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2019 North Macedonian presidential election: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|none}}
{{pp-protected|small=yes}}
{{Infobox election {{Infobox election
| election_name = 2019 Macedonian presidential election<!-- This must match the article title-->
| country = North Macedonia | country = North Macedonia
| type = presidential | type = presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 2014 Macedonian general election | previous_election = 2014 Macedonian general election
| previous_year = 2014 | previous_year = 2014
| next_election = 2024 North Macedonian presidential election
| next_year = 2024
| election_date = 21 April 2019 (first round)<br/>5 May 2019 (second round) | election_date = 21 April 2019 (first round)<br/>5 May 2019 (second round)
| turnout = 41.67% (first round)<br/>46.65% (second round)
| image1=
| image1 = Стево Пендаровский (16-10-2018) (cropped).jpg
⚫ | nominee1= ]
⚫ | nominee1 = '''{{nowrap|]}}'''
⚫ | party1= VMRO-DPMNE
⚫ | party1 = Social Democratic Union of Macedonia
| popular_vote1= | popular_vote1 = '''435,656'''
| percentage1= | percentage1 = '''53.58%'''
| image2= ]
⚫ | image2 = Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova (2012-11-13).jpg
⚫ | nominee2= ]
| nominee2 = {{nowrap|]}}
⚫ | party2= Social Democratic Union of Macedonia
⚫ | party2 = VMRO-DPMNE
| popular_vote2= | popular_vote2 = 377,446
| percentage2= | percentage2 = 46.42%
| map_image= | map_image = 2019mk.png
| map_size=
| map_caption= | map_caption = Second round results by municipality
| title= President | title = President
| before_election= ] | before_election = ]
| before_party= VMRO-DPMNE | before_party = VMRO-DPMNE
| after_election= | after_election = ]
| after_party= | after_party = Social Democratic Union of Macedonia
}}{{Politics of Macedonia}} }}{{Politics of Macedonia}}


'''Presidential elections''' were held in ] on 21 April 2019. Three candidates were on the ballot in the first round; ] of the ruling ], ] of the nationalist opposition ] party, and ], an independent representing the Albanian minority. Pendarovski and Siljanovska-Davkova finished in first and second place, qualifying for the second round on 5 May.<ref> Deutsche Welle, 21 April 2019</ref><ref>. The Guardian, 22 April 2019</ref><ref>. France24, 22 April 2019</ref> Presidential elections were held in ] in 2019. Three candidates were on the ballot in the first round, held on 21 April: ], supported by the ruling coalition led by the ], including the ];<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2019 |title=Втор обид на Пендаровски, овојпат како консензуален кандидат |language=mk |work=] |url=https://www.dw.com/mk/%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80-%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82/a-47749907 |access-date=14 April 2022}}</ref> ] of the leading opposition party ], and ], an independent supported by Albanian opposition parties ] and ].<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 February 2019 |title=Професорот Блерим Река независен претседателски кандидат, ќе го поддржат Алијанса за Албанците и Беса |language=mk |work=Сакам Да Кажам |url=https://sdk.mk/index.php/makedonija/profesorot-blerim-reka-nezavisen-pretsedatelski-kandidat-ke-go-poddrzhat-alijansa-za-albantsite-i-besa/ |access-date=14 April 2022}}</ref> The first round did not result in an absolute majority for any candidate, with Pendarovski receiving the most votes. In the second round held on 5 May, Pendarovski defeated Siljanovska-Davkova with 54% of the vote.<ref>. New York Times, 6 May 2019.</ref>


Incumbent President ] was constitutionally barred from seeking a third term in office, having previously been elected in ] and ]. Incumbent President ] was constitutionally barred from seeking a third term in office, having previously been elected in ] and ].
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{{Further|Macedonia naming dispute}} {{Further|Macedonia naming dispute}}


The elections will be the first in North Macedonia after the ], signed on 17 June 2018. A ] was held on 30 September, in which a majority of voters approved the agreement, although turnout was far below the quorum required to validate the result, mainly because of an organized boycott of the Anti-Prespa agreement bloc. The ] subsequently approved the change of the country's name to "North Macedonia" on 11 January 2019, but the voting process had violent past, when 8 members from ] (who later were excluded from ]) of whom 2 were participants in the ]. Greece ratified the agreement & the accession protocol for NATO. The elections were the first in North Macedonia after the ], signed on 17 June 2018. A ] was held on 30 September, in which a majority of voters approved the agreement, although turnout was far below the quorum required to validate the result, mainly because of an organized boycott of the Anti-Prespa agreement bloc. The ] subsequently approved the change of the country's name to "North Macedonia" on 11 January 2019, and Greece subsequently ratified the agreement and the accession protocol for NATO.


