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| {{Use mdy dates|date= |
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2024}} | ||
| {{ |
{{About year|1030}} | ||
| {{Year nav|1030}} | {{Year nav|1030}} | ||
| {{C11 year in topic}} | {{C11 year in topic}} | ||
| ] (left) is killed at ].]] | ] (left) is killed at ].]] | ||
| Year '''1030''' (''']''') was a ] |
Year '''1030''' (''']''') was a ] of the ]. | ||
| == Events == | == Events == | ||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
| === By place === | === By place === | ||
| ==== Byzantine Empire ==== | ==== Byzantine Empire ==== | ||
| * |
* Emperor ] decides to retaliate upon the incursions of the Muslims on the eastern frontier. He leads a Byzantine expeditionary force (20,000 men) to secure ]. The ] emir ] of ] sues for peace, but Romanos refuses to negotiate and leads his army against Aleppo, against the advice of his generals. The Byzantine army encamps near ], ] by the Mirdasids' ] troops, who cut off the Byzantines from food and water. | ||
| * ] – Romanos orders a retreat to Antioch. As the army is exhausted from the heat and the lack of supplies, the retreat soon turns into a flight in panic. Romanos returns to Constantinople in humiliation but his generals on the eastern frontier manage to salvage the situation: a ] attack on ] is repulsed, and Azaz itself is captured in December after a brief siege. In April/May 1031, Emir Nasr of Aleppo agreed to vassal and tributary status with Byzantium.<ref>{{cite book | last=Halm | first=Heinz | authorlink = Heinz Halm | title = Die Kalifen von Kairo: Die Fatimiden in Ägypten, 973–1074 | language = German | trans-title = The Caliphs of Cairo: The Fatimids in Egypt, 973–1074 | publisher = C. H. Beck | location = Munich | year = 2003 | isbn = 3-406-48654-1 | pages=341–343}}</ref> | |||
| ==== Europe ==== | ==== Europe ==== | ||
| * June – Emperor ] ('''the Elder''') leads |
* ] – Emperor ] ('''the Elder''') leads an invasion into ]. He plunders the lands west of the River ], but suffers from consequences of the ] tactics used by the Hungarians. Conrad, threatened by starvation, is forced to retreat back to ]. King ] pursues his forces, which are defeated and captured by the Hungarians at ]. | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ]: King ] ('''St. Olaf''') attempts to reconquer ] with help from King ] of ]. He is defeated by a superior Norwegian peasant and Danish army (14,000 men). Olaf is killed in the battle, he is later canonized and becomes the ] of Norway and ''Rex perpetuum Norvegiae'' ('the eternal king of Norway'). | ||
| * The first mention is made of ], ], as Grand Prince ] ('''the Wise''') of ] and ] defeats the ] |
* The first mention is made of ], ], as Grand Prince ] ('''the Wise''') of ] and ] defeats the ], and founds a fort named Yuryev (modern-day Tartu).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tvauri|first1=Andres|title=The Migration Period, Pre-Viking Age, and Viking Age in Estonia|date=2012|pages=33, 59, 60|url=https://www.etis.ee/Portal/Publications/Display/b80b6f11-43ed-4b8c-b616-48ac53b70ec5?language=ENG|accessdate=December 27, 2016}}</ref> The Rus' will hold the fortress for the next 30 or 31 years. | ||
| * The first mention is made of ], ], which is derived from ''Tellewilare'', and indicates the early medieval |
* The first mention is made of ], ], which is derived from ''Tellewilare'', and indicates the early medieval origins of Thalwil as an ]c farmstead. | ||
| * ] revolts against his father King ] ('''the Pious''') in a civil war over power and property. Robert's army is defeated, and he retreats to ]. | * ] revolts against his father King ] ('''the Pious''') in a civil war over power and property. Robert's army is defeated, and he retreats to ]. | ||
| ==== Asia ==== | ==== Asia ==== | ||
| * ] – Sultan ] dies after a 28-year reign. He is succeeded by his son ] who seizes the throne of the ], which includes much of ], ] and |
* ] – Sultan ] dies after a 28-year reign. He is succeeded by his son ] who seizes the throne of the ], which includes much of ], ] and India. | ||
| * ], |
* ], a Chinese historian and scholar, obtains his '']'' degree at the age of 23, by passing the ] in the country, leading him into a distinguished path as a ]. | ||
| </onlyinclude> | </onlyinclude> | ||
| * ] reaches its greatest extent. | |||
