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{{Short description|Internal responses of the nations of the world.}} {{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see ] -->
{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc|display-authors=6}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{About|government responses to the outbreak|information on the status of the outbreak by country|COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory}}
As of 14 March, apart from mainland China, the ] had spread to many other countries around the world, with the most affected being South Korea, Italy, and Iran. National response measures have included containment measures such as lockdowns, quarantines, and curfews.<ref name="WOM">{{cite web|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/|title=Coronavirus Update (Live) – Worldometer|website=www.worldometers.info}}</ref>
{{See also|Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic}}
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
{{Overly detailed|date=April 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}


{{COVID-19 pandemic sidebar|expanded=international}}
== By country ==
=== China===
{{Main|2019–20 coronavirus outbreak in mainland China}}


]
] to check passengers' body temperature before they board the trains.]]
]]]
] in northeast China]]
] tickets to the mainland in ]]]
The first person known to have fallen ill due to the new virus was in Wuhan on 1 December 2019.<ref name="AutoDW-67"/> A public notice on the outbreak was released by Wuhan health authority on 31 December; the initial notice informed Wuhan residents that there was no clear evidence of human-to-human transmission of the virus, that the disease is preventable and controllable, and that people can wear masks when going out.<ref name="AutoDW-68"/> WHO was informed of the outbreak on the same day.<ref name="AutoDW-69"/>


National responses to the ] have been varied, and have included containment measures such as ]s, ]s, and ]s. As of {{COVID-19 data/Date|format=j F Y}}, ] of ] have been reported, resulting in ].<ref name="Template:COVID-19 data">{{COVID-19 data/Cite}}</ref> The most affected countries in terms of confirmed cases are the ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], the ], and ].<ref>{{cite web |title=COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU) |url=https://www.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6 |work=Johns Hopkins University |access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gutiérrez |first1=Pablo |title=Coronavirus map: how Covid-19 is spreading across the world |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2020/mar/24/coronavirus-map-how-covid-19-is-spreading-across-the-world |work=The Guardian |access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref>
On 7 January 2020, the Chinese ] discussed novel coronavirus prevention and control.<ref name="Xi's meeting"/><ref name="Xi's meeting 2"/>


== Lockdowns ==
On 20 January, ], a scientist at China's ] who played a prominent role in the SARS epidemic, declared its potential for human-to-human transmission, after two cases emerged in ] of infection by family members who had visited Wuhan.<ref name="AutoDW-70"/> This was later confirmed by the Wuhan government, which announced a number of new measures such as cancelling the ] celebrations, in addition to measures such as checking the temperature of passengers at transport terminals first introduced on 14 January.<ref name="AutoDW-71"/> A ] was announced on 23 January 2020 stopping travel in and out of Wuhan.<ref name="channelnewsasia12306684"/>
{{COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns}}


The pandemic has caused worldwide ]s and similar restrictions (]s, shelter-in-place orders, ]/]s) established to prevent further spread of ]. The pandemic has resulted in the largest amount of shutdowns/lockdowns worldwide at the same time in history.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} By 26 March, 1.7&nbsp;billion people worldwide were under some form of lockdown,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Sam |last2=Kassam |first2=Ashifa |title=Spain defends response to coronavirus as global cases exceed 500,000 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/26/spanish-coronavirus-deaths-slow-as-world-nears-500000-cases |access-date=29 March 2020 |work=The Guardian |date=26 March 2020}}</ref> which increased to 3.9 billion people by the first week of April — more than half of the ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: Half of humanity now on lockdown as 90 countries call for confinement |url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/04/02/coronavirus-in-europe-spain-s-death-toll-hits-10-000-after-record-950-new-deaths-in-24-hou |work=] |date=3 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=A third of the global population is on coronavirus lockdown—here's our constantly updated list of countries and restrictions |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/countries-on-lockdown-coronavirus-italy-2020-3 |work=Business Insider |date=28 March 2020}}</ref>
On 25 January, Chinese authorities banned the use of private vehicles in ]. Only vehicles that are transporting critical supplies or emergency response vehicles are allowed to move within the city.<ref name="abc11902006"/>


{{As of|2020|04|12|alt=As of 12 April}}, nearly 300&nbsp;million people, or about 90 per cent of the population, are under some form of lockdown in the United States,<ref>{{cite news |title=About 90% of Americans have been ordered to stay at home. This map shows which cities and states are under lockdown |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/us-map-stay-at-home-orders-lockdowns-2020-3 |work=Business Insider |date=2 April 2020}}</ref> more than 50&nbsp;million people are in lockdown in the Philippines,<ref>{{cite news |title=Philippines isolates hundreds of health workers as coronavirus cases rise in south-east Asia |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/23/hundreds-of-filipino-health-workers-isolated-indonesia-thailand-malaysia-singapore-cambodia-myanmar-coronavirus-cases-rise-in-south-east-asia |work=The Guardian |date=23 March 2020}}</ref> about 59&nbsp;million people are in lockdown in ],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chutel |first1=Lynsey |last2=Dahir |first2=Abdi Latif |title=With Most Coronavirus Cases in Africa, South Africa Locks Down |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/27/world/africa/south-africa-coronavirus.html |access-date=2 April 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=27 March 2020}}</ref> and 1.3&nbsp;billion people are in ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nair |first1=Supriya |title=For a billion Indians, lockdown has not prevented tragedy |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/commentisfree/2020/mar/29/india-lockdown-tragedy-healthcare-coronavirus-starvation-mumbai |work=The Guardian |date=29 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Chaos and hunger amid India coronavirus lockdown |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/chaos-hunger-india-coronavirus-lockdown-200327094522268.html |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=27 March 2020}}</ref>
On 26 January, a leading group tasked with the prevention and control of the novel coronavirus outbreak was established, led by ] ].<ref name="Premier leading"/><ref name="Premier visiting"/> The leading group decided to extend the Spring Festival ] to contain the outbreak.<ref name="AutoDW-72"/>


==Africa==
China Customs started requiring that all passengers entering and exiting China fill in an extra health declaration form from 26 January. The health declaration form was mentioned in China's Frontier Health and Quarantine Law, granting the customs rights to require it if needed.<ref name="AutoDW-73"/><ref name="xinhuanet1125502381"/><ref name="20200126cgtn"/>
{{Further|National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa}}


===Ghana===
On 27 January, the ] of China, one of the top governing bodies of the People's Republic, officially declared a nation-wide extension on the New Year holiday and the postponement of the coming spring semester. The office extended the previously scheduled ] from 30 January, to 2 February, while it said school openings for the spring semester would be announced in the future.<ref name="xinhuanet138735904"/> Some universities with open campuses also banned the public from visiting.<ref name="bjnews678863"/> On 23 January, the education department in ], which neighbours the centre of the outbreak Hubei province, stated it would strictly ban off-school tutors and restrict student gatherings.<ref name="xinhuanet1125498917"/> Education departments in Shanghai and Shenzhen also imposed bans on off-school tutoring and requested that schools track and report students who had been to Wuhan or Hubei province during the winter break.<ref name="xinhuanet138732282"/><ref name="people33743688"/> The semi-autonomous regions of Hong Kong and ] also announced adjustments on schooling schedules. Hong Kong's ] ] declared an emergency at a press conference on 25 January, saying ] would close primary and secondary schools for two more weeks on top of the previously scheduled New Year holiday, pushing the date for school reopening to 17 February.<ref name="scmp3047645"/><ref name="apnews-b2810ce"/> Macau closed several museums and libraries, and prolonged the New Year holiday break to 11 February for higher education institutions and 10 February for others.<ref name="xinhuanet1125500373"/> The ] said they would track the physical conditions of students who have been to Wuhan during the New Year break.<ref name="AutoDW-74"/>
{{Main|Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana|}}
The first two cases of COVID-19 was confirmed on 12 March 2020, when two infected people came to Ghana; one from ] and the other from ].<ref name=":1(1)">{{Cite web|last1=Duncan|first1=Jude|date=12 March 2020|title=Two cases of coronavirus confirmed in Ghana|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/03/two-cases-of-coronavirus-confirmed-in-ghana/|access-date=16 March 2020|website=Citi Newsroom}}</ref>
On 11 March, ] ] directed the Minister of Finance, ], to make the ] equivalent of ]100 million<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Panic-hits-social-media-as-Ghana-confirms-first-cases-of-coronavirus-893413|title=Panic 'hits' social media as Ghana confirms first cases of coronavirus|website=www.ghanaweb.com|date=13 March 2020}}</ref> available to enhance Ghana's COVID-19 preparedness and response plan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Coronavirus-MPs-to-have-temperature-tested-before-entering-chamber-Speaker-892792|title=Coronavirus: MPs to have temperature tested before entering chamber – Speaker|website=]|date=12 March 2020}}</ref> The ] was also initiated to aid in the fight against the pandemic.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}


====Bans and lockdowns====
After the Chinese New Year on 25 January, there would be another peak of people travelling back from their home towns to workplaces as a part of Chunyun. Several provinces and cities encouraged people to stay in their hometowns and not travel back. Eastern China's ] also encouraged ] via the Internet and further prolonged the spring festival break.<ref name="CaixinJan26QianTong"/>
], a ] mechanism originating in Ghana. It is mounted in many open spaces and at entrances for mandatory hand-washing.]]
On 15 March, at 10 pm, ] ] banned all public gatherings including conferences, workshops, funerals, festivals, political rallies, church activities and other related events to reduce the spread of COVID-19 at a press briefing on the state of COVID-19. Basic schools, senior high schools and universities, both public and private, have also been closed. Only ] and ] candidates were permitted to remain in school under social distancing protocols.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Nyabor|first1=Jonas|date=15 March 2020|title=Coronavirus: Government bans religious activities, funerals, all other public gatherings|work=Citi Newsroom|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/03/government-bans-church-activities-funerals-all-other-public-gatherings/|access-date=16 March 2020}}</ref>
The use of Veronica buckets have become very popular in Ghana following the outbreak of the novel coronavirus as citizens engage in frequent hand washing to stem its spread.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalcommunitiesgh.org/index.php/telling-our-story/62-saving-lives-with-a-little-soap-and-water-new-behavior-change-communication-package-promotes-healthy-hygiene-practices|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326230109/https://www.globalcommunitiesgh.org/index.php/telling-our-story/62-saving-lives-with-a-little-soap-and-water-new-behavior-change-communication-package-promotes-healthy-hygiene-practices|url-status=usurped|archive-date=26 March 2020|title=Saving Lives with a Little Soap and Water: New Behavior Change Communication Package promotes healthy hygiene practices – Global Communities Ghana|website=www.globalcommunitiesgh.org|access-date=26 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-za/news/other/banks-in-suhum-step-up-measures-against-coronavirus-spread/ar-BB11ANUJ|title=Banks in Suhum step up measures against coronavirus spread|website=www.msn.com|access-date=27 March 2020}}</ref>
On 30 March, the partial lock down of ] and ] took effect.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2020/03/covid-19-accra-kumasi-empty-as-lockdown-takes-effect/|title=Covid-19: Accra, Kumasi empty as lockdown takes effect {{!}} Starr Fm|last1=Acheampong|first1=Kwame|newspaper=Starr Fm |date=30 March 2020|access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref> In April 2020, At a press briefing, the Director General of the ], announced the commencement of local production of nose masks as part of efforts to arrest the spread of the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-starts-local-production-of-nose-masks-to-fight-covid-19.html|title=Ghana starts local production of nose masks to fight COVID-19|website=Graphic Online|access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref> According to the new Executive Instrument, E.I. 164, signed by the President on 15 June 2020, people who refuse to wear face masks in public could face jail terms of between 4–10 years or a fine of between GHS12,000 (approx US$2,065) and GHS60,000 (approx US$10,320) or both would be made. This came after the mandatory wearing of nose masks <ref>{{Cite web|date=19 June 2020|title=Failing to wear face mask to attract hefty fine, 10-year jail term|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/06/failing-to-wear-face-mask-to-attract-hefty-fine-10-year-jail-term/|access-date=20 June 2020|website=Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana}}</ref>


====Government responses====
The ] and the ], which regulate China's civil aviation and operates rail services, announced on 24 January that passengers could have full refunds for their plane and train tickets without any surcharges, regardless of whether their flight or train will go through Wuhan or not.<ref name="20200124reuters-refunds"/><ref name="AutoDW-75"/> ] ordered travel agencies and online tourism firms to suspend ]s and stop offering "flight+hotel" bundles.<ref name="CaixinJan26QianTong" /><ref name="20200124bloomberg"/>
From 3 April, over 464 markets were disinfected across the country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/northern-north-east-savannah-regions-disinfect-markets.html|title=Northern, North East, Savannah regions disinfect markets|website=Graphic Online|access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/coronavirus-198-markets-in-eastern-region-disinfected.html|title=Coronavirus: 198 markets in Eastern region disinfected|website=Graphic Online|access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref>
The second phase of nationwide fumigation begun in July.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 July 2020|title=COVID-19: Markets, public places in Kumasi to be disinfected on Tuesday|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/07/covid-19-markets-public-places-in-kumasi-to-be-disinfected-tomorrow/|access-date=21 July 2020|website=Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana}}</ref> On 23 September, the ] with ] collaborated with ] to disinfect SHS across Ghana to pave way for the reopening of schools.<ref>{{Cite web|title=3rd phase of national disinfection exercise in SHSs begins|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-3rd-phase-of-national-disinfection-exercise-in-shss-begins-2.html|access-date=23 September 2020|website=Graphic Online}}</ref>
The Finance Minister claimed in his report that the Government spent about 54.3 million Ghana cedis to provide cooked and uncooked food to the vulnerable during the 3-week lockdown.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 July 2020|title=COVID-19: GH¢54.3 million spent on food for vulnerable during lockdown|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/07/covid-19-gh%c2%a254-3-million-spent-on-food-for-vulnerable-during-lockdown/|access-date=24 July 2020|website=Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana}}</ref> He also claimed Government would provide free electricity and water for the rest of 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Govt announces free electricity for the rest of the year|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/govt-announces-free-electricity-for-the-rest-of-the-year.html|access-date=24 July 2020|website=Graphic Online}}</ref>


The Parliament of Ghana granted a tax waiver of GHS174 million cedis (equivalent to US$30 million) on income taxes of frontline workers. This spanned for three months from July to September 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Arhinful|last2=Mensah Opoku|first=Ernest|first2=Duke|date=15 August 2020|title=Parliament approves GHS174M tax waiver for frontline health workers|work=Citi Newsroom|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/08/parliament-approves-ghs174m-tax-waiver-for-frontline-health-workers/|access-date=17 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=14 August 2020|title=Parliament approves GHS174M tax waiver for frontline health workers|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/08/parliament-approves-ghs174m-tax-waiver-for-frontline-health-workers/|access-date=15 August 2020|website=Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana}}</ref> On 15 October, the ] received a COVID-19 ] software for detecting the virus on Chest X-rays.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 October 2020|title=GHS Gets AI Software to Enhance Covid-19 Detection|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/ghs-gets-ai-software-to-enhance-covid-19-detection/|access-date=15 October 2020|website=DailyGuide Network}}</ref>
Additional provinces and cities outside Hubei imposed travel restrictions. Beijing suspended all ]s on 25 January,<ref name="chinadaily310128217273397"/> with several others following suit.<ref name="CaixinJan26QianTong" />
Government also relaunched the GH COVID-19 tracker app after it was launched on 13 April.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana's COVID-19 Tracker App upgraded|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/govt-re-launches-covid-19-tracker-app.html|access-date=3 September 2020|website=Graphic Online}}</ref>
Various treatment centers were built across the country such as the ],<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 July 2020|title=Bawumia Commissions Ghana's First Infectious Disease Centre|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/bawumia-commissions-ghanas-first-infectious-disease-centre/|access-date=25 July 2020|website=DailyGuide Network}}</ref>
to help in the National COVID-19 Treatment.<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 June 2020|title=ICU bed facilities, treatment centre to be constructed in Greater Accra, Ashanti Regions – Nana Addo|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/06/icu-bed-facilities-treatment-centre-to-be-constructed-in-greater-accra-ashanti-regions-nana-addo/|access-date=21 June 2020|website=Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: Government to expand isolation centers|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/coronavirus-government-to-expand-isolation-centers.html|access-date=3 July 2020|website=Graphic Online}}</ref>
Ghana became the first country to use ] in the fight against the pandemic through the transport of COVID-19 test ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/ghana-using-drones-to-transport-covid-19-tests/|title=In Ghana, Drones Are Turning Out to Be a Key Tool for Transporting COVID-19 Tests|website=Global Citizen|date=3 June 2020 |access-date=3 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/20/zipline-begins-drone-delivery-of-covid-19-test-samples-in-ghana.html|title=Zipline begins drone delivery of COVID-19 test samples in Ghana|website=CNBC|date=20 April 2020|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2020-04-23/fight-against-coronavirus-ghana-uses-drones-speed-testing?amp|title=In fight against Coronavirus, Ghana uses drones to speed up testing|website=The World|access-date=23 April 2020}}</ref>


=== Namibia ===
] showing "early detection, early reporting, early quarantine, early diagnosis, early treatment" during the coronavirus outbreak]]
{{Main|COVID-19 pandemic in Namibia}}
On 17 March ] ] declared a ] as a legal basis to restrict ]. The prohibition of large gatherings was clarified to apply to 50 or more people.<ref>{{Cite news | title=Govt raises Covid-19 surveillance | last=Ngatjiheue | first=Charmaine | newspaper=] | date=18 March 2020 | page=1 | url=https://www.namibian.com.na/89346/read/Govt-raises-Covid-19-surveillance}}</ref> Measures such as the closure of all borders, suspension of gatherings were implemented.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Namibia declares State of Emergency due to COVID-19 {{!}} United Nations in Namibia|url=https://namibia.un.org/en/38970-namibia-declares-state-emergency-due-covid-19|access-date=15 June 2020|website=namibia.un.org}}</ref> All public and private schools were also closed for a month.<ref>{{Cite news | title=Namibia battles coronavirus | last=Shikongo | first=Arlana | newspaper=] | date=16 March 2020 | page=1 | url=https://www.namibian.com.na/89251/read/Namibia-battles-coronavirus | access-date=7 November 2020 | archive-date=21 March 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321054406/https://www.namibian.com.na/89251/read/Namibia-battles-coronavirus | url-status=dead }}</ref> By 14 April, a National lockdown was enforced to all ] in the country.<ref name="lifeline">{{Cite news|last=Ngutjinazo|first=Okeri|date=15 April 2020|title=Informal sector gets lifeline|page=1|newspaper=]|url=https://www.namibian.com.na/90233/read/Informal-sector-gets-lifeline}}</ref>


==== Access to information and surveillance ====
On 1 February 2020, Xinhua News reported that China's ] (SPP) has "asked procuratorates nationwide to fully play their role to create a favourable judicial environment in the fight against the novel coronavirus outbreak." This includes severe punishments for those found guilty of dereliction of duty and the withholding of information for officials. Tougher charges were proscribed for commercial criminal activities such as "the pushing up of prices, profiteering and severely disturbing market order" along with the "production and sale of fake and shoddy protective equipment and medicines." Prosecuting actions against patients who deliberately spread the infection or refuse examination or compulsory isolation along with threats of violence against medical personnel were also urged. The statement also included urging to prosecute those found "fabricating coronavirus-related information that may lead to panic among the public, making up and spreading rumours about the virus, sabotaging the implementation of the law and endangering public security" and also stressed "harshly punishing the illegal hunting of wildlife under state protection, as well as improving inspection and quarantine measures for fresh food and meat products."<ref name="xinhuanet138747853"/>
A COVID-19 communication ] (0800100100) was established on 15 March 2020 which is run by the Ministry of Health and Social Services and the Centre for Disease Control of Namibia (CDC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ministry of Health and Social Services-Namibia|url=https://www.facebook.com/MoHSSNamibia/posts/496359114370430|access-date=18 June 2020|website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> The hotline serves to answer general enquiries of the public, assisting persons seeking guidance from the Ministry and reporting possible symptoms or cases of COVID-19.<ref name=":201">{{Cite web|title=Ministry of Health and Social Services-Namibia|url=https://www.facebook.com/MoHSSNamibia/photos/a.352433165429693/498259134180428/?type=3|access-date=18 June 2020|website=www.facebook.com}}</ref>


The Government also announced on 18 March that it will strengthen their communication to the public via various platforms, such as the COVID-19 communication centre operated by ], in an attempt to "mitigate and refute misinformation, fear and panic especially from social media".<ref name=":201" /> The centre was fully functional by middle April 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Namibia launches COVID-19 Communication Centre|url=https://www.afro.who.int/news/namibia-launches-covid-19-communication-centre|access-date=18 June 2020|website=WHO {{!}} Regional Office for Africa}}</ref>
Museums throughout China are temporarily closed.<ref name=":12"/><ref name="AutoDW-76"/> The National Cultural Heritage Administration (NCHA) asked museums around the country to move their exhibits and galleries temporarily online<ref name="AutoDW-77"/> via a program that the NCHA is launching.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":13"/>


With the establishment of a multi-disciplinary Emergency Response team, the Ministry intensified their surveillance in monitoring the situation of COVID-19 in the country, especially at the borders of Namibia. The response team operates 24/7.<ref name=":201" />
==== Quarantine ====
{{2020 coronavirus quarantines}}
{{Main|2020 Hubei lockdowns}}
On 23 January 2020, a ] on ] of Wuhan was imposed in an effort to stop the spread of the virus out of Wuhan. Flights, trains, public buses, the metro system, and long-distance coaches were suspended indefinitely. Large-scale gatherings and group tours were also suspended.<ref name="channelnewsasia12306684" /> By 24 January 2020, a total of 15 cities in Hubei, including Wuhan, were placed under similar quarantine measures.<ref name=":0"/> On 27 and 28 January 2020, ] closed its railway stations and suspended all ferry operations, after shutting down its airport and intercity bus services earlier. Thus, the entire Hubei province entered a city-by-city quarantine, save for the ] Forestry District.{{Citation needed|date=February 2020}}


==== Testing ====
Before the quarantine began, some in Wuhan questioned the reliability of the figures from the Chinese government as well as the government response, with some calling for quarantine,<ref name="bbc51205074"/> and a post also showed sick people and three dead bodies covered in white sheets on the floor of a hospital on 24 January, although many such posts in Weibo about the epidemic have since been deleted.<ref name="20200128nytimes"/><ref name="20200126telegraph"/>
Before the confirmation of COVID-19 in Namibia, tests could not be done locally. Test samples were instead sent to ], which accounted for longer than usual waiting times. ] started testing locally in ] at the end of March 2020. In late April, private laboratory PathCare started testing samples. Namibia was hit by a lack of reagents at the end of April, which slowed down testing however, private testing at PathCare was expensive compared to that of the state (NIP) which offers free COVID-19 tests.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Marketing|first=Intouch Interactive|title=Pathcare to test locally for corona - Health - Namibian Sun|url=https://www.namibiansun.com/news/pathcare-to-test-locally-for-corona2020-04-27|access-date=18 June 2020|website=www.namibiansun.com|date=28 April 2020 }}</ref>


==== Economic stimulus package ====
Due to quarantine measures, Wuhan residents rushed to stockpile essential goods, food, and fuel; prices rose significantly.<ref name="20200123reuters"/><ref name="AutoDW-78"/> 5,000,000 people left Wuhan, with 9,000,000 left in the city.<ref name="abc11902378"/>
An Emergency Income Grant was set up by government to distribute ] 750 to every person whose income was affected by the pandemic or faced difficult conditions due to the lockdown.<ref name="lifeline"/> Over 800,000 people applied for this grant; 346,000 of them were paid by the end of April.<ref name="4stage">{{Cite news|last=Ikela|first=Selma|date=30 April 2020|title=Lockdown: 4 potential exit strategies|page=1|newspaper=]|url=https://neweralive.na/posts/lockdown-4-potential-exit-strategies}}</ref>


=== South Africa ===
On 26 January, the city of ] in Guangdong declared a partial lockdown,<ref name="AutoDW-79"/> though this was reversed two hours later.<ref name="20200126reuters"/> Residents had rushed to supermarkets to stock food as soon as the lockdown was declared, until the authorities reversed their decision. '']'' said, that the wording of Shantou's initial declaration was "unprecedentedly strict" and will severely affect residents' lives, if implemented as-is. Shantou's Department for Outbreak Control later clarified that it would not restrict travelling, but would sterilise vehicles used for transportation.<ref name="caixin101508610"/>
{{Main|COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa}}
{{Expand section|date=April 2020}}


{{multiple image
<!-- "Expressway" and "highway" are official terms that should NOT be changed into corresponding British English wordings. • Beijing's underground transport is called a "subway,"
| width = 160
while ALL other Chinese cities' underground transport is called "metro". -->Local authorities in Beijing and several other major cities, including ], ], Shanghai, and ], announced on 26 January, that these cities will not impose a lockdown similar to those in Hubei province. Rumours of these potential lockdowns had spread widely prior to the official announcements.<ref name="bjnews680010"/> A spokesperson of Beijing's Municipal Transportation Commission claimed that the ], ], ], and buses were operating normally. To ease the residents' panic, the Hangzhou city government stressed that the city would not be locked down from the outside world, and both cities said that they would introduce precautions against potential risks.<ref name="chinadaily310128217273520"/>
| footer = ] in ], South Africa seven days before (left) and on the first day (right) of the COVID-19 national lockdown. After the lockdown the ] traders that normally setup on the square everyday are not present and only people exempt from the lockdown (security personnel and municipal employees) can be seen.
| image1 = Greenmarket square 20200320.jpg
| alt1 = Greenmarket Square as it normally appears with many market stalls, seven days before the lockdown.
| caption1 =
| image2 = Greenmarket Square 20200327.jpg
| alt2 = On the first day of the lockdown only people exempt from the lockdown (security personnel and sanitation workers) can be seen.
| caption2 =
| align =
| direction =
| total_width =
}}


] ] declared that ] would undergo a national lockdown, for a period of 21 days, from 26 March to 16 April 2020. This drastic measure was intended to help keep the viral infection rate as low as possible and save lives.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-03-23-south-africa-on-lockdown-from-thursday/|title=National Address: South Africa on lockdown from Thursday|first=Cyril|last=Ramaphosa|website=Daily Maverick|date=23 March 2020|access-date=27 March 2020}}</ref> On Thursday 9 April, President Ramaphosa announced an extension of two weeks to the lockdown, until the end of April.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/government/388743/south-africas-coronavirus-lockdown-extended-by-2-weeks/|title=South Africa's coronavirus lockdown extended by 2 weeks|first=Cyril|last=Ramaphosa|website=BusinessTechSA|access-date=16 April 2020}}</ref> Exempt from the lockdown are people deemed necessary for the effective response to the pandemic such as health workers, pharmacy and laboratory personnel, emergency personnel,<ref name="EssentialServices">{{cite web|url=https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/essential-services-remain-place-sa-enters-lockdown|title=Essential services to remain in place as SA enters lockdown|date=23 March 2020|website=SAnews|access-date=27 March 2020|archive-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324052129/https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/essential-services-remain-place-sa-enters-lockdown|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Exempt">{{cite web
On 2 February 2020, the city of ] in Zhejiang also implemented a partial lockdown, closing 46 of the 54 highway checkpoints.<ref name="20200202wenzhou"/>
|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2020-03-23-this-is-who-is-exempt-from-national-lockdown-and-what-will-be-closed/
|title=This is who is exempt from national lockdown – and what will be closed
|website=TimesLIVE
|access-date=27 March 2020 |archive-date=26 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326225213/https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2020-03-23-this-is-who-is-exempt-from-national-lockdown-and-what-will-be-closed/
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
security services,<ref name="HouseOrder">{{cite web
|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/your-21-day-national-house-imprisonment-order--ndz
|title=Your 21 day national house imprisonment order – NDZ – DOCUMENTS
|website=politicsweb.co.za
|publisher=GOVERNMENT GAZETTE 25 March 2020
|via=Politicsweb
|url-status=live
|access-date=27 March 2020 |archive-date=27 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327100512/https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/your-21-day-national-house-imprisonment-order--ndz
}}</ref><ref name="EssentialServices" /><ref name="Exempt" /> supermarkets, transportation and logistical services, petrol stations, banks, essential financial as well as payment services<ref name="EssentialServices" /><ref name="Exempt" /> and those working in industries that can affect the economy when shut down. This include mines and steel mills.<ref name="HouseOrder" />


