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{{Short description|Song composed by Johannes Brahms}}
{{Listen|type=music|filename=Lullaby wound up clock guten abend gute nacht.ogg|title="Guten Abend, Gute Nacht"|description=From a ]}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
'''Cradle Song''' is the common name for a number of children's ] with similar ], the original of which was ]' "{{Lang|de|Wiegenlied: Guten Abend, gute Nacht}}" ("Lullaby: Good evening, good night"), ]&nbsp;49, No.&nbsp;4, published in 1868 and widely known as '''Brahms' Lullaby'''. The lyrics of the first verse are from a collection of German folk poems called '']''<ref name=swafford>{{cite book|last=Swafford|first=Jan|title=Johannes Brahms: A Biography|year=1999|publisher=Random House of Canada|isbn=978-0-679-74582-2|page=338}}</ref> and the second stanza was written by {{Interlanguage link multi|Georg Scherer (writer)|de|3=Georg Scherer (Philologe)|lt=Georg Scherer}} (1824–1909) in 1849. The lullaby's melody is one of the most famous and recognizable in the world, used by countless parents to sing their babies to sleep.<ref></ref> The Lullaby was dedicated to Brahms' friend, Bertha Faber, on the occasion of the birth of her second son. Brahms had been in love with her in her youth and constructed the melody of the ''{{Lang|de|Wiegenlied}}'' to suggest, as a hidden ], a song she used to sing to him.<ref name=swafford /> The lullaby was first performed in public on 22 December 1869 in ] by Louise Dustmann (singer) and ] (piano).<ref>{{cite book|first=Margit L.|last=McCorkle|title=Johannes Brahms. Thematisch-bibliographisches Werkverzeichnis|publisher=Henle|location=Munich|year=1984|isbn=3-87328-041-8|pages=197}}</ref><ref></ref>
]]]
{{Listen|type=music|filename=Brahms - Schumann-Heink - Wiegenlied (Berceuse) (1915).ogg|title="Wiegenlied", Op. 49, No. 4|description=], singing with an orchestral accompaniment (1915)<ref name="Heink"> at {{url|www.muziekweb.nl}}</ref>}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Wiegenlied'' (Brahms)}}
"'''{{Lang|de|Wiegenlied|italic=no}}'''" ("'''Lullaby'''"; "'''Cradle Song'''"), ]&nbsp;49, No.&nbsp;4, is a ] for voice and piano by ] which was first published in 1868. It is one of the composer's most famous pieces.


==Lyrics== ==History==
Brahms based the music of his "Wiegenlied" partially on "S'Is Anderscht", a duet by {{ill|Alexander Baumann (poet)|de|Alexander Baumann (Dichter)|lt=Alexander Baumann}} published in the 1840s.{{sfn|Schmidt|1844}}{{sfn|Bottge|2005}}{{sfn|Berry|2014|pp=}} The cradle song was dedicated to Brahms's friend, Bertha Faber, on the occasion of the birth of her second son.{{sfn|Liebergen|2005}}<ref name="Institut"> at ] (Lübeck) website.</ref> Brahms had been in love with her in her youth and constructed the melody of the "{{Lang|de|Wiegenlied|italic=no}}" to suggest, as a hidden ], a song she used to sing to him.{{sfn|Swafford|1999|p=338}} ] published Brahms's Op.&nbsp;49 in November 1868.<ref name="Institut" /> The lullaby was first performed in public on 22 December 1869 in Vienna by ] (singer) and ] (piano).<ref name="Institut" /><ref>{{cite book|first=Margit L.|last=McCorkle|title=Johannes Brahms. Thematisch-bibliographisches Werkverzeichnis|publisher=Henle|location=Munich|year=1984|isbn=3-87328-041-8|page=197}}</ref>
{|

!Original German!!Literal English translation!!Traditional English version<ref>, babycenter.com</ref>
==Song==
|-
The song has been described as deceptively simple.{{sfn|Bottge|2005}} In its original publication, it only had a single verse.<ref name="Institut" />
|<poem>{{Lang|de|Guten Abend, gute Nacht,