| == Births == | == Births == | ||
| * ] – ], king of the ] (]) | * ] – ], king of the ] (]) | ||
| * ] – ], bishop of ] (d. ]) | * ] – ], bishop of ] (d. ]) | ||
| * ], German ] (approximate date) | * ], German ] (approximate date) | ||
| * ], French queen and ] (approximate date) | |||
| * ] ('''the Good'''), count of ] (approximate date) | * ] ('''the Good'''), count of ] (approximate date) | ||
| * ], founder of the ] (d. ]) | |||
| * ] ('''the Great'''), duke of ] (approximate date) | |||
| * ], countess of ] (approximate date) | |||
| * ], German priest (approximate date) | * ], German priest (approximate date) | ||
| * ], |
* ], emperor of the ] (d. ]) | ||
| * ], Grand Prince of ] (d. ]) | |||
| * ], French ] (approximate date) | |||
| * ], German abbot (approximate date) | |||
| == Deaths == | == Deaths == | ||
| Line 39: | Line 49: | ||
| * ] – ], French bishop and poet (or ]) | * ] – ], French bishop and poet (or ]) | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| ** ], Norwegian |
** ], Norwegian servant and diplomat | ||
| ** ] ('''St. Olaf'''), king of ] | ** ] ('''St. Olaf'''), king of ] | ||
| ** ], Norwegian Viking warrior | ** ], Norwegian ] warrior | ||
| * ], Fatimid historian and official (b. ]) | * ], Fatimid historian and official (b. ]) | ||
| * ], Irish poet and ] | * ], Irish poet and ] | ||
| Line 48: | Line 58: | ||
| * ], king of ] (]) | * ], king of ] (]) | ||
| * ], Persian official and ] (b. ]) | * ], Persian official and ] (b. ]) | ||
| * ], countess of Flanders (b. ]) | |||
| * ], Icelandic ] and ] | * ], Icelandic ] and ] | ||
| * ], king of ] (approximate date) | * ], king of ] (approximate date) | ||
Latest revision as of 13:03, 3 January 2025
Calendar year
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1030 by topic |
|---|
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Gregorian calendar | 1030 MXXX |
| Ab urbe condita | 1783 |
| Armenian calendar | 479 ԹՎ ՆՀԹ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5780 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 951–952 |
| Bengali calendar | 436–437 |
| Berber calendar | 1980 |
| English Regnal year | N/A |
| Buddhist calendar | 1574 |
| Burmese calendar | 392 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6538–6539 |
| Chinese calendar | 己巳年 (Earth Snake) 3727 or 3520 — to — 庚午年 (Metal Horse) 3728 or 3521 |
| Coptic calendar | 746–747 |
| Discordian calendar | 2196 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1022–1023 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4790–4791 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1086–1087 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 951–952 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4130–4131 |
| Holocene calendar | 11030 |
| Igbo calendar | 30–31 |
| Iranian calendar | 408–409 |
| Islamic calendar | 420–421 |
| Japanese calendar | Chōgen 3 (長元３年) |
| Javanese calendar | 932–933 |
| Julian calendar | 1030 MXXX |
| Korean calendar | 3363 |
| Minguo calendar | 882 before ROC 民前882年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −438 |
| Seleucid era | 1341/1342 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1572–1573 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴土蛇年 (female Earth-Snake) 1156 or 775 or 3 — to — 阳金马年 (male Iron-Horse) 1157 or 776 or 4 |
Year 1030 (MXXX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
- Emperor Romanos III Argyros decides to retaliate upon the incursions of the Muslims on the eastern frontier. He leads a Byzantine expeditionary force (20,000 men) to secure Antioch. The Mirdasid emir Shibl al-Dawla Nasr of Aleppo sues for peace, but Romanos refuses to negotiate and leads his army against Aleppo, against the advice of his generals. The Byzantine army encamps near Azaz, where they are encircled by the Mirdasids' Bedouin troops, who cut off the Byzantines from food and water.
- August 10 – Romanos orders a retreat to Antioch. As the army is exhausted from the heat and the lack of supplies, the retreat soon turns into a flight in panic. Romanos returns to Constantinople in humiliation but his generals on the eastern frontier manage to salvage the situation: a Fatimid attack on Maraclea is repulsed, and Azaz itself is captured in December after a brief siege. In April/May 1031, Emir Nasr of Aleppo agreed to vassal and tributary status with Byzantium.