Incumbent President Gjorge Ivanov has been a vocal opponent of the name change and refused to sign the laws and amendments on the matter. However, Assembly Speaker ] claimed that his signature was enough to enforce the change.<ref name="Amnesty">{{cite news|url=https://www.balkaneu.com/126120-2/|title=Ivanov: Amnesty is a blackmail for votes for the Prespes Agreement|date=28 December 2018|website=Independent Balkan News Agency}}</ref> Incumbent President Gjorge Ivanov was a vocal opponent of the name change and refused to sign the laws and amendments on the matter. However, Assembly Speaker ] claimed that his signature was enough to enforce the change.<ref name="Amnesty">{{cite news|url=https://www.balkaneu.com/126120-2/|title=Ivanov: Amnesty is a blackmail for votes for the Prespes Agreement|date=28 December 2018|website=Independent Balkan News Agency}}</ref>


The name change has the support of the government coalition formed by the ] (SDSM) and the ethnic Albanian ] in ]. The nationalist ] coalition led by ] is in favor of NATO integration but against the name change, although the change was approved in the Assembly with at least four VMRO-DPMNE MPs voting in favour.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20190111-deputies-agree-historic-name-change-macedonia|title=Deputies agree historic name change for Macedonia|website=France 24|date=11 January 2019}}</ref> The name change had the support of the government coalition formed by the ] (SDSM) and the ethnic Albanian ]. The nationalist ] coalition led by ] was in favor of NATO integration but against the name change, although the change was approved in the Assembly with at least four VMRO-DPMNE MPs voting in favour.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20190111-deputies-agree-historic-name-change-macedonia|title=Deputies agree historic name change for Macedonia|website=France 24|date=11 January 2019}}</ref>


After her nomination, VMRO-DPMNE candidate Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova promised to initiate a second referendum and restore the old name to the country if she won.<ref>Силјановска ќе игра „втор референдум“ за Договорот од Преспа! </ref> After her nomination, VMRO-DPMNE candidate Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova had promised to initiate a second referendum and restore the old name to the country if she won.<ref>Силјановска ќе игра „втор референдум“ за Договорот од Преспа! </ref>


==Electoral system== ==Electoral system==
The President of North Macedonia is elected using a modified ]; a candidate can only be elected in the first round of voting if they receive the equivalent of over 50% of the vote from all registered voters.<ref> Balkan Insight, 13 April 2014</ref> In the second round, voter turnout must be at least 40% for the result to be deemed valid.<ref name=XXXI> Constitution of North Macedonia</ref> Before 2009, the constitution required turnout in the second round to be 50% to validate the result. However, the XXXI amendment approved on 9 January 2009 lowered the threshold to 40%,<ref name=XXXI/> as the then-government feared the trend of reducing turnouts would lead to presidential elections being frequently invalidated. In the ], second round turnout was just 42.6%.<ref>Anna Fruhstorfer & Michael Hein (2016) Springer, p235</ref> The President of North Macedonia is elected using a modified ]; a candidate can only be elected in the first round of voting if they receive the equivalent of over 50% of the vote from all registered voters.<ref> Balkan Insight, 13 April 2014</ref> In the second round, voter turnout must be at least 40% for the result to be deemed valid.<ref name=XXXI> Constitution of North Macedonia</ref> Before 2009, the constitution required turnout in the second round to be 50% to validate the result. However, the XXXI amendment approved on 9 January 2009 lowered the threshold to 40%,<ref name=XXXI/> as the then-government feared the trend of reducing turnouts would lead to presidential elections being frequently invalidated. In the ], second round turnout was just 42.6%.<ref>Anna Fruhstorfer & Michael Hein (2016) Springer, p235</ref>


The ] mandates that the President must be over 40 years of age and have lived in the country for ten of the last fifteen years. The ] mandates that the President must be over 40 years of age and have lived in the country for ten of the last fifteen years.
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== Opinion polls == == Opinion polls ==


Since the nomination of the candidates, several opinion polls have been conducted. The percentages of the polls below are related to only those voters who declared that they would vote for a certain candidate. Before and between the voting rounds, several opinion polls were conducted. The percentages of the polls below are related to only those voters who declared that they would vote for a certain candidate.


