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| {{short description|Priest of Rome elected pope in March 752}} | {{short description|Priest of Rome elected pope in March 752}} | ||
| {{Pope Stephen ToP Dab|e}} | {{Pope Stephen ToP Dab|e}} | ||
| {{Infobox Christian leader | |
{{Infobox Christian leader | ||
| |type = Pope | |||
| |honorific-prefix=Pope-elect | |honorific-prefix=Pope-elect | ||
| |name=Stephen | |name=Stephen | ||
| |image=Pope Stephen (papacy 752-757).jpg | |||
| |image_size = | |||
| |birth_name=Stephanus | |||
| |term_start=23 March 752 | |||
| |term_end=25 March 752 | |||
| |predecessor=] | |predecessor=] | ||
| |successor=] | |successor=] (as Pope) <br> ] (as Pope-elect) | ||
| |cardinal=745 | |cardinal=745 | ||
| |created_cardinal_by=] | |created_cardinal_by=] | ||
| |birth_date= | |birth_date= | ||
| |birth_place=] | |birth_place=], ], ] | ||
| |death_date={{death date|752|3|25|df=y}} | |death_date={{death date|752|3|25|df=y}} | ||
| |death_place=] | |death_place=], ] | ||
| |previous_post=] of ] ( |
|previous_post=] of ] (745–752) | ||
| |image= | |||
| |other=Stephen}} | |other=Stephen}} | ||
| '''Pope-elect Stephen''' (died 25 March 752) was a Roman priest |
'''Pope-elect Stephen''' (died 25 March 752) was a Roman priest ] in March 752 to succeed ]. Because he died before he was ], he is considered only a {{nowrap|pope]}} rather than a legitimate ]. | ||
| ==Election to the Papacy== | |||
| In 745, Pope Zachary had made him a ], with the ] of ], the same titulus later held by Cardinal Frederick of Lorraine, who became ]. | |||
| In 745, Stephen was made a ] by ]. His ] was ]. Zachary died in mid-March 752. On 23 March, Stephen was ] to become the new ]. He died of a ] only days later, before being ] as ].<ref name=CE>{{cite web| url = http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14288b.htm| title = Horace Mann, "Pope Stephen II" in ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' (New York 2013)}}</ref><ref> By Joseph Cummins. National Geographic Books. p. 13.</ref> | |||
| According to the ] of the time, a pope's ] started upon his consecration.<ref name=AP2012>Annuario Pontificio 2012 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012 {{ISBN|978-88-209-8722-0}}), p. 11*</ref> Later canon law considered that a man became pope the moment he accepted his election, and Pope-elect Stephen was then anachronistically called Pope Stephen II.<ref>For example, see Rev. ], S.J., ''A Full Catechism of the Catholic Religion'' (translated by Rev. John Fander; 1863), -61.</ref> His name was removed from the list of popes in the '']'' in 1961.<ref> (Harper Collins 2013 {{ISBN|978-0-06228834-9}}), p. 121</ref> | |||
| ==Regnal numbering of popes named Stephen== | |||
| The ]ing of ]<!-- points to a disambiguation page intentionally --> has changed over the centuries. Regnal numbering was not used for popes until the 10th century, and any numbering attached to earlier popes has been applied retroactively. | |||
| Until the 10th century, from 752 to 942, eight men who bore the name Stephen, including this priest Stephen, were elected pope, but only seven reigned as pope. The '']'' attaches to its mention of ] a footnote mentioning Pope-elect Stephen: "On the death of ] the Roman priest Stephen was elected; but, since he died three days later and before his '']'', which according to the ] of the time was the true commencement of his pontificate, his name is not registered in the ''Liber Pontificalis'' nor in other lists of the popes."<ref name=AP2012>Annuario Pontificio 2012 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012 {{ISBN|978-88-209-8722-0}}), p. 11*</ref> | |||
| The first pope to take the name "]" after regnal numbering became customary was called ] during his lifetime and signed all his documents "''Stephanus Papa Nonus''", Latin for "Pope Stephen IX". | |||