===Lyrics===
The lyrics are from '']'', a collection of German folk poems:{{sfn|Swafford|1999|p=338}}{{sfn|Arnim|1808|p=}}{{Verse translation|lang=de|Guten Abend, gut' Nacht,
mit Rosen bedacht, mit Rosen bedacht,
mit Näglein besteckt,
mit Näglein}}{{#tag:ref|"Näglein": ]/] for "Nelklein" = ]s<ref>, ''{{ill|Merck's Warenlexikon|de|Merck’s Warenlexikon}}'' (1884) {{de icon}}<br />, ''] Online'' {{de icon}}</ref>|group=N}} {{Lang|de|besteckt,
schlupf′ unter die Deck! schlupf' unter die Deck':
Morgen früh, wenn Gott will, Morgen früh, wenn Gott will,
wirst du wieder geweckt. wirst du wieder geweckt.|Good evening, good night,

Guten Abend, gute Nacht,
von Englein bewacht,
die zeigen im Traum
dir Christkindleins Baum.
Schlaf nun selig und süß,
schau im {{Not a typo|Traum 's}} Paradies.}}</poem> <!--NOTE: das Paradies ==>'s Paradies -->
|<poem style="margin-left: 1em;">Good evening, good night,
With roses covered, With roses covered,
With cloves adorned, With cloves adorned,
Slip under the covers. Slip under the covers.
Tomorrow morning, if God wills, Tomorrow morning, if God wills,
you will wake once again.|attr1=|attr2=Translation}}
you will wake once again.


Later,{{when|date=February 2020}} Brahms adapted a second verse from an 1849 poem by {{ill|Georg Scherer (writer)|de|Georg Scherer (Philologe)|lt=Georg Scherer}}:{{sfn|Liebergen|2005}}<ref name="Institut" />{{sfn|Bottge|2005}}{{Verse translation|lang=de|Guten Abend, gut' Nacht,
Good evening, good night.
von Englein bewacht,
die zeigen im Traum
dir Christkindleins Baum:
schlaf nun selig und süß,
schau im Traum 's Paradies.<!--NOTE: das Paradies ==> 's Paradies -->|Good evening, good night.
By angels watched, By angels watched,
Who show you in your dream Who show you in your dream
the Christ-child's tree. the Christ-child's tree.
Sleep now blissfully and sweetly, Sleep now blissfully and sweetly,
see the paradise in your dream.</poem> see paradise in your dreams.|attr1=Georg Scherer (1849)|attr2=Translation}}
|<poem style="margin-left: 1em;">Lullaby and goodnight,
With roses bedight,
With lilies o'er spread
Is baby's wee bed.
Lay thee down now and rest,
May thy slumber be blessed.


===Melody===
Lullaby and goodnight,
<score sound="1">
Thy mother's delight,
\relative g'
Bright angels beside
My darling abide.
They will guard thee at rest,
Thou shalt wake on my breast.</poem>
|}
<references group=N />

==Melody==
<score vorbis="1">
\relative g'
{\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"flute" \key es \major \time 3/4 \autoBeamOff {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"flute" \key es \major \time 3/4 \autoBeamOff
\partial 4 g8 g | bes4. g8 g4 | bes r g8 | es4 d4. c8 | c4( bes) f8 |aes4 f f8 | aes4 r f8 | d bes4 d | es r es,8 es | es'2 c8 aes | bes2 g8 es | aes4 bes c | \appoggiatura g8 bes2 es,8 es | es'2 c8 aes | bes2 g8 es | \afterGrace aes4( { bes16) } g4 f | es2 \bar "|." \partial 4 g8 g | bes4. g8 g4 | bes r g8 | es4 d4. c8 | c4( bes) f8 |aes4 f f8 | aes4 r f8 | d bes4 d | es r es,8 es | es'2 c8 aes | bes2 g8 es | aes4 bes c | \appoggiatura g8 bes2 es,8 es | es'2 c8 aes | bes2 g8 es | \afterGrace aes4( { bes16) } g4 f | es2 \bar "|."
} }
\addlyrics { \addlyrics {
Gu -- ten A -- bend, gut’ Nacht, Gu -- ten A -- bend, gut' Nacht,
mit Ro -- sen be -- dacht, mit Ro -- sen be -- dacht,
mit Näg -- lein be -- steckt, mit Näg -- lein be -- steckt,
schlupf un -- ter die Deck: schlupf un -- ter die Deck':
Mor -- gen früh, wenn Gott will, Mor -- gen früh, wenn Gott will,
wirst du wie -- der ge -- weckt, wirst du wie -- der ge -- weckt,
mor -- gen früh, wenn Gott will, mor -- gen früh, wenn Gott will,
wirst du wie -- der ge -- weckt. wirst du wie -- der ge -- weckt.
} </score>
}
</score>