====Testing====
On 4 February 2020, two more cities in Zhejiang province restricted the movement of residents. The city of ], three Hangzhou districts, and some in ] began to only allow one person per household to go outside every two days to buy necessities, city officials said. More than 12 million people are affected by the new restrictions.<ref name="ChannelNewsAsia"/>
The ] (NICD) started testing people in South Africa for ] on 28 January 2020, and by 7 February had conducted 42<!--earlier test numbers also included tests from people in other African countries--> of such tests.<ref name="nicd2020-02-14">{{cite web
|url=https://www.nicd.ac.za/novel-coronavirus-update/
|title=COVID-19 update
|date=7 February 2020
|publisher=NICD


|access-date=9 April 2020
By 6 February 2020, a total of four Zhejiang cities—Wenzhou, Hangzhou, Ningbo, and Taizhou—were under the "passport" system, allowing only one person per household to leave their home every two days. These restrictions apply to over 30&nbsp;million people.<ref name="SCMP 20200206" />
|archive-date=28 April 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428235851/https://www.nicd.ac.za/novel-coronavirus-update/
|url-status=live
}}</ref> ] were offering free ] by mid-March.<ref>{{Cite news
|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-03-19-maverick-insider-covid-19-questions-answered/
|title=Coronavirus Explainer: Maverick Insider Covid-19 Questions, Answered
|author=Ferial Haffajee
|author2=Maverick Citizen
|author3=Maverick Insider Team
|website=Daily Maverick


|date=19 March 2020
Outside mainland China, some ] were quarantined after passengers developed symptoms or tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The '']'' was quarantined on 30 January off ] in Italy, after passengers developed flu-like symptoms – the quarantine was lifted when tests for the virus came back negative.<ref name="AutoDW-80"/> Two further ships were quarantined on 5 February: '']'' in the ], Japan and '']'', which returned to Hong Kong after being refused entry to ], Taiwan. In both cases, passengers and crew tested positive.<ref name="AutoDW-81"/><ref name="cnbcWD"/><ref name="AutoDW-82"/><ref name="AutoDW-83"/> On 10 February passengers were allowed to disembark the ''World Dream'' "without the need to self-quarantine after leaving."<ref name="AutoDW-84"/> The ''Diamond Princess'' remains quarantined with 136 confirmed cases as of 10 February.<ref name="AutoDW-85"/> Although the quarantine has not been completely lifted, around 500 passengers that were not diagnosed with the virus were allowed to leave on 19 February 2020.<ref name="AutoDW-86"/> Although not quarantined {{MS|Westerdam}} has been ] by several ports after departing Hong Kong on 1 February.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: 'Pariah' cruise ship rejected by five ports docks at last |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51484625 |publisher=BBC News |date=13 February 2020}}</ref>
|access-date=1 May 2020
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
|archive-date=2 August 2020
File:Citizens of Wuhan lining up outside of a drug store to buy masks during the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.jpg|People queueing outside a Wuhan pharmacy to buy face masks and medical supplies
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802085834/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-03-19-maverick-insider-covid-19-questions-answered/
File:Wuhan citizens rush to buy vegetables during Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.jpg|Residents of Wuhan wearing masks rushed out to nearby markets to buy vegetables and other food on 23 January during the outbreak
|url-status=live
File:Last train of Wuhan metro before authorities lock down the city for the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.jpg|Residents of Wuhan waiting for the last train of the city's metro on 10&nbsp;am, 22 January
</gallery> }}</ref>
On 30 March 2020, the government announced its intentions of initiating an enhanced screening and testing programme.<ref name="gov.za03-30">{{cite web
==== Outdoor restrictions ====
|url=https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-update-coronavirus-covid-19-lockdown-30-mar-2020-0000
On 1 February, ], Hubei implemented a measure whereby only one person from each household is permitted to go outside for provisions once every two days, except for medical reasons or to work at shops or pharmacies.<ref name=":20"/>
|title=President Cyril Ramaphosa: Update on Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed sortable" style="text-align:right;"
|publisher=South African Government
|+ class="nowrap" |<u>'''Administrative divisions with family outdoor restrictions'''</u>
|date=30 March 2020
!Administrative<br />division
|access-date=11 April 2020
!Division<br />type
|archive-date=11 April 2020
!Provincial<br />division
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411145835/https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-update-coronavirus-covid-19-lockdown-30-mar-2020-0000
!Start date
|url-status=live
!End date
}}</ref>
! data-sort-type="number" |Ordinary<br />population
By the start of April, 67 mobile testing units had been established and {{val|47000}} people had been tested, some in ] facilities.<ref name="bbc2020-04-03">{{cite web
!Population<br />year
|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52125713
!Notes
|website=]
|-
|title=South Africa's ruthlessly efficient fight against coronavirus
|]<ref name=":20" />
|last1=Harding
|City
|first1=Andrew
|Hubei
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403092330/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52125713
|2020-02-01
|archive-date=3 April 2020
|
|date=3 April 2020
|6,162,069
|url-status=live}}</ref>
|2010
|
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-87"/>
|City
|Zhejiang
|2020-02-02
|2020-02-08
|9,190,000
|2017
|
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-88"/>
|City
|Zhejiang
|2020-02-02
|
|1,366,800
|2010
|
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-89"/>
|City
|Guangxi
|2020-02-02
|2020-02-08
|860,100
|2010
|
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-90"/>
|City
|Guangxi
|2020-02-02
|
|1,562,200<br />(Urban only)
|2010
|Urban districts only
|-
|],<ref name="auto6"/> ]
|District
|Guangxi
|2020-02-02
|2020-02-09
|900,000
|2010
|
|-
|],<ref name=":19"/> ]
|County
|Shaanxi
|2020-02-02
|
|562,768
|2010
|One person per household every day
|-
|],<ref name=":19" /> ]
|District
|Shaanxi
|2020-02-03
|2020-02-09
|556,377
|2010
|One person per household every day
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-91"/>
|City
|Anhui
|2020-02-03
|
|3,164,467
|2010
|
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-92"/>
|City
|Anhui
|2020-02-03
|
|2,114,276
|2010
|
|-
|],<ref name="auto6" /><br />]
|District
|Shandong
|2020-02-03
|2020-02-09
|682,717
|2010
|
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-93"/>
|City
|Zhejiang
|2020-02-03
|
|5,968,838
|2010
|
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-94"/>
|City
|Zhejiang
|2020-02-04
|
|9,806,000
|2017
|
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-95"/>
|City
|Hubei
|2020-02-04
|
|1,048,668
|2010
|
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-96"/>
|City
|Fujian
|2020-02-04
|
|7,660,000
|2017
|
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-97"/>
|City
|Jiangsu
|2020-02-04
|2020-02-08
|8,577,225
|2010
|
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-98"/>
|City
|Jiangxi
|2020-02-04
|(Superseded<br />2020-02-06)
|1,655,000
|2015
|
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-99"/>
|City
|Heilongjiang
|2020-02-04
|
|10,635,971
|2010
|
|-
|],<ref name="AutoDW-100"/><br />]
|District
|Henan
|2020-02-04
|
|721,723
|2010
|One person per household every five days
|-
|],<ref name="AutoDW-101"/> ]
|District
|Shaanxi
|2020-02-04
|
|589,739
|2010
|
|-
|],<ref name=":19" /> ]
|District
|Shaanxi
|2020-02-04
|
|1,083,285
|2010
|
|-
|],<ref name=":19" /> ]
|District
|Shaanxi
|2020-02-05
|
|1,178,529
|2010
|
|-
|],<ref name="AutoDW-102"/> ]
|District
|Shaanxi
|2020-02-05
|
|712,300
|2015
|
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-103"/>
|City
|Zhejiang
|2020-02-05
|
|8,202,000
|2018
|
|-
|],<ref name="AutoDW-104"/> ]
|District
|Jiangsu
|2020-02-05
|
|594,656
|2010
|
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-105"/>
|City
|Anhui
|2020-02-05
|
|7,965,300
|2017
|
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-106"/>
|City
|Anhui
|2020-02-05
|2020-02-08
|7,599,913
|2010
|
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-107"/>
|City
|Liaoning
|2020-02-05
|
|1,709,538
|2017
|
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-108"/>
|Autonomous<br />Prefecture
|Sichuan
|2020-02-05
|
|930,100
|2015
|
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-109"/>
|Autonomous<br />Prefecture
|Sichuan
|2020-02-05
|
|1,164,900
|2015
|
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-110"/>
|City
|Guangxi
|2020-02-05
|
|3,758,700
|2010
|
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-111"/>
|City
|Guangxi
|2020-02-05
|
|4,961,600
|2015
|
|-
|],<ref name="AutoDW-112"/><br />]
|District
|Guangxi
|2020-02-05
|
|330,131
|2010
|One person per household every day
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-113"/>
|Province
| –
|2020-02-06
|
|45,200,000
|2013
|
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-114"/>
|City
|Shaanxi
|2020-02-06
|
|5,096,001
|2010
|
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-115"/>
|City
|Liaoning
|2020-02-06
|
|3,070,000
|2010
|
|-
|],<ref name="AutoDW-116"/><br />]
|District
|Jilin
|2020-02-06
|
|680,631
|2010
|
|-
|]<ref name="AutoDW-117"/>
|City
|Hebei
|2020-02-07
|
|7,935,800
|2018
|
|-
|], Tianjin
|District
|Tianjin
|2020-02-09
|
|799,057
|2010
|
|-
|]
|Province
| –
|2020-02-16
|
|59,020,000
|2018
|
|-
| colspan="3" |'''All'''
|
|
|233,441,748
|
|Sum of census data and population estimates above
|}


==== Speciality hospitals ==== ====Clinical trials, vaccines, and treatment====
On 17 March 2020, the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority announced that it would expedite review of treatments, vaccines and clinical trials.<ref>{{cite web
]
|url=http://www.sahpra.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Report-Shortages_FINAL_17March.pdf
] as it appeared on 24 January]]
|title=SAHPRA responds to coronavirus (COVID-19): Medicines/medical devices supply challenges
A speciality hospital named ] has been constructed as a countermeasure against the outbreak and to better quarantine the patients. Wuhan City government had demanded that a state-owned enterprise construct such a hospital "at the fastest speed" comparable to that of the ].<ref name="Outbreak"/> On 24 January, Wuhan authorities specified its planning, saying they planned to have Huoshenshan Hospital built within six days of the announcement and it will be ready to use on 3 February. Upon opening, the speciality hospital has 1,000 beds<ref name="20200128www"/> and takes up 30,000 square metres. The hospital is modelled after the {{ill|Xiaotangshan Hospital|2=zh|3=小汤山医院|preserve=1}}, which was fabricated for the SARS outbreak of 2003, itself built in only seven days.<ref name="Xinhua Huoshenshan"/><ref name="20200124theguardian-plans"/> State media reported that there were 7,000 workers and nearly 300 units of construction machinery on the site at peak.<ref name="chinanews9069083"/>
|date=17 March 2020
|access-date=17 April 2020
|publisher=South African Health Products Regulatory Authority
|archive-date=28 July 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728232147/http://www.sahpra.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Report-Shortages_FINAL_17March.pdf
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
A team from 8 universities and 14 hospitals led by ] and Jeremy Nel from the ] participated in the World Health Organization ] that investigated medications.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.spotlightnsp.co.za/2020/04/01/covid-19-sa-to-start-enrolling-patients-in-landmark-who-trial/
|title=COVID-19: SA to start enrolling patients in landmark WHO trial
|date=1 April 2020
|last=Baleta
|first=Adele
|website=Spotlight


|access-date=4 May 2020
On 24 January 2020, the authority announced that they would convert an empty building in ], Huanggang to a 1,000-bed hospital named ]. Works began the next day by 500 personnel and the building began accepting patients on 28 January 2020 at 10:30&nbsp;pm.<ref name="metro12142899"/> In Wuhan, authorities have seized dormitories, offices and hospitals to create more beds for patients.<ref name="AutoDW-185"/> On 25 January authorities announced plans for ], a second speciality hospital, with a capacity of 1,600 beds;<ref name="bjnews681160"/> operations are scheduled to start by 6 February.<ref name="yicai20200131"/><ref name="people33744294"/> Some people voiced their concerns through social media services, saying the authorities' decision to build yet another hospital in such little time showed the severity of the outbreak could be a lot worse than expected.<ref name="AutoDW-184"/> The hospital opened on 8 February.<ref name="CGTN09">{{cite news|date=9 February 2020|url=https://america.cgtn.com/2020/02/09/first-30-viral-pneumonia-patients-admitted-in-leishenshan-hospital|title=First 30 viral pneumonia patients admitted in Leishenshan Hospital|publisher=CGTN|accessdate=10 February 2020}}</ref>
|archive-date=29 June 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629185633/https://www.spotlightnsp.co.za/2020/04/01/covid-19-sa-to-start-enrolling-patients-in-landmark-who-trial/
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
A ] trial was launched in ], towards the end of June 2020 in collaboration with the ], ] and ].<ref>{{Cite web|title=First COVID-19 vaccine trials begin in Africa|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/world/2020/06/25/first-covid-19-vaccine-trials-begin-in-africa.html|access-date=12 July 2020|website=The Week|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728230927/https://www.theweek.in/news/world/2020/06/25/first-covid-19-vaccine-trials-begin-in-africa.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web|last=Karim|first=Aisha Abdool|date=17 September 2020|title=COVID vaccines 101: Breaking down the good, the bad, and the promise of the frontrunners|url=https://bhekisisa.org/article/2020-09-17-covid-vaccines-101-breaking-down-the-good-the-bad-and-the-promise-of-the-frontrunners/|access-date=20 September 2020|website=Bhekisisa}}</ref>
A second ] was launched during mid August 2020 in collaboration with a ] ] based biotechnology company, Novavax, with funding from the ].<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 August 2020|title=Coronavirus Vaccine Trial By MD Biotech Company Novavax Underway In South Africa|url=https://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2020/08/17/novavax-initiates-covid-19-vaccine-trial-in-south-africa/|access-date=18 August 2020|archive-date=17 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817184716/https://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2020/08/17/novavax-initiates-covid-19-vaccine-trial-in-south-africa/|url-status=live}}</ref> A third vaccine trial was launched in September 2020 by ]/].<ref name=":13" />


===Other countries and territories===
14 temporary hospitals were constructed in China in total, but all were reported to have closed after the crisis was determined be under control on 10 March 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-51813876 |title=Coronavirus: China says disease 'curbed' in Wuhan and Hubei | date=10 March 2020 |work=BBC}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* {{Flagdeco|Réunion}} ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''
* '''{{Noflag|]}}'''
* ] ''']'''
* ] ''']'''


{{div col end}}
<gallery widths="250px" heights="200px" >
File:Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (retouched).jpg|Jinyintan Hospital had initially been tasked with treating those with the coronavirus.
File:Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital under construction 02.jpg|Construction site of ] as it appeared on 24 January
</gallery>


==Asia==
==== Interprovincial medical aid ====
=== China ===
As of 16 February 2020, 217 teams of a total of 25,633 medical workers from across China went to Wuhan and other cities in Hubei to help open up more facilities and treat patients.<ref name="AutoDW-118"/>
{{Excerpt|Chinese government response to COVID-19}}


Due to its ] policy, China’s economy continued to squeeze. However, on 11 November 2022, the government eased the restrictions, while claiming to continue the war against the pandemic. The government reduced the quarantine restrictions from 10 days to eight, where travelers were required to spend five days instead of seven in a hotel quarantine and three at home. Besides, the airlines were also exempted from a penalty for bringing in COVID positive travelers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/11/business/china-zero-covid-markets.html|title=China Eases Some Pandemic Policies, While Sticking to 'Zero Covid'|work=The New York Times |date=11 November 2022 |access-date=11 November 2022 |last1=Stevenson |first1=Alexandra }}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/11/china-covid-rules-quarantine-periods|title=China eases Covid rules but insists 'war' against pandemic will continue|access-date=11 November 2022|website=The Guardian|date=11 November 2022 |last1=Yu |first1=Verna }}</ref>
==== Censorship and police responses ====
{{See also|Censorship in China|Internet censorship in China}}
] to stop "spreading rumours" about a possible 'SARS virus' dated 3 January.]]
The early response by city authorities was criticised as prioritising a control of information that might be unfavorable for local officials over public safety, and China was also criticised for cover-ups and
downplaying the initial discovery and severity of the outbreak. By the time China had informed the WHO of the new coronavirus on 31 December 2019, '']'' reported that the government was still keeping "its own citizens in the dark".<ref name="TrueCost">{{Cite web|url= https://nationalpost.com/news/the-true-cost-of-chinas-coronavirus-cover-up-how-state-censorship-let-the-outbreak-spread |title=The true cost of China's coronavirus cover-up: How state censorship let the outbreak spread |publisher=Financial Times |via=Nationalpost.com |date=7 February 2020 |accessdate=7 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="FaceXi">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/23/asia/wuhan-china-coronavirus-sars-response-intl-hnk/index.html |title=Wuhan is the latest crisis to face China's Xi, and it's exposing major flaws in his model of control |last=Griffiths |first=James |publisher=CNN |access-date=10 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208194710/https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/23/asia/wuhan-china-coronavirus-sars-response-intl-hnk/index.html |archive-date=8 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Observers have attributed this to the censorship institutional structure of the country's press and Internet, exacerbated by China's ] ]'s crackdown on independent oversight such as journalism and social media that left senior officials with inaccurate information on the outbreak and "contributed to a prolonged period of inaction that allowed the virus to spread".<ref name="TrueCost" /><ref name="FaceXi" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/29/opinion/coronavirus-china-government.html|access-date=2 March 2020|
title=Coronavirus Spreads, and the World Pays for China's Dictatorship|date=29 January 2020|first1=Nicholas|last1=Kristof|work=]}}</ref><ref name="auto5">{{cite web |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/world/asia/2020/01/china-s-slow-response-coronavirus-has-shown-weakness-its-centralised-model |title=China's slow response to coronavirus has shown the weakness of its centralised model |website=New Statesman |access-date=10 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128134506/https://www.newstatesman.com/world/asia/2020/01/china-s-slow-response-coronavirus-has-shown-weakness-its-centralised-model |archive-date=28 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> The ] also noted censorship by the authorities of social media posts from families of infected people who were potentially seeking help as well as by people living in cordoned cities who were documenting their daily lives amidst the lockdown.<ref name="20200130hrw">{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/01/30/china-respect-rights-coronavirus-response |title=China: Respect Rights in Coronavirus Response |date=30 January 2020 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |access-date=31 January 2020 |last3=t 1.212.290.4700 |first3=NY 10118-3299 USA {{!}} |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203095738/https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/01/30/china-respect-rights-coronavirus-response |archive-date=3 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>


=== India ===
A group of eight medical personnel, including ], an ophthalmologist from Wuhan Central Hospital who in late December posted warnings on a new coronavirus strain akin to SARS, were taken into custody by Wuhan police and threatened with prosecution for "spreading rumours" for likening it to SARS.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.worldjournal.com/6771702/article-新冠肺炎第一個吹哨者-李文亮醫師過世/ |title=新冠肺炎吹哨醫師 李文亮病逝 民眾激憤|date=7 February 2020|website=世界新聞網|language=zh-TW|access-date=10 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51403795|title=Coronavirus kills Chinese whistleblower doctor|date=7 February 2020|publisher=BBC News|access-date=10 February 2020}}</ref> Li Wenliang later died of the disease on 7 February, and was widely hailed as a whistleblower in China, but some of the trending hashtags on ] such as "Wuhan government owes Dr Li Wenliang an apology" and "We want freedom of speech" were blocked.<ref name="auto3">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/27/technology/china-coronavirus-censorship-social-media.html |title=As Virus Spreads, Anger Floods Chinese Social Media |last=Zhong |first=Raymond |date=27 January 2020 |work=] |access-date=10 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128115157/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/27/technology/china-coronavirus-censorship-social-media.html |archive-date=28 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-51409801|title=Li Wenliang: Coronavirus death of Wuhan doctor sparks outpouring of anger|date=7 February 2020|publisher=]|access-date=10 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207062254/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-51409801|archive-date=7 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Graham-Harrison|first=Emma|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/feb/07/coronavirus-chinese-rage-death-whistleblower-doctor-li-wenliang|title='Hero who told the truth': Chinese rage over coronavirus death of whistleblower doctor|date=6 February 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=10 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207062759/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/feb/07/coronavirus-chinese-rage-death-whistleblower-doctor-li-wenliang|archive-date=7 February 2020}}</ref> His death widespread public anger in the aftermath, in what has been described as "one of the biggest outpourings of online criticism of the government in years," was not a topic that was permitted for coverage.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/china/2020/02/07/li-wenliangs-death-is-a-new-crisis-for-chinas-rulers|title=Li Wenliang's death is a new crisis for China's rulers|work=The Economist|access-date=12 February 2020|issn=0013-0613}}</ref> One media outlet sent notices to editors, and leaked to reporters, asking them to refrain from "commenting or speculating" and giving instructions to "not hashtag and let the topic gradually die out from the hot search list, and guard against harmful information."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-china-health-censorship/chinas-online-censors-tighten-grip-after-brief-coronavirus-respite-idUKKBN2051BV |title=China's online censors tighten grip after brief coronavirus respite |date=11 February 2020|work=Reuters }}</ref><ref name="TruthSeekers">{{cite web|url= https://nationalpost.com/opinion/terry-glavin-china-is-disappearing-coronavirus-truth-seekers |title=Terry Glavin: China is 'disappearing' coronavirus truth-seekers |work=National Post|last=Glavin |first=Terry |date=12 February 2020 |accessdate=7 March 2020}}</ref>
{{Main|Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic|Indian state government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19 lockdown in India}}
The Indian government airlifted 324 of its citizens from China on 31 January and 1 February via Air India special chartered flights.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/india/1803713/air-india-pilot-recalls-wuhan-coronavirus-evacuation-mission/|title=Air India pilot recalls the "deathly quiet" in Wuhan amidst coronavirus evacuation|last=Sharma|first=Niharika|website=Quartz India|date=18 February 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> After Pakistan's refusal to evacuate its students from Wuhan, the Indian government offered to support them with evacuation along with citizens of other neighbouring countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-had-offered-to-evacuate-pakistani-students-from-coronavirus-hit-wuhan-jaishankar-tells-rajya-sabha-1644278-2020-02-07|title=India had offered to evacuate Pakistani students from coronavirus-hit Wuhan, Jaishankar tells Rajya Sabha |website=India Today|access-date=9 March 2020|last3=Ist|first3=2020 18:50}}</ref> On 17 February, India announced a special ] flight carrying medical supplies to support China in Wuhan and evacuating citizens of India and neighbouring countries. India eventually evacuated 647 people including citizens of Maldives and Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chaudhury|first=Dipanjan Roy|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/china-delaying-permission-to-india-to-send-flight-carrying-relief-materials-to-wuhan/articleshow/74252370.cms?from=mdr|title=Chinese wall stopping evacuation of Indian nationals from Wuhan|date=22 February 2020|work=The Economic Times|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref>


On 15 March, after a video conference of ] leaders, PM ] allocated ]74 ] (US$10 million) of funds classified as COVID-19 Emergency Fund for the SAARC countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/saarc-video-conference-live-we-evacuated-1-400-indians-from-different-countries-says-modi-11584273185030.html|title=PM Modi proposes Covid-19 emergency fund to SAARC leaders, offers $10 mn|date=15 March 2020|website=Livemint|access-date=16 March 2020}}</ref>
On 20 January, ] ] ] made his first public remark on the outbreak and spoke of "the need for the timely release of information".<ref name="xinhuanet138721535">{{Cite news |url=http://xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/20/c_138721535.htm |title=Xi orders resolute efforts to curb virus spread |date=20 January 2020 |access-date=25 January 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124174142/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/20/c_138721535.htm |archive-date=24 January 2020 |agency=Xinhua News Agency}}</ref> One day later, the CPC ], the most powerful political organ in China overseeing legal enforcement and the police, wrote "self-deception will only make the epidemic worse and turn a natural disaster that was controllable into a man-made disaster at great cost," and "only openness can minimise panic to the greatest extent." The commission then added, "anyone who deliberately delays and hides the reporting of cases out of self-interest will be nailed on a pillar of shame for eternity."<ref name="20200122washingtonpost">{{Cite news |last=Fifield |first=Anna |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/chinese-officials-urge-people-not-to-travel-in-and-out-of-city-at-center-of-virus-outbreak/2020/01/21/60680d3e-3c2d-11ea-afe2-090eb37b60b1_story.html |title=Chinese officials try to contain virus outbreak as first case confirmed in U.S. |date=22 January 2020 |work=] |access-date=25 January 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124175758/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/chinese-officials-urge-people-not-to-travel-in-and-out-of-city-at-center-of-virus-outbreak/2020/01/21/60680d3e-3c2d-11ea-afe2-090eb37b60b1_story.html |archive-date=24 January 2020 |last2=Sun |first2=Lina H. |last3=Bernstein |first3=Lenny}}</ref><ref name="scmp3046984">{{Cite news |last=Zheng |first=William |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3046984/china-warns-cadres-cover-spread-virus-and-be-nailed-pillar |title=China's credibility on the line as it tries to dispels fears it will cover up spread of Wuhan virus |date=21 January 2020 |work=South China Morning Post |access-date=25 January 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125014942/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3046984/china-warns-cadres-cover-spread-virus-and-be-nailed-pillar |archive-date=25 January 2020 |last2=Lau |first2=Mimi}}</ref> Xi Jinping later also instructed authorities "to strengthen the guidance of public opinions", language which some view as a call for censorship after commentators on social media became increasingly pointedly critical and angry at the government due to the epidemic.<ref name="WSJ">{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-strains-to-stamp-out-coronavirus-criticisms-at-home-11580207403 |title=China Strains to Stamp Out Coronavirus Criticisms at Home |last=Wei |first=Lingling |date=28 January 2020 |work=] |access-date=29 January 2020 |issn=0099-9660 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> on 30 January, ], delivered a rare rebuke against the country's police forces, calling the "unreasonably harsh crackdown on online rumours" as undermining public trust. The supreme court judge Tang Xinghua said that if police had been lenient against rumours and allowed the public to have taken heed of them, an earlier adoption of "measures like wearing masks, strictly disinfecting and avoiding wildlife markets" might have been useful in countering the spread of the epidemic.<ref name="20200130Guardian">{{Cite news |first1=Alison |last1=Rourke|first2= Molly |last2=Blackall |first3= Damien |last3=Gayle |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2020/jan/30/coronavirus-live-updates-china-death-toll-wuhan-evacuation-foreign-nationals-citizens-latest-news |title=Virus death toll reaches 213 in China – as it happened |date=31 January 2020 |work=The Guardian |access-date=2 February 2020 |last4=Weaver |first4=Matthew |issn=0261-3077 |first5= Jessica|last5=Murray |last6=Doherty |first6=Ben |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130002626/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2020/jan/30/coronavirus-live-updates-china-death-toll-wuhan-evacuation-foreign-nationals-citizens-latest-news |archive-date=30 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>


As a precautionary measure, India closed all of its international land borders on 16 March.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mohfw.gov.in/NewinstructionsDt14032020Restirctiononinternationalpassengertraffic.pdf|title=NewinstructionsDt14032020Restirctiononinternationalpassengertraffic.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319061749/https://www.mohfw.gov.in/NewinstructionsDt14032020Restirctiononinternationalpassengertraffic.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mohfw.gov.in/GuidelinesDT13032020.pdf|title=GuidelinesDT13032020.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323075951/https://www.mohfw.gov.in/GuidelinesDT13032020.pdf|archive-date=23 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref> On 22 March, India locked down places where cases had been confirmed—82 districts in 22 states and Union Territories—until 31 March,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/82-districts-under-lockdown-over-covid-19-what-s-open-and-what-is-shut/story-c1AEMZXuuXN6FvmrAdRvsJ.html|title=82 districts under lockdown over Covid-19: What is shut and where|date=23 March 2020|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref> although essential services and commodities were to continue.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jagannath|first1=J.|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/delhi-lockdown-to-start-at-6-am-monday-until-31-march-kejriwal-11584881955813.html|title=Delhi lockdown to start at 6 am Monday, until 31 March: Kejriwal|date=22 March 2020|work=Livemint|access-date=22 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/lockdown-in-west-bengal-from-5pm-today-government-to-shut-down-non-essentials/articleshow/74766599.cms|title=Lockdown in West Bengal: From 5pm today, government to shut down non-essentials|date=23 March 2020|work=The Times of India|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref> 80 cities including major cities such as Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Nagpur, Varanasi and Raipur were also put under lockdown.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gunasekar|first1=Arvind|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/coronavirus-covid-19-80-cities-across-india-go-into-lockdown-till-march-31-what-it-means-2198894|title=Coronavirus: 80 Cities Across India Go Into Lockdown Till March 31. What It Means|date=23 March 2020|work=NDTV|access-date=23 March 2020|last2=Bhattacharji|first2=Chetan}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Marpakwar|first1=Prafulla|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/poor-public-response-pushed-govt-to-declare-lockdown-in-mumbai/articleshow/74766049.cms|title=Poor public response pushed govt to declare lockdown in Mumbai|date=23 March 2020|work=The Times of India|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref>
As part of the central government's "bifurcated approach to diffuse discontent", citizens were permitted to criticise local officials so long as they did not "question the basic legitimacy of the party".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/in-coronavirus-outbreak-chinas-leaders-scramble-to-avert-a-chernobyl-moment/2020/01/29/bc4eb52a-4250-11ea-99c7-1dfd4241a2fe_story.html |title=In coronavirus outbreak, China's leaders scramble to avert a Chernobyl moment |website=The Washington Post |access-date=10 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204085411/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/in-coronavirus-outbreak-chinas-leaders-scramble-to-avert-a-chernobyl-moment/2020/01/29/bc4eb52a-4250-11ea-99c7-1dfd4241a2fe_story.html |archive-date=4 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> The ] (CAC) declared its intent to foster a "good online atmosphere," with CAC notices sent to video platforms encouraging them to "not to push any negative story, and not to conduct non-official livestreaming on the virus."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-censorship-idUSKBN2051BP|title=China's online censors tighten grip after brief coronavirus respite|date=11 February 2020|agency=Reuters|access-date=12 February 2020}}</ref> Censorship has been observed being applied on news articles and social media posts deemed to hold negative tones about the coronavirus and the governmental response, including posts mocking Xi Jinping for not visiting areas of the epidemic,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/04/blame-xi-jinping-absence-coronavirus-frontline-china-crisis|title=Taking credit, avoiding blame? Xi Jinping's absence from coronavirus frontline|last=Kuo|first=Lily|date=4 February 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=5 February 2020|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204231032/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/04/blame-xi-jinping-absence-coronavirus-frontline-china-crisis|archive-date=4 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> an article that predicted negative effects of the epidemic on the economy, and calls to remove local government officials.<ref name="auto5" /><ref name="auto3" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/31/asia/wuhan-virus-china-censorship-intl-hnk/index.html|title=China is waking up to the dangers of knee-jerk censorship in a crisis|first=James|last=Griffiths|publisher=CNN|access-date=2 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202033436/https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/31/asia/wuhan-virus-china-censorship-intl-hnk/index.html|archive-date=2 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_ca/article/g5xykx/you-can-now-go-to-jail-in-china-for-criticizing-beijings-coronavirus-response|title=You Can Now Go to Jail in China for Criticizing Beijing's Coronavirus Response|last=Gilbert|first=David|date=30 January 2020|website=Vice|access-date=2 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131082945/https://www.vice.com/en_ca/article/g5xykx/you-can-now-go-to-jail-in-china-for-criticizing-beijings-coronavirus-response|archive-date=31 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> While censorship had been briefly relaxed giving a "window of about two weeks in which Chinese journalists were able to publish hard-hitting stories exposing the mishandling of the novel coronavirus by officials", since then private news outlets were reportedly required to use "planned and controlled publicity" with the authorities' consent.<ref name="auto3"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-censorship/chinas-online-censors-tighten-grip-after-brief-coronavirus-respite-idUSKBN2051BP|title=China's online censors tighten grip after brief coronavirus respite|date=11 February 2020|accessdate=22 February 2020|agency=Reuters}}</ref>