'''First round''' '''First round'''
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{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
|- |-
! Date(s) conducted!! Polling firm/Client !! Sample size/Type !! ]/] !! ]/]!! ]/],] !! Lead ! Date(s) conducted!! Polling firm/Client !! Sample size/Type !! ]/] !! ]/]!! ]/], ] !! Lead
|- |-
| 8-14 Apr 2019 || || 1,112/Face-to-face || '''45.5''' || 39.5 || 15.0 || 6.0 | 8-14 Apr 2019 || || 1,112/Face-to-face || '''45.5''' || 39.5 || 15.0 || 6.0
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==Results== ==Results==
To win in the first round, a candidate would have to receive at least 904,066 votes, equivalent to 50% of the number of registered voters. To win in the first round, a candidate would have had to receive at least 904,066 votes, equivalent to 50% of the number of registered voters.

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
{{Election results
!rowspan=2 colspan=2|Candidate
|cand1=]|party1=]|votes1=322581|votes1_2=435656|color1=#033A73
!rowspan=2|Party
⚫ |cand2=]|party2=]|votes2=318341|votes2_2=377446
!colspan=2|First round
|cand3=]|party3=Independent|votes3=79888
!colspan=2|Second round
|invalid=32697|invalid2=30406
|-
|votes5_2=843508
!Votes
|electorate=1808131|electorate2=1808131
!%
|source=
!Votes
⚫ }}
!%
|-
|bgcolor=#033A73| ||align=left|]||align=left|]||323,709||44.78|| ||
|-
⚫ |bgcolor=#CC0000| ||align=left|]||align=left|]||319,224||44.16|| ||
|-
|bgcolor=#6D3D87| ||align=left|]||align=left|Independent||79,921||11.06||colspan=2|
|-
|align=left colspan=3|Invalid/blank votes||32,811||–|| ||
|-
|align=left colspan=3|'''Total'''||'''755,655'''||'''100'''||''' '''||'''100'''
|-
|align=left colspan=3|Registered voters/turnout||1,808,131||41.79|| ||
|-
|align=left colspan=7|Source:
⚫ |}


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}


{{Macedonian elections}} {{North Macedonian elections}}


] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]

Latest revision as of 01:42, 29 June 2024

2019 North Macedonian presidential election
← 2014 21 April 2019 (first round)
5 May 2019 (second round)		 2024 →
Turnout41.67% (first round)
46.65% (second round)
 
Nominee Stevo Pendarovski Gordana Siljanovska
Party SDSM VMRO-DPMNE
Popular vote 435,656 377,446
Percentage 53.58% 46.42%
Second round results by municipality
President before election

Gjorge Ivanov
VMRO-DPMNE

Elected President

Stevo Pendarovski
SDSM

Politics of North Macedonia
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Presidential elections were held in North Macedonia in 2019. Three candidates were on the ballot in the first round, held on 21 April: Stevo Pendarovski, supported by the ruling coalition led by the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia, including the Democratic Union for Integration; Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova of the leading opposition party VMRO-DPMNE, and Blerim Reka, an independent supported by Albanian opposition parties Alliance for Albanians and Besa Movement. The first round did not result in an absolute majority for any candidate, with Pendarovski receiving the most votes. In the second round held on 5 May, Pendarovski defeated Siljanovska-Davkova with 54% of the vote.

Incumbent President Gjorge Ivanov was constitutionally barred from seeking a third term in office, having previously been elected in 2009 and 2014.

Background

Further information: Macedonia naming dispute

The elections were the first in North Macedonia after the Prespa agreement on the naming dispute, signed on 17 June 2018. A referendum was held on 30 September, in which a majority of voters approved the agreement, although turnout was far below the quorum required to validate the result, mainly because of an organized boycott of the Anti-Prespa agreement bloc. The Assembly subsequently approved the change of the country's name to "North Macedonia" on 11 January 2019, and Greece subsequently ratified the agreement and the accession protocol for NATO.

Incumbent President Gjorge Ivanov was a vocal opponent of the name change and refused to sign the laws and amendments on the matter. However, Assembly Speaker Talat Xhaferi claimed that his signature was enough to enforce the change.