In 1877, Brahms based the second theme of the first movement of his ] on the lullaby's tune.{{sfn|Taller|2017}} The melody is first introduced in bar 82 and continues to develop throughout the movement.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dotsey |first=Calvin |date=2019-10-22 |title=Et in Arcadia ego: Brahms' Symphony No. 2 in D major, Opus 73 |url=https://houstonsymphony.org/brahms-symphony-2/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Houston Symphony |language=en-US}}</ref>
==Arrangements and other uses==
{{Listen|type=music|filename=Brahms - Schumann-Heink - Wiegenlied (Berceuse) (1915).ogg|title=Wiegenlied (Op. 49)|description=] (1915)}}
Brahms himself used variations on the melody for much of the first ] of his ] in D major, Op. 73. In 1922, Australian pianist and composer ] ] the ''{{Lang|de|Wiegenlied}}'' as one of his "Free Settings of Favorite Melodies" for solo piano. This study was characterized by much use of ]s and ], with the first statement of the melody placed in the tenor range of the keyboard. This last practice was a favorite one of Grainger.<ref>Ould, 5.</ref>


==Reception==
Brahms' Lullaby is also commonly sung to the Hebrew words of ]'s blessing to his grandchildren, ] and ], in {{bibleverse||Genesis|48:16|HE}}.<ref></ref> This blessing is incorporated into the "]" and has thus become a popular Jewish Lullaby (''Hamalach hagoel oti...'').<ref></ref>
The "{{Lang|de|Wiegenlied|italic=no}}" is one of Brahms's most popular songs.{{sfn|Liebergen|2005}}


===Arrangements===
The 1936 ] with ] as Johannes Brahms took its title from the opening lines of this song, ''Guten Abend, gute Nacht''.<ref>{{IMDb title|0440447|Guten Abend, gute Nacht}}</ref>
{{Listen|type=music|filename=Lullaby wound up clock guten abend gute nacht.ogg|title="Guten Abend, gute Nacht"|description=Played on a ]}}
In 1922, Australian pianist and composer ] ] the "{{Lang|de|Wiegenlied|italic=no}}" as one of his "Free Settings of Favorite Melodies" for solo piano. This study was characterized by much use of ]s and ], with the first statement of the melody placed in the tenor range of the keyboard. This last practice was a favorite one of Grainger.{{sfn|Ould|2002|p=5}}


===Cultural references===
]'s poem "Brahms Cradle Song" refers to this song.
A 1936 ] of Brahms with ] as the composer, took its title from the opening lines of this song, ''Guten Abend, gute Nacht''.<ref>{{IMDb title|0440447|Guten Abend, gute Nacht}}</ref>


]'s poem "Brahms Cradle Song" refers to this song.<ref>, '']'', 23 April 2011, accessed 3 November 2018.</ref>
==Notable recordings==