| Later canon law, in force until 1 October 1975,<ref>On that date, Pope Paul VI changed the law, laying down in his apostolic constitution '''' that (to quote an ), "88. After his acceptance, the person elected, if he be a bishop, is straightway bishop of Rome, true pope, and head of the episcopal college. He possesses and can exercise full and supreme power over the universal Church. If, however, the elected person does not possess the episcopal character, he is to be immediately ordained a bishop." Pope Paul VI's change of the law was incorporated into the : "Can. 332 §1 The Roman Pontiff acquires full and supreme power in the Church when, together with episcopal consecration, he has been lawfully elected and has accepted the election. Accordingly, if he already has the episcopal character, he receives this power from the moment he accepts election to the supreme pontificate. If he does not have the episcopal character, he is immediately to be ordained Bishop."</ref> considered that a man became pope at the moment when he accepted his election to the papacy, and Pope-elect Stephen was then anachronistically called Pope Stephen II. Some writers, but not all, consequently increased the numbering of later Popes of that name, making them Popes Stephen III-X.<ref>For example, see Rev. ], S.J., ''A Full Catechism of the Catholic Religion'' (translated by Rev. John Fander; 1863), -61.</ref> This Pope-elect Stephen's name was removed from the list of popes in the ''Annuario Pontificio'' in 1961.<ref> (Harper Collins 2013 {{ISBN|978-0-06228834-9}}), p. 121</ref> | |||
| Divergent usage led to the use of a dual numbering for these popes, so that they are sometimes referred to as Popes Stephen II (III)–IX (X). This practice is found in the '']'',<ref>For instance, </ref> the ''Annuario Pontificio''<ref name=AP2012/> and the '']''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=ke5MAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Pope+Stephen+II+(III)%22&dq=%22Pope+Stephen+II+(III)%22|title=Encyclopædia Britannica|publisher=|isbn=9780852291733|year=1973}}</ref> | |||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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Latest revision as of 18:59, 6 January 2025
Priest of Rome elected pope in March 752 In sources prior to the 1960s, this pope is called Stephen II and Pope Stephen II is called Stephen III.| Pope-elect Stephen | |
|---|---|
| Predecessor | Zachary |
| Successor | Stephen II (as Pope) Celestine II (as Pope-elect) |
| Previous post(s) | Cardinal-priest of San Crisogono (745–752) |
| Orders | |
| Created cardinal | 745 by Zachary |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Rome, Italy, Eastern Roman Empire |
| Died | (752-03-25)25 March 752 Rome, Kingdom of the Lombards |
| Other popes named Stephen | |
Pope-elect Stephen (died 25 March 752) was a Roman priest selected in March 752 to succeed Pope Zachary. Because he died before he was consecrated, he is considered only a pope-elect rather than a legitimate pope.
Election to the Papacy
In 745, Stephen was made a cardinal-priest by Pope Zachary. His titular church was San Crisogono. Zachary died in mid-March 752. On 23 March, Stephen was selected to become the new pope. He died of a stroke only days later, before being consecrated as bishop of Rome.
According to the canon law of the time, a pope's pontificate started upon his consecration. Later canon law considered that a man became pope the moment he accepted his election, and Pope-elect Stephen was then anachronistically called Pope Stephen II. His name was removed from the list of popes in the Annuario Pontificio in 1961.
See also
References
- "Horace Mann, "Pope Stephen II" in Catholic Encyclopedia (New York 2013)".
- History's great untold stories: larger than life characters & dramatic ... By Joseph Cummins. National Geographic Books. p. 13.
- Annuario Pontificio 2012 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012 ISBN 978-88-209-8722-0), p. 11*
- For example, see Rev. Joseph Deharbe, S.J., A Full Catechism of the Catholic Religion (translated by Rev. John Fander; 1863), p. 60-61.
- Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes (Harper Collins 2013 ISBN 978-0-06228834-9), p. 121
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