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| '''Nicotine pouches''' are white pre-portioned pouches containing ] but no tobacco,<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> and are described as either similar to or a tobacco-free version of ].<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/><ref name=DagbladetTocaccoFreeSnusBan/><ref name=DagbladetSnusWithoutTobacco>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dagbladet.no/a/70044417|title=Bråstans for snus uten tobakk|last=Klausen|first=Marte|date=2018-07-25|website=Dagbladet.no|language=no|access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nettotobak.com/varumarken/lyft|title=LYFT {{!}} Vitt utan Tobak! {{!}} Nettotobak!|last=|first=|date=|website=Nettotobak.com|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-02-03|quote=LYFT är det senaste inom helvitt snus}}</ref> No ] is involved.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> The user puts a pouch between the upper lip and gum, and leaves it there while the nicotine and taste is being released.{{CN|date=February 2020}} When finished, the pouch is disposed of.{{CN|date=February 2020}} The small pouches are used like ], but the user does not need to spit, as the contents of the pouches stay inside the pouches during use.<ref name=Buehler2019/><ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> Nicotine pouches are shelf-stable and do not need refrigeration, but will dry up if left outside of the packaging.{{CN|date=February 2020}} | |||
| There is no independent testing of their constituents, exposure or biomarkers of effects.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> Research analyzing their nicotine delivery is unavailable.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> The pouches are sold in an array of ].<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> In 2019, five ] companies offered nicotine pouch products.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> | |||
| == Usage == | |||
| No studies are available to determine if ] would switch to nicotine pouches or if they would continue to smoke and use nicotine pouches, resulting in dual use.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> Nicotine pouches typically cost about as much as a pack of regular cigarettes.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> Unlike ] products, they require no batteries and no accessory device.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> | |||
| Nicotine pouches may entice youth as well as young adult never-smokers because they are available in an array of fruit flavors and may be used unobtrusively.<ref name="RobichaudSeidenberg2019" /> | |||
| In Norway the brand Zonnic is sold in pharmacies as a form of ], approved by ], for ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.felleskatalogen.no/medisin/pasienter/pil-zonnic-niconovum-592238|title=Zonnic Niconovum munnpulver i porsjonspose - Felleskatalogen Pasientutgave|website=www.felleskatalogen.no|access-date=2020-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203032522/https://www.felleskatalogen.no/medisin/pasienter/pil-zonnic-niconovum-592238|archive-date=2020-02-03|url-status=live}}</ref>{{FV|date=February 2020}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://helsenorge.no/rus-og-avhengighet/snus-og-roykeslutt/hjelpemidler-ved-roykeslutt|title=Røykeslutt - legemidler - helsenorge.no|website=helsenorge.no|access-date=2020-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203032525/https://helsenorge.no/rus-og-avhengighet/snus-og-roykeslutt/hjelpemidler-ved-roykeslutt|archive-date=2020-02-03|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zonnic.no/zonnic-produkter/zonnic-porsjonsposer/|title=Zonnic Porsjonsposer 2 el. 4 mg nikotin {{!}} Zonnic|website=www.zonnic.no|access-date=2020-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203032529/https://www.zonnic.no/zonnic-produkter/zonnic-porsjonsposer/|archive-date=2020-02-03|url-status=live}}</ref>{{unreliable-inline|date=February 2020}} | |||
| == Contents == | |||
| Nicotine pouches often contains food grade fillers, water, salt, flavorings and nicotine.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> The nicotine content among nicotine pouch brands differ per pouch.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> Nicotine pouches are sold in an array of fruit flavors such as black cherry and citrus.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> Other flavors include peppermint and coffee.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> | |||
| == Research == | |||
| Although nicotine pouches have the possibility of being a reduced risk product, there is no independent testing of their constituents, exposure or biomarkers of effects.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> Research analyzing their nicotine delivery is unavailable.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> The pouches contain the ] chemical nicotine.<ref name=Buehler2019>{{cite news|url=https://www.wkbw.com/news/local-news/concern-over-nicotine-pouches-targeting-teens|title=Concern over nicotine pouches targeting teens|last=Buehler|first=Hannah|publisher=]|date=16 October 2019|access-date=25 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018121459/https://www.wkbw.com/news/local-news/concern-over-nicotine-pouches-targeting-teens|archive-date=18 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
| == Opposition == | |||
| Advocacy groups opposed to the introduction of nicotine pouches in Kenya have protested that they may raise the risk of cancer, heart disease, and reproductive or developmental harms.<ref name="Kabale2019">{{cite news|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/health/Tobacco-free-nicotine-pouches-proposal/3476990-5225488-imjgvj/index.html|title=Lobby has raised an alarm, saying the introduction of pouches could result in increased risk for cancer|last=Kabale|first=Nasibo|date=8 June 2019|work=]|access-date=24 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202064133/https://www.nation.co.ke/health/Tobacco-free-nicotine-pouches-proposal/3476990-5225488-imjgvj/index.html|archive-date=2 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The Kenya Tobacco Control Alliance said that given the higher levels of some toxic chemicals, and what the ] said was a lack of medical data showing the pouches are safer than cigarettes (as claimed by manufacturer British American Tobacco), the government should not license the product.<ref name="Kabale2019" /> | |||
| == Brands == | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| Dryft is owned by ] and it is sold in the US.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> The ] content for Dryft is 2 and 7 mg.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> | |||