*1941 ] – recorded May 23, 1941, with ] and his Orchestra.<ref>{{cite web|title=A Bing Crosby Discography|url=http://www.bingmagazine.co.uk/bingmagazine/crosby1bDecca.html|website=BING magazine|publisher=International Club Crosby|accessdate=June 22, 2017}}</ref> This reached No. 20 in the Billboard charts.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Whitburn|first1=Joel|title=Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890–1954|date=1986|publisher=Record Research Inc|location=Wisconsin, USA|isbn=0-89820-083-0|page=108}}</ref> Crosby recorded the song again on June 16, 1954, for his album '']''.
===Cultural interpretations===
*1944 ] – recorded December 3, 1944, with ] and his Orchestra<ref>{{cite web|title=Frank Sinatra Discography|url=http://www.jazzdiscography.com/Artists/Sinatra/columbia1.php|website=jazzdiscography.com|accessdate=June 21, 2017}}</ref>
In an article published in 2005, Karen Bottge analysed Brahms's "Wiegenlied" as an expression of the maternal voice, basing her reflections on writings by theorists such as ], ], ], ], and ].{{sfn|Bottge|2005}}
*1953 ] – recorded February 3, 1953, with The ] Orchestra, as "Close Your Eyes"<ref>{{cite book|last1=Crossland|first1=Ken|title=Late Life Jazz – The Life and Career of Rosemary Clooney|date=2013|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-19-979857-5|page=193}}</ref>

*1958 ] – recorded for her album ''Among My Souvenirs''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Discogs.com|url=https://www.discogs.com/Joni-James-Among-My-Souvenirs/master/695542|website=Discogs.com|accessdate=June 22, 2017}}</ref>
===Recordings===
*1963 ] - on their album '']''
Recordings include:
*1959 ] – included in his album '']''
* 1958 ] – recorded for her album ''Among My Souvenirs''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Discogs.com|url=https://www.discogs.com/Joni-James-Among-My-Souvenirs/master/695542|website=Discogs.com|access-date=22 June 2017}}</ref>{{Unreliable source|sure=y|reason=Generally unreliable source per ] (WP:RSP).|date=February 2020}}
*2013 ] – included in her album '']''
* 1962 ] (soprano) and ] on ] 1206.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arkivmusic.com/classical/album.jsp?album_id=17147 |title=Elisabeth Schwarzkopf – Lieder & Songs 1955-1964 |publisher=] |access-date=20 February 2020 |archive-date=29 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529130458/http://www.arkivmusic.com/classical/album.jsp?album_id=17147 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=February 2020}}
* 1989 ] (mezzo-soprano) and Bengt Forsberg (piano) on ] 429727.<ref></ref>