On 24 March, the government announced a nationwide lockdown to be in effect for 21 days from 25 March until 14 April.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-52024239|title=India's 1.3bn population told to stay at home|date=25 March 2020|work=BBC News|access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref> This lockdown included ], the biggest employer in India; it was the first shutdown of the trains in 167 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/05/asia/indian-railways-coronavirus-hospitals-intl-hnk/index.html|title=India has closed its railways for the first time in 167 years. Now trains are being turned into hospitals|last=Ramaprasad|first=Hema|date=6 April 2020|website=CNN|access-date=6 April 2020}}</ref>
=== Italy ===
{{Main|2020 coronavirus pandemic in Italy}}
] volunteers carrying out health checks at the ] in ]]]


=== Indonesia ===
The outbreak was confirmed to have spread to Italy on 31 January 2020, when two Chinese tourists tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Rome.<ref name="Corriere_20Jan">{{cite web|url=https://www.corriere.it/cronache/20_gennaio_30/coronavirus-italia-corona-9d6dc436-4343-11ea-bdc8-faf1f56f19b7.shtml|title=Coronavirus: Primi due casi in Italia|date=31 January 2020|trans-title=Coronavirus: First two cases in Italy|website=Corriere della sera|language=it|accessdate=31 January 2020}}</ref> In response, the Italian government suspended all flights to and from China and declared a state of emergency, with Prime Minister ] stating that Italy is the first EU country to take this precautionary measure.<ref name="thelocal-flight">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thelocal.it/20200131/italy-suspends-all-china-flights-after-coronavirus-cases-confirmed-in-rome/|title=Italy suspends all China flights as coronavirus cases confirmed in Rome|date=31 January 2020|website=THELOCAL|access-date=26 February 2020}}</ref> On 31 January, the ] appointed ], head of the ], as Special Commissioner for the COVID-19 Emergency.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://tg24.sky.it/politica/approfondimenti/angelo-borrelli-chi-e.html |title=Chi è Angelo Borrelli, nominato Commissario per l'emergenza coronavirus |website=tg24.sky.it |language=it |accessdate=7 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fanpage.it/politica/coronavirus-angelo-borrelli-nominato-commissario-straordinario-ecco-chi-e/|title=Coronavirus, Angelo Borrelli commissario straordinario: potrà anche requisire gli hotel|website=Fanpage}}</ref> A unassociated cluster of ] cases was later further detected starting with 16 confirmed cases in ] on 21 February,<ref name="ThomReut_IT_16cluster_21Feb">{{cite news|last1=Anzolin|first1=Elisa|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-italy/coronavirus-outbreak-grows-in-northern-italy-16-cases-reported-in-one-day-idUSKBN20F0UI|title=Coronavirus outbreak grows in northern Italy, 16 cases reported in one day|date=21 February 2020|accessdate=21 February 2020|url-status=live <!-- live|dead|unfit|usurped -->|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221225322/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-italy/coronavirus-outbreak-grows-in-northern-italy-16-cases-reported-in-one-day-idUSKBN20F0UI|archivedate=21 February 2020|agency=]|last2=Amante|first2=Angelo|url-access=<!-- (subscription/registration/limited) default=free -->}}</ref> an additional 60 cases on 22 February, and Italy's first deaths reported on the same day.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}
{{Main|COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia|2020 Indonesia large-scale social restrictions}}
Many Indonesians criticised the government for a slow response and downplaying the pandemic. WHO, Australian government, and United States embassy in Indonesia have expressed their doubts about the Indonesian government's response to the pandemic.<ref>{{cite web |author1=BERITASATU |title=We Don't Cover Things Up, Indonesia Says Amid Doubts Over Its Covid-19 Handling |url=https://jakartaglobe.id/news/we-dont-cover-things-up-indonesia-says-amid-doubts-over-its-covid19-handling |website=Jakarta Globe |date=28 February 2020}}</ref>


The governor of ] province, ] faced backlash for accepting 174 tourists from China to the province. 174 Chinese tourists from ] arrived at ] at ] as ] adds Padang – Kunming route. Prayitno received further backlash after welcoming the group of tourists himself at the airport and giving them a "grand welcome" with a cultural parade. The move angered local residents who demanded the governor return the group to China.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nasution |first1=Rahmad |title=174 Chinese tourists visit West Sumatra amid fear of coronavirus |url=https://en.antaranews.com/news/140319/174-chinese-tourists-visit-west-sumatra-amid-fear-of-coronavirus |website=Antara News |date=26 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=150 Turis China Disambut Gubernur Sumbar, Warga Protes di Medsos, Begini Penjelasannya |url=https://bali.tribunnews.com/2020/01/28/150-turis-china-disambut-gubernur-sumbar-warga-protes-di-medsos-begini-penjelasannya |website=Tribun Bali |language=id-ID |date=28 January 2020}}</ref>
The Ministry of Health announced new guidelines for reporting cases on 27 February in response to the previous blanket testing that caused case numbers to surge and inflamed public panic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/02/28/news/_polmoniti_anomale_a_meta_gennaio_cosi_e_nato_il_focolaio_di_codogno_-249759796/|title=Coronavirus, polmoniti anomale a metà gennaio: "Così è nato il focolaio di Codogno"|date=27 February 2020|website=la Repubblica|language=it|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref> It would no longer report asymptomatic cases (swabs taken from patients which tested positive but were not showing symptoms) which counted as 40 to 50% of all reported cases at the time. These people would undergo isolation at home and would be followed up with new tests until they were negative.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/02/28/news/cambia_il_metodo_di_conteggio_esclusi_i_positivi_asintomatici-249765660/|title=Cambia il metodo di conteggio: esclusi i positivi asintomatici|date=27 February 2020|website=la Repubblica|language=it|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory/italy-virus-count-methods-agencys-urging-69254949|title=Italy blasts virus panic as it eyes new testing criteria|publisher=ABC News|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref>


Health experts are concerned that the country is failing to identify the transmission of the virus.<ref name="JakPost 20200229">{{cite web | url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2020/02/29/lets-not-kid-ourselves-indonesia-is-unlikely-to-be-covid-19-free-and-thats-not-our-biggest-problem.html | title=Let's not kid ourselves. Indonesia is unlikely to be COVID-19-free. And that's not our biggest problem. | work=The Jakarta Post | date=29 February 2020 | access-date=29 February 2020 | last=Hermawan | first=Ary}}</ref> ], professor of ] at the ], "analysed air traffic out of the Chinese city at the centre of the outbreak in China and suggested in a report ... that Indonesia might have missed cases" of coronavirus.<ref>{{cite news|access-date=8 April 2020 |first1=Karen|last1=McVeigh|first2=Emma|last2=Graham-Harrison |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/14/indonesia-coronavirus-academic-harvard-marc-lipsitch |title=Academic stands by research querying Indonesia's claim to be coronavirus-free |date=14 February 2020 |newspaper=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/reported-cases-coronavirus-indonesia-200218112232304.html | title=Why are there no reported cases of coronavirus in Indonesia? | access-date=2 March 2020 | website=aljazeera.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/02/19/indonesia-coronavirus-screening-may-miss-virus-carriers/ | title=Indonesian Screening May Be Missing Virus Carriers | access-date=2 March 2020 | last=Firdaus | first=Febriana| date=19 February 2020 }}</ref> Western diplomats<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.merdeka.com/dunia/kekhawatiran-as-dan-negara-barat-soal-penanganan-corona-di-indonesia.html | title=Kekhawatiran AS dan Negara Barat Soal Penanganan Corona di Indonesia | work=Merdeka.com | date=28 February 2020 | access-date=29 February 2020 | last=Pandasurya | first=Wijaya |language=id}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://nasional.kontan.co.id/news/kedutaan-besar-negara-barat-cemas-dengan-penanganan-virus-corona-di-Indonesia | title=Kedutaan besar negara Barat cemas dengan penanganan virus corona di Indonesia | work=Kontan | date=27 February 2020 | access-date=29 February 2020 | editor=S.S. Kurniawan |language=id}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2020/03/01/090000165/nol-kasus-perdana-menteri-australia-ragukan-penanganan-virus-corona-di | title=Nol Kasus, Perdana Menteri Australia Ragukan Penanganan Virus Corona di Indonesia | work=Kompas.com | date=1 March 2020 | access-date=2 March 2020 | author=Nur Rohmi Aida |language=id}}</ref> as well as local<ref name="JakPost 20200229" /><ref>{{cite web | url=https://jakartaglobe.id/news/we-dont-cover-things-up-indonesia-says-amid-doubts-over-its-covid19-handling | title=We Don't Cover Things Up, Indonesia Says Amid Doubts Over Its Covid-19 Handling | work=Jakarta Globe | date=28 February 2020 | access-date=29 February 2020}}</ref> and international<ref>{{cite web | url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/02/19/indonesia-coronavirus-screening-may-miss-virus-carriers/ | title=Indonesian Screening May Be Missing Virus Carriers | work=Foreign Policy | date=19 February 2020 | access-date=29 February 2020 | last=Firdaus | first=Febriana}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://time.com/5792180/southeast-asia-undetected-coronavirus/ | title=A Silent Epidemic? Experts Fear the Coronavirus Is Spreading Undetected in Southeast Asia | magazine=Time (magazine) | date=28 February 2020 | access-date=29 February 2020 | last=Barron | first=Laignee}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | first1=Randy | last1=Mulyanto | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/reported-cases-coronavirus-indonesia-200218112232304.html | title=Why are there no reported cases of coronavirus in Indonesia? | work=Al Jazeera | date=18 February 2020 | access-date=29 February 2020 | last2=Firdaus | first2=Febriana}}</ref> news outlets postulated that the lack of cases within Indonesia result from inadequate testing and under reporting, as opposed to sheer luck and ].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/health-environment/article/3051068/we-owe-it-god-indonesia-prays-how-it-keeping | title='We owe it to God': as Indonesia prays, how is it keeping the coronavirus at bay? | work=South China Morning Post | date=18 February 2020 | access-date=29 February 2020 | last=Cochrane | first=Joe}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-indonesia/indonesia-says-lack-of-coronavirus-cases-a-blessing-from-god-idUSKCN20L1DL | title=Indonesia says lack of COVID-19 cases a blessing from God | work=Reuters | date=27 February 2020 | access-date=29 February 2020 | last=Da Costa | first=Agustinus Beo}}</ref>
On 22 February, the ] announced a new decree law to contain the outbreak, including quarantining more than 50,000 people from 11 different municipalities in ].<ref name="AutoDW-201"/> Prime Minister ] said "In the outbreak areas, entry and exit will not be provided. Suspension of work activities and sport events has already been ordered in those areas."<ref name="AutoDW-202"/><ref name="AutoDW-203"/> Punishments for violating of the lockdown range from a fine of 206 euros to 3 months imprisonment.<ref name="AutoDW-204"/> ] and law enforcement agencies were instructed to secure and implement the lockdown.<ref name="AutoDW-205"/>


The government faced a backlash after instead pledging to set aside ] 72 billion ($5m) to pay for social media influencers to attract tourists to Indonesia.<ref>{{cite news |title='Rp 72 Miliar Untuk Influencer': Cara Indonesia Merespon Virus Corona |trans-title='Rp 72 Billion for Influencers': How Indonesia Responds to the Coronavirus|url=https://www.tempo.co/abc/5348/rp-72-miliar-untuk-influencer-cara-indonesia-merespon-virus-corona |access-date=4 March 2020 |work=Tempo |date=28 February 2020 |language=id}}</ref>
On 3 March, Chinese authorities reported that on March first and second, eight virus victims who had returned to the county of Qingtian, in East China's Zhejiang province, were suffering from the virus. All eight appear to have acquired Covid-19 in the northern town of ], a virus-ravaged municipality, where they had worked at a restaurant, Qingtian officials said. Chinese authorities called these "backflow cases" — virus carriers who contract the disease outside China, then bring it back to their homeland.<ref>Flynn Murphy, Zhang Erchi and Ye Zhanqi, , ''Caixin'', 3 March 2020</ref>


Indonesian president Joko Widodo has been criticised by the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://katadata.co.id/berita/2020/03/03/cegah-kepanikan-pengusaha-minta-pemerintah-jujur-soal-virus-corona|title=Cegah Kepanikan, Pengusaha Minta Pemerintah Jujur Soal Virus Corona – Katadata.co.id|date=3 March 2020|website=katadata.co.id|language=id|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref> human rights groups,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1319111/komnas-ham-minta-pemerintah-terbuka-soal-virus-corona|title=Komnas HAM Minta Pemerintah Terbuka Soal Virus Corona|last=Persada|first=Syailendra|date=13 March 2020|website=Tempo|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref> and by political parties including ] and ]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20200313070528-20-483043/pks-minta-pemerintah-lebih-terbuka-soal-corona|title=PKS Minta Pemerintah Lebih Terbuka soal Corona|website=nasional|language=id-ID|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4937624/daerah-sumber-corona-harus-diungkap-golkar-dorong-pemerintah-transparan|title=Daerah Sumber Corona Harus Diungkap, Golkar Dorong Pemerintah Transparan|last=Zhacky|first=Mochamad|website=detiknews|language=id-ID|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref> for a lack of transparency regarding the information on COVID-19. Widodo has insisted not to share with the travel history details of patients tested positive with COVID-19 in an attempt to reduce panic and uneasiness in the general public.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/03/13/16163481/jokowi-akui-pemerintah-rahasiakan-sejumlah-informasi-soal-corona|title=Jokowi Akui Pemerintah Rahasiakan Sejumlah Informasi soal Corona|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|date=13 March 2020|language=id|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref>
On 4 March, the Italian government ordered the full closure of all schools and universities nationwide as Italy reached 100 deaths. Additionally, all major sporting events, including Serie A football matches, would be held behind closed doors until April.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Palermo|first=Angela Giuffrida Lorenzo Tondo in|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/04/italy-orders-closure-of-schools-and-universities-due-to-coronavirus|title=Italy orders closure of all schools and universities due to coronavirus|date=4 March 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=4 March 2020|last2=Beaumont|first2=Peter|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> On 9 March, all sport was suspended completely for at least one month.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/51808683 | title=Coronavirus: All sport in Italy suspended because of outbreak| work=BBC Sport| date=9 March 2020}}</ref>

==== Quarantines ====
]'', reading "Tutti a casa" ("Everybody (stay) in your homes), hung in a Bologna street the first day (10 March 2020) of the nation-spread lockdown in Italy]]
{{main|2020 Italy coronavirus lockdown}}
On 21 February, at least ten towns in the Lombardy and ] regions of Italy, with a total population of 50,000, were locked down in quarantine procedure following an outbreak in ] in Lombardy. Police mandated a curfew closing all public buildings and controlling access through police checkpoints to the so-called 'red zone' which is enforced by penalties for violations ranging from a €206 fine to three months of imprisonment against trespassers who are not health or supply workers.<ref name="AutoDW-204"/> The government of Giuseppe Conte said that sending in the armed forces to enforce the lockdown was a possibility.<ref name="AutoDW-205"/> The governor of ], ], instituted a mandatory 14-day quarantine for people arriving from areas in northern Italy affected by the outbreak on 24 February.<ref name="Repubblica_24Feb2">{{cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/02/24/news/coronavirus_149_i_casi_confermati_conte_i_contagi_possono_crescere_-249427098/|title=Coronavirus, quarto morto, è un 84enne di Bergamo. Sette regioni coinvolte per 30 milioni di italiani|date=24 February 2020|website=la Repubblica|language=it|access-date=24 February 2020}}</ref> On the same day, 500 extra police officers were assigned to patrol the quarantined areas in ] and Veneto.<ref name="Repubblica_24Feb2"/>

On the morning of 8 March 2020, Conte said that much of Italy's northern territories, including Milan and Venice, would be quarantined within their region.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Horowitz |first1=Jason |title=Italy Locks Down Much of the Country's North Over the Coronavirus |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/07/world/europe/coronavirus-italy.html|accessdate=8 March 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=7 March 2020}}</ref> Conte said the country was locking down all of the populous Lombardy region, with movement restrictions applying to about 16 million people.<ref name=Italia>, '']'', Chico Harlan and Stefano Pitrelli, 7 March 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2020.</ref> This will be the most aggressive response taken in any region beyond China, and will paralyse the wealthiest parts of the country as Italy attempts to constrain the rapid spread of the disease.<ref name=Italia/> On 8 March 2020, there have been 7,375 confirmed cases, and 366 deaths in Italy.<ref name=JHMap/>

On the evening of 9 March 2020, the quarantine was expanded to all of Italy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-51810673|title=Coronavirus: Italy extends strict quarantine measures nationwide|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref>

=== South Korea ===
{{Main|2020 coronavirus pandemic in South Korea}}
The first confirmed case of the coronavirus was identified with a 35-year-old Chinese woman on 20 January. The first South Korean national to be infected occurred three days later was a 55-year-old man who worked in Wuhan and returned for a checkup with flu symptoms. The two infection reports were publicly released on 24 January. The sixth patient was the first case in South Korea who had never visited Wuhan. The 56-year-old man caught the virus when visiting a restaurant with the third patient.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}
]
A woman, who had returned from ] after a five-day vacation, was tested positive and confirmed as the sixteenth case on 4 February.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/coronavirus-south-korean-woman-travelling-home-from-thailand-tests-positive-for-virus|title=Coronavirus: South Korean woman travelling home from Thailand tests positive for virus|date=4 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204092646/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/coronavirus-south-korean-woman-travelling-home-from-thailand-tests-positive-for-virus|archive-date=4 February 2020|accessdate=4 February 2020}}</ref> Three more cases were confirmed on 5 February, bringing the total case count to 19. The seventeenth and nineteenth patients had attended a conference in Singapore and been in contact with an infected person there.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://yna.kr/AEN20200205002356320|title=3 More Virus Cases Bring S. Korea's Total to 19, Two Confirmed after Trip to Singapore|date=5 February 2020|website=Yonhap|url-status=live|accessdate=5 February 2020}}</ref> The very same day the ] (KCDC) announced that the second patient had been released from hospital after being tested negative in consecutive tests, becoming the country's first coronavirus patient to fully recover.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200205006252320|title=S. Korea Releases First Fully Recovered Coronavirus Patient from Hospital|date=5 February 2020|agency=Yonhap News Agency|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205133506/https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200205006252320|archive-date=5 February 2020|access-date=5 February 2020}}</ref>

On 19 February, the number of confirmed cases increased by 20. On 20 February 70 new cases were confirmed,<ref name="ThomReut_SKorea_zombie">{{cite news|last1=Shin|first1=Hyonhee|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-southkorea-cases/like-a-zombie-apocalypse-residents-on-edge-as-coronavirus-cases-surge-in-south-korea-idUSKBN20E04F|title='Like a zombie apocalypse': Residents on edge as coronavirus cases surge in South Korea|date=20 February 2020|accessdate=20 February 2020|url-status=live <!-- live|dead|unfit|usurped -->|archiveurl=https://archive.ph/D1K5i|archivedate=20 February 2020|agency=]|last2=Cha|first2=Sangmi|trans-title=<!-- trans-title is the English translation -->|url-access=<!-- (subscription/registration/limited) default=free -->}}</ref> giving a total of 104 confirmed cases, according to the KCDC. According to '']'', KCDC attributed the sudden jump to 70 cases linked to "Patient No. 31", who had participated in a gathering in ] at the ].<ref name="ThomReut_SKorea_zombie" />

On 20 February, the streets of Daegu were empty in reaction to the Shincheonji outbreak. A resident described the reaction, stating "It's like someone dropped a bomb in the middle of the city. It looks like a zombie apocalypse."<ref name="ThomReut_SKorea_zombie" /> The first death was reported<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/south-korea-reports-first-coronavirus-death-infections-linked-church-rise-n1139821|title=South Korea reports first coronavirus death as infections linked to church rise|publisher=NBC News|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref> in a mental ward of Cheongdo Daenam Hospital in ]. According to the mayor of Daegu, the number of suspected cases as of 21 February was 544 among 4,400 examined followers of the church.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2020/02/21/2020022101558.html|title=신천지 관련 확진자 76명으로 늘어...대구 교인 의심자만 544명|language=ko|trans-title=The number of Shincheonji related doctors will increase to 74 ... Daegu members only 544|date=21 February 2020|publisher=Chosun.com}}</ref> The hospital was suspected as the source of the present outbreak after it was visited by a woman who became the second fatal case of Korea on that day. The infection spread outside via a funeral ceremony attended by members of the church.<ref name="b82186">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51582186|title=South Korea virus 'emergency' as cases increase|date=21 February 2020|publisher=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="koreabiomed">{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Han-soo|url=http://www.koreabiomed.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=7489|title=COVID-19 patients soar to 204 in Korea|date=21 February 2020|work=Korea Biomedical Review|accessdate=21 February 2020}}</ref>

All South Korean military bases were on lockdown after tests confirmed that three soldiers were indeed positive for the virus.<ref name="b82186" /> Airlines cut connections and cultural schedules were being cancelled due to fears of further spread.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20200221000249|title=Airlines to suspend more flights over coronavirus|date=21 February 2020|work=The Korea Herald|accessdate=21 February 2020|agency=Yonhap}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Song|first1=Seung-hyun|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20200221000554|title=Foreign artists delay concerts in Korea due to spread of COVID-19|date=21 February 2020|work=The Korea Herald|accessdate=21 February 2020}}</ref> ] raised the alert level from low to moderate and cut off non-essential travel to and from USFK Daegu.<ref name="MT">{{Cite web|url=https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2020/02/19/us-forces-korea-imposes-new-coronavirus-protections-after-uptick-in-s-korea-cases/|title=US Forces Korea imposes new coronavirus protections after uptick in S Korea cases|date=19 February 2020}}</ref> USFK Daegu's school facilities were closed and non-essential personnel were ordered to stay at home while any visitors going there were not allowed to enter.<ref name="MT" /> USFK announced that the widow of a retired soldier who was in Daegu was diagnosed to be positive for the virus on 24 February.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stripes.com/news/pacific/usfk-dependent-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-putting-military-on-high-alert-in-south-korea-1.620023|title=USFK dependent tests positive for coronavirus, putting military on high alert in South Korea|website=Stars and Stripes}}</ref> ] enacted virus detection protocols, including temperature checks and raised the alert level to high.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/us-forces-korea-high-alert-for-coronavirus-after-positive-test-2020-2|title=US troops in Korea are on high alert for coronavirus after widow of retired soldier tests positive|first=David|last=Roza|website=Business Insider}}</ref> On 26 February, an American soldier based at Camp Carroll was diagnosed to be positive and was quarantined away from bases via off-base housing unit<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-southkorea/us-soldier-infected-as-south-korea-coronavirus-cases-rise-above-1260-idUSKCN20K045|title=U.S. Soldier infected as South Korea coronavirus cases rise above 1,260|date=26 February 2020|agency=Reuters}}</ref> with contact tracing done that showed his movements to Camp Walker.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/south-korea-coronavirus-cases-continue-to-soar-towns-sealed-off-in-northern-italy-2020-02-25|title=First U.S. soldier in South Korea tests positive for coronavirus; towns sealed off in northern Italy|first=Associated|last=Press|website=MarketWatch}}</ref>

As of 22 February, among 9,336 followers of the church, 1,261 reported symptoms.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.mohw.go.kr/react/al/sal0301vw.jsp?PAR_MENU_ID=04&MENU_ID=0403&page=1&CONT_SEQ=353047&SEARCHKEY=TITLE&SEARCHVALUE=코로나바이러 |title=코로나바이러스감염증-19 국내 발생 현황 (2월 22일 09시) |date=22 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, 169 confirmed cases involved the church and another 111 came from the Cheongdo Daenam Hospital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cdc.go.kr/|title=질병관리본부|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Korea}}</ref> 23 February saw another 123 cases with 75 being from Shincheonji<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=a30402000000&bid=0030&act=view&list_no=366303&tag=&nPage=1|title=123 additional cases have been confirmed|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=23 February 2020|website=]|access-date=24 February 2020}}</ref> and 24 February saw 161 additional cases with 129 being from the religious group. Over 27,000 people have been tested for the virus with 19,127 negative results.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=a30402000000&bid=0030&act=view&list_no=366323&tag=&nPage=1|title=161 additional cases have been confirmed|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=24 February 2020|website=]|access-date=24 February 2020}}</ref>

On 24 February 15 countries imposed travel restrictions to and from South Korea.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/asia/live-news/coronavirus-outbreak-02-24-20-hnk-intl/h_303decf2bc32dd08ce587a7e9f3efafd|title=15 countries have travel restrictions on South Korea|date=24 February 2020|publisher=CNN|url-status=live|access-date=24 February 2020}}</ref> It was also reported that a senior health official overseeing the COVID-19 efforts in Daegu tested positive and was also a member of Shincheonji.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/health-environment/article/3052129/coronavirus-infected-health-official-leading-south|title=Coronavirus: infected health official leading South Korea's fight against Covid-19 is member of Shincheonji Church of Jesus doomsday cult|last=Park|first=Chan-kyong|date=24 February 2020|website=]|access-date=25 February 2020|quote=Official in charge of fight against the virus in western Daegu admits being member of cult after testing positive; 50 coworkers quarantined}}</ref><ref name=":750tested">{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-02-27/south-korea-coronavirus-cases-surveillance|title=Were you on this bus with a coronavirus patient? South Korea is on the hunt for infections|last=Kim|first=Victoria|date=27 February 2020|website=]|access-date=28 February 2020|quote=Even a public health official in charge of infection prevention in Seo-gu in Daegu was revealed to be a member of the church after he was diagnosed with the virus. Many members hide their affiliation with the controversial church. More than 750,000 signed a petition to the South Korean president urging that the church be disbanded. Authorities in Gyeonggi province raided the group’s headquarters in the city of Gwacheon, alleging that the church had been slow to turn over its list of members. South Korean officials said they would track down and test all 245,000 members of the church.}}</ref> Within a few days, a petition to the nation's president urging for the disbandment of the church had over 750,000 signatures. Their headquarters in ] was raided by law enforcement; government officials said all 245,000 members of the religious group would be found and tested.<ref name=":750tested" /> On 28 February, over 2,000 confirmed cases were reported,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=a30402000000&bid=0030|title=The Updates of COVID-19 in Republic of Korea As of 28 February, 2020|author=<!--Not stated-->|website=]|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref> rising to 3,150 on 29 February.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://seekingalpha.com/news/3547240-south-korea-reports-record-jump-in-coronavirus-cases|title=South Korea reports a record jump in coronavirus cases|last=Hoffmann|first=SA Eli|date=29 February 2020|website=Seeking Alpha|access-date=1 March 2020}}</ref>