| Lyft is owned by ] and it is sold in the UK and Sweden.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> The nicotine content for Lyft is 4 and 6 mg.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> In 2019, British American Tobacco started selling nicotine pouches in Kenya.<ref name=Kabale2019/> | |||
| Nordic Spirit is owned by ] and it is sold in Switzerland<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.20min.ch/finance/news/story/Machen-Snus-Importeure-jetzt-die-Laeden-dicht--23503218|title=Grosskonzerne reissen das Snus-Geschäft an sich|date=8 November 2019|access-date=31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131131157/https://www.20min.ch/finance/news/story/Machen-Snus-Importeure-jetzt-die-Laeden-dicht--23503218|archive-date=31 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and Sweden.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> The Nordic Spirit pouches contain plant-based fibers, nicotine, additives, and flavorings and are intended to be put beneath the upper or lower lip and are absorbed through the gums.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.talkingretail.com/products-news/tobacco/jti-launches-nordic-spirit-nicotine-pouches-03-09-2019/|last=Cronin|first=Eilis|title=JTI launches Nordic Spirit nicotine pouches|date=3 September 2019|access-date=31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015135202/https://www.talkingretail.com/products-news/tobacco/jti-launches-nordic-spirit-nicotine-pouches-03-09-2019/|archive-date=15 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
| ] purchased 80% of the ] nicotine pouch company.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> It is sold in Sweden, Japan and the US.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> | |||
| Velo is owned by ] and it is sold in the US.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> The nicotine content for Velo is 2 and 4 mg.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> Velo states that the contents in their products consist of nicotine obtained from the ], microcrystalline cellulose, water, salt, sucralose, citric acid, and artificial ].<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> | |||
| Zone X is owned by ] and it is sold in the UK.{{citeneeded|date=November 2019}} | |||
| ZYN is owned by ] and it is sold in Europe and the US.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> Zyn states that the contents in their products consist of pharmaceutical-grade ], hydroxypropyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, maltitol, gum arabic, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, acesulfame K, and food-grade flavorings.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> | |||
| == Classification == | |||
| It is assumed they are classified as ] in the US because they contain nicotine obtained from ].<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019/> It is not clear how they are classified in other countries.<ref name=RobichaudSeidenberg2019>{{cite journal|last1=Robichaud|first1=Meagan O.|last2=Seidenberg|first2=Andrew B.|last3=Byron|first3=M. Justin|title=Tobacco companies introduce 'tobacco-free' nicotine pouches|journal=Tobacco Control|year=2019|pages=tobaccocontrol-2019-055321|issn=0964-4563|doi=10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055321|pmid=31753961}}</ref> | |||
| Tobacco-free nicotine pouches were for sale in Norway from 2014 to 2018, under the name Epok, similar to the Swedish Lyft apart from the name. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.snuscentral.org/snus-news/mr-unz-reports/why-did-bat-kill-the-epok-brand-for-lyft/|title=Why did BAT kill the EPOK brand for LYFT?|date=2019-03-18|website=SnusCENTRAL|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203041003/https://www.snuscentral.org/snus-news/mr-unz-reports/why-did-bat-kill-the-epok-brand-for-lyft/|archive-date=2020-02-03|url-status=live}}</ref>{{unreliable-inline|date=February 2020}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.buysnus.com/news/586/epok_changes_name_to_lyft.aspx|title=EPOK changes name to LYFT - snus News - BuySnus.com|website=www.buysnus.com|access-date=2020-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203041002/https://www.buysnus.com/news/586/epok_changes_name_to_lyft.aspx|archive-date=2020-02-03|url-status=live}}</ref>{{unreliable-inline|date=February 2020}} In June 2018 the ] forced British American Tobacco Norway to remove Epok from sale or face daily fines of 150 000 NOK, due to reasons which were described as "ridiculous" by Norwegian press and politicians. The Norwegian Directorate of Health argued that since Epok didn't contain any tobacco it were a new form of nicotine product, distinct from the other forms of ] approved in Norway. New forms of nicotine products are extremely unlikely to get approved, the nicotine pouch brand ZYN had already been rejected approval twice for an extremely similar product. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aftenposten.no/article/ap-yvj7x2.html|title=Denne snusen blir nå trukket tilbake fra hyllene. Årsak: Den inneholder ikke tobakk.|last=Journalist|first=Lene Skogstrøm|date=|website=Aftenposten|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-02-03}}</ref> | |||
| Within days of the ban Epok was re-introduced to the Norwegian market, with a minute amount of bleached tobacco added, to qualify as an already approved form of nicotine product.<ref name=DagbladetTocaccoFreeSnusBan>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dagbladet.no/a/70048619|title=Disse snusboksene forsvinner fra butikkene|last=Klausen|first=Marte|date=2018-07-26|website=Dagbladet.no|language=no|access-date=2020-02-03}}</ref> As of February 2020 it is still sold in Norwegian grocery stores.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nettavisen.no/artikkel/3423803149|title=Denne snusboksen gjør ham til lovbryter: – Det strider mot all sunn fornuft|last=Teigen|first=Espen|date=2019-06-26|website=Nettavisen|language=no|access-date=2020-02-02}}</ref>{{FV|date=February 2020}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://meny.no/Sok/?query=epok|title=Epok {{!}} Meny.no|last=|first=|date=|website=www.meny.no|language=no|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-02-03}}</ref>{{unreliable-inline|date=February 2020}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kolonial.no/sok/?q=epok|title=Epok - Kolonial.no|last=|first=|date=|website=Kolonial.no|language=nb|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-02-03}}</ref>{{unreliable-inline|date=February 2020}} | |||
| == References == | |||
| {{reflist}} | |||
| == Navigation box == | |||
| {{Cigarettes}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
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