* 1994 ] – recorded as instrumental "Brahms Lullaby" for his album '']''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Discogs.com|url=https://www.discogs.com/de/Kenny-G-Miracles-The-Holiday-Album/master/268468|website=Discogs.com|access-date=11 November 2019}}</ref>{{Unreliable source|sure=y|reason=Generally unreliable source per ] (WP:RSP).|date=February 2020}}
* 2013 ] (mezzo-soprano) and ] (piano).<ref>, review by Richard Wigmore, '']''</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Recordings of Brahms's "Wiegenlied"
|-
! scope="col" | Rec.
! scope="col" | Singer
! scope="col" | V. type
! scope="col" | Instr.
! scope="col" | I. type
! scope="col" | Cond. (arr.)
! scope="col" | Time
! scope="col" | Issuer
! scope="col" | Released
|-
| 1915
| ]
| contralto
| ]
| orchestra
| ]
| 2:06
| ]
| 1990-07<ref name="Heink" />
|-
| 1935-02-26
| rowspan="2" | ]
| rowspan="2" | soprano
| Reeves,&nbsp;George
| piano
| —
| 1:35
| rowspan="2" | ]
| rowspan="2" | 2006-05{{sfn|Forsling|2007}}<ref> at {{url|www.muziekweb.nl}}.</ref>
|-
| 1937-03-11
| ]
| orchestra
| ]
| 1:59
|-
| 1941-05-23
| rowspan="2" | ]
| rowspan="2" | vocals{{efn|English version: "Brahms's Lullaby" (translated by ]).{{sfn|Macfarlane|2020}}}}
| Trotter orchestra
| orchestra
| ]
| 2:46
| rowspan="2" | ]
| rowspan="2" | 1993{{sfn|Macfarlane|2020}}
|-
| 1954-06-16
| Cole Trio
| jazz trio
| ]
| 1:27
|-
| 1941-11-12
| rowspan="5" | ]
| rowspan="5" | soprano
| ]
| piano
| —
| 2:17
| Eklipse
| 1993-07<ref> at {{url|www.muziekweb.nl}}.</ref>
|-
| 1943-12-12
| ]
| orchestra
| ]
| 2:07
| Eklipse
| 1993-07<ref name="LLiC"> at {{url|www.muziekweb.nl}}.</ref>
|-
| 1947-12-22
| ]
| orchestra
| ]
| 2:43
| ]
| 2007-11{{sfn|Forsling|2008}}<ref> at {{url|www.muziekweb.nl}}.</ref>
|-
| 1948-08-05
| ]
| orchestra
| ]
| 3:12
| Eklipse
| 1993-07<ref name="LLiC"/>
|-
| 1950-02-12
| ]
| piano
| —
| 1:47
| Eklipse
| 1995-09<ref> at {{url|www.muziekweb.nl}}.</ref>
|-
| 1944-12-03
| ]{{efn|Sinatra also sang Brahms's "Cradle Song" on ]s: recorded 8 July 1944 (two takes of ]'s arrangement, released on '']'' and '']'') and 23 October 1944 (Raymond Paige's arrangement).{{sfn|Albin|2018}}}}
| vocals
| 35 instrumentalists
| orchestra
| ]
| 3:06
| ]
| ]{{sfn|Albin|2018}}
|-
| 1953-02-03
| ]
| vocals{{efn|English lyrics, "]", by ].<ref name="ClooneyIA"> at ] website.</ref>}}
| Faith orchestra
| orchestra
| ]
| 2:43
| ]
| 1953-02<ref name="ClooneyIA" />{{sfn|Crossland|Macfarlane|2013|p=}}
|-
| 1979-11
| ]
| baritone
| ]
| piano
| —
| 1:24
| ]
| 1983<ref> at ] website.</ref>
|-
| 2001-04
| colspan="2" | —
| ]
| piano
| (])
| 3:41
| ]
| 2002-06{{sfn|Ould|2002}}<!--
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| -->
|}


