantham |year= 1990
}} {{free access}}

==External links==
*{{Dead link|date=June 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}, a {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228071036/http://infoasaid.org/ |date=28 December 2011 }} guide, September 2011, 76 pp.
*
*<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lancaster |first=Henry |title=Zimbabwe - Telecoms, Mobile and Broadband - Statistics and Analyses |publisher=Paul Budde Communication Pty Ltd |date=March 2022}}</ref>


{{Economy of Zimbabwe}} {{Economy of Zimbabwe}}
{{Africa topic|Telecommunications in}} {{Africa topic|Telecommunications in}}
{{Telecommunications}} {{Telecommunications}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2011}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Telecommunications in Zimbabwe}}
==External links==
*, a guide, September 2011, 76 pp.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Telecommunications In Zimbabwe}}
] ]
]
]


{{Zimbabwe-stub}}
{{comm-stub}}

Latest revision as of 19:29, 7 October 2024

Communications in Zimbabwe refers to the communication services available in Zimbabwe.

Background

Postal and Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of Zimbabwe (POTRAZ) was established by the Postal and Telecommunications Act in 2000 and started its operations in March 2001. This legislation brought about a new institutional framework for telecommunications in Zimbabwe.

Telephone system

See also: Telephone numbers in Zimbabwe

The phone system was once one of the best in Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance; more than 100,000 outstanding requests for connection despite an equally large number of installed but unused main lines.

Main lines in use: 356,000 (2011)

The domestic system consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, radiotelephone communication stations, fixed wireless local loop installations, and a substantial mobile cellular network; Internet connection is available in most major towns that includes Harare, Gweru Bulawayo, Mutare through fiber optic and other remote parts through satellite communication

International: country code – 263; satellite earth stations – 2 Intelsat; two international digital gateway exchanges (in Harare and Gweru) (2010)

Mobile cellular: 9.2 million (2011)

Radio

Zimbabwe has 37 local radio stations. From the six that broadcast nationwide from the capital, four are state owned.

There are 10 provincial radio stations and 2 of those are state controlled. Out of the country’s 10 administrative provinces, Midlands province has 3 provincial radio stations followed by Bulawayo province with 2. Matabeleland South, Mashonaland East and Mashonaland Central provinces do not have dedicated provincial radio stations, although the Bulawayo based Skyz Metro FM stretched its signal to reach greater parts of Matabeleland South province.

There are 14 community radio stations across the country and are mostly in rural and remote areas. The number of community radio stations is expected to grow as per government announcement.

There are 7 campus radio stations for the country’s national tertiary institutions.

Two independent stations, ZiFM Stereo and Star FM were launched in 2012 and both broadcast nationally. 2016 saw the launch of 8 regional, private owned radio stations and in 2018, ZBC launched 2 more provincial stations, Khulumani FM in Bulawayo and 95.8 Central Radio in Gweru. The government went on to authorize licensing of community radio stations and campus radio stations in 2021.

As of 2013, Zimbabwean authorities have required all radio owners to obtain a "listening licence" from the state.

Television

There is 1 state-controlled television station, ZBC TV, formerly Rhodesia Television (RTV). The government has shut down and refuses to issue licenses to domestic independent broadcasters such as JoyTV in 2002. However satellite TV providers including DStv are available. In 2013, Zimbabwe saw the introduction of its first pay TV. In 2017, Kwesé TV a subsidiary of Econet Global which was founded by Zimbabwean entrepreneur Strive Masiyiwa has been delayed license to operate in Zimbabwe by the Broadcasting Authority of Zimbabwe (BAZ). In November 2020, the Broadcasting Authority of Zimbabwe granted free to air, national commercial TV broadcasting licences to 6 private companies after shortlisting 14 applicants, breaking the national broadcaster's 60 year old TV monopoly. The regulator gave the 6 successful applicants 18 months to begin broadcasting.

TV stations that were awarded licences include the Bulawayo based FairTalk Communications' KeYona TV, ZimPapers Limited's ZTN (Zimpapers Television Network) (now known as ZTN Prime), Rusununguko Media's NRTV, Jester Media's 3K TV (now known as 3Ktv), Acacia Media Group's Kumba TV and Channel Dzimbahwe's Channel D. Unsuccessful applicants include AB Communications' Flex TV, Alpha Media Holdings' HStv, Blackbury Enterprises (Pvt) Ltd's Blackbury TV, Conduit Investments (Pvt) Ltd's Conduit TV Station, Just in Time TV (Pvt) Ltd's JIT TV, Medianet Productions (Pvt) Ltd's Sunrise TV and Meditation Investments (Pvt)'s Zim News Channel.

Market structure mobile

There are three GSM mobile network operators, namely Econet, Net One and Telecel. The current subscriber base in June 2011 to these three mobile operators were 5,521,000 people for Econet, 1,297,000 for Net One, and 1,349,000 for Telecel. All of these operators are 100 percent digitalized and offer 2G, GPRS, EDGE, 3G and 4G LTE services.

Internet

Main article: Internet in Zimbabwe
  • There were 5.74 million internet users in Zimbabwe at the start of 2023, when internet penetration stood at 34.8 percent.
  • Zimbabwe was home to 1.50 million social media users in January 2023, equating to 9.1 percent of the total population.
  • A total of 14.08 million cellular mobile connections were active in Zimbabwe in early 2023, with this figure equivalent to 85.4 percent of the total population. source

Internet hosts: 30,615 (2012)

In 2009, there were 1.423 million internet users. In June 2004, Mugabe asked ISPs to monitor all email traffic passing through their systems for "anti-national activities". ISPs protest that this is an impossible task.

Country code (Top level domain): .zw

See also

References

  1. Hungwe, Brian (26 March 2013). "Why are Zimbabwe police seizing radios?". BBC News. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
  2. "Mugabe introduces new curbs on internet", The Guardian, 3 June 2004.

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook. CIA.

Bibliography

External links

Economy of Zimbabwe
Currencies in circulation: Zimbabwean ZiG, US dollar, South African rand, Euro and Botswana pula
Economic history
Industry and business
Trade and infrastructure
Taxation
Finance and banking
Economic-related topics
Development
Telecommunications in Africa
Sovereign states
States with limited
recognition
Dependencies and
other territories
Telecommunications
History
Pioneers
Transmission
media
Network topology
and switching
Multiplexing
Concepts
Types of network
Notable networks
Locations
  1. Lancaster, Henry (March 2022). Zimbabwe - Telecoms, Mobile and Broadband - Statistics and Analyses. Paul Budde Communication Pty Ltd.
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