The name change had the support of the government coalition formed by the Social Democrats (SDSM) and the ethnic Albanian Democratic Union for Integration. The nationalist VMRO-DPMNE coalition led by Hristijan Mickoski was in favor of NATO integration but against the name change, although the change was approved in the Assembly with at least four VMRO-DPMNE MPs voting in favour.

After her nomination, VMRO-DPMNE candidate Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova had promised to initiate a second referendum and restore the old name to the country if she won.

Electoral system

The President of North Macedonia is elected using a modified two-round system; a candidate can only be elected in the first round of voting if they receive the equivalent of over 50% of the vote from all registered voters. In the second round, voter turnout must be at least 40% for the result to be deemed valid. Before 2009, the constitution required turnout in the second round to be 50% to validate the result. However, the XXXI amendment approved on 9 January 2009 lowered the threshold to 40%, as the then-government feared the trend of reducing turnouts would lead to presidential elections being frequently invalidated. In the 2009 presidential elections, second round turnout was just 42.6%.

The constitution mandates that the President must be over 40 years of age and have lived in the country for ten of the last fifteen years.

Opinion polls

Before and between the voting rounds, several opinion polls were conducted. The percentages of the polls below are related to only those voters who declared that they would vote for a certain candidate.

First round

Date(s) conducted Polling firm/Client Sample size/Type Pendarovski/SDSM Siljanovska/VMRO-DPMNE Reka/AA, Besa Lead
8-14 Apr 2019 Rating Agency 1,112/Face-to-face 45.5 39.5 15.0 6.0
7-11 Apr 2019 IDSCS/Telma&MCMS 967/Telephone 44.1 38.1 17.8 6.0
4-10 Apr 2019 M-Prospect/MRT 1,197/Telephone 43.2 38.8 18.0 4.4
10 Mar-10 Apr 2019 Samerimpex Impulses/MCMS 1,147/Online 50.4 41.4 8.2 9.0
23-27 Mar 2019 IPIS/Sitel 1,110/Telephone 45.9 42.7 11.3 3.2
13-19 Mar 2019 M-Prospect/Telma&MCMS 1,001/Telephone 42.9 38.4 18.7 4.5

Second round

Date(s) conducted Polling firm/Client Sample size/Type Pendarovski/SDSM Siljanovska/VMRO-DPMNE Lead
13-19 Mar 2019 M-Prospect/Telma&MCMS 1,001/Telephone 55.3 44.7 10.6

Results

To win in the first round, a candidate would have had to receive at least 904,066 votes, equivalent to 50% of the number of registered voters.

CandidatePartyFirst roundSecond round
Votes%Votes%
Stevo PendarovskiSocial Democratic Union of Macedonia322,58144.75435,65653.58
Gordana Siljanovska-DavkovaVMRO-DPMNE318,34144.16377,44646.42
Blerim RekaIndependent79,88811.08
Total720,810100.00813,102100.00
Valid votes720,81095.66813,10296.40
Invalid/blank votes32,6974.3430,4063.60
Total votes753,507100.00843,508100.00
Registered voters/turnout1,808,13141.671,808,13146.65
Source: OCSE

References

  1. "Втор обид на Пендаровски, овојпат како консензуален кандидат". Deutsche Welle (in Macedonian). 2 March 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  2. "Професорот Блерим Река независен претседателски кандидат, ќе го поддржат Алијанса за Албанците и Беса". Сакам Да Кажам (in Macedonian). 28 February 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  3. Supporter of North Macedonia Name Change Wins Presidency. New York Times, 6 May 2019.
  4. "Ivanov: Amnesty is a blackmail for votes for the Prespes Agreement". Independent Balkan News Agency. 28 December 2018.
  5. "Deputies agree historic name change for Macedonia". France 24. 11 January 2019.
  6. Силјановска ќе игра „втор референдум“ за Договорот од Преспа! 18.02.2019; Deutsche Welle.
  7. Polls Open in Macedonia Presidential Elections Balkan Insight, 13 April 2014
  8. ^ Amendment XXXI Constitution of North Macedonia
  9. Anna Fruhstorfer & Michael Hein (2016) Constitutional Politics in Central and Eastern Europe: From Post-Socialist Transition to the Reform of Political Systems Springer, p235
North Macedonia Elections and referendums in North Macedonia
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See also: Elections in Yugoslavia
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