==Notes==
==Film appearances==
{{notelist}}
*1937 '']'' – sung ] by children at Shangri-La
*1945 '']'' – sung by Frank Sinatra


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}


== Bibliography == ==Sources==
* {{cite web |url=http://www.jazzdiscography.com/Artists/Sinatra/columbia1.php |title=Frank Sinatra Discography: The Columbia Years, 1942–1946 |last=Albin |first=Steve |date=21 November 2018 |website=www.jazzdiscography.com }}
* Ould, Barry Peter, Notes for Hyperion CDA67279, ''Percy Grainger: Rambles and Reflections – Piano Transcriptions'', ], piano.
* {{cite book |date=1808 |chapter=Kinderlieder: Anhang zum Wunderhorn |trans-chapter=Children's songs: Appendix to the ''Wunderhorn'' |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lVIuAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PP3 |editor1-last=Arnim |editor1-first=Achim von |editor1-link=Achim von Arnim |title=Des Knaben Wunderhorn: Alte deutsche Lieder |trans-title=] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lVIuAAAAMAAJ |language=de |volume=III |location=Heidelberg |publisher=Mohr und Zimmer |pages=1–103 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Berry |first1=Paul |date=2014 |chapter=Ch.&nbsp;1: Old Melodies, New Identities |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QPdwBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA41 |title=Brahms Among Friends: Listening, Performance, and the Rhetoric of Allusion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QPdwBAAAQBAJ |series=AMS Studies in Music |publisher=] |pages=41–72 |isbn=9780199982646 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Bottge |first=Karen |date=2005 |title=Brahms's "Wiegenlied" and the Maternal Voice |url=https://doi.org/10.1525/ncm.2005.28.3.185 |journal=] |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=185–213 |doi=10.1525/ncm.2005.28.3.185 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Crossland |first1=Ken |last2=Macfarlane |first2=Malcolm |date=2013 |chapter=Appendix&nbsp;A: Rosemary Clooney on Record |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u3YUPNzAMX4C&pg=PA187 |title=Late Life Jazz: The Life and Career of Rosemary Clooney |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u3YUPNzAMX4C |location=New York |publisher=] |pages=187–220 |isbn=978-0-19-979857-5 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2007/Apr07/E_schumann_8111099.htm |title=CD Review: Elisabeth Schumann – Lieder Recordings 1930–1938 |last=Forsling |first=Göran |date=2007 |website=www.musicweb-international.com }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2008/Jan08/Lehmann_8111097.htm |title=CD Review: Lotte Lehmann: Lieder Recordings, Vol.&nbsp;6 – 1947 & 1949 |last=Forsling |first=Göran |date=2008 |website=www.musicweb-international.com }}
* {{cite book |date=2005 |chapter=Wiegenlied (''Lullaby''): Johannes Brahms |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qq7XBLAzQAUC&pg=PA48 |editor1-last=Liebergen |editor1-first=Patrick M. |title=Singer's Library of Song: A Vocal Anthology of Masterworks and Folk Songs from the Medieval Era Through the Twentieth Century |url=https://www.alfred.com/singers-library-of-song/p/00-23499/ |publisher=] |pages=48–52 |isbn=978-0-7390-3659-4 }}
* {{cite web |title=A Bing Crosby Discography – part 1b: Commercial Recordings – The Decca Years |url=http://www.bingmagazine.co.uk/bingmagazine/crosby1bDecca.html |website=BING magazine |publisher=International Club Crosby |date=23 January 2020 |editor-last=Macfarlane |editor-first=Malcolm }}
* {{Cite AV media notes |title=Percy Grainger: Rambles and Reflections |others=] (piano) |year=2002 |url=https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/dc.asp?dc=D_CDA67279 |first=Barry Peter |last=Ould |publisher=] |id=CDA67279 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=August |author-link1=:de:August Schmidt (Musiker) |date=14 May 1844 |title=Revue: im Stich erschienener Musikalien. ''Gebirgs-Bleameln'', sechs Lieder in österreichischer Mundart für eine oder zwei Singstimmen mit Begleitung des Pianoforte, nach National-Melodien gedichtet und herausgegeben von Alexander Baumann. II. Heft. (3. Werk.) Wien bei Anton Diabelli & Comp. |trans-title=Review of engraved music publications: ''Gebirgs-Bleameln'', six songs in Austrian dialect for one or two singing voices, with pianoforte accompaniment, written after national melodies and published by Alexander Baumann, 2nd volume (Op.&nbsp;3). Vienna: ] & Co. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MdMqAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA231 |journal={{ill|Allgemeine Wiener Musik-Zeitung|wikisource:de}} |language=de |location=Vienna |publisher=Mechetti |volume=IV |issue=58 |pages=231–232 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Swafford |first1=Jan |author-link1=Jan Swafford |date=1999 |title=Johannes Brahms: A Biography |publisher=] |isbn=978-0-679-74582-2 }}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.sinfonia-engiadina.ch/kopie-von-rossini-text |title=Johannes Brahms: Eine Sinfonie aus der Sommerfrische |last=Taller |first=Ellen |date=2017 |website=www.sinfonia-engiadina.ch |language=de |trans-title=Johannes Brahms: a symphony from summer freshness }}


==External links== ==External links==
*{{IMSLP|work=5 Lieder, Op.49 (Brahms, Johannes)|cname=J. Brahms: 5 Songs, Op. 49}}
*
* at {{url|www.muziekweb.nl}} (recordings) {{in lang|nl}}
*{{IMSLP2|work=5 Lieder, Op.49 (Brahms, Johannes)|cname=J. Brahms: 5 Songs, Op. 49}}
* at the ]
*
*
* in ''Des Knaben Wunderhorn'' at Google Books.


{{Johannes Brahms}} {{Johannes Brahms}}
{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}


] ]
] ]
]
] ]
]
]

Latest revision as of 00:03, 5 December 2024

Song composed by Johannes Brahms

Johannes Brahms, Wiegenlied
"Wiegenlied", Op. 49, No. 4 Ernestine Schumann-Heink, singing with an orchestral accompaniment (1915)
Problems playing this file? See media help.

"Wiegenlied" ("Lullaby"; "Cradle Song"), Op. 49, No. 4, is a lied for voice and piano by Johannes Brahms which was first published in 1868. It is one of the composer's most famous pieces.