===North Korea===
North Korea officially denies any infection within its borders, but news reports estimate at least 180-200 deaths among the army alone, not counting those among the civilian population. There is no estimate of those merely infected. Army commanders are punished for any deaths in the ranks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/east-asia/article/3074377/coronavirus-nearly-200-north-korea-soldiers-die-outbreak|title=Coronavirus: nearly 200 North Korea soldiers 'die from outbreak government refuses to acknowledge'|author=<!--Not stated-->|website=]|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref>


=== Iran === === Iran ===
{{Main|2020 coronavirus pandemic in Iran}} {{Main|COVID-19 pandemic in Iran}}
] wagons against coronavirus]] ] wagons against COVID-19]]
Iran reported its first confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections on 19 February 2020 in ], where according to the ], both had died later that day.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus Arrives in Iran: Two People Test Positive in Qom |url=http://irangov.ir/detail/334964 |website=irangov.ir |date= 19 February 2020 |accessdate=6 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Iran Confirms 3 New Coronavirus Cases |url=http://irangov.ir/detail/335028 |website=irangov.ir |date= 20 February 2020 |accessdate=6 March 2020}}</ref> Iran reported its first confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections on 19 February 2020 in ], where according to the ], both had died later that day.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus Arrives in Iran: Two People Test Positive in Qom |url=http://irangov.ir/detail/334964 |website=irangov.ir |date= 19 February 2020 |access-date=6 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Iran Confirms 3 New Coronavirus Cases |url=http://irangov.ir/detail/335028 |website=irangov.ir |date= 20 February 2020 |access-date=6 March 2020}}</ref>


Early measures announced by the government included the cancellation of concerts and other cultural events,<ref>{{cite web|url= https://en.radiofarda.com/a/iranian-doctors-call-for-long-holiday-to-contain-coronavirus-outbreak/30449047.html |title=Iranian Doctors Call For 'Long Holiday' To Contain Coronavirus, As Sixth Victim Dies |website=Radio Farda |publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=22 February 2020 |accessdate=8 March 2020}}</ref> sporting events,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.varzesh3.com/news/1669982/لغو-همه-مسابقات-ورزشی-به-مدت-روز|title=لغو همه مسابقات ورزشی به مدت ۱۰ روز|website=varzesh3.com|language=Persian|access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref> and Friday prayers,<ref>{{cite news|last=Gambrell|first=Jon|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/saudi-arabia-halts-travel-to-islams-holiest-site-over-virus%2f2020%2f02%2f26%2fc86ec712-5918-11ea-8efd-0f904bdd8057_story.html|title=Iran news agencies report Friday prayers canceled in Tehran|agency=Associated Press|work=The Washington Post}}</ref> closure of universities, higher education institutions and schools,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.radiofarda.com/a/iran-announces-closure-of-universities-schools-to-fight-coronavirus/30449711.html|title=Iran Announces Closure Of Universities, Schools As Coronavirus Death Toll Rises|website=Radio Farda|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=2020-02-23|accessdate=2020-03-08}}</ref> and allocated 5&nbsp;trillion rials to combat the virus.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jamaran.news/بخش-پروفایل-182/1363201-اختصاص-میلیارد-تومان-به-وزارت-بهداشت-برای-مقابله-با-کرونا|title=اختصاص 530 میلیارد تومان به وزارت بهداشت برای مقابله با کرونا|website=پایگاه خبری جماران – امام خمینی – انقلاب اسلامی|language=fa|access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref> President ] said on 26 February 2020 that there were no plans to quarantine areas affected by the outbreak, and only individuals would be quarantined.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-51651454|title=Coronavirus: Iran has no plans to quarantine cities, Rouhani says|date=26 February 2020|publisher=BBC}}</ref> However, ] shrines in Qom remained open to pilgrims.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Ramin Mostaghim |author2=Mostafa Salem |author3=Tamara Qiblawi|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/02/26/middleeast/iran-coronavirus-intl/index.html|title=Iran was already struggling with one crisis. Now it has the worst coronavirus outbreak in the Middle East|date=26 February 2020|publisher=CNN}}</ref> Early measures announced by the government included the cancellation of concerts and other cultural events,<ref>{{cite web|url= https://en.radiofarda.com/a/iranian-doctors-call-for-long-holiday-to-contain-coronavirus-outbreak/30449047.html |title=Iranian Doctors Call For 'Long Holiday' To Contain Coronavirus, As Sixth Victim Dies |website=Radio Farda |publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=22 February 2020 |access-date=8 March 2020}}</ref> sporting events,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.varzesh3.com/news/1669982/لغو-همه-مسابقات-ورزشی-به-مدت-روز|title=لغو همه مسابقات ورزشی به مدت ۱۰ روز|website=varzesh3.com|language=fa|access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref> and Friday prayers,<ref>{{cite news|last=Gambrell|first=Jon|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/saudi-arabia-halts-travel-to-islams-holiest-site-over-virus%2f2020%2f02%2f26%2fc86ec712-5918-11ea-8efd-0f904bdd8057_story.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227122634/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/saudi-arabia-halts-travel-to-islams-holiest-site-over-virus/2020/02/26/c86ec712-5918-11ea-8efd-0f904bdd8057_story.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 February 2020|title=Iran news agencies report Friday prayers canceled in Tehran|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> closure of universities, higher education institutions and schools,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.radiofarda.com/a/iran-announces-closure-of-universities-schools-to-fight-coronavirus/30449711.html|title=Iran Announces Closure Of Universities, Schools As Coronavirus Death Toll Rises|website=Radio Farda|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=23 February 2020|access-date=8 March 2020}}</ref> and allocated 5&nbsp;trillion rials to combat the virus.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jamaran.news/بخش-پروفایل-182/1363201-اختصاص-میلیارد-تومان-به-وزارت-بهداشت-برای-مقابله-با-کرونا|title=اختصاص 530 میلیارد تومان به وزارت بهداشت برای مقابله با کرونا|website=پایگاه خبری جماران – امام خمینی – انقلاب اسلامی|language=fa|access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref> President ] said on 26 February 2020 that there were no plans to quarantine areas affected by the outbreak, and only individuals would be quarantined.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-51651454|title=Coronavirus: Iran has no plans to quarantine cities, Rouhani says|date=26 February 2020|publisher=BBC}}</ref> However, ] shrines in Qom remained open to pilgrims.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Ramin |last1=Mostaghim |first2=Mostafa |last2=Salem |first3=Tamara|last3=Qiblawi|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/02/26/middleeast/iran-coronavirus-intl/index.html|title=Iran was already struggling with one crisis. Now it has the worst coronavirus pandemic in the Middle East|date=26 February 2020|publisher=CNN}}</ref>


Iran became a center of the spread of the virus after China.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/24/world/middleeast/coronavirus-iran.html |title='Recipe for a Massive Viral Outbreak': Iran Emerges as a Worldwide Threat |date=24 February 2020|work=The New York Times |authors= David D. Kirkpatrick, Farnaz Fassihi and Mujib Mashal }}</ref><ref name=newyorker /> Amidst claims of a cover-up of the extent of the outbreak in the country,<ref>{{cite news|authors=Sam Jones, Aamna Mohdin and agencies|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/24/coronavirus-dead-in-iranian-city-of-qom|title=Coronavirus: Iran denies cover-up as six deaths reported in Italy|work=The Guardian|date=24 February 2020}}</ref> over ten countries have traced their cases back to Iran, indicating that the extent of the outbreak may be more severe than that admitted by the Iranian government.<ref name=newyorker>{{cite web|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/how-iran-became-a-new-epicenter-of-the-coronavirus-outbreak|title=How Iran Became A New Epicenter of the Coronavirus Outbreak|last1=Wright|first1=Robin |date=24 February 2020 |work=The New Yorker}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Coronavirus pummels Iran leadership as data show spread is far worse than reported|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/coronavirus-pummels-iran-leadership-as-data-show-spread-is-far-worse-than-reported/2020/03/04/7b1196ae-5c9f-11ea-ac50-18701e14e06d_story.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=4 March 2020|authors=Erin Cunningham & Dalton Bennett }}</ref> The ] was shut down, with 23 of the 290 members of parliament reported to have had tested positive for the virus on 3 March.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/8-percent-iran-parliament-has-coronavirus-it-released-54000-prisoners-2020-3|title=8% of Iran's parliament has the coronavirus, and it released 54,000 prisoners as the country descends into chaos|last=Haltiwanger|first=John|website=Business Insider|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref> A number of senior government officials as well as two members of parliament have died from the disease.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-51801968 |title=Virus hits highest levels of Iran's government |author= Tse Yin Lee |date=9 March 2020 |work=BBC}}</ref> Iran became a center of the spread of the virus after China.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/24/world/middleeast/coronavirus-iran.html |title='Recipe for a Massive Viral Outbreak': Iran Emerges as a Worldwide Threat |date=24 February 2020|work=The New York Times |author1= David D. Kirkpatrick |author2=Farnaz Fassihi |author3=Mujib Mashal}}</ref><ref name="newyorker" /> Amidst claims of a cover-up of the extent of the outbreak in the country,<ref>{{cite news|author1=Sam Jones |author2=Aamna Mohdin|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/24/coronavirus-dead-in-iranian-city-of-qom|title=Coronavirus: Iran denies cover-up as six deaths reported in Italy|work=The Guardian|date=24 February 2020}}</ref> over ten countries have traced their cases back to Iran, indicating that the extent of the outbreak may be more severe than that admitted by the Iranian government.<ref name="newyorker">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/how-iran-became-a-new-epicenter-of-the-coronavirus-outbreak|title=How Iran Became A New Epicenter of the coronavirus pandemic|last1=Wright|first1=Robin |date=24 February 2020 |magazine=The New Yorker}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Coronavirus pummels Iran leadership as data show spread is far worse than reported|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/coronavirus-pummels-iran-leadership-as-data-show-spread-is-far-worse-than-reported/2020/03/04/7b1196ae-5c9f-11ea-ac50-18701e14e06d_story.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=4 March 2020|author1=Erin Cunningham |author2=Dalton Bennett}}</ref> The ] was shut down, with 23 of the 290 members of parliament reported to have had tested positive for the virus on 3 March.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/8-percent-iran-parliament-has-coronavirus-it-released-54000-prisoners-2020-3|title=8% of Iran's parliament has the coronavirus, and it released 54,000 prisoners as the country descends into chaos|last=Haltiwanger|first=John|website=Business Insider|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref> A number of senior government officials as well as two members of parliament have died from the disease.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-51801968 |title=Virus hits highest levels of Iran's government |author= Tse Yin Lee |date=9 March 2020 |work=BBC}}</ref>


==== Criticism against Iranian government's responses ====
=== France ===
] (left) at a press conference after which he tested positive for the virus.]]
{{Main|2020 coronavirus pandemic in France}}
Iranians criticized government authorities for proceeding with ] while the disease was spreading and closing secular spaces while keeping shrines open, especially in the Shia holy city of ].<ref>{{cite news|title= The Iranian regime risks exacerbating the outbreak of covid-19|url= https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2020/02/24/the-iranian-regime-risks-exacerbating-the-outbreak-of-covid-19|newspaper=]|date=24 February 2020}}</ref> Asif Shuja of the National University of Singapore's Middle East Institute suggested that "the fact that Iran reported deaths on the same day as its first infections right before its parliamentary elections 'can compel anyone' that there has been a cover-up".<ref name="auto4">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/02/irans-coronavirus-updates-cannot-entirely-be-trusted-expert-says.html|title=Iran's coronavirus updates cannot 'entirely' be trusted, expert says|website=cnbc|date=2 March 2020|access-date=2 March 2020}}</ref> Scrutiny has also been targeted at the government's unwillingness to implement area-wide quarantine measures like those implemented by China and Italy, with Iranian officials calling quarantines "old-fashioned."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-51628484|title=Top Iran health official gets virus as fears grow|date=25 February 2020|work=BBC News|access-date=25 February 2020}}</ref> There have been concerns that the Iranian government's official counts were an underestimate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/27/who-says-coronavirus-entered-iran-unseen-and-undetected-warns-outbreak-could-be-even-worse.html|title=WHO says coronavirus entered Iran 'undetected,' warns outbreak could be worse than is known|last=Feuer|first=William|date=27 February 2020|publisher=CNBC|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref> The WHO's director-general, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, said that "the WHO has its "own mechanism" for checking facts and has not seen problems with Iran's reported figures".<ref name="auto4" />
On 24 January 2020, the first case of COVID-19 in France was confirmed in ].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jacob |first1=Etienne |title=Coronavirus: trois premiers cas confirmés en France, deux d'entre eux vont bien |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/sciences/coronavirus-trois-premiers-cas-confirmes-en-france-20200124 |website=Le Figaro.fr |accessdate=7 March 2020 |language=fr |date=24 January 2020}}</ref>


=== Spain === === Japan ===
{{Main|2020 coronavirus pandemic in Spain}} {{main|COVID-19 pandemic in Japan}}
{{Expand section|date=April 2020}}
On 31 January 2020, the first case was confirmed when a tourist tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in ], Spain.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Linde |first1=Pablo |title=Sanidad confirma en La Gomera el primer caso de coronavirus en España |url=https://elpais.com/sociedad/2020/01/31/actualidad/1580509404_469734.html |newspaper=El País |accessdate=8 March 2020 |language=es |date=1 February 2020}}</ref>
On 27 February 2020, Prime Minister ] requested that all Japanese elementary, junior high, and high schools close until early April to help contain the virus.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2020/02/c3c57bbce11d-breaking-news-govt-will-ask-all-schools-in-japan-to-shut-for-virus-fears-abe.html|title=PM Abe asks all schools in Japan to temporarily close over coronavirus|work=]}}</ref>


The outbreak has been a concern for the ] which is scheduled to take place in Tokyo starting at the end of July.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: Tokyo 2020 could be postponed to end of year – Japan's Olympic minister |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/51717839 |work=BBC News |date=3 March 2020}}</ref> The Japanese government has thus been taking extra precautions to help minimise the outbreak's impact.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus could see the Tokyo Olympics cancelled. Is Japan's handling of the outbreak to blame? |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-03/coronavirus-will-the-diamond-princess-sink-japans-olympics-dream/12015202 |publisher=ABC News |date=3 March 2020}}</ref> The Japanese government and the ] have negotiated postponement of Summer Olympics until 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tokyo 2020 Olympics officially postponed until 2021 |url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/28946033/tokyo-olympics-officially-postponed-2021 |publisher=ESPN |date=24 March 2020}}</ref>
=== Germany ===
{{Main|2020 coronavirus pandemic in Germany}}
On 27 January 2020, the first COVID-19 case was positively confirmed in ] in Germany.<ref>{{cite web |title=Germany confirms first coronavirus case |url=https://www.foxnews.com/health/germany-confirms-first-coronavirus-case |website=Associated Press |accessdate=8 March 2020 |date=28 January 2020}}</ref>


==== Criticism against Japanese government's responses ====
=== United States ===
{{See also|COVID-19 pandemic in Japan#Controversies and criticisms}}
{{main|2020 coronavirus outbreak in the United States}}
'']'' and '']'' reported that the diplomatic ] worsened, as South Korea criticized Japan's "ambiguous and passive quarantine efforts". <!-- For reference, the quarantine for two weeks is put on ones not only from South Korea but also to everyone arriving from abroad on international flights. So just an assertion. FP and the Guardian are just saying about this. So it has caused little change in Japan-Korea relations. IN SHORT ] -->On 5 March, Japan announced that it would strengthen quarantine for new entrants from China and South Korea and add some areas of Iran to the target area. The Chinese authorities showed their understanding of the decision, but the Japanese media and South Korean government criticized it. The Japanese media said that the decision was too late because they were too careful with China, and the Korean government turned it into a political issue.<!-- For reference, the Japanese mass-media for Japan is similar to CNN for President Trump. IN SHORT ] -->
On 31 January 2020, President ] issued a proclamation limiting entry into the United States, as immigrants or nonimmigrants, of all aliens who were physically present within the People's Republic of China, excluding the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau, during the 14-day period preceding their entry or attempted entry into the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/proclamation-suspension-entry-immigrants-nonimmigrants-persons-pose-risk-transmitting-2019-novel-coronavirus/|title=Proclamation on Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Persons who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus|website=The White House}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus quarantine plans ignite row between South Korea and Japan |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/06/coronavirus-quarantine-plans-ignite-row-between-south-korea-and-japan |work=The Guardian |date=6 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Japan and Korea Won't Let A Pandemic Stop Them Fighting |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/03/12/japan-and-korea-wont-let-a-pandemic-stop-them-fighting/ |work=] |date=12 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.sankeibiz.jp/macro/news/200305/mca2003051511012-n1.htm |title=事実上、中国人と韓国人の入国を制限 イランも新たに対象 |date=5 March 2020|website= SankeiBiz|language=ja|access-date= 6 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/335084 |title=世界的な感染拡大､政府の対応は後手後手に|date=6 March 2020|publisher=東洋経済|language=ja|access-date= 6 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fnn.jp/articles/-/26062 |title=新型コロナウイルス 日本の入国制限に韓国猛反発|date=8 March 2020|publisher=FNNプライム|language=ja|access-date= 6 June 2020}}</ref>


Japan's ] has been criticized for a perceived delayed response. Critics have observed that while Japan announced the first case of infection on 28 January, it took until 17 February for the Health Ministry to inform the public on how to reach public screening centers and 25 February, for the government to issue a "basic policy" on outbreak response. <!-- unsoruced: The overdue response times of the government has led critics to accuse Abe of "callous indifference in the face of an unfolding disaster" and the government as a whole as being "out of touch with the lives of ordinary people that they seem genuinely uninterested in their plight". -->
In the ] state of ], the first six confirmed deaths in the United States were reported in late February 2020, with two deaths and an outbreak at a ] ] in ], Washington, affecting residents, staff, firefighters, and nursing students.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-02-29/coronavirus-california-spread-health-officials|title=California sees third case of 'community spread' coronavirus as first U.S. death is reported near Seattle|date=29 February 2020|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>, '']'', David Oliver, Sara M Moniuszko, Dawn Gilbertson, Hannah Yasharoff, Curtis Tate, and Morgan Hines, 2 March 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2020.</ref> Washington governor ] declared a state of emergency on 28 February after a man there died of COVID-19, the first such reported death in the United States. Florida governor ] also declared a state of emergency.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/coronavirus-cases-unknown-origin-found-west-coast-69301250|title=Washington governor declares state of emergency over virus|publisher=ABC News|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Leins|first=Casey|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/articles/2020-03-02/washington-florida-governors-declare-state-of-emergency-for-coronavirus|title=Washington, Florida Governors Declare State of Emergency for Coronavirus|date=2 March 2020|work=US News and World Report|access-date=2 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/02/29/coronavirus-outbreak-live-updates-oregon-case-italy-level-3-california/4904296002/|title=Washington state declares emergency after first patient dies from coronavirus in US|date=29 February 2020|work=USA Today}}</ref> On 4 March, California governor ] declared a state of emergency after the first death within state borders, in addition to 53 confirmed cases within the state.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Freiman |first1=Jordan |title=California governor declares State of Emergency |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/coronavirus-outbreak-death-toll-us-infections-latest-news-updates-2020-03-04/ |publisher=CBS News |accessdate=5 March 2020}}</ref>


The strict constraints on testing for the virus by Japanese health authorities have drawn accusations from critics such as ], a ] and director of the Medical Governance Research Institute but not an infectious disease expert, towards Abe of wanting to "downplay the number of infections or patients because of the upcoming Olympics."{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}
Major US corporations have imposed employee travel restrictions. Twitter "suspend all non-critical business travel and events". Facebook cancelled its ]. ] cancelled all "non-essential" travel and put in place specific restrictions on travel to China, South Korea, Italy, and Iran. ], who confirmed an employee in the Seattle area tested positive for COVID-19,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/business/amazon/amazon-employee-in-seattle-has-tested-positive-for-illness-caused-by-coronavirus/|title=Amazon employee in Seattle has tested positive for illness caused by coronavirus|last=Ramano|first=Benjamin|date=3 March 2020|website=The Seattle Times|url-status=live|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref> banned nonessential employee travel. ] closed its Oregon headquarters and its European headquarters in Amsterdam "out of an abundance of caution". As required by regulation, large American banks are reviewing emergency plans to ensure that they can continue to operate if conditions worsen; contingency plans include having employees work from their homes, transferring staff to backup offices and even sending staff to offices in other cities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/coronavirus-covid-19-twitter-amazon-nike-google-offices-deep-clean-travel-ban-092211063.html|title=Twitter, Amazon.com, Nike and more take emergency coronavirus precautions|publisher=Yahoo! Finance|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref> Some companies, including ], ], and ], have also encouraged employees to work from home.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Coronavirus-pushes-big-Bay-Area-companies-towards-15105962.php|title=Coronavirus: Microsoft, Square, Twitter encourage employees to work from home|date=5 March 2020|website=San Francisco Chronicle|access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref>

Over a dozen schools in the ] area cancelled classes on 3 March for disinfection and other precautionary measures.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/coronavirus-prompts-dozen-schools-washington-state-close-others-weigh-options-n1145496|title=More schools are closing because of coronavirus. Will that be the norm?|publisher=NBC News|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref> On {{date|6 March}}, the ] cancelled in-person classes. The Seattle-based university is home to 50,000 students.<ref>{{Cite news| issn = 0362-4331| last1 = Baker| first1 = Mike| last2 = Hartocollis| first2 = Anemona| last3 = Weise| first3 = Karen| title = First U.S. Colleges Close Classrooms as Virus Spreads. More Could Follow.| work = The New York Times| accessdate = 2020-03-10| date = 2020-03-06| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/06/us/coronavirus-college-campus-closings.html}}</ref> Multiple public and private schools outside New York City have closed as a result of the virus, including the ] public school districts of ] and ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/ny-hastings-on-hudson-schools-closed-coronavirus-20200305-6n2i74b73be2bpjgxsgxrlwwoi-story.html|title=Hastings-on-Hudson, Mount Vernon schools close to sanitize after coronavirus contact|first=JOHN|last=ANNESE|website=nydailynews.com}}</ref> All schools within the ] in the ] area shut down on 7 March after a case of the virus appeared in ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.egusd.net/pressroom/2020/03/07/media-statement-elk-grove-unified-closes-school-cancels-classes-and-cancels-student-related-activities-effective-march-7-to-march-13-2020/|title=Media Statement: Elk Grove Unified Closes School, Cancels Classes and Cancels Student-Related Activities Effective 7 March to 13 March 2020. {{!}} NEWSROOM|website=blogs.egusd.net|access-date=8 March 2020}}</ref>

By 8 March 2020, the number of deaths in the US had risen to 22, with over 500 cases reported.<ref>, '']'', 9 March 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2020.</ref>

Some Americans seem resentful at being asked to worry, and believe that COVID-19 appears no worse than the flu.<ref name="MarketWatch, so everyone is overreacting, right?, 9 March 2020">
, ''MarketWatch'', Quentin Fottrell, 9 March 2020.</ref>

=== Japan ===
{{main|2020 coronavirus outbreak in Japan}}
On 27 February 2020, Prime Minister ] requested that all Japanese elementary, junior high, and high schools close until early April to help contain the virus.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2020/02/c3c57bbce11d-breaking-news-govt-will-ask-all-schools-in-japan-to-shut-for-virus-fears-abe.html|title=PM Abe asks all schools in Japan to temporarily close over coronavirus|first=KYODO|last=NEWS|website=Kyodo News+}}</ref>


But the fact-checking in some media later reported to proved that it was fake news that 'the number of infected people was being reduced for the Olympics by the government.'<ref>{{cite web|url= https://mainichi.jp/articles/20200328/k00/00m/040/090000c|title=新型コロナ「五輪延期後に検査急増」は本当か 「感染隠蔽」説を検証すると…|date=28 March 2020|website=Mainichi Shimbun |language=ja|access-date= 6 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.buzzfeed.com/jp/yutochiba/tokyo-olympics-pcr |title=「五輪延期決定で検査を抑制する必要がなくなった」は誤り。検査人数が変動した事実はなし|date=31 March 2020|website=BuzzFeed News |language=ja|access-date= 6 June 2020}}</ref>
The outbreak has been a concern for the ] which is scheduled to take place in Tokyo starting at the end of July.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: Tokyo 2020 could be postponed to end of year – Japan's Olympic minister |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/51717839 |publisher=BBC News |date=3 March 2020}}</ref> The Japanese government has thus been taking extra precautions to help minimise the outbreak's impact.<ref name="olympicstokyo">{{cite news |title=Coronavirus could see the Tokyo Olympics cancelled. Is Japan's handling of the outbreak to blame? |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-03/coronavirus-will-the-diamond-princess-sink-japans-olympics-dream/12015202 |publisher=ABC News |date=3 March 2020}}</ref>
Reports that only a small select number of public health facilities were authorized to test for the virus, after which the results could only be processed by five government-approved companies, has created a bottleneck where clinics have been forced to turn away even patients who had high fevers.
This has led some experts to question Japan's official case numbers, with Tobias Harris, of ] Intelligence in Washington, D.C. stating "You wonder, if they were testing nearly as much as South Korea is testing, what would the actual number be? How many cases are lurking and just aren't being caught?"<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Dooley|first1=Ben |last2=Rich|first2=Motoko|last3=Inoue|first3=Makiko |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/29/world/asia/japan-elderly-coronavirus.html|title=In Graying Japan, Many Are Vulnerable but Few Are Being Tested|date=29 February 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=29 February 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-29/japan-s-abe-plans-second-virus-package-of-270-billion-yen|title=Japan's Abe Seeks to Defuse Virus Criticism With Cash, Testing|newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=29 February 2020 |publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|access-date=29 February 2020|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
As mentioned above, there were many articles criticizing the small number of PCR tests in Japan compared to South Korea, mainly in the Japanese and Korean media.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/pyonjiniru/20200319-00168688/ |title=20代の感染者は日本の69人に対して韓国は2301人! PCR検査数の差か？|date=19 March 2020|website= Yahoo!ニュース |language=ja|access-date= 6 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/pyonjiniru/20200305-00166210/ |title=感染者もPCR検査も韓国は日本の17倍!韓国の感染者急増はPCR検査数の差?|date=5 March 2020|website= Yahoo!ニュース |language=ja|access-date= 6 June 2020}}</ref>
However, the number of PCR tests in Japan at that time was actually not small at all. According to data released by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare the Japanese authorities conducted PCR tests of 10,205 as of 13 and 15 March 655 as of 17 March, except for those returning from China by charter flight and passengers on the cruise ship. The number of tests in Japan appears to be small compared to 320,000 in China, 250,000 in South Korea, 86,000 in Italy, and 77,000 in Russia. However, only 30,000 in the UK, 16,000 in Taiwan, and the United States had a higher number of tests than Japan except for that four countries. In terms of population ratio, the ranking was lower, but the number of tests in Japan was still at the average level.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.businessinsider.jp/post-209620 |title=日本のPCR検査は十分か?の疑問を徹底解説。新型コロナウイルス診断現場の実情|date= 18 March 2020|website= Business Insider|language=ja|access-date=6 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://data.wingarc.com/covid-19-tests-25207 |title=データでみる世界各国の新型コロナウイルスの検査状況!|date= 18 March 2020|website= データのじかん|language=ja|access-date=6 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20200318/k10012338031000.html |title=新型コロナウイルスの検査 世界の検査数は？ 日本の現状は？ |date=18 March 2020 |website=NHK |language=ja |access-date=7 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318100245/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20200318/k10012338031000.html |archive-date=18 March 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