Europe
- June – Emperor Conrad II (the Elder) leads an invasion into Hungary. He plunders the lands west of the River Rába, but suffers from consequences of the scorched earth tactics used by the Hungarians. Conrad, threatened by starvation, is forced to retreat back to Germany. King Stephen I pursues his forces, which are defeated and captured by the Hungarians at Vienna.
- July 29 – Battle of Stiklestad: King Olaf II Haraldsson (St. Olaf) attempts to reconquer Norway with help from King Anund Jakob of Sweden. He is defeated by a superior Norwegian peasant and Danish army (14,000 men). Olaf is killed in the battle, he is later canonized and becomes the patron saint of Norway and Rex perpetuum Norvegiae ('the eternal king of Norway').
- The first mention is made of Tartu, Estonia, as Grand Prince Yaroslav I (the Wise) of Novgorod and Kyiv defeats the Estonians, and founds a fort named Yuryev (modern-day Tartu). The Rus' will hold the fortress for the next 30 or 31 years.
- The first mention is made of Thalwil, Switzerland, which is derived from Tellewilare, and indicates the early medieval origins of Thalwil as an Alemannic farmstead.
- Henry I revolts against his father King Robert II (the Pious) in a civil war over power and property. Robert's army is defeated, and he retreats to Beaugency.
Asia
- April 30 – Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni dies after a 28-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Mas'ud I who seizes the throne of the Ghaznavid Empire, which includes much of Afghanistan, Iran and India.
- Ouyang Xiu, a Chinese historian and scholar, obtains his jinshi degree at the age of 23, by passing the imperial examinations in the country, leading him into a distinguished path as a scholar-official.
- The Chola Empire reaches its greatest extent.
Births
- July 21 – Kyansittha, king of the Pagan Empire (Burma)
- July 26 – Stanislaus of Szczepanów, bishop of Kraków (d. 1079)
- Adelaide of Eilenburg, German noblewoman (approximate date)
- Anne of Kiev, French queen and regent (approximate date)
- Baldwin VI (the Good), count of Flanders (approximate date)
- Bruno of Cologne, founder of the Carthusian Order (d. 1101)
- Gerard (the Great), duke of Lorraine (approximate date)
- Gertrude of Saxony, countess of Holland (approximate date)
- Manegold of Lautenbach, German priest (approximate date)
- Romanos IV, emperor of the Byzantine Empire (d. 1072)
- Vsevolod I Yaroslavich, Grand Prince of Kyiv (d. 1093)
- Walter of Pontoise, French abbot (approximate date)
- William of Hirsau, German abbot (approximate date)
Deaths
- January 10 – Thietmar, margrave of the Saxon Ostmark
- January 31 – William V (the Great), duke of Aquitaine (b. 969)
- March 10 – Welf II, German nobleman (Elder House of Welf)
- April 30 – Mahmud of Ghazni, Ghaznavid emir (b. 971)
- July 19 – Adalberon, French bishop and poet (or 1031)
- July 29
- Bjørn Stallare, Norwegian servant and diplomat
- Olaf II Haraldsson (St. Olaf), king of Norway
- Torstein Knarresmed, Norwegian Viking warrior
- Al-Musabbihi, Fatimid historian and official (b. 977)
- Cú Mara mac Maic Liac, Irish poet and Chief Ollam
- Fan Kuan, Chinese landscape painter (approximate date)
- Gormflaith ingen Murchada, Irish queen (b. 960)
- Krešimir III, king of Croatia (Trpimirović Dynasty)
- Miskawayh, Persian official and philosopher (b. 932)
- Skapti Þóroddsson, Icelandic lawspeaker and skald
- Tadg in Eich Gil, king of Connacht (approximate date)
- William IV, count of Provence (approximate date)
References
- Halm, Heinz (2003). Die Kalifen von Kairo: Die Fatimiden in Ägypten, 973–1074 [The Caliphs of Cairo: The Fatimids in Egypt, 973–1074] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck. pp. 341–343. ISBN 3-406-48654-1.
- Tvauri, Andres (2012). The Migration Period, Pre-Viking Age, and Viking Age in Estonia. pp. 33, 59, 60. Retrieved December 27, 2016.