History

Brahms based the music of his "Wiegenlied" partially on "S'Is Anderscht", a duet by Alexander Baumann [de] published in the 1840s. The cradle song was dedicated to Brahms's friend, Bertha Faber, on the occasion of the birth of her second son. Brahms had been in love with her in her youth and constructed the melody of the "Wiegenlied" to suggest, as a hidden counter-melody, a song she used to sing to him. Simrock published Brahms's Op. 49 in November 1868. The lullaby was first performed in public on 22 December 1869 in Vienna by Luise Dustmann (singer) and Clara Schumann (piano).

Song

The song has been described as deceptively simple. In its original publication, it only had a single verse.

Lyrics

The lyrics are from Des Knaben Wunderhorn, a collection of German folk poems:

Guten Abend, gut' Nacht,
mit Rosen bedacht,
mit Näglein besteckt,
schlupf' unter die Deck':
Morgen früh, wenn Gott will,
wirst du wieder geweckt.

Good evening, good night,
With roses covered,
With cloves adorned,
Slip under the covers.
Tomorrow morning, if God wills,
you will wake once again.

—First edition (1868) —Translation

Later, Brahms adapted a second verse from an 1849 poem by Georg Scherer [de]:

Guten Abend, gut' Nacht,
von Englein bewacht,
die zeigen im Traum
dir Christkindleins Baum:
schlaf nun selig und süß,
schau im Traum 's Paradies.

Good evening, good night.
By angels watched,
Who show you in your dream
the Christ-child's tree.
Sleep now blissfully and sweetly,
see paradise in your dreams.

—Georg Scherer (1849) —Translation

Melody

\relative g' {\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"flute" \key es \major \time 3/4 \autoBeamOff \partial 4 g8 g | bes4. g8 g4 | bes r g8 | es4 d4. c8 | c4( bes) f8 |aes4 f f8 | aes4 r f8 | d bes4 d | es r es,8 es | es'2 c8 aes | bes2 g8 es | aes4 bes c | \appoggiatura g8 bes2 es,8 es | es'2 c8 aes | bes2 g8 es | \afterGrace aes4( { bes16) } g4 f | es2 \bar "|." } \addlyrics { Gu -- ten A -- bend, gut' Nacht, mit Ro -- sen be -- dacht, mit Näg -- lein be -- steckt, schlupf un -- ter die Deck': Mor -- gen früh, wenn Gott will, wirst du wie -- der ge -- weckt, mor -- gen früh, wenn Gott will, wirst du wie -- der ge -- weckt. }

In 1877, Brahms based the second theme of the first movement of his Second Symphony on the lullaby's tune. The melody is first introduced in bar 82 and continues to develop throughout the movement.

Reception

The "Wiegenlied" is one of Brahms's most popular songs.

Arrangements

"Guten Abend, gute Nacht" Played on a music box
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In 1922, Australian pianist and composer Percy Grainger arranged the "Wiegenlied" as one of his "Free Settings of Favorite Melodies" for solo piano. This study was characterized by much use of suspensions and arpeggiation, with the first statement of the melody placed in the tenor range of the keyboard. This last practice was a favorite one of Grainger.

Cultural references

A 1936 biographical film of Brahms with Albert Florath as the composer, took its title from the opening lines of this song, Guten Abend, gute Nacht.

Wendy Cope's poem "Brahms Cradle Song" refers to this song.

Cultural interpretations

In an article published in 2005, Karen Bottge analysed Brahms's "Wiegenlied" as an expression of the maternal voice, basing her reflections on writings by theorists such as Friedrich Kittler, Michel Chion, Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, and Theodor W. Adorno.

Recordings

Recordings include:

Recordings of Brahms's "Wiegenlied"
Rec. Singer V. type Instr. I. type Cond. (arr.) Time Issuer Released
1915 Schumann-Heink, Ernestine contralto N.N. orchestra N.N. 2:06 Nimbus 1990-07
1935-02-26 Schumann, Elisabeth soprano Reeves, George piano — 1:35 Naxos 2006-05
1937-03-11 N.N. orchestra Goehr, Walter 1:59
1941-05-23 Crosby, Bing vocals Trotter orchestra orchestra Trotter, John Scott 2:46 MCA 1993
1954-06-16 Cole Trio jazz trio Cole, Buddy 1:27
1941-11-12 Lehmann, Lotte soprano Ulanowsky, Paul piano — 2:17 Eklipse 1993-07
1943-12-12 SFS orchestra Monteux, Pierre 2:07 Eklipse 1993-07
1947-12-22 N.N. orchestra Armbruster, Robert 2:43 Naxos 2007-11
1948-08-05 N.N. orchestra Ormandy, Eugene 3:12 Eklipse 1993-07
1950-02-12 Walter, Bruno piano — 1:47 Eklipse 1995-09
1944-12-03 Sinatra, Frank vocals 35 instrumentalists orchestra Stordahl, Axel 3:06 Columbia 1993-10-05
1953-02-03 Clooney, Rosemary vocals Faith orchestra orchestra Faith, Percy 2:43 Columbia 1953-02
1979-11 Fischer-Dieskau, Dietrich baritone Barenboim, Daniel piano — 1:24 DG 1983
2001-04 — Lane, Piers piano (Grainger, Percy) 3:41 Hyperion 2002-06

Notes

  1. English version: "Brahms's Lullaby" (translated by Natalia Macfarren).
  2. Sinatra also sang Brahms's "Cradle Song" on V-Discs: recorded 8 July 1944 (two takes of Axel Stordahl's arrangement, released on The Columbia Years 1943–1952: The V-Discs and The Real Complete Columbia Years V-Discs) and 23 October 1944 (Raymond Paige's arrangement).
  3. English lyrics, "Close Your Eyes", by William Engvick.

References

  1. ^ Schumann-Heink: Prima voce at www.muziekweb.nl
  2. Schmidt 1844.
  3. ^ Bottge 2005.
  4. Berry 2014, pp. 63ff.
  5. ^ Liebergen 2005.
  6. ^ Opus 49, Fünf Lieder für eine Singstimme und Klavier at Brahms-Institut (Lübeck) website.
  7. ^ Swafford 1999, p. 338.
  8. McCorkle, Margit L. (1984). Johannes Brahms. Thematisch-bibliographisches Werkverzeichnis. Munich: Henle. p. 197. ISBN 3-87328-041-8.
  9. Arnim 1808, p. 68.
  10. Taller 2017.
  11. Dotsey, Calvin (22 October 2019). "Et in Arcadia ego: Brahms' Symphony No. 2 in D major, Opus 73". Houston Symphony. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  12. Ould 2002, p. 5.
  13. Guten Abend, gute Nacht at IMDb
  14. Family Values by Wendy Cope – review, The Guardian, 23 April 2011, accessed 3 November 2018.
  15. "Discogs.com". Discogs.com. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  16. "Elisabeth Schwarzkopf – Lieder & Songs 1955-1964". ArkivMusic. Archived from the original on 29 May 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  17. "All Music Guide to Classical Music: The Definitive Guide to Classical Music"
  18. "Discogs.com". Discogs.com. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
  19. Brahms Lieder, review by Richard Wigmore, Gramophone
  20. Forsling 2007.
  21. Elisabeth Schumann: Lieder recordings (1930-1938) at www.muziekweb.nl.
  22. ^ Macfarlane 2020.
  23. Lotte Lehmann: The Complete 1941 Radio Recital Cycle at www.muziekweb.nl.
  24. ^ Lotte Lehmann in Concert: 1943-1950 at www.muziekweb.nl.
  25. Forsling 2008.
  26. Lotte Lehmann: Lieder Recordings, Vol. 6 – 1947 & 1949 at www.muziekweb.nl.
  27. Lotte Lehmann: The Town Hall Recitals at www.muziekweb.nl.
  28. ^ Albin 2018.
  29. ^ Brahms' Lullaby (Close Your Eyes) by Rosemary Clooney; Percy Faith and his Orchestra; William Engvick; Brahms – Columbia at Internet Archive website.
  30. Crossland & Macfarlane 2013, p. 192.
  31. Track-Informationen BRAHMS EDITION V Lieder Download 449 6332: Details zu Künstler und Repertoire at Deutsche Grammophon website.
  32. Ould 2002.

Sources

External links

Johannes Brahms
List of compositions
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