The quarantine measures on the cruise ship '']'' has also been criticised, even though there is no obligation under the international law to accept port calls for Japan and except for Japanese nationals on board, there is no obligation in Japan to treat all passengers, and the treatment is a good faith act, and the quarantine was the exercise of provisions in accordance with international and domestic laws.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.fnn.jp/articles/-/25085|title=ダイヤモンド・プリンセス号で現場対応した橋本厚労副大臣が語る"真相" |date=23 March 2020|work=FNNプライム|access-date=7 June 2020|language=ja}}</ref> But Kentaro Iwata, an infectious disease professor at Kobe University Hospital, said that "the condition aboard was completely chaotic" and "violating all infection control principles". Dr. Yoshihiro Takayama, a member of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare who helped Iwata board the ship, said that Iwata had fight with DMAT members about his separate action and was forced to disembark in two hours, so he just looked around the lounge.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://news.biglobe.ne.jp/domestic/0220/blnews_200220_6019516149.html |title=クルーズ船の告発動画、岩田教授を手引した高山医師が事実や誤りを解説|date=20 February 2020|website= BIGLOBE |language=ja|access-date= 6 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://hi-hyou.com/archives/9250 |title=新型肺炎：岩田健太郎教授の告発に反論した高山義浩医師（沖縄県立中部病院）の正論|date=20 February 2020|website= 批評.COM |language=ja|access-date= 6 June 2020}}</ref>
=== Switzerland ===
A preliminary report by Japan's National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) estimated that most of the transmission on the ship had occurred before the quarantine, based on the first 184 cases.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/02/20/national/coronavirus-diamond-princess-before-quarantine/ |last1=Yoshida |first1=Reiji |title=COVID-19 spread on Diamond Princess before quarantine, report suggests|date=20 February 2020|website= Japan Times |access-date= 6 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/special/plus/articles/20200507/index.html|title=調査報告クルーズ船 ウイルス対策のカギは?|date=7 May 2020|website=NHK|language=ja|access-date=6 June 2020|archive-date=12 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512211816/https://www.nhk.or.jp/special/plus/articles/20200507/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{Main|2020 coronavirus pandemic in Switzerland}}
On 22 February, the Health Ministry admitted that 23 passengers were disembarked without being properly tested for the virus.
On 28 February, Switzerland's ] announced an immediate ban on all public and private events involving more than 1000 participants.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/politics/coronavirus_switzerland-bans-events-with-more-than-1-000-people/45585378|title=Switzerland bans major public events to slow spread of virus|author=|website=]|language=en|access-date=29 February 2020}}</ref>
On 23 February, a Japanese woman who tested negative before disembarking from the cruise ship later tested positive after returning to her home in ]. She was not among the 23 passengers. Many passengers who were negative in the PCR test were tested positive after disembarking.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASN2Q7HF0N2QUTIL01L.html|title=クルーズ船下船の乗客に陽性反応 船内検査では陰性|date= 22 February 2020|website=Asahi Shimbun|language=ja|access-date= 6 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASN375RLFN37UBUB00B.html|title=クルーズ船の60代乗客が感染 陽性→2度の陰性→陽性|date= 7 March 2020|website=Asahi Shimbun|language=ja|access-date= 6 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO55906320R20C20A2AM1000/|title=豪乗客2人が帰国後陽性 陰性のクルーズ客、下船終了へ|date= 21 February 2020|website=The Nikkei|language=ja|access-date= 6 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bungeishunju.com/n/n49b0c5bedd39|title=ルポ 豪華客船「船内隔離」14日間の真実|date= 10 March 2020|website=文藝春秋digital|language=ja|access-date= 6 June 2020}}</ref>


=== Philippines === === Philippines ===
{{Main|2020 coronavirus pandemic in the Philippines}} {{Main|Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic}}
The first COVID-19 death outside China occurred in the Philippines on 21 January.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/02/02/20/ph-records-first-death-due-to-new-coronavirus|title=First novel coronavirus death outside China recorded in PH - WHO official|date=3 February 2020|work=ABS-CBN News|access-date=10 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 10 March, the number of confirmed cases in the country is 33.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/10/20/philippines-coronavirus-doh-corrects-tally-35-to-33|title=Oops! DOH reports COVID-19 cases at 35, later corrects figure to 33|publisher=ABS CBN News|date=10 March 2020|accessdate=10 March 2020}}</ref> There are 91 Filipinos abroad who have the disease. On 9 March, ] suspended classes in all levels in Metro Manila from 10 to 15 March.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/253913-new-confirmed-novel-coronavirus-cases-march-9-2020|title=Duterte announces 4 more novel coronavirus cases in PH|date=9 February 2020|work=Rappler|access-date=10 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The first COVID-19 death outside China occurred in the Philippines on 1 February.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/02/02/20/ph-records-first-death-due-to-new-coronavirus|title=First novel coronavirus death outside China recorded in PH – WHO official|date=3 February 2020|work=ABS-CBN News|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref>


The class suspension in Metro Manila was extended to April 12, 2020, following the decision of concerned authorities to raise the COVID-19 alert level in the country to Code Red Sublevel 2. Work in the executive branch of the government was also suspended for the same period as part of the Stringent Social Distancing Measures in the National Capital Region (NCR)<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://pia.gov.ph/press-releases/releases/1036193|title=Statement of Presidential Spokesperson Salvador Panelo on Code Red Sublevel 2|date=12 March 2020|work=Philippine Information Agency|access-date=13 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>, with the directive for the concerned government agencies to form skeletal forces to ensure the delivery of basic services. Congress and the Judiciary were encouraged to do the same. Agencies providing law enforcement services, health services, and emergency services were enjoined to continue to operate at full capacity. On 9 March 2020, President ] suspended classes in all levels in Metro Manila from 10 to 15 March.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/253913-new-confirmed-novel-coronavirus-cases-march-9-2020|title=Duterte announces 4 more novel coronavirus cases in PH|date=9 February 2020|work=Rappler|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> The class suspension in Metro Manila was extended to 12 April, following the decision of concerned authorities to raise the COVID-19 alert level in the country to Code Red Sublevel 2. Work in the executive branch of the government was also suspended for the same period as part of the Stringent Social Distancing Measures in the National Capital Region (NCR),<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://pia.gov.ph/press-releases/releases/1036193|title=Statement of Presidential Spokesperson Salvador Panelo on Code Red Sublevel 2|date=12 March 2020|work=Philippine Information Agency|access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref> with the directive for the concerned government agencies to form skeletal forces to ensure the delivery of basic services. Congress and the Judiciary were encouraged to do the same. Agencies providing law enforcement services, health services, and emergency services were enjoined to continue to operate at full capacity.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}


Other salient directives, contained in a resolution adopted by the Inter-Agency Task Force on the Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF-EID) and announced by the Philippine President on March 12, 2020 at the Heroes Hall in ]<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1036195|title=PRRD orders 'stringent social distancing measures' in NCR|date=12 March 2020|work=Philippine Information Agency|access-date=13 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>, include: Other salient directives, contained in a resolution adopted by the ] (IATF-EID) and announced by the Philippine President on 12 March, at the Heroes Hall in ],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1036195|title=PRRD orders 'stringent social distancing measures' in NCR|date=12 March 2020|work=Philippine Information Agency|access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref> included, the prohibition of mass gatherings that could strain the resources of the host community, imposition of community quarantine over ], and encouragement of flexible work arrangements for the private sector among others.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}


A memorandum containing the guidelines for stringent social distancing measures and the management of COVID-19 in the National Capital Region<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2020/03/13/memorandum-from-the-executive-secretary-on-stringent-social-distancing-measures-and-further-guidelines-for-the-management-of-the-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-situation/|title=Memorandum from the Executive Secretary On Stringent Social Distancing Measures and Further Guidelines for the Management of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Situation|date=13 March 2020|work=Official Gazette GOV.PH|access-date=15 March 2020|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331193316/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2020/03/13/memorandum-from-the-executive-secretary-on-stringent-social-distancing-measures-and-further-guidelines-for-the-management-of-the-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-situation/|url-status=dead}}</ref> was issued by Executive Secretary ] by order of the president on 13 March. Among the directives embodied in the memorandum were suspension of classes and all school activities until 14 April, prohibition of mass gatherings, imposition of strict social distancing during essential meetings and religious activities, and provisions for alternative and/or flexible work arrangements.{{fact|date=August 2022}}
# the prohibition of mass gatherings that could strain the resources of the host community,
# the imposition of community quarantine over ], with guidelines issued to Local Government Units outside Metro Manila for the imposition of community quarantine in their respective localities,
# encouragement of flexible work arrangements for the private sector, subject to guidelines from the ] and the ],
# the continued operation of mass public transport within Metro Manila (such as ], ], and ]), as well as of manufacturing, retail and service establishments, but with the proviso to enforce strict social distancing, and
# suspension of land, domestic air, and domestic sea travel to and from Metro Manila from March 15 to April 12, 2020.


On 16 March, the president signed Proclamation No. 929<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2020/03/16/proclamation-no-929-s-2020/|title=Proclamation No. 929 s. 2020 Declaring a State of Calamity Throughout the Philippines due to Corona Virus Disease 2019|date=17 March 2020|publisher=Official Gazette GOV.PH|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331193321/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2020/03/16/proclamation-no-929-s-2020/|url-status=dead}}</ref> declaring a state of calamity throughout the country for a period of six months, bringing into effect the price control of basic needs and commodities, granting of interest-free loans, distribution of calamity funds and hazard allowance for public health workers and government personnel in the fields of science and technology.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/laginghanda/dagling-paliwanag-ano-ang-state-of-calamity/|title=Dagling Paliwanag: Ano ang State of Calamity?|publisher=Official Gazette GOV.PH|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331193323/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/laginghanda/dagling-paliwanag-ano-ang-state-of-calamity/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
On March 13, 2020, a memorandum containing the guidelines for stringent social distancing measures and the management of COVID-19 in the National Capital Region<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2020/03/13/memorandum-from-the-executive-secretary-on-stringent-social-distancing-measures-and-further-guidelines-for-the-management-of-the-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-situation/|title=Memorandum from the Executive Secretary On Stringent Social Distancing Measures and Further Guidelines for the Management of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Situation|date=13 March 2020|work=Official Gazette GOV.PH|access-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> was issued by Executive Secretary ] by order of the president. Among the directives embodied in the memorandum were:
* suspension of classes and all school activities until April 14, 2020,
* prohibition of mass gatherings including "movie screenings, concerts, sports events and other entertainment activities, community assemblies, and non-essential work-related gatherings."
* imposition of strict social distancing - at least 1 meter radius between and among attendees - during essential meetings and religious activities, and
* provisions for alternative and/or flexible work arrangements.


President Duterte also placed the island of ] (including its associated islands) under ] on 16 March<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.facebook.com/CNNPhilippines/videos/cnn-philippines-special-coverage-president-rodrigo-duterte-orders-enhanced-commu/515691529377942/|title=CNN PHILIPPINES SPECIAL COVERAGE: President Rodrigo Duterte orders 'enhanced community quarantine' in Luzon|date=16 March 2020|publisher=CNN Philippines|work=Facebook|access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref> that further restricted the movement of people through the suspension of mass public transport and the closure of non-essential establishments. Business Process Outsourcing and export-oriented businesses were allowed to continue operation subject to certain conditions. Relevant government agencies were ordered to provide social amelioration measures.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2020/03/16/memorandum-from-the-executive-secretary-on-community-quarantine-over-the-entire-luzon-and-further-guidelines-for-the-management-of-the-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-situation/|title=Memorandum from the Executive Secretary On Community Quarantine Over the Entire Luzon and Further Guidelines for the Management of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation|date=16 March 2020|work=Official Gazette GOV.PH|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927152020/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2020/03/16/memorandum-from-the-executive-secretary-on-community-quarantine-over-the-entire-luzon-and-further-guidelines-for-the-management-of-the-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-situation//|url-status=dead}}</ref> Following the sharp increase of confirmed cases, President Duterte called Congress to a special session to "authorize the President to exercise powers necessary to carry out urgent measures to meet the current national emergency related to the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1097429|title=Duterte seeks 'more powers,' urgent measures vs. Covid-19|date=22 March 2020|work=Philippine News Agency|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref>
==== Region I - Ilocos Region ====
===== Province of Ilocos Norte =====
On March 13, 2020, ] Governor ] issued Executive Order No. 59-20 which suspended classes in private and public institutions indefinitely and mandated the duties of school officials/administrators and parents/guardians, which included the adoption of and participation in alternative measures for course completion<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://www.facebook.com/MatthewMarcosManotoc/posts/2254794861494403|title=Executive Order No. 59-20, Series of 2020, Office of the Governor, Province of Ilocos Norte|date=13 March 2020|work=Facebook|access-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>.
On March 14, 2020, he signed Executive Order No. 60-20 which placed the province under community quarantine<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://www.facebook.com/MatthewMarcosManotoc/posts/2255781534729069|title=Executive Order No. 60-20, Series of 2020, Office of the Governor, Province of Ilocos Norte|date=15 March 2020|work=Facebook|access-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>. The order activated Task Force Salun-at, which was previously institutionalized under Executive Order No. 51-20<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://www.facebook.com/MatthewMarcosManotoc/posts/2238629899777566|title=Executive Order No. 51-20, Series of 2020, Office of the Governor, Province of Ilocos Norte|date=20 February 2020|work=Facebook|access-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>. Under the provisions of Executive Order No. 60-20, Task Force Salun-at was given authority over the province to deny entry to certain individuals based on criteria specified in the order, and enforce checking of individuals seeking entry and required clearance, endorsement, quarantine, and monitoring. The executive order also included provisions for the:
* regulation of ports and borders;
* the preparation of health information forms,
* personal and public preventive measures,
* identification of of quarantine areas,
* prohibition of hoarding, reselling, and price spikes, and
* prohibition of the spreading of fake news.


===== Province of Ilocos Sur ===== === South Korea ===
{{Main|COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea}}
In the northern Philippine province of ], ] issued Executive Order No. 12<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://www.facebook.com/ryanluisvsingsonofficial/photos/a.238837419489519/3063385213701378/|title=Executive Order No. 12, Series of 2020, Office of the Governor, Province of Ilocos Sur|date=12 March 2020|work=Facebook|access-date=13 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and Executive Order No. 13<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://www.facebook.com/ryanluisvsingsonofficial/photos/a.238837419489519/3064810423558857/|title=Executive Order No. 13, Series of 2020, Office of the Governor, Province of Ilocos Sur|date=13 March 2020|work=Facebook|access-date=13 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>, on March 12 and 13, 2020, respectively. The executive orders mandated the suspension of classes in all levels from March 13 to April 12, 2020, as well as the suspension of other school activities that involve the gathering of crowds, at both public and private schools in the province.
The first confirmed case of COVID-19 was identified with a 35-year-old Chinese woman on 20 January. The first South Korean national to be infected occurred three days later was a 55-year-old man who worked in Wuhan and returned for a checkup with flu symptoms. The two infection reports were publicly released on 24 January. The sixth patient was the first case in South Korea who had never visited Wuhan. The 56-year-old man caught the virus when visiting a restaurant with the third patient.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}
]
A woman, who had returned from ] after a five-day vacation, was tested positive and confirmed as the sixteenth case on 4 February.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/coronavirus-south-korean-woman-travelling-home-from-thailand-tests-positive-for-virus|title=Coronavirus: South Korean woman travelling home from Thailand tests positive for virus|date=4 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204092646/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/coronavirus-south-korean-woman-travelling-home-from-thailand-tests-positive-for-virus|archive-date=4 February 2020|access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref> Three more cases were confirmed on 5 February, bringing the total case count to 19. The seventeenth and nineteenth patients had attended a conference in Singapore and been in contact with an infected person there.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://yna.kr/AEN20200205002356320|title=3 More Virus Cases Bring S. Korea's Total to 19, Two Confirmed after Trip to Singapore|date=5 February 2020|website=Yonhap|access-date=5 February 2020}}</ref> The very same day the ] (KCDC) announced that the second patient had been released from hospital after being tested negative in consecutive tests, becoming the country's first COVID-19 patient to fully recover.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200205006252320|title=S. Korea Releases First Fully Recovered Coronavirus Patient from Hospital|date=5 February 2020|work=Yonhap News Agency|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205133506/https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200205006252320|archive-date=5 February 2020|access-date=5 February 2020}}</ref>


On 19 February, the number of confirmed cases increased by 20. On 20 February 70 new cases were confirmed,<ref name="ThomReut_SKorea_zombie">{{cite news|last1=Shin|first1=Hyonhee|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-southkorea-cases/like-a-zombie-apocalypse-residents-on-edge-as-coronavirus-cases-surge-in-south-korea-idUSKBN20E04F|title='Like a zombie apocalypse': Residents on edge as coronavirus cases surge in South Korea|date=20 February 2020|access-date=20 February 2020|url-status=live <!-- live|dead|unfit|usurped -->|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200220113906/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-southkorea-cases/like-a-zombie-apocalypse-residents-on-edge-as-coronavirus-cases-surge-in-south-korea-idUSKBN20E04F|archive-date=20 February 2020|work=]|last2=Cha|first2=Sangmi|trans-title=<!-- trans-title is the English translation -->|url-access=<!-- (subscription/registration/limited) default=free -->}}</ref> giving a total of 104 confirmed cases, according to the KCDC. According to '']'', KCDC attributed the sudden jump to 70 cases linked to "Patient No. 31", who had participated in a gathering in ] at the ].<ref name="ThomReut_SKorea_zombie" />
=== India ===
{{Main|2020 coronavirus pandemic in India}}
The Indian government airlifted 324 of its citizens from China on 31 January and 1 February via Air India special chartered flights.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/india/1803713/air-india-pilot-recalls-wuhan-coronavirus-evacuation-mission/|title=Air India pilot recalls the "deathly quiet" in Wuhan amidst coronavirus evacuation|last=Sharma|first=Niharika|website=Quartz India|language=en|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref> After Pakistan's refusal to evacuate its students from Wuhan, the Indian government offered to support them with evacuation along with citizens of other neighbouring countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-had-offered-to-evacuate-pakistani-students-from-coronavirus-hit-wuhan-jaishankar-tells-rajya-sabha-1644278-2020-02-07|title=India had offered to evacuate Pakistani students from coronavirus-hit Wuhan, Jaishankar tells Rajya Sabha|last=Delhi7 February|first=India Today Web Desk New|last2=7 February|first2=2020UPDATED|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2020-03-09|last3=Ist|first3=2020 18:50}}</ref> On 17 February, India announced a special ] flight carrying medical supplies to support China in Wuhan and evacuating citizens of India and neighbouring countries. India eventually evacuated 647 people including citizens of Maldives and Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chaudhury|first=Dipanjan Roy|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/china-delaying-permission-to-india-to-send-flight-carrying-relief-materials-to-wuhan/articleshow/74252370.cms?from=mdr|title=Chinese wall stopping evacuation of Indian nationals from Wuhan|date=2020-02-22|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref>


On 20 February, the streets of Daegu were empty in reaction to the Shincheonji outbreak. A resident described the reaction, stating "It's like someone dropped a bomb in the middle of the city. It looks like a zombie apocalypse."<ref name="ThomReut_SKorea_zombie" /> The first death was reported<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/south-korea-reports-first-coronavirus-death-infections-linked-church-rise-n1139821|title=South Korea reports first coronavirus death as infections linked to church rise|date=20 February 2020 |publisher=NBC News|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref> in a mental ward of Cheongdo Daenam Hospital in ]. According to the mayor of Daegu, the number of suspected cases as of 21 February was 544 among 4,400 examined followers of the church.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2020/02/21/2020022101558.html|title=신천지 관련 확진자 76명으로 늘어...대구 교인 의심자만 544명|language=ko|trans-title=The number of Shincheonji related doctors will increase to 74 ... Daegu members only 544|date=21 February 2020|publisher=Chosun.com}}</ref> The hospital was suspected as the source of the present outbreak after it was visited by a woman who became the second fatal case of Korea on that day. The infection spread outside via a funeral ceremony attended by members of the church.<ref name="b82186">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51582186|title=South Korea virus 'emergency' as cases increase|date=21 February 2020|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Han-soo|url=http://www.koreabiomed.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=7489|title=COVID-19 patients soar to 204 in Korea|date=21 February 2020|work=Korea Biomedical Review|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref>
==See also==
*


All South Korean military bases were on lockdown after tests confirmed that three soldiers were indeed positive for the virus.<ref name="b82186" /> Airlines cut connections and cultural schedules were being cancelled due to fears of further spread.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20200221000249|title=Airlines to suspend more flights over coronavirus|date=21 February 2020|work=The Korea Herald|access-date=21 February 2020|agency=Yonhap}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Song|first1=Seung-hyun|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20200221000554|title=Foreign artists delay concerts in Korea due to spread of COVID-19|date=21 February 2020|work=The Korea Herald|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref> ] raised the alert level from low to moderate and cut off non-essential travel to and from USFK Daegu.<ref name="MT">{{Cite web|url=https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2020/02/19/us-forces-korea-imposes-new-coronavirus-protections-after-uptick-in-s-korea-cases/|title=US Forces Korea imposes new coronavirus protections after uptick in S Korea cases|date=19 February 2020}}</ref> USFK Daegu's school facilities were closed and non-essential personnel were ordered to stay at home while any visitors going there were not allowed to enter.<ref name="MT" /> USFK announced that the widow of a retired soldier who was in Daegu was diagnosed to be positive for the virus on 24 February.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stripes.com/news/pacific/usfk-dependent-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-putting-military-on-high-alert-in-south-korea-1.620023|title=USFK dependent tests positive for coronavirus, putting military on high alert in South Korea|website=Stars and Stripes}}</ref> ] enacted virus detection protocols, including temperature checks and raised the alert level to high.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/us-forces-korea-high-alert-for-coronavirus-after-positive-test-2020-2|title=US troops in Korea are on high alert for coronavirus after widow of retired soldier tests positive|first=David|last=Roza|website=Business Insider}}</ref> On 26 February, an American soldier based at Camp Carroll was diagnosed to be positive and was quarantined away from bases via off-base housing unit<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-southkorea/us-soldier-infected-as-south-korea-coronavirus-cases-rise-above-1260-idUSKCN20K045|title=U.S. Soldier infected as South Korea coronavirus cases rise above 1,260|date=26 February 2020|work=Reuters}}</ref> with ] done that showed his movements to Camp Walker.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/south-korea-coronavirus-cases-continue-to-soar-towns-sealed-off-in-northern-italy-2020-02-25|title=First U.S. soldier in South Korea tests positive for coronavirus; towns sealed off in northern Italy|agency=Associated Press|website=MarketWatch}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=JHMap>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases by Johns Hopkins CSSE |url=https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6 |publisher=] (JHU)|website=gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com |accessdate=9 March 2020}}</ref>


] in South Korea on 6&nbsp;March]]
<ref name="SCMP 20200206">{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3049298/coronavirus-zhejiang-adopts-draconian-quarantine-measures-fight|title=Coronavirus: Shanghai neighbour Zhejiang imposes draconian quarantine|date=6 February 2020|website=]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206112642/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3049298/coronavirus-zhejiang-adopts-draconian-quarantine-measures-fight|archive-date=6 February 2020|access-date=8 February 2020}}</ref>


As of 22 February, among 9,336 followers of the church, 1,261 reported symptoms.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.mohw.go.kr/react/al/sal0301vw.jsp?PAR_MENU_ID=04&MENU_ID=0403&page=1&CONT_SEQ=353047&SEARCHKEY=TITLE&SEARCHVALUE=코로나바이러 |title=코로나바이러스감염증-19 국내 발생 현황 (2월 22일 09시) |date=22 February 2020}}</ref> At the time, 169 confirmed cases involved the church and another 111 came from the Cheongdo Daenam Hospital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cdc.go.kr/|title=질병관리본부|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Korea}}</ref> 23 February saw another 123 cases with 75 being from Shincheonji<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=a30402000000&bid=0030&act=view&list_no=366303&tag=&nPage=1|title=123 additional cases have been confirmed|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=23 February 2020|website=]|access-date=24 February 2020|archive-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226132753/https://www.cdc.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=a30402000000&bid=0030&act=view&list_no=366303&tag=&nPage=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> and 24 February saw 161 additional cases with 129 being from the religious group. Over 27,000 people have been tested for the virus with 19,127 negative results.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=a30402000000&bid=0030&act=view&list_no=366323&tag=&nPage=1|title=161 additional cases have been confirmed|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=24 February 2020|website=]|access-date=24 February 2020|archive-date=24 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224201926/https://www.cdc.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=a30402000000&bid=0030&act=view&list_no=366323&tag=&nPage=1|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoDW-67">{{Cite journal |last=Cohen |first=Jon |date=26 January 2020 |title=Wuhan seafood market may not be source of novel virus spreading globally |url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/01/wuhan-seafood-market-may-not-be-source-novel-virus-spreading-globally |journal=Science |doi=10.1126/science.abb0611 |access-date=8 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127161200/https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/01/wuhan-seafood-market-may-not-be-source-novel-virus-spreading-globally |archive-date=27 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>


On 24 February 15 countries imposed travel restrictions to and from South Korea.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/asia/live-news/coronavirus-outbreak-02-24-20-hnk-intl/h_303decf2bc32dd08ce587a7e9f3efafd|title=15 countries have travel restrictions on South Korea|date=24 February 2020|publisher=CNN|access-date=24 February 2020}}</ref> It was also reported that a senior health official overseeing the COVID-19 efforts in Daegu tested positive and was also a member of Shincheonji.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/health-environment/article/3052129/coronavirus-infected-health-official-leading-south|title=Coronavirus: infected health official leading South Korea's fight against Covid-19 is member of Shincheonji Church of Jesus doomsday cult|last=Park|first=Chan-kyong|date=24 February 2020|website=]|access-date=25 February 2020|quote=Official in charge of fight against the virus in western Daegu admits being member of cult after testing positive; 50 coworkers quarantined}}</ref><ref name=":750tested">{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-02-27/south-korea-coronavirus-cases-surveillance|title=Were you on this bus with a coronavirus patient? South Korea is on the hunt for infections|last=Kim|first=Victoria|date=27 February 2020|website=]|access-date=28 February 2020|quote=Even a public health official in charge of infection prevention in Seo-gu in Daegu was revealed to be a member of the church after he was diagnosed with the virus. Many members hide their affiliation with the controversial church. More than 750,000 signed a petition to the South Korean president urging that the church be disbanded. Authorities in Gyeonggi province raided the group's headquarters in the city of Gwacheon, alleging that the church had been slow to turn over its list of members. South Korean officials said they would track down and test all 245,000 members of the church.}}</ref> Within a few days, a petition to the nation's president urging for the disbandment of the church had over 750,000 signatures. Their headquarters in ] was raided by law enforcement; government officials said all 245,000 members of the religious group would be found and tested.<ref name=":750tested" /> On 28 February, over 2,000 confirmed cases were reported,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=a30402000000&bid=0030|title=The Updates of COVID-19 in Republic of Korea As of 28 February, 2020|author=<!--Not stated-->|website=]|access-date=28 February 2020|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229165533/https://www.cdc.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=a30402000000&bid=0030|url-status=dead}}</ref> rising to 3,150 on 29 February.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://seekingalpha.com/news/3547240-south-korea-reports-record-jump-in-coronavirus-cases|title=South Korea reports a record jump in coronavirus cases|last=Hoffmann|first=SA Eli|date=29 February 2020|website=Seeking Alpha|access-date=1 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoDW-68">{{cite web |url=http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/front/web/showDetail/2019123108989 |script-title=zh:武汉市卫健委关于当前我市肺炎疫情的情况通报 |date=31 December 2019 |website=Wuhan Municipal Health Commission |access-date=8 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109215413/http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/front/web/showDetail/2019123108989 |archive-date=9 January 2020 |url-status=live|language=Chinese}}</ref>


On 8 March, ] in South Korea announced that 79.4% of confirmed COVID-19 cases were related to group infection. KCDC also announced that outbreak associated with ] totaled 4,482 infections, accounting for 62.8% of the total confirmed cases.<ref>{{cite news|script-title=ko: 서울백병원 환자 1명 확진…"대구 거주 숨기고 내원" |url=https://news.joins.com/article/23724705 |work=] |language=ko-kr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2024/05/113_285870.html|title=New cases of infections drop for third day|date=9 March 2020|website=]|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310190619/https://m.koreatimes.co.kr/pages/article.asp?newsIdx=285870|archive-date=10 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> 13 March was the first time since the outbreak on 20 January in which the number of recoveries, 177, was larger than the number of those who newly tested positive, 110.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.mk.co.kr/news/it/view/2020/03/265693 |title= 코로나 '골든크로스'…완치>신규 확진자 |author1= 서진우 |author2= 이석희 |author3= 우성덕 |date= 13 March 2020 |website= 매일경제 MBN |access-date= 17 March 2020 |language=ko |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200319095345/https://www.mk.co.kr/news/it/view/2020/03/265693/ |archive-date= 19 March 2020 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.donga.com/news/article/all/20200315/100164765/1 |title= 대구서 코로나19 확진자 보다 완치자 많은 '골든크로스' 확연 |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 15 March 2020 |website= DongA |access-date= 17 March 2020 |language=ko |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200315182415/http://www.donga.com/news/article/all/20200315/100164765/1 |archive-date= 15 March 2020 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.newdaily.co.kr/site/data/html/2020/03/15/2020031500028.html |title= 15일 우한코로나 확진자 8162명…'골든 크로스' 사흘째 |author= 김동우 |date= 15 March 2020 |website= New Daily |access-date= 17 March 2020 |language=ko |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200319095344/http://www.newdaily.co.kr/site/data/html/2020/03/15/2020031500028.html |archive-date= 19 March 2020 |url-status= live}}</ref> <!--- This part is an analysis from South Korean media, please do not delete this section without any farther discussion on the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea talk page--->
<ref name="AutoDW-69">{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/westernpacific/emergencies/novel-coronavirus |title=Novel Coronavirus |publisher=] (WHO) |access-date=6 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202151307/https://www.who.int/westernpacific/emergencies/novel-coronavirus |archive-date=2 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>


As infection rates have risen outside Korea leading to increases of sick arriving in the country (476 of 9,661 cases were imported as of 30 March), the KCDC implemented stronger infectious disease control measures for travelers coming from overseas as of 1 April.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.cdc.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=a30402000000&bid=0030&act=view&list_no=366687&tag=&nPage=2 |title= The updates on COVID-19 in Korea as of 30 March |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 30 March 2020 |website= ] |access-date= 31 March 2020 }}</ref> By 9 April 2020, South Korea had about 10,423 cases and 204 deaths,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/south-korea/|title=Coronavirus South Korea|website=Worldometer|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317173023/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/south-korea/|archive-date=17 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> with over 494,711 people having been tested, a ] of 1.95%, which is lower than the WHO's global case fatality rate of 4.34%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coronaboard.kr/en/|title=COVID-19 Realtime Dashboard|website=COVID-19 Realtime Dashboard|access-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324053131/https://coronaboard.kr/en/|archive-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="Xi's meeting">{{cite news |script-title=zh:习近平：在中央政治局常委会会议研究应对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情工作时的讲话 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/leaders/2020-02/15/c_1125578886.htm |access-date=15 February 2020 |date=15 February 2020 |language=zh-cn |agency=Xinhua News Agency}}</ref>


Seeing the ] on COVID-19 information starting in China and spreading to Korea and the US, fake news researcher ] of ] and the ], along with researchers from ], started the multilingual Facts Before Rumors campaign to separate common claims seen online.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.ibs.re.kr/cop/bbs/BBSMSTR_000000000739/selectBoardArticle.do?nttId=18241 |title= "Fact before rumors" campaign just began by the IBS Data Science Group |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 26 March 2020 |website= ] |access-date= 31 March 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.ibs.re.kr/cop/bbs/BBSMSTR_000000000971/selectBoardArticle.do?nttId=18234&pageIndex=1&searchCnd=&searchWrd= |title= 코로나바이러스와 인포데믹 |first=Cha|last=Meeyoung|author-link=Cha Meeyoung |date= 24 March 2020 |website= ] |access-date= 30 March 2020 |language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://dongascience.donga.com/news.php?idx=35457 |title= "동남아·남미 코로나 가짜뉴스 막고 '진짜뉴스' 전하자" 국내 과학자 팔 걷어 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 25 March 2020 |website= Donga Science |access-date= 30 March 2020 |language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.hankyung.com/opinion/article/2020032509531 |title= '인포데믹'의 시대 |author= <!--Not stated--> |date= 25 March 2020 |website= 한국경제 |access-date= 30 March 2020 |language=ko |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200407011112/https://www.hankyung.com/opinion/article/2020032509531 |archive-date= 7 April 2020 |url-status= live}}</ref>
<ref name="Xi's meeting 2">{{Cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/15/world/asia/coronavirus-china-live-updates.html |title= Xi began fighting the virus earlier than previously known, a newly published speech indicates. |date=15 February 2020 |work=] |access-date= 24 February 2020}}</ref>


By 17 April, the KCDC stated that it knew of 163 patients who were said to have recovered, but again tested positive. The exact cause was not known but they stated several possibilities.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/04/17/836747242/in-south-korea-a-growing-number-of-covid-19-patients-test-positive-after-recovery |title= In South Korea, A Growing Number Of COVID-19 Patients Test Positive After Recovery |author= Se Eun Gong |date= 17 April 2020 |website= NPR |access-date= 20 April 2020 }}</ref> After several days with new infections numbering in the single digits (18, 20, 22 April), the government announced it was going to start lifting restrictions starting with stores, restaurants, gyms, ], bars, and religious services; which is notable as most of the nation's infections came from places of worship. In coming weeks, arboretums, forests and national parks will begin to open with social distancing still in place until at least early May. After seeing Korea successfully lower cases of infection, President ] has engaged in "coronavirus diplomacy" with leaders of other nations, part of which involved exporting test kits to more than 20 countries.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/23/test-trace-contain-how-south-korea-flattened-its-coronavirus-curve |title= Test, trace, contain: how South Korea flattened its coronavirus curve |first= Justin |last= McCurry |date= 23 April 2020 |website= The Guardian |access-date= 24 April 2020 }}</ref> On 26 April, confirmed patient number 31 in Daegu was discharged after 67 days.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&oid=028&aid=0002495062&sid1=001|title=대구 지역 코로나19 '31번째 확진자', 67일 만에 퇴원|website=news.naver.com|language=ko|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoDW-70">{{cite web |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/who-is-holding-an-emergency-meeting-on-the-human-to-human-virus-spreading-in-asia |title=Officials Just Confirmed China's Mystery Virus Spreads by Human to Human Transmission |last=AFP |first=Laurent Thomet and Eva Xiao |website=ScienceAlert |access-date=6 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128150839/https://www.sciencealert.com/who-is-holding-an-emergency-meeting-on-the-human-to-human-virus-spreading-in-asia |archive-date=28 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoDW-71">{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/19/asia/china-coronavirus-spike-intl-hnk/index.html |title=China confirms Wuhan virus can be spread by humans |publisher=CNN |first1= James|last1=Griffiths|first2= Nectar|last2= Gan|date=22 January 2020}}</ref>


==== Criticism against South Korean government's responses ====
<ref name="channelnewsasia12306684">{{Cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/wuhan-virus-quarantine-city-flights-trains-china-12306684|title=China halts flights and trains out of Wuhan as WHO extends talks|date=23 January 2020|access-date=23 January 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123054228/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/wuhan-virus-quarantine-city-flights-trains-china-12306684|archive-date=23 January 2020|publisher=Channel NewsAsia}}</ref>
The ] has been criticized for unilaterally implementing ] and prescription without discussing with the ], and for not restricting traffic from China despite several warnings from the association and a petition proposed by the society.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}


On 22 February, the South Korean government apologized for calling the virus "] Corona 19" in an official report. The term has been widespread on social media and raises concerns about discrimination.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}
<ref name="abc11902006">{{cite web |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-01-26/australians-in-coronavirus-epicentre-wuhan-trying-to-get-out/11902006 |title='No-one in the family knows what to do': Over 100 Australian children trapped in Wuhan coronavirus area |last=Xiao |first=Bang |date=26 January 2020 |website=ABC News-AU |access-date=26 January 2020}}</ref>


More than 1.5 million South Koreans have signed a ] to ] President ] over what they claim is the government's mishandling of the outbreak.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kim |first1=Suki |title=How South Korea Lost Control of Its Coronavirus Outbreak |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/how-south-korea-lost-control-of-its-coronavirus-outbreak |magazine=The New Yorker |date=4 March 2020}}</ref> On 6 March, the South Korean government has only entry restricted to Japanese citizens out of 102 countries that blocked Korea. The action has been widespread on social media and raises concerns about ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2020/03/06/2020030603059.html|title= 日 뒤늦게라도 中 차단, 세계고립 우리는 日에만 분노|date=7 March 2020|website=news.chosun.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20200307-00010006-fnnprimev-kr|title=日本の入国制限に韓国激怒、矛盾だらけの"反日"対抗策（FNN.jpプライムオンライン）|website=Yahoo!ニュース|access-date=22 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317224103/https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20200307-00010006-fnnprimev-kr|archive-date=17 March 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="Premier leading">{{cite news |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/26/c_138735589.htm |title=China to extend Spring Festival holiday to contain coronavirus outbreak |date=26 January 2020 |location=Beijing |agency=]}}</ref>


=== Turkey ===
<ref name="Premier visiting">{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-premier/chinese-premier-li-visits-wuhan-epicenter-of-virus-outbreak-idUSKBN1ZQ08G |title=Chinese Premier Li visits Wuhan, epicenter of virus outbreak |date=27 January 2020 |location=Beijing |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127113616/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-premier/chinese-premier-li-visits-wuhan-epicenter-of-virus-outbreak-idUSKBN1ZQ08G |archive-date=27 January 2020 |access-date=27 January 2020 |agency=]}}</ref>
{{main|COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey}}
On 10 January 2020, ignoring ]'s insistence on the lack of evidence for human-to-human transmission, ] experts stated that they suspected that ] was transmitted among people, and accordingly set up the ].<ref name="h1">{{Cite news |url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/bilim-kurulu-nedir-saglik-bakanligi-bilim-kurulu-uyeleri-kimlerdir-41478813 |title=Bilim Kurulu nedir? Sağlık Bakanlığı Bilim Kurulu üyeleri kimlerdir? |date=26 March 2020 |work=] |access-date=28 March 2020 |language=tr}}</ref> 26 experts in ] and ] originally comprised ],<ref name="a1">{{Cite news |url=https://www.aksam.com.tr/guncel/son-dakikia-bilim-kurulu-toplantisi-ne-zaman-koronavirus-bilim-kurulu-ne-zaman-kuruldu-uye/haber-1056513 |title=Koranavirüs Bilim Kurulu ne zaman kuruldu, üyeleri kimlerdir? İşte Bilim Kurulu ile ilgili merak edilenler... |date=26 March 2020 |work=] |access-date=26 March 2020 |language=tr}}</ref> which was subsequently enlarged to include five additional experts in ], ], and ].<ref name="h1" /> The board put forward voluntary recommendations while the government issued legal restrictions for businesses and public gatherings.<ref name="a1" /><ref name="ds1">{{Cite news |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/turkey-remains-firm-calm-as-first-coronavirus-case-confirmed/news |title=Turkey remains firm, calm as first coronavirus case confirmed |date=11 March 2020 |work=] |access-date=26 March 2020}}</ref>


In the early hours of 11 March 2020 (]), the ] ] announced that a Turkish man who had contracted the virus while travelling in Europe was the country's first confirmed COVID-19 case.<ref name="daily.sabah.1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/turkey-confirms-first-coronavirus-case-a-man-back-from-europe/news |title=Turkey confirms first coronavirus patient, recently returned from Europe |date=11 March 2020 |publisher=Daily Sabah |access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> The patient had been placed in isolation at an undisclosed hospital, and family members of the patient were put under observation.<ref name="daily.sabah.1" />
<ref name="AutoDW-72">{{cite web |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202001/27/WS5e2e0f0ea31012821727356b.html |title=China's State Council extends Spring Festival holiday – Chinadaily.com.cn |last=李雪晴 |website=China Daily |access-date=7 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131133341/https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202001/27/WS5e2e0f0ea31012821727356b.html |archive-date=31 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>


On 12 March 2020, the ] announced that with the exception of schools catering to students with special needs, all schools<ref name="Aa.com.tr">{{Cite web |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/koronavirus/ibrahim-kalin-koronavirus-toplantisinda-alinan-tedbirleri-acikladi/1763918 |title=İbrahim Kalın 'koronavirüs' toplantısında alınan tedbirleri açıkladı |date=12 March 2020 |publisher=Aa.com.tr |access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref> in ] would close starting on 16 March 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://twitter.com/AACanli/status/1238164782693449728 |title=Milli Eğitim Bakanı Selçuk'tan eğitimde koronavirüs önlemlerine ilişkin açıklama |access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref> Given the intense learning needs of students with disabilities, the ] announced that elementary-, middle- and high-school students with special needs will continue to have in-person attendance in fixed small groups, with adults rotating into the class, so as to facilitate ].<ref name="twitter.com">{{Cite web |url=https://twitter.com/AACanli/status/1238165310697594881 |title=Milli Eğitim Bakanı Ziya Selçuk'un, koronavirüse karşı alınan tedbirlerin detaylarını ve uzaktan eğitim sürecine ilişkin açıklaması |access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref> The ] subsequently announced that teachers and staff in schools for students with special needs are able to opt out of in-person teaching if they or their families have a health risk.<ref name="twitter.com"/>
<ref name="AutoDW-73">{{cite web |url=http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/2480148/2852137/index.html |website=General Administration of Customs, P.R. China |language=zh-cn |script-title=zh:海关总署公告2020年第16号（关于重新启动出入境人员填写健康申明卡制度的公告） |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126235436/http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/2480148/2852137/index.html |archive-date=26 January 2020 |access-date=27 January 2020}}</ref>


On 17 March, ] ] stated that a subset of teachers are focusing on content generation for the national online platform on TRT EBA TV, which became functional on 23 March 2020,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/eba-tv-uzaktan-egitim-basladi-trt-eba-tv-nereden-ve-nasil-izlenecek-eba-tv-uydu-frekanslari-nedir,W7ZJUVmPQU-JLHCfQrg3rw |title=EBA TV uzaktan eğitim başladı! TRT EBA TV nereden ve nasıl izlenecek? EBA TV uydu frekansları nedir? |date=23 March 2020 |publisher=NTV |access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref> with the rest of the teachers matched to students to provide individual assessment, coaching, and tutoring from 23 March to 31 May 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/egitim/uzaktan-egitimde-ilk-dersi-bakan-ziya-selcuk-verecek/1769262 |title=Uzaktan eğitimde ilk dersi Bakan Ziya Selçuk verecek |date=17 March 2020 |publisher=] |access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.haberler.com/son-dakika-okullara-verilen-ara-uzatildi-13053581-haberi/ |title=Son Dakika: Okullara verilen ara uzatıldı |date=25 March 2020 |website=haberler.com |access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/egitim/milli-egitim-bakani-selcuk-uzaktan-egitime-31-mayisa-kadar-devam-edilecek/1822357|title=Milli Eğitim Bakanı Selçuk: Uzaktan eğitime 31 Mayıs'a kadar devam edilecek|publisher=Anadolu Agency|first=Selma|last=Kasap|date=29 April 2020|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="xinhuanet1125502381">{{Cite news |last=Liu |first=Hongxia |url=http://www.gd.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2020-01/26/c_1125502381.htm |date=26 January 2020 |access-date=27 January 2020 |agency=Xinhua News Agency |location=Beijing |language=zh |script-title=zh:海关总署宣布重新启动出入境人员填写健康申明卡制度 |trans-title=The General Administration of Customs announced they will restart the system for filling health declaration forms for passengers exit and enter the border}}</ref>


After the ] announced the closure of all schools<ref name="Aa.com.tr"/> (except those catering to students with special needs) on 12 March 2020, ] acknowledged the impact of the closure of schools on the welfare of children. Noting that children with preexisting mental-health issues<ref name="Turkish Medical Association">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ttb.org.tr/haber_goster.php?Guid=7d00f1fc-7384-11ea-b12d-d839943d748d |title=DİSK, KESK, TMMOB ve TTB'nin yedi acil önlem metni imzaya açıldı |date=31 March 2020 |publisher=Turkish Medical Association |access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> or who live in non-supportive home environments are likely to suffer<ref name="Turkish Medical Association"/> from being out of school, ] announced ], including fund increases for ], expansion of the ] program, direct payments to families, and a national ] on ]s.<ref name="Turkish Medical Association"/> To alleviate the social isolation of students, ] ] piloted a project on 27 March, where the ] started paying schools to offer small group activities for students on Mondays and Fridays, with deep cleaning sessions in between.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ntv.com.tr/egitim/son-dakika-haberi-2020-yks-mufredati-belli-oldu,MkwEauN2ekSVi7euCpKfpQ |title=2020 YKS müfredatı belli oldu |date=27 March 2020 |publisher=NTV |access-date=27 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="xinhuanet1125498917">{{Cite news |last=Yu |first=Rong |url=http://www.hn.xinhuanet.com/2020-01/24/c_1125498917.htm |date=23 January 2020 |work=Hunan Daily |access-date=25 January 2020 |language=Chinese |script-title=zh:严禁寒假补课提前开学 省教育厅部署新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控工作 |trans-title=Strictly ban winter break tutoring and schooling; Provincial Education Department deploy countermeasures against new coronavirus outbreak}}</ref>
<ref name="20200126cgtn">{{Cite news |url=https://newsus.cgtn.com/news/2020-01-26/Border-health-declaration-form-re-launched-by-China-Customs-NymgFEktxe/index.html |title=China re-launches health declaration form requirement on border |date=26 January 2020 |access-date=27 January 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127122145/https://newsus.cgtn.com/news/2020-01-26/Border-health-declaration-form-re-launched-by-China-Customs-NymgFEktxe/index.html |archive-date=27 January 2020 |publisher=China Global Television Network}}</ref>


On 21 March, the ] a total ] for those who are over the age 65 or chronically ill.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/son-dakika-haberi-icisleri-bakanligi-duyurdu-65-yas-ustune-disari-cikma-sinirlandirildi-41474569 |title=Son dakika haberler: İçişleri Bakanlığı duyurdu! 65 yaş üstüne sokağa çıkma yasağı |date=21 March 2020 |website=] |language=tr |access-date=21 March 2020}}</ref> On 27 March, the ] issued a new statement regarding gatherings during weekends, announcing that starting from 28 to 29 March, having picnics, fishing at the shores, doing physical exercise outside (including running and walking on the weekends in city and town centers) would be banned until the virus spread has been contained. It was also stated that, should they deem it necessary, local authorities may extend these new measures to weekdays.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/koronavirus-salgini-ile-mucadele-kapsaminda-park-mesire-piknik-yerleri-ile-ilgili-ek-genelge |title=Koronavirüs Salgını ile Mücadele Kapsamında Park, Mesire, Piknik Yerleri İle İlgili Ek Genelge |date=26 March 2020 |publisher=T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı |access-date=26 March 2020}}</ref> Also on 27 March, President Erdoğan announced that all overseas flights were terminated, adding that intercity travel was subject to permission by the state governors, and that places such as picnic areas, forests and historical sites would be closed on the weekend.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/son-dakika-haberi-cumhurbaskani-erdogan-aciklama-yapacak-41479930 |title=Son dakika haberi: Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan yeni corona virüs önlemlerini tek tek açıkladı! |date=28 March 2020 |work=] |access-date=28 March 2020 |trans-title=Breaking news: President Erdoğan announced new corona virus measures one by one!}}</ref> On 3 April 2020, President Erdoğan announced a 15-day entry ban to 30 ] as well as ]. Also, the curfew was extended to people younger than 20 years old. Using masks in public places became mandatory.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/son-dakika-cumhurbaskani-erdogandan-onemli-aciklamalar030420 |title=Son dakika... Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan yeni tedbirleri açıkladı! 20 yaş altına sokağa çıkma yasağı |date=3 April 2020 |work=CNN Türk |access-date=3 April 2020 |language=tr}}</ref>
<ref name="xinhuanet138735904">{{Cite news |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/27/c_138735904.htm |title=China extends Spring Festival holiday to contain coronavirus outbreak |date=27 January 2020 |access-date=27 January 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127090720/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/27/c_138735904.htm |archive-date=27 January 2020 |agency=Xinhua News Agency}}</ref>


==== Criticism against Turkish government's responses ====
<ref name="bjnews678863">{{Cite news |last=Luo |first=Xiaojing |url=http://www.bjnews.com.cn/news/2020/01/24/678863.html |date=24 January 2020 |access-date=25 January 2020 |publisher=The Beijing News |language=Chinese |script-title=zh:湖北这些学校推迟开学 北大等暂停参观 |trans-title=These Hubei schools delayed new semester; Peking Univ. halted public visits}}</ref>
The announced {{Turkish lira}}100 billion economic measures package, set to be provided by the government, was criticized by institutions and individuals, including economists and politicians. The lack of a detailed action plan was the center of criticism. Additionally, at a time when people were encouraged to stay at home, the government was criticized for allowing airline passenger transport and tax reductions that support tourism. Critics asked for lowering the down payment of housing loans and emphasized on the need to provide employment support to different sectors.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-51958762 |title=Koronavirüs ekonomik tedbir paketi: Kime, hangi güvence sunuluyor? |date=19 March 2020 |publisher=BBC Turkish |access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tr.euronews.com/2020/03/19/ekonomide-covid-19-turkiye-nin-100-milyar-tl-onlem-paketi-ekonomistler-ne-diyor-corona |title=Ekonomide Covid-19: Türkiye'nin 100 milyar TL önlem paketi için ekonomistler ne diyor? |last=Tokyay |first=Menekse |date=19 March 2020 |publisher=Euronews Turkish |access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref>


The donation campaign initiated by President ] was supported by representatives of the ruling party, members of the oppositions had a less favorable reaction to it.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.diken.com.tr/milli-dayanisma-kampanyasina-destek-de-var-elestiri-de/ |title='Milli Dayanışma Kampanyası'na destek de var eleştiri de |date=30 March 2020 |website=diken.com.tr |access-date=31 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.independentturkish.com/node/155576/erdo%C4%9Fan%E2%80%99%C4%B1n-a%C3%A7%C4%B1klad%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1-ba%C4%9F%C4%B1%C5%9F-kampanyas%C4%B1na-tepki-g%C3%B6sterenler-eski-ak-partili-vekil-de |title=Erdoğan'ın açıkladığı bağış kampanyasına tepki gösterenler: Eski AK Partili vekil de listede |date=30 March 2020 |publisher=Independent Turkish |access-date=31 March 2020}}</ref> After the government's decision to take money from the income of several institutions in order to make donations to this campaign, the ] filed a criminal complaint as a result of the salary cuts of the staff of many institutions such as MEB, BOTAŞ, General Directorate of Forestry, ], ] and Social Service Provincial Directorates.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/gundem/2020/04/02/kesk-zorunlu-bagisa-suc-duyurusu-yapacagiz|title=KESK: Zorunlu bağışa suç duyurusu yapacağız|first=Gazete|last=Duvar|date=4 February 2020|website=Gazete Duvar}}</ref> Additionally, a similar donation campaign initiated by the metropolitan municipalities with ] administration was terminated by the ] and their bank accounts were blocked. Regarding this decision, the Ankara Bar Association issued a statement, saying: "Although the aforementioned circular and blocking process enforced by the Ministry of the Interior are clearly unlawful, the provision of social services belongs neither exclusively to the local governments nor to the central government."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/gundem/2020/04/02/ankara-barosu-icislerinin-bagis-genelgesi-hukuksuz|title=Ankara Barosu: İçişlerinin bağış genelgesi hukuksuz|first=Gazete|last=Duvar|date=4 February 2020|website=Gazete Duvar}}</ref>
<ref name="xinhuanet138732282">{{Cite news |last=Xu |first=Qin |url=http://sh.xinhuanet.com/2020-01/25/c_138732282.htm |date=25 January 2020 |work=Jiefang Daily |access-date=25 January 2020 |language=Chinese |script-title=zh:市教委：疫情解除前严禁组织大型活动 中小学取消所有假期返校 |trans-title=City's Education Committee: Strictly forbid organizing large events before the outbreak dissolved; all middle and elementary schools to cancel school-returning during break}}</ref>


===Other countries and territories===
<ref name="people33743688">{{Cite news |last=Yao |first=Zhuowen |url=http://sz.people.com.cn/n2/2020/0125/c202846-33743688.html |access-date=25 January 2020 |website=People.com.cn Shenzhen|publisher=Shenzhen Tequ Bao (Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Newspaper) |issue=25 January 2020 |language=Chinese |script-title=zh:深圳：高三初三也不得提前开学提前补课 |trans-title=Shenzhen: Junior students in middle schools and high schools shouldn't start school early or start tutoring early}}</ref>
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<ref name="xinhuanet1125500373">{{Cite news |last=Wang |first=Chenxi |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/2020-01/24/c_1125500373.htm |date=24 January 2020 |access-date=25 January 2020 |agency=Xinhua News Agency |language=Chinese |script-title=zh:澳门关闭博物馆延期开学防控新型冠状病毒疫情 |trans-title=Macau closed museums and delayed school-openings to control coronavirus outbreak}}</ref>


==Europe==
<ref name="AutoDW-74">{{Cite news |last=Zhao |first=Shi |url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_5623078 |date=24 January 2020 |access-date=25 January 2020 |publisher=Pengpai News |language=Chinese |script-title=zh:澳门高校延后开学，要求开学后主动报告假期去向 |trans-title=Universities and colleges in Macau delayed openings, to ask students to report where they've been to during the break}}</ref>
{{See also|European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic}}


=== France ===
<ref name="CaixinJan26QianTong">{{Cite news |last=Qian |first=Tong |url=http://companies.caixin.com/2020-01-26/101508589.html |date=26 January 2020 |work=Caixin |access-date=26 January 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126174705/http://companies.caixin.com/2020-01-26/101508589.html |archive-date=26 January 2020 |language=zh |script-title=zh:春节假期将延长 各地延迟返工返校政策陆续出台 |trans-title=Sping festival break to be extended; several places announced delayed work-returning and school-reopening policies}}</ref>
{{Main|COVID-19 pandemic in France}}
]
The earliest discovered infection came from an old sample collected on 27 December 2019.<ref name="France-retest">{{cite news |title=After retesting samples, French hospital discovers COVID-19 case from December |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-france-idUSKBN22G20L | vauthors = Irish J |date=4 May 2020 | veditors = Lough R, Graff P |work=Reuters |access-date=4 May 2020 }}</ref><ref name="Deslandes 2020">{{cite journal | vauthors = Deslandes A, Berti V, Tandjaoui-Lambotte Y, Alloui C, Carbonnelle E, Zahar JR, Brichler S, Cohen Y | title = SARS-CoV-2 was already spreading in France in late December 2019 | journal = International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents | volume = 55 | issue = 6 | page = 106006 | date = June 2020 | pmid = 32371096 | pmc = 7196402 | doi = 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106006 }}</ref> A superspreader event in the outbreak was the annual assembly of the ] between 17 and 24 February. It was attended by about 2,500 people, at least half of whom were believed to have contracted the virus.<ref name="lepoint2369173">{{cite web | url=https://www.lepoint.fr/sante/coronavirus-la-bombe-atomique-du-rassemblement-evangelique-de-mulhouse-28-03-2020-2369173_40.php |title=Coronavirus : la " bombe atomique " du rassemblement évangélique de Mulhouse |date=28 March 2020 |website=Le Point}}</ref><ref name="francetvinfo3889133">{{cite web | url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/maladie/coronavirus/video-coronavirus-le-nombre-de-contaminations-lors-du-rassemblement-evangelique-de-mulhouse-a-ete-largement-sous-evalue_3889133.html |title=Enquette Franceinfo. "La majorité des personnes étaient contaminées" : de la Corse à l'outre-mer, comment le rassemblement évangélique de Mulhouse a diffusé le coronavirus dans toute la France |date=28 March 2020 |website=Franceinfo}}</ref>


On 13 March, Prime Minister ] ordered the closure of "non-essential" public places,<ref name="bbc51892477">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-51892477 |title=Coronavirus: Spain and France announce sweeping restrictions |work=BBC News |date=15 March 2020 |access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref> and on 16 March, President ] announced mandatory home confinement.<ref>Multiple sources:
<ref name="20200124bloomberg">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-01-24/china-orders-travel-agencies-to-suspend-all-tour-sales |title=China Orders Travel Agencies to Suspend Tours to Contain Virus Outbreak |date=24 January 2020 |access-date=26 January 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126173703/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-01-24/china-orders-travel-agencies-to-suspend-all-tour-sales |archive-date=26 January 2020 |publisher=Bloomberg|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* {{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/coronavirus-france-lockdown-cases-update-covid-19-macron-a9405136.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/coronavirus-france-lockdown-cases-update-covid-19-macron-a9405136.html |archive-date=18 June 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=France imposes 15-day lockdown as part of emergency coronavirus response |date=16 March 2020 |website=The Independent}}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/maladie/coronavirus/direct-coronavirus-prolongation-du-confinement-reouverture-des-ecoles-et-des-commerces-regardez-l-allocution-televisee-d-emmanuel-macron_3913673.html |title=Coronavirus : prolongation du confinement jusqu'au 11 mai |date=13 April 2020 |publisher=] |access-date=13 April 2020}}
* 16 April 2020, ''Financial Times''. Retrieved 18 April 2020</ref>


=== Germany ===
<ref name="chinadaily310128217273397">{{Cite news |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202001/25/WS5e2c30fea310128217273397.html |title=Beijing to suspend interprovincial road transport starting Sunday |work=China Daily |access-date=26 January 2020}}</ref>
{{Main|German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic}}
{{Expand section|date=April 2020}}


At the end of January 2020, the first cases occurred in Bavaria in direct connection with the outbreak in Wuhan, China. After initial stagnation, several other cases were reported in different locations. During carnival in February, Heinsberg in Northrhine Westfalia was most affected, and case numbers steadily increased. By the second week of March, all federal states were affected and the first fatality was reported.<ref name="aa">{{Cite news |url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/blob/2294930/33e99dc559cfe3dbda8e7ae65b39c3be/ncov-data.pdf |title=COVID 19 |date=27 March 2020 |work=Gesundheitsdienst, Auswärtiges Amt |access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name=":12">{{cite web |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/travel/news/chinas-museums-offer-online-exhibitions-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/ar-BBZEOr6 |title=China's museums offer online exhibitions amid coronavirus outbreak |publisher=MSN |access-date=5 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205071609/https://www.msn.com/en-us/travel/news/chinas-museums-offer-online-exhibitions-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/ar-BBZEOr6 |archive-date=5 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
As of 28 March 2020 the incidence was highest in the city state of Hamburg, followed by Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/InfAZ/N/Neuartiges_Coronavirus/Situationsberichte/2020-03-28-en.pdfFile |title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 |date=27 March 2020 |work=Daily Situation Report of the Robert Koch Institute |access-date=29 March 2020 |archive-date=30 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330020441/https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/InfAZ/N/Neuartiges_Coronavirus/Situationsberichte/2020-03-28-en.pdfFile |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The ] recommended an initial strategy of containment, until more cases would occur than could be traced back to a known case. The next phase of the epidemic, namely community transmission, was assumed to have begun first in Heinsberg, where a strategy of protection of vulnerable groups was adopted.<ref name="aa" />


=== Greece ===
<ref name="AutoDW-75">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_5622587 |date=24 January 2020 |access-date=26 January 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126180503/https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_5622587 |archive-date=26 January 2020 |publisher=thepaper.cn / Pengpai News |language=zh-cn |script-title=zh:今起全国飞机、火车免费退票 |trans-title=Free ticket refunds offer to planes and trains nation-wide from today}}</ref>
{{Main|COVID-19 pandemic in Greece}}


On 26 February, the first case in Greece was confirmed, a 38-year-old woman from ] who had recently visited ].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-greece-idUSKCN20K1IA|title=Greece confirms first coronavirus case|date=26 February 2020|work=Reuters|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> Within the next days, health and state authorities issued precautionary guidelines and recommendations, while measures up to that point were taken locally and included the closure of schools and the suspension of cultural events in the affected areas (particularly ], ] and ]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsit.gr/ellada/koronoios-14-akoma-krousmata-stin-ellad/2988717/|title=Κορονοϊός: 14 ακόμα κρούσματα στην Ελλάδα!|website=www.newsit.gr|date=6 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> Various municipalities around the country began disinfecting schools.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ieidiseis.gr/ellada/item/36906-koronoios-stin-ellada-proliptikes-apolymanseis-se-dimosia-ktiria-apo-ton-dimo-iliou|title=Κορονοϊός στην Ελλάδα: Προληπτικές απολυμάνσεις σε δημόσια κτήρια από τον Δήμο Ιλίου|last=iEidiseis|website=www.ieidiseis.gr|language=el-gr|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> The Greek ] (NPHO), in collaboration with local authorities and doctors, is tracking and testing everyone who came in close contact with the confirmed carriers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onmed.gr/ygeia-eidhseis/story/382322/koronoios-stin-patra-to-enato-kroysma|title=Κοροναϊός: Ένατο επιβεβαιωμένο κρούσμα στην Πάτρα|website=www.onmed.gr|date=4 March 2020|language=el}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ant1news.gr/ygeia-periballon/article/561722/koronoios-deka-ta-kroysmata-stin-ellada|title=Κορονοϊός: Δέκα τα κρούσματα στην Ελλάδα|website=antenna.gr|language=el|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoDW-76">{{cite web |url=http://www.ecns.cn/news/2020-01-29/detail-ifzsyram6093862.shtml |title=China opens more online exhibitions amid virus outbreak |website=ecns.cn |access-date=5 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131010717/http://www.ecns.cn/news/2020-01-29/detail-ifzsyram6093862.shtml |archive-date=31 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>


By 10 March, with 89 confirmed cases and no deaths in the country,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.gr/news/ellada/story/210621/koronoios-stin-ellada-anakoinothikan-pente-nea-kroysmata|title=Κορωνοϊός στην Ελλάδα: Ανακοινώθηκαν πέντε νέα κρούσματα|date=10 March 2020|website=cnn.gr|language=el|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> the government decided to suspend the operation of all schools, universities, daycare centers and all other educational establishments nationwide and then, on 13 March, to close down all cafes, bars, museums, shopping centres, sports facilities and restaurants in the country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.minedu.gov.gr/news/44308-10-03-20-prosorini-apagorefsi-tis-ekpaideftikis-leitourgias-olon-ton-ekpaideftikon-domon|title=ΥΠΟΥΡΓΕΙΟ ΠΑΙΔΕΙΑΣ & ΘΡΗΣΚΕΥΜΑΤΩΝ – 10-03-20 Προσωρινή απαγόρευση της εκπαιδευτικής λειτουργίας όλων των εκπαιδευτικών δομών|website=www.minedu.gov.gr|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.capital.gr/epikairotita/3437285/sta-190-sunolika-ta-krousmata-stin-ellada-kleinoun-emporika-kentra-kafe-mpar|title=Στα 190 συνολικά τα κρούσματα στην Ελλάδα – Κλείνουν εμπορικά κέντρα, καφέ, μπαρ|last=Capital.gr|website=Capital.gr|language=el|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref> On 16 March, all retail shops were also closed and all services in all areas of religious worship of any religion or dogma were suspended. Supermarkets, pharmacies, food outlets that offer take-away and delivery only, as well as some other businesses, remained open.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news247.gr/koinonia/koronoios-kleinoyn-ta-emporika-katastimata-se-karantina-osoi-erchontai-apo-exoteriko.7603146.html|title=Κορονοϊός: Κλείνουν τα εμπορικά καταστήματα – Σε καραντίνα όσοι έρχονται από εξωτερικό|website=www.news247.gr|date=16 March 2020 |language=el|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kathimerini.gr/1069449/article/epikairothta/politikh/anastellontai-oles-oi-8rhskeytikes-leitoyrgies-me-apofash-ths-kyvernhshs|title=Αναστέλλονται όλες οι θρησκευτικές λειτουργίες με απόφαση της κυβέρνησης {{!}} Kathimerini|website=www.kathimerini.gr|date=16 March 2020 |access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> On 18 and 19 March, the government announced a series of economic measures of more than 10 billion euros to support the economy, businesses and employees.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnos.gr/oikonomia/94785_koronoios-ta-metra-gia-ergazomenoys-ki-epiheiriseis|title=Κορονοϊός: Τα μέτρα για εργαζόμενους κι επιχειρήσεις|date=18 March 2020|website=Έθνος|language=el|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/zh/武汉肺炎病毒持续扩散-湖北下令封15个城市/a-52132769|date=24 January 2020|publisher=Deutsche Welle|location=Germany|language=zh-hans|script-title=zh:武汉肺炎病毒持续扩散 湖北下令封15个城市|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124234427/https://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%AD%A6%E6%B1%89%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E6%89%A9%E6%95%A3-%E6%B9%96%E5%8C%97%E4%B8%8B%E4%BB%A4%E5%B0%8115%E4%B8%AA%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82/a-52132769|archive-date=24 January 2020|access-date=25 January 2020|title=Archived copy}}</ref>


On 22 March, the Greek authorities announced significant restrictions on all nonessential transport and movement across the country, starting from 6 a.m. on 23 March. Movement outside the house is permitted only for specific reasons that include moving to or from the workplace, shopping for food or medicine, going to the bank, visiting a doctor or assisting a person in need of help and walking a pet or exercising outside individually or in pairs. Citizens leaving their home are required to carry their police ID or passport, as well as some type of attestation depending on the purpose of travel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ekathimerini.com/250917/article/ekathimerini/news/full-lockdown-in-effect-from-monday-to-curb-coronavirus|title=Full lockdown in effect from Monday to curb coronavirus {{!}} Kathimerini|website=www.ekathimerini.com|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> All passenger flights to and from Italy, Spain, Albania, North Macedonia, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Germany are suspended until 15 May,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ekathimerini.com/251736/article/ekathimerini/news/greece-extends-flight-ban-for-six-countries-until-may-15|title=Greece extends flight ban for six countries until May 15 {{!}} Kathimerini|website=www.ekathimerini.com|access-date=21 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Hellenic Civil Aviation Authority|url=http://www.ypa.gr/news/paratash-notams-ews-tis-15-maioy-2020|title=Παράταση ΝΟΤΑΜS έως τις 15 Μαΐου 2020.|date=15 April 2020|access-date=21 April 2020}}</ref> and land borders with Albania, North Macedonia and Turkey are closed, with exemptions for cargo and sanitary transports, among others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news247.gr/politiki/koronoios-ektakta-metra-kleinoyn-ta-synora-me-alvania-kai-v-makedonia-tilefonima-mitsotaki-se-ieronymo.7602425.html|title=Εκτακτα μέτρα – Κορονοϊός: Κλείνουν τα σύνορα με Αλβανία και Β. Μακεδονία – Παρέμβαση Μητσοτάκη για τις εκκλησίες|website=www.news247.gr|date=15 March 2020 |language=el|access-date=21 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.gr/news/ellada/story/212372/koronoios-telos-apo-ta-mesanyxta-oi-ptiseis-apo-vretania-kai-toyrkia|title=Κορωνοϊός: Τέλος οι πτήσεις από Βρετανία και Τουρκία|date=23 March 2020|website=CNN.gr|language=el|access-date=21 April 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="apnews-b2810ce">{{Cite news |url=https://apnews.com/b2810cebad305f66112a0c68be0f8c9a |title=Wuhan bans cars, Hong Kong closes schools as virus spreads |date=25 January 2020 |access-date=25 January 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125083624/https://apnews.com/b2810cebad305f66112a0c68be0f8c9a |archive-date=25 January 2020 |agency=Associated Press}}</ref>


The measures put in place in Greece are some of the most proactive and strict in Europe and have been hailed internationally for slowing the spread of the disease and keeping the number of deaths among the lowest in Europe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/05/world/europe/scientists-coronavirus-heroes.html|title=The Rising Heroes of the Coronavirus Era? Nations' Top Scientists|last=Stevis-Gridneff|first=Matina|newspaper=The New York Times|date=5 April 2020}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/l-infectiologue-sotirios-tsiodras-nouvelle-coqueluche-des-grecs-20200320|title=L'infectiologue Sotirios Tsiodras, nouvelle coqueluche des Grecs|last=Kefalas|first=Alexia|date=20 March 2020|website=Le Figaro.fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2020-04-07/stocks-rally-suggests-turning-point-in-coronavirus-fight|title=Stocks Rally Suggests Turning Point In Coronavirus Fight|newspaper=Bloomberg|date=7 April 2020 |access-date=7 April 2020}} {{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/greeks-rein-in-rebellious-streak-as-draconian-measures-earn-them-a-reprieve-tznc0bn6s|title=Greeks rein in rebellious streak as draconian measures earn them a reprieve|last=Athens|first=Anthee Carassava|via=www.thetimes.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnos.gr/kosmos/95931_ellinas-giatros-sto-mpermigham-protypo-i-ellada-i-bretania-se-heiroteri-thesi-apo-tin|title=Ελληνας γιατρός στο Μπέρμιγχαμ: Πρότυπο η Ελλάδα, η Βρετανία σε χειρότερη θέση από την Ιταλία|date=24 March 2020|website=Έθνος}}</ref>
<ref name="scmp3047645">{{Cite news |last=Lum |first=Alvin |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/3047645/china-coronavirus-hong-kong-students-get-two-more |title=China coronavirus: Hong Kong leader hits back at criticisms of being slow |date=25 January 2020 |work=South China Morning Post |access-date=25 January 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125085413/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/3047645/china-coronavirus-hong-kong-students-get-two-more |archive-date=25 January 2020 |last2=Sum |first2=Lok-kei}}</ref>
<ref name="20200123reuters">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-wuhan-idUSKBN1ZM0JT|title=Residents of China's Wuhan rush to stock up as transport links severed|date=23 January 2020|access-date=24 January 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124223111/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-wuhan-idUSKBN1ZM0JT|archive-date=24 January 2020|agency=Reuters}}</ref>


=== Italy ===
<ref name="AutoDW-78">{{cite web|url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_5609817|website=澎湃新闻-The Paper|language=Chinese|script-title=zh:武汉一线|trans-title=Wuhan First-line: Rising vegetable prices, napa cabbages 35 CNY each|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123101757/https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_5609817|archive-date=23 January 2020|access-date=23 January 2020}}</ref>
{{Main|COVID-19 pandemic in Italy}}


] volunteers carrying out health checks at the ] in ]]]
<ref name="abc11902378">{{Cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-01-27/coronavirus-strengthening-spread-infectious-during-incubation/11902378|title=China warns coronavirus strengthening as Lunar New Year holiday extended three more days to discourage travel|date=27 January 2020|work=ABC News|access-date=27 January 2020|publisher=]}}</ref>


The outbreak was confirmed to have spread to Italy on 31 January 2020, when two Chinese tourists tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Rome.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.corriere.it/cronache/20_gennaio_30/coronavirus-italia-corona-9d6dc436-4343-11ea-bdc8-faf1f56f19b7.shtml|title=Coronavirus: Primi due casi in Italia|date=31 January 2020|trans-title=Coronavirus: First two cases in Italy|website=Corriere della sera|language=it|access-date=31 January 2020}}</ref> In response, the Italian government suspended all flights to and from China and declared a state of emergency, with Prime Minister ] stating that Italy is the first EU country to take this precautionary measure.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thelocal.it/20200131/italy-suspends-all-china-flights-after-coronavirus-cases-confirmed-in-rome/|title=Italy suspends all China flights as coronavirus cases confirmed in Rome|date=31 January 2020|website=THELOCAL|access-date=26 February 2020}}</ref> On 31 January, the ] appointed ], head of the ], as Special Commissioner for the COVID-19 Emergency.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://tg24.sky.it/politica/approfondimenti/angelo-borrelli-chi-e.html |title=Chi è Angelo Borrelli, nominato Commissario per l'emergenza coronavirus |website=tg24.sky.it |date=February 2020 |language=it |access-date=7 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fanpage.it/politica/coronavirus-angelo-borrelli-nominato-commissario-straordinario-ecco-chi-e/|title=Coronavirus, Angelo Borrelli commissario straordinario: potrà anche requisire gli hotel|website=Fanpage|date=31 January 2020 }}</ref> An unassociated cluster of ] cases was later further detected starting with 16 confirmed cases in ] on 21 February,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Anzolin|first1=Elisa|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-italy/coronavirus-outbreak-grows-in-northern-italy-16-cases-reported-in-one-day-idUSKBN20F0UI|title=coronavirus pandemic grows in northern Italy, 16 cases reported in one day|date=21 February 2020|access-date=21 February 2020|url-status=live <!-- live|dead|unfit|usurped -->|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221225322/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-italy/coronavirus-outbreak-grows-in-northern-italy-16-cases-reported-in-one-day-idUSKBN20F0UI|archive-date=21 February 2020|work=]|last2=Amante|first2=Angelo|url-access=<!-- (subscription/registration/limited) default=free -->}}</ref> an additional 60 cases on 22 February, and Italy's first deaths reported on the same day.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}
<ref name="AutoDW-79">{{Cite news|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/china-imposes-first-partial-lockdown-in-city-outside-virus-epicentre|title=Wuhan virus: China imposes partial lockdown in Shantou, the first city to face measure outside virus epicentre|access-date=26 January 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126065615/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/china-imposes-first-partial-lockdown-in-city-outside-virus-epicentre|archive-date=26 January 2020|website=The Straits Times}}</ref>


The Ministry of Health announced new guidelines for reporting cases on 27 February in response to the previous blanket testing that caused case numbers to surge and inflamed public panic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/02/28/news/_polmoniti_anomale_a_meta_gennaio_cosi_e_nato_il_focolaio_di_codogno_-249759796/|title=Coronavirus, polmoniti anomale a metà gennaio: "Così è nato il focolaio di Codogno"|date=27 February 2020|website=la Repubblica|language=it|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref> It would no longer report asymptomatic cases (swabs taken from patients which tested positive but were not showing symptoms) which counted as 40 to 50% of all reported cases at the time. These people would undergo isolation at home and would be followed up with new tests until they were negative.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/02/28/news/cambia_il_metodo_di_conteggio_esclusi_i_positivi_asintomatici-249765660/|title=Cambia il metodo di conteggio: esclusi i positivi asintomatici|date=27 February 2020|website=la Repubblica|language=it|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory/italy-virus-count-methods-agencys-urging-69254949|title=Italy blasts virus panic as it eyes new testing criteria|publisher=ABC News|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="20200126reuters">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-shantou/chinas-shantou-city-will-not-ban-cars-ships-people-from-entering-state-media-reports-idUSKBN1ZP061|title=China's Shantou city will not ban cars, ships, people from entering, state media reports|date=26 January 2020|access-date=26 January 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126084712/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-shantou/chinas-shantou-city-will-not-ban-cars-ships-people-from-entering-state-media-reports-idUSKBN1ZP061|archive-date=26 January 2020|agency=Reuters}}</ref>


On 22 February, the ] announced a new decree law to contain the outbreak, including quarantining more than 50,000 people from 11 different municipalities in ].<ref name="AutoDW-201" /> Prime Minister ] said "In the outbreak areas, entry and exit will not be provided. Suspension of work activities and sport events has already been ordered in those areas."<ref name="AutoDW-202" /><ref name="AutoDW-203" /> Punishments for violating of the lockdown range from a fine of 206 euros to 3 months imprisonment.<ref name="AutoDW-204" /> ] and law enforcement agencies were instructed to secure and implement the lockdown.<ref name="AutoDW-205" />
<ref name="caixin101508610">{{Cite news|last=Zheng|first=Lichun|url=http://china.caixin.com/2020-01-26/101508610.html|date=26 January 2020|work=Caixin|access-date=26 January 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126205951/http://china.caixin.com/2020-01-26/101508610.html|archive-date=26 January 2020|language=Chinese|script-title=zh:广东汕头撤回交通管制通告 市民一度抢购物资|trans-title=Shantou, Guangdong's announcement on traffic restrictions was reversed; residents rushed to stockpile food and supplies for a while}}</ref>


On 3 March, Chinese authorities reported that on 1 and 2 March, eight people who had returned to the county of Qingtian, in East China's Zhejiang province, had the virus. All eight appear to have acquired COVID-19 in the northern town of ], a virus-ravaged municipality, where they had worked at a restaurant, Qingtian officials said. Chinese authorities called these "backflow cases" — virus carriers who contract the disease outside China, then bring it back to their homeland.<ref>Flynn Murphy, Zhang Erchi and Ye Zhanqi, , ''Caixin'', 3 March 2020</ref>
<ref name="bjnews680010">{{Cite news|last=Ying|first=Rui|url=http://www.bjnews.com.cn/news/2020/01/27/680010.html|date=27 January 2020|work=The Beijing News|access-date=26 January 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126174754/http://www.bjnews.com.cn/news/2020/01/27/680010.html|archive-date=26 January 2020|language=Chinese|script-title=zh:北京、深圳、广州、南京，这些城市官宣"不封城"|trans-title=Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Nanjing – these cities officially announced they "will not lock down"}}</ref>


On 4 March, the Italian government ordered the full closure of all schools and universities nationwide as Italy reached 100 deaths. Additionally, all major sporting events, including Serie A football matches, would be held behind closed doors until April.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Palermo|first1=Angela Giuffrida Lorenzo Tondo in|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/04/italy-orders-closure-of-schools-and-universities-due-to-coronavirus|title=Italy orders closure of all schools and universities due to coronavirus|date=4 March 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=4 March 2020|last2=Beaumont|first2=Peter|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> On 9 March, all sport was suspended completely for at least one month.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/51808683 | title=Coronavirus: All sport in Italy suspended because of outbreak| work=BBC Sport| date=9 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="20200202wenzhou">{{cite web|url=http://www.wenzhou.gov.cn/art/2020/2/2/art_1219304_41867473.html|date=2 February 2020|publisher=Wenzhou People's Government|language=zh-cn|script-title=zh:温州市新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情防控工作领导小组通告(第7号)|access-date=3 February 2020}}</ref>


{{Main|COVID-19 lockdown in Italy}}
<ref name="ChannelNewsAsia">{{Cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/hangzhou-and-taizhou-cities-far-from-virus-epicentre-implement-12388714|title=Hangzhou and Taizhou, cities far from virus epicentre, implement travel restrictions|publisher=Channel NewsAsia|access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref>


On 21 February, at least ten towns in the Lombardy and ] regions of Italy, with a total population of 50,000, were locked down in quarantine procedure following an outbreak in ] in Lombardy. Police mandated a curfew closing all public buildings and controlling access through police checkpoints to the so-called 'red zone' which is enforced by penalties for violations ranging from a €206 fine to three months of imprisonment against trespassers who are not health or supply workers.<ref name="AutoDW-204" /> The government of Giuseppe Conte said that sending in the armed forces to enforce the lockdown was a possibility.<ref name="AutoDW-205" /> The governor of ], ], instituted a mandatory 14-day quarantine for people arriving from areas in northern Italy affected by the outbreak on 24 February.<ref name="Repubblica_24Feb2">{{cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/02/24/news/coronavirus_149_i_casi_confermati_conte_i_contagi_possono_crescere_-249427098/|title=Coronavirus, quarto morto, è un 84enne di Bergamo. Sette regioni coinvolte per 30 milioni di italiani|date=24 February 2020|website=la Repubblica|language=it|access-date=24 February 2020}}</ref> On the same day, 500 extra police officers were assigned to patrol the quarantined areas in ] and Veneto.<ref name="Repubblica_24Feb2" />
<ref name="20200124reuters-refunds">{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-business-factbox/factbox-as-virus-spreads-hotels-airlines-offer-refunds-stores-close-idUSKBN1ZN0T2 |title=Factbox: As virus spreads, hotels, airlines offer refunds, stores close |date=24 January 2020 |access-date=26 January 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126180531/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-business-factbox/factbox-as-virus-spreads-hotels-airlines-offer-refunds-stores-close-idUSKBN1ZN0T2 |archive-date=26 January 2020 |agency=Reuters}}</ref>


On the morning of 8 March 2020, Conte said that much of Italy's northern territories, including Milan and Venice, would be quarantined within their region.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Horowitz |first1=Jason |title=Italy Locks Down Much of the Country's North Over the Coronavirus |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/07/world/europe/coronavirus-italy.html|access-date=8 March 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=7 March 2020}}</ref> Conte said the country was locking down all of the populous Lombardy region, with movement restrictions applying to about 16 million people.<ref name="Italia">, '']'', Chico Harlan and Stefano Pitrelli, 7 March 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2020.</ref> This will be the most aggressive response taken in any region beyond China, and will paralyse the wealthiest parts of the country as Italy attempts to constrain the rapid spread of the disease.<ref name="Italia" /> On 8 March 2020, there have been 7,375 confirmed cases, and 366 deaths in Italy.<ref name="JHMap" />
<ref name="xinhuanet138747853">{{cite news |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-02/01/c_138747853.htm |title=Chinese prosecutors urged to toughen crackdown on epidemic-related crimes |access-date=2 February 2020 |agency=Xinhua News Agency |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201232412/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-02/01/c_138747853.htm |archive-date=1 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>


On the evening of 9 March 2020, the quarantine was expanded to all of Italy.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-51810673|title=Coronavirus: Italy extends strict quarantine measures nationwide|work=BBC News |date=9 March 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoDW-77">{{cite web |url=http://www.ncha.gov.cn/art/2020/1/28/art_722_158541.html |script-title=zh:关于向"博物馆网上展览平台"提供网上展览内容资源的倡议书 |website=ncha.gov.cn |access-date=5 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205071612/http://www.ncha.gov.cn/art/2020/1/28/art_722_158541.html |archive-date=5 February 2020 |url-status=live|language=Chinese}}</ref>


==== Criticism against Italian government's responses ====
<ref name=":13">{{cite web |url=http://www.china.org.cn/arts/2020-02/04/content_75670987.htm |title=At home with history – China.org.cn |website=china.org.cn |access-date=5 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204225021/http://www.china.org.cn/arts/2020-02/04/content_75670987.htm |archive-date=4 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Italy's government has drawn criticism from scientists and WHO, for its decision to suspend direct flights to mainland China that while sounding "tough" on paper, was ineffective as "people can still arrive from risk areas via indirect routes." Walter Ricciardi, professor of Hygiene and Public Health at the ] in Rome and a member of the European Advisory Committee on Health Research has said "Italy was wrong, closing flights from China is of no use when there are indirect ones."{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}


Italy's government has also been criticised for not testing or enforcing lockdowns sufficiently in some regions,<ref>{{Citation|last1=Pisano |first1=Gary P. |last2=Sadun |first2=Raffaella |last3=Zanini |first3=Michele |title=Lessons from Italy's Response to Coronavirus|date=27 March 2020|url=http://hbr.org/2020/03/lessons-from-italys-response-to-coronavirus|journal=]}}</ref> sending mixed messages,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Arturo Varvelli|date=11 March 2020|title=Uncharted territory: Italy's response to the coronavirus|url=https://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary_uncharted_territory_italys_response_to_the_coronavirus|access-date=5 April 2020|website=]}}</ref> and downplaying the severity of the situation.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Horowitz|first1=Jason|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/21/world/europe/italy-coronavirus-center-lessons.html|title=Italy, Pandemic's New Epicenter, Has Lessons for the World|date=21 March 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=5 April 2020|last2=Bubola|first2=Emma|issn=0362-4331|last3=Povoledo|first3=Elisabetta}}</ref> Criticism followed disclosures by Italian Prime Minister ] that protocols had not been followed at the hospital in Codogno, Lombardy that treated "patient 1" which "certainly contributed to the spread" of the virus in Italy, with Conte responding to inquiries by journalists on what protocol was broken with "This is not the time for controversy." In response to a statement by Conte that the central government may need to "revoke regional health policy powers," ] ] called Conte's statement "fascist" and "talking nonsense."{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}<!-- Empty reference <ref name=":21" /-->
<ref name="bbc51205074">{{Cite news|last=Coleman|first=Alistair|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51205074|title=Chinese social media users worry over virus|date=22 January 2020|publisher=BBC News|last2=Allen|first2=Kerry}}</ref>


On 8 March, plans by the government to quarantine 16 million people in Northern Italy were leaked early by a national newspaper, causing thousands of people to flee the region before it took place. Conte condemned the leak, calling it "unacceptable".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/12-mistakes-made-that-helped-spread-coronavirus-around-the-world-2020-2#in-northern-italy-plans-by-the-government-to-quarantine-16-million-people-on-march-8-were-leaked-early-by-a-national-newspaper-causing-thousands-of-people-to-flee-the-region-before-the-measures-took-place-3|title=21 mistakes by public health officials and ordinary people that helped spread the coronavirus around the world|last=Ankel|first=Sophia|website=Business Insider|access-date=5 April 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="20200128nytimes">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/28/business/china-coronavirus-communist-party.html|title=Coronavirus Crisis Exposes Cracks in China's Facade of Unity|date=28 January 2020|work=]|access-date=30 January 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129015445/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/28/business/china-coronavirus-communist-party.html|archive-date=29 January 2020}}</ref>


=== Netherlands ===
<ref name="20200126telegraph">{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=Nicola|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/01/24/coronavirus-fears-rise-chinese-cover-up-40-million-lockdown/|title=Coronavirus: Fears rise of Chinese cover-up as 56 million in lockdown and hospitals overwhelmed|date=26 January 2020|work=The Telegraph|last2=Newey|first2=Sarah}}</ref>
{{Main|Dutch government response to the COVID-19 pandemic}}


=== Spain ===
<ref name="chinadaily310128217273520">{{Cite news|last=Ma|first=Zhenhuan|url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202001/26/WS5e2d598ea310128217273520.html|title=Authorities say no imminent lockdown of Beijing|date=26 January 2020|access-date=26 January 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126184741/https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202001/26/WS5e2d598ea310128217273520.html|archive-date=26 January 2020|publisher=China daily|location=People's Republic of China}}</ref>
{{Main|COVID-19 pandemic in Spain}}
{{Expand section|date=April 2020}}


On 31 January 2020, the first case was confirmed when a tourist tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in ], Spain.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Linde |first1=Pablo |title=Sanidad confirma en La Gomera el primer caso de coronavirus en España |url=https://elpais.com/sociedad/2020/01/31/actualidad/1580509404_469734.html |newspaper=El País |access-date=8 March 2020 |language=es |date=1 February 2020}}</ref> On 14 March, due to the increased number of cases, Spanish Prime Minister ] declared a ], placing all citizens in quarantine except for those working in healthcare or other vital activities, closing all non-critical businesses, and only allowing citizens to go outside for activities such as grocery shopping or walking a pet.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20200313/pedro-sanchez-declara-estado-alarma-nacional/2009974.shtml|title=Pedro Sánchez declara el estado de alarma nacional|last=GRANDE|first=ROCÍO GIL|date=13 March 2020|website=RTVE.es|language=es|access-date=16 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoDW-80">{{Cite news|last1=Griffiths|first1=James|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/30/asia/wuhan-coronavirus-update-china-spread-intl-hnk/index.html|title=7,000 held on cruise ship in Italy as global fears spread over coronavirus|access-date=30 January 2020|last2=Dewan|first2=Angela|last3=Mezzofiore|first3=Gianluca|last4=Borghese|first4=Livia|last5=Kottasová|first5=Ivana|publisher=CNN}}</ref>


==== Criticism against Spanish government's responses ====
<ref name="AutoDW-81">{{Cite news|last=McCurry|first=Justin|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/05/coronavirus-cruise-ship-carrying-3700-quarantined-in-japan-after-10-test-positive|title=Coronavirus: cruise ship carrying 3,700 quarantined in Japan after 10 test positive|date=5 February 2020|work=]|last2=Ratcliffe|first2=Rebecca}}</ref>
Spanish government has received criticism for its perceived slow response to the pandemic, as it did not prevent any concentrations until 11 March when there already were 1,646 infected.<ref> in '']''</ref><ref> in ''The Guardian''</ref> The large march in Madrid for International Women's Day (8 March), which was attended by around 120,000 people received special criticism, as this event was promoted and attended by members of the government such as ] who was later confirmed to be infected.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/coronavirus-spain-nationwide-lockdown/2020/03/14/3bec8690-6619-11ea-8a8e-5c5336b32760_story.html|title=Spain goes on nationwide lockdown as coronavirus cases surge |access-date=15 March 2020 |date=15 March 2020 |newspaper=]}}</ref>


=== United Kingdom ===
<ref name="cnbcWD">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/05/coronavirus-almost-2000-passengers-held-on-cruise-ship-in-hong-kong.html|title=Almost 2,000 passengers held on cruise ship in Hong Kong amid coronavirus scare|date=5 February 2020|publisher=CNBC|access-date=5 February 2020}}</ref>
{{Main|United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic|British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic}}
{{see also|COVID-19 pandemic in England|COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland|COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland|COVID-19 pandemic in Wales}}
{{Expand section|date=April 2020}}
The nature of ] meant that each of the four ] had its own response to COVID-19 with different rules and restrictions at different times and many of the UK government actions only applying to England.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/06/06/devolution-has-become-less-dysfunctional-during-the-pandemic |title=Ignore the squabbling Devolution has become less dysfunctional during the pandemic |newspaper= The Economist |date=6 June 2020 |access-date=24 July 2020}}</ref>


On 24 March 2020, the United Kingdom brought in "some of the most far-reaching curbs on personal freedom ever introduced" in peacetime, including a three-week lockdown of the country. This included a ban on public gatherings of more than two people (excluding those one lives with) and the closing down of all non-essential businesses.<ref>{{cite news |title=UK brings in strict curbs on life to fight virus |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-52014472 |access-date=24 March 2020 |work=BBC News |date=24 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoDW-82">{{cite news|last1=Denyer|first1=Simon|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/honeymooner-among-61-people-on-cruise-ship-confirmed-as-having-coronavirus/2020/02/07/30a980b4-4961-11ea-8a1f-de1597be6cbc_story.html|title=Passengers quarantined on cruise ship are desperate to escape coronavirus that infected 64 fellow travelers|date=7 February 2020|access-date=7 February 2020|last2=O'Grady|first2=Siobhán|website=]}}</ref>


==== Scotland ====
<ref name="AutoDW-83">{{cite news|last1=Denyer|first1=Simon|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/coronavirus-china-live-updates/2020/02/06/104d0532-4869-11ea-8124-0ca81effcdfb_story.html|title=Another 41 people test positive for coronavirus on quarantined cruise ship in Japan, health minister says|date=6 February 2020|access-date=7 February 2020|last2=Brulliard|first2=Karin|last3=Taylor|first3=Adam|last4=Iati|first4=Marisa|website=]}}</ref>
The first case of COVID-19 in Scotland was confirmed on 1 March<ref>{{cite news |title=Scotland confirms first case of coronavirus |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/scotland-coronavirus-first-case-a4375406.html |access-date=16 March 2020 |work=] |date=1 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302160734/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/scotland-coronavirus-first-case-a4375406.html |archive-date=2 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> with the first death of someone with COVID-19 occurring 12 days later.<ref>{{cite news |title=First Scottish coronavirus death confirmed |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-51874899 |access-date=16 March 2020 |work=BBC News |date=14 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314140926/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-51874899 |archive-date=14 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The following week, on 20 March, the Scottish government instructed a number of businesses to close, including pubs, cafes, cinemas and bingo halls.<ref>{{cite web |title=Businesses told to close |url=https://www.gov.scot/news/pubs-cafes-and-more-told-to-close/ |website=gov.scot |publisher=Scottish Government |access-date=11 October 2020 |date=20 March 2020}}</ref> On 21 May, First Minister ] outlined a four-phase "route map" for easing lockdown restrictions in Scotland to take effect from 28 May subject to the number of new cases of COVID-19 continuing to fall.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-52745643|title=Scottish lockdown easing to begin next week|date=21 May 2020|access-date=12 October 2020|publisher=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref>


===Other countries and territories===
<ref name="AutoDW-84">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51433079|title=Coronavirus: Thousands on cruise ship allowed to disembark after tests|date=10 February 2020|publisher=BBC News|access-date=10 February 2020}}</ref>
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<ref name="AutoDW-85">{{cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/02/10/national/japan-test-all-passengers-diamond-princess-cruise-ship-coronavirus/|title=Infection tally on Diamond Princess hits 130 as Japan mulls testing all passengers|date=10 February 2020|newspaper=Japan Times|access-date=10 February 2020}}</ref>


==North America==
<ref name="AutoDW-86">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51555420|title=Coronavirus: Passengers leave Diamond Princess amid criticism of Japan|date=20 February 2020|access-date=22 February 2020|publisher=BBC News|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200220044215/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51555420|archive-date=20 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{main|COVID-19 pandemic in North America}}


=== Costa Rica ===
<ref name=":20">{{cite web|url=http://news.jznews.com.cn/system/2020/02/02/011980880.shtml |script-title=zh:湖北黄冈：每户家庭每两天可指派1人上街采购无关人员不得外出|date=2 February 2020|website=jznews.com.cn|url-status=live|access-date=6 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>
{{main|COVID-19 pandemic in Costa Rica}}
Since the start of the pandemic, the Ministry of Health, together with the Government, were in charge of informing the general population through a daily press conference. By 6 March, the first confirmed case of COVID-19 is registered after several results obtained by INCIENSA (Costa Rican Institute of Research and Teaching in Nutrition and Health). The 49-year-old American woman was isolated, along with her husband in a San José lodging. There were 2 previous suspected cases under investigation. The positive patient arrived with her husband on Sunday, 1 March without symptoms, at the Juan Santamaría airport, they visited Alajuela and Puntarenas, so investigations were carried out from these areas to follow up on contacts, as well as 152 people traveling on the flight that brought them to the country.<ref>, Costarrican Ministry of Health, 6 March</ref>


On 9 March, due to the nine confirmed cases of COVID-19, the Ministry of Health in coordination with the National Emergency Commission (CNE) reported that from 10 March, events and concentration activities are canceled massive, both free and paid, while teleworking for public institutions is instructed through the Presidential Directive.<ref>, Costarrican Ministry of Health, 9 March</ref>
<ref name="AutoDW-87">{{cite web|url=https://www.guancha.cn/politics/2020_02_02_534119.shtml?s=zwyxgtjdt |script-title=zh:浙江温州严控居民出行：每家每两天可指派1人出门采购|website=guancha.cn|access-date=6 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>


The President Carlos Alvarado and the Minister of Health, Daniel Salas announced, on 12 March, preventive closings to educational centers at risk, the reduction in 50% of the approved capacity of public meeting spaces and suspension of trips abroad for public employees. A telephone line is created for inquiries about COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr/index.php/centro-de-prensa/noticias/741-noticias-2020/1566-segunda-fase-de-atencion-alerta-amarilla-covid-19-cierre-preventivo-a-centros-educativos-en-riesgo-reduccion-en-50-capacidad-de-espacios-de-reunion-y-suspension-de-viajes-al-extranjero-para-empleados-pubicos|title=Segunda fase de atención alerta amarilla COVID-19: Cierre preventivo a centros educativos en riesgo, reducción en 50% capacidad de espacios de reunión y suspensión de viajes al extranjero para empleados públicos |trans-title=Second phase of attention yellow alert COVID-19: Preventive closure to schools at risk, 50% reduction in meeting space capacity and suspension of trips abroad for public employees |website=www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoDW-88">{{cite web|url=https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2020-02-02/doc-iimxyqvy9678941.shtml |script-title=zh:浙江温岭出行管控：每户每两天可派1人出门采购|last=政府网站|date=2 February 2020|publisher=Sina Corp|access-date=6 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>


On 15 March, the Ministry of Health made the decision to instruct a total lockdown placing all citizens in quarantine except for those working in healthcare and delivery restaurant and food services. The closure of bars, clubs and casinos and the amusement park was informed. By this date 35 confirmed cases of COVID-19 are registered in the nation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr/index.php/centro-de-prensa/noticias/741-noticias-2020/1571-ante-covid-19-lineamientos-se-endurecen-con-el-cierre-total-de-bares-discotecas-y-casinos|title=Ante COVID-19: lineamientos se endurecen con el cierre total de bares, discotecas y casinos|website=www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoDW-89">{{cite web|url=http://fcg.gxnews.com.cn/staticpages/20200202/newgx5e36d2ac-19227194.shtml |script-title=zh:防城港：每家每两天可派一人出门采购|website=gxnews.com.cn|access-date=7 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>


On 16 March, The Government declares a state of National Emergency, prevents the arrival of foreigners and lessons are suspended in all schools. Costa Ricans and residents who entered the country will have to carry out mandatory preventive isolation for 14 days. 41 cases are confirmed.<ref>, Ministry of Health, 16 March</ref>
<ref name="AutoDW-90">{{cite web|url=http://www.gxnews.com.cn/staticpages/20200203/newgx5e37606f-19227562-2.shtml |script-title=zh:广西3城市下文:每户家庭每两天可派1人出门采购！|website=gxnews.com.cn|access-date=7 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>


The first death of a patient confirmed by COVID-19 is recorded by 18 March. This is an 87-year-old man who was hospitalized in intensive care at the Alajuela Hospital.<ref>, 18 March, Ministry of Health</ref>
<ref name="auto6">{{cite web|url=http://www.gxnews.com.cn/staticpages/20200203/newgx5e37606f-19227562-3.shtml |script-title=zh:广西3城市下文:每户家庭每两天可派1人出门采购！|website=gxnews.com.cn|access-date=7 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>


By 31 March, were registered 8 in intensive care and 347 people were infected. 4 people recovered.
<ref name=":19">{{cite web|url=http://sx.sina.com.cn/news/b/2020-02-05/detail-iimxxste9021808.shtml |script-title=zh:西安多区、县实行居民出行管控：最多每两天可派1人外出采购|publisher=Sina Corp|access-date=6 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>


=== United States ===
<ref name="AutoDW-91">{{cite web|url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_5762893 |script-title=zh:安徽蚌埠市管控居民出行：每户每两天可派1人出门_抗疫_澎湃新闻-The Paper|website=thepaper.cn|access-date=6 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>
{{main|United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic|U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic|U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic|Trump administration communication during the COVID-19 pandemic}}
On 28 January 2020, the federal government publicly released its approach to COVID-19 testing.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Greenberg |first1=Jon |last2=Knight |first2=Victoria |title=Mostly False: Joe Biden stated on March 15, 2020 in a Democratic primary debate: "The World Health Organization offered the testing kits that they have available and to give it to us now. We refused them. We did not want to buy them." |url=https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/mar/16/joe-biden/biden-falsely-says-trump-administration-rejected-w/ |access-date=30 March 2020 |work=] |date=16 March 2020}}</ref> Despite this, the U.S. testing effort was slow, obscuring the extent of the outbreak.<ref name="WhoriskeyMarch16">{{cite news |last1=Whoriskey |first1=Peter |last2=Satija |first2=Neena |title=How U.S. coronavirus testing stalled: Flawed tests, red tape and resistance to using the millions of tests produced by the WHO |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/03/16/cdc-who-coronavirus-tests/ |access-date=30 March 2020 |newspaper=] |date=16 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="WangMarch22">{{cite news |last1=Wang |first1=Jessica |last2=Huth |first2=Lindsay |last3=Umlauf |first3=Taylor |last4=Wang |first4=Elbert |last5=McKay |first5=Betsy |title=How the CDC's Restrictive Testing Guidelines Hid the Coronavirus Epidemic |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-the-cdcs-restrictive-testing-guidelines-hid-the-coronavirus-epidemic-11584882001 |access-date=30 March 2020 |archive-date=22 March 2020 |work=] |date=22 March 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200322161141/https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-the-cdcs-restrictive-testing-guidelines-hid-the-coronavirus-epidemic-11584882001}}</ref> Many of the 160,000 test kits produced in February were found to be defective and were not used.<ref name="WhoriskeyMarch16" /> Academic laboratories, hospitals and private companies were not allowed to use their own tests until 29 February, when the FDA started issuing approvals for them.<ref name="WhoriskeyMarch16" /> Initially, there were eligibility restrictions for receiving a COVID-19 test (based on recent international travel, hospitalization for respiratory illness, or contact with another person already diagnosed with COVID-19). By 27 February 2020, fewer than 4,000 tests had been conducted in the United States.<ref name="WhoriskeyMarch16" /> On March{{nbsp}}5, 2020, the CDC relaxed its restrictions, allowing doctors to decide whom to test;<ref name="WangMarch22" /> a week later, nearly 14,000 tests had been performed.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Khazan |first1=Olga |title=The 4 Key Reasons the U.S. Is So Behind on Coronavirus Testing |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/03/why-coronavirus-testing-us-so-delayed/607954/ |access-date=30 March 2020 |work=] |date=13 March 2020}}</ref> Federal funding was used to run 41 "community-based testing sites" (CBTS), but the federal government said it would stop this funding on 10 April; as a result of that decision, some of these testing sites were expected to close, shifting demand to hospitals. Those that remain open will likely be funded by states.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/04/08/829955099/federal-support-for-coronavirus-testing-sites-end-as-peak-nears|title=Federal Support Ends For Coronavirus Testing Sites As Pandemic Peak Nears|last=Brady|first=Jeff|date=8 April 2020|website=NPR|access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>


On 31 January 2020, President ] issued a proclamation limiting entry into the United States, as immigrants or nonimmigrants, of all aliens who were physically present within the People's Republic of China, excluding the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau, during the 14-day period preceding their entry or attempted entry into the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/presidential-actions/proclamation-suspension-entry-immigrants-nonimmigrants-persons-pose-risk-transmitting-2019-novel-coronavirus/|via=]|work=]|title=Proclamation on Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Persons who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoDW-92">{{cite web|url=http://www.sohu.com/a/370452915_428290 |script-title=zh:安徽淮北：每户家庭每两天可指派1名成员出门_人员|website=sohu.com|access-date=6 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>


The first six confirmed deaths in the United States were reported in late February 2020 in the ] state of ]. By 8 March 2020, there were 22 U.S. deaths and over 500 reported cases.<ref>, '']'', 9 March 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2020.</ref> A month later, on 8 April, there were 14,000 U.S. deaths and over 430,000 reported cases.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/coronavirus-us-cases.html|title=Coronavirus in the U.S.: Latest Map and Case Count|date=9 April 2020|work=New York Times|access-date=9 April 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoDW-93">{{cite web|url=http://finance.eastmoney.com/a/202002061374506042.html|script-title=zh:温州台州严格控制人员进出 每户每两天可指派1名家庭成员外出采购 _ 东方财富网 |language=zh-cn |website=finance.eastmoney.com|access-date=6 February 2020}}</ref>


The ] surveyed 323 hospitals in late March, reporting "severe shortages" of test supplies, "widespread shortages" of PPE, and other strained resources due to extended patient stays while awaiting test results.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grimm |first1=Christi |title=Hospital Experiences Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a National Pulse Survey March 23–27, 2020 |url=https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-06-20-00300.pdf |access-date=18 April 2020 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Robertson |first1=Lori |title=The HHS Inspector General Report |date=7 April 2020 |url=https://www.factcheck.org/2020/04/the-hhs-inspector-general-report/ |publisher=] |access-date=21 April 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoDW-94">{{cite web|url=http://www.sohu.com/a/370412774_123753 |script-title=zh:杭州多地发"最严禁令" 每户每两天1人外出采购一次_防控|website=sohu.com|access-date=6 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>


===Other countries and territories===
<ref name="AutoDW-95">{{cite web|url=http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2020/02-03/9076749.shtml |script-title=zh:湖北鄂州：主城区家庭每户每两天指派1人上街采购生活物资-中新网|website=chinanews.com|access-date=6 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>
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<ref name="AutoDW-96">{{cite web|url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_5792873 |script-title=zh:深夜突发！南京、宁波、福州、哈尔滨…所有小区封闭管理！最狠这座城:每户5天只能1人外出采购1次_媒体_澎湃新闻-The Paper|website=thepaper.cn|access-date=6 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>


==Oceania==
<ref name="AutoDW-97">{{cite web|url=http://www.xhby.net/xz/yw/202002/t20200204_6493508.shtml |script-title=zh:今日12时至8日24时，徐州严格实行社区居民出行管控等措施_新华报业网|website=xhby.net|access-date=6 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>
===Fiji===
{{Main|COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji}}


At the beginning of February, the ] announced a travel ban to China.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/fiji-to-close-boarders-to-foreign-nationals-amidst-coronavirus-outbreak/|title=Fiji toughens on border entry amidst coronavirus concerns|website=Fiji Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref> As the disease started spreading to other countries, Fiji extended the travel ban to Italy, Iran and South Korea.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/410521/coronavirus-fiji-extends-travel-ban-amid-growing-concerns|title=Coronavirus: Fiji extends travel ban amid growing concerns|website=amp.rnz.co.nz|access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoDW-98">{{cite web|url=https://www.guancha.cn/politics/2020_02_04_534547.shtml |script-title=zh:江西景德镇严控居民出行：每户每2天限1人外出采购|website=guancha.cn|access-date=6 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>


However, on 19 March, Fiji confirmed its first case of COVID-19 in ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fijivillage.com/news/COVID-19-patient-is-a-27-year-old-flight-attendant-who-had-recent-travel-history-to-USA-and-NZ---Dr-Sahukhan-4x8rf5/|title=COVID-19 patient is a 27-year-old flight attendant who had recent travel history to USA and NZ – Dr. Sahukhan|last=Fijivillage|website=www.fijivillage.com|access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref> As a precautionary measure, the Government of Fiji announced the lockdown of the city until 7 April 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fijitimes.com/covid-19-lautoka-schools-closed-until-further-notice/|title=COVID-19: Lautoka schools closed until further notice|website=FijiTimes|date=19 March 2020 |access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref> and the travel ban was further extended to the United States and the whole of Europe including the United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/covid-19/pm-announces-major-restrictions-including-closure-of-some-services-due-to-covid-19/|title=PM announces major restrictions due to COVID-19|last=Singh |first=Indra |website=Fiji Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref> On 26 March, the country closed its ] in ] and all local shipping services was ceased.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nadi Airport to close, shipping services end Sunday|url=https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/covid-19/nadi-airport-to-close-shipping-services-end-sunday/|last=Singh |first=Indra |website=Fiji Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=29 May 2020}}</ref> Later on 2 April, the Government announced a lockdown of ], after confirmed cases in the ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/covid-19/fiji-confirms-latest-cases-of-covid-19/|title=Nabua couple are latest COVID-19 patients, Suva in lockdown from tomorrow|last=Singh |first=Indra |website=Fiji Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoDW-99">{{cite web|url=https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2020-02-04/doc-iimxxste8873987.shtml |script-title=zh:哈尔滨所有小区封闭管理 每户每两天可1人外出|last=北京日报客户端|date=4 February 2020|publisher=Sina Corp|access-date=6 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>


As the cases rose, ] ] announced a nationwide ] from 8pm to 5am and social gatherings was banned. Schools and non-essential services was closed and the public was advised to stay at home and practice good hygiene.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fijitimes.com/nationwide-curfew-to-come-into-effect-from-sunday/|title=COVID-19: Nationwide curfew to come into effect from Monday|website=FijiTimes|date=26 March 2020 |access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoDW-100">{{cite web|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/370748379_161795 |script-title=zh:多地防控升级：驻马店一区限每户5天1人外出，宁波实名买退烧药|date=5 February 2020|website=sohu.com|url-status=live|access-date=6 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>


===New Zealand===
<ref name="AutoDW-101">{{cite web|url=http://news.xiancity.cn/system/2020/02/06/030712285.shtml |script-title=zh:西安多个区加强管控 小区封闭式管理外出采购仅限一人-新闻频道-西安网|website=news.xiancity.cn|access-date=6 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>
{{Main|New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic}}


On 28 January, the Ministry of Health set up the National Health Coordination Centre (NHCC) in response to the outbreak. On 3 February, the New Zealand Government announced that foreign travellers who left from China would be denied entry to New Zealand, with only New Zealand citizens and permanent residents and their family being allowed to enter.
<ref name="AutoDW-102">{{cite web|url=http://news.hsw.cn/system/2020/0205/1153102.shtml |script-title=zh:西安市莲湖区发布关于实施疫情防控"十项规定"的通告|website=news.hsw.cn|access-date=7 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>


New Zealand confirmed its first case of COVID-19 on 28 February, a New Zealand citizen in his 60s who had recently visited Iran. The travel ban was extended to include Iran on the same day.
<ref name="AutoDW-103">{{cite web|url=https://news.sina.com.cn/o/2020-02-04/doc-iimxxste8882271.shtml |script-title=zh:宁波疫情防控措施再升级：每户每两天可由1名成员外出采购|last=一财资讯|date=4 February 2020|publisher=Sina Corp|access-date=6 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>


17 March: Health Minister David Clark announced that the Government would deport foreign tourists who flout self-quarantine restrictions. Immigration New Zealand placed two foreign tourists into forced quarantine for defying Government requirements to self-quarantine for two weeks. Finance Minister Grant Robertson announced a NZ$12.1 billion COVID-19 business package. Logan Park High School in Dunedin closed for 48 hours after one of its students tested positive for COVID-19
<ref name="AutoDW-104">{{cite web|url=http://www.wxrb.com/news/ywtx/202002/t20200206_1515937.shtml |script-title=zh:江苏各地实施小区封闭式管理 防控手段请了解|website=wxrb.com|access-date=7 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>


18 March: The Royal New Zealand Returned and Services' Association announced that all Anzac Day services, scheduled for 25 April, would be cancelled.
<ref name="AutoDW-105">{{cite web|url=https://www.takefoto.cn/viewnews-2037146.html |script-title=zh:合肥实行封闭式管理，每两天1名家庭成员外出采购|website=takefoto.cn|access-date=6 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>


19 March: The government required the cancellation of mass indoor events with more than 100 people. Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern announced the closure of New Zealand's borders to all but New Zealand citizens and residents, with effect after 11:59 pm on Thursday night.
<ref name="AutoDW-106">{{cite web|url=http://365jia.cn/news/2020-02-04/15FA94A8F64B6E99.html |script-title=zh:刚刚！阜阳市发布严控村(居)民出行通告：每户每两天可派1人外出采购|website=365jia.cn|url-status=live|access-date=6 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>


21 March: Local councils in New Zealand's main centres announced the closures of public facilities including swimming pools, libraries, recreation centres, community centres, art galleries, and museums.
<ref name="AutoDW-107">{{cite web|url=http://news.syd.com.cn/system/2020/02/05/011788506.shtml |script-title=zh:本溪市居民小区每户家庭每两天可指派1名家庭成员外出釆购生活物资|website=news.syd.com.cn|access-date=7 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>


23 March: Prime Minister Ardern raised the COVID-19 alert level from two to three and announced the closure of all schools beginning on that day. The Government also announced that they would raise the national alert level to four at 11:59pm on 25 March, which would lead to a nationwide lockdown, for a period of four weeks. While all sporting matches and events as well as non-essential services such as pools, bars, cafes, restaurants, playgrounds are required to close in 48 hours, essential services such as supermarkets, petrol stations, and health services will remain open.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12319029|title=Covid 19 coronavirus alert 3: New Zealand to move to alert 4 lockdown for next four weeks – Jacinda Ardern says schools closed, essential services only|first=Derek|last=Cheng|date=23 March 2020|work=New Zealand Herald|access-date=27 March 2020|via=www.nzherald.co.nz}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoDW-108">{{cite web|url=https://sichuan.scol.com.cn/ggxw/202002/57470801.html |script-title=zh:阿坝州：每户家庭每两天指派1名家庭成员外出采购_四川在线|website=sichuan.scol.com.cn|access-date=6 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>


8 June: New Zealand lifts all domestic restrictions from COVID-19 after reporting no new cases for over two weeks. However, entry to New Zealand remained restricted.<ref>{{Cite news|date=8 June 2020|title=NZ lifts Covid restrictions as virus cases hit zero|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-52961539|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoDW-109">{{cite web|url=https://sichuan.scol.com.cn/ggxw/202002/57472224.html |script-title=zh:甘孜州发布公告 所有村组、居民小区、单位实行封闭式管理_四川在线|website=sichuan.scol.com.cn|access-date=6 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>


16 June: The country gets new cases of COVID after two women returned to New Zealand from the UK after they were given an exemption to travel. In response, David Clark suspended compassionate exemptions.<ref>{{Cite news|date=16 June 2020|title=NZ's first Covid cases in 24 days came from UK|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-53059633|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoDW-110">{{cite web|url=http://www.gxnews.com.cn/staticpages/20200207/newgx5e3c3801-19241167.shtml |script-title=zh:暂停外地居民接待、购买药品需实名……广西多地实行"最严管控"-广西新闻网|website=gxnews.com.cn|access-date=6 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>


===Other countries and territories===
<ref name="AutoDW-111">{{cite web|url=http://finance.eastmoney.com/a/202002061374161326.html|script-title=zh:桂林市新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情防控工作领导小组|website=eastmoney.com |language=zh-cn |access-date=7 February 2020}}</ref>
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<ref name="AutoDW-112">{{cite web|url=http://www.gxnews.com.cn/staticpages/20200207/newgx5e3c3801-19241167-2.shtml |script-title=zh:暂停外地居民接待、购买药品需实名……广西多地实行"最严管控"-广西新闻网|website=gxnews.com.cn|access-date=6 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>


==South America==
<ref name="AutoDW-113">{{cite web|url=http://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2020-02-06/1405947.html |script-title=zh:累计确诊新冠肺炎600例 江西全省所有村组小区一律封闭管理|website=nbd.com.cn|access-date=6 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>
{{main|COVID-19 pandemic in South America}}


=== Brazil ===
<ref name="AutoDW-114">{{cite web|url=http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2020/02-06/9081041.shtml|script-title=zh:咸阳出台疫情防控十条措施 每户每周可两次指派1人外采-中新网|website=chinanews.com|language=zh-cn|access-date=6 February 2020}}</ref>
Brazilian president ] has been criticized due to "lax handling" of the outbreak and after calling it a "fantasy".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-brazil/coronavirus-thumps-brazil-prompting-nationwide-cries-of-bolsonaro-out-idUSKBN2152FK|title=Coronavirus thumps Brazil, prompting nationwide cries of 'Bolsonaro Out!'|website=Reuters.com|date=19 March 2020|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref> His lack of action has also prompted many protests across the country since 18 March 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/22/brazilians-protest-bolsonaro-coronavirus-panelaco |title=Brazilians protest over Bolsonaro's muddled coronavirus response|work=The Guardian|date=22 March 2020|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oglobo.globo.com/brasil/panelacos-contra-bolsonaro-acontecem-em-varias-cidades-do-pais-1-24313585|title=Panelaços contra Bolsonaro acontecem em várias cidades do país|website=O GLOBO|date=18 March 2020|language=pt|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref> Days before, on 15 March, Bolsonaro received harsh criticism after attending a pro-government demonstration in ] on which he had physical contact with more than two hundred people, against the recommendations of his own Minister of Health.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2020/03/15/mesmo-com-recomendacao-de-monitoramento-por-coronavirus-bolsonaro-participa-de-carro-de-ato-em-brasilia.ghtml|title=Bolsonaro descumpre monitoramento por coronavírus, participa de ato e cumprimenta apoiadores no DF|website=G1|date=15 March 2020 |language=pt|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2020/03/16/interna_politica,834570/bolsonaro-teve-contato-direto-com-ao-menos-272-pessoas-durante-ato-df.shtml|title=Bolsonaro teve contato direto com ao menos 272 pessoas durante ato no DF|website=Correio Braziliense|date=16 March 2020 |language=pt |access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref> Following the event, the president of the ], ], said that Bolsonaro's acts were an "attack on public health", going against his own government guidelines, while ], president of the ], classified Bolsonaro's behaviour as "inconsequential".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oglobo.globo.com/brasil/bolsonaro-comete-atentado-saude-publica-em-manifestacao-diz-maia-24306764|title="Bolsonaro comete 'atentado à saúde pública' em manifestação", diz Maia|website=O GLOBO|date=15 March 2020|language=pt|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref> The Brazilian Ministry of Health has also been criticized for not providing enough test kits, which may muddle the efforts to contain the outbreak in the country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://piaui.folha.uol.com.br/pouco-teste-para-muito-virus/|title=POUCO TESTE PARA MUITO VÍRUS|website=Piauí|language=pt|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.redebrasilatual.com.br/saude-e-ciencia/2020/03/ausencia-de-testes-de-coronavirus-e-derrota-para-o-pais-diz-infectologista/|title=Ausência de testes de coronavírus é derrota para o país, diz infectologista|website=redebrasilatual.com.br|date=19 March 2020|language=pt|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref>


===Other countries and territories===
<ref name="AutoDW-115">{{cite web|url=http://www.1m3d.com/thread-591947-1-1.html|script-title=zh:锦州市新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎 疫情防控指挥部令 第4号 |trans-title=Order for Prevention and Control of Pneumonia of New Coronavirus Infection in Jinzhou City No. 4 |date=6 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206172140/http://www.1m3d.com/thread-591947-1-1.html |archive-date=7 February 2020|access-date=6 February 2020}}</ref>
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<ref name="AutoDW-116">{{cite web|url=http://jl.sina.com.cn/news/b/2020-02-06/detail-iimxxste9261682.shtml |script-title=zh:长春市宽城区：每户家庭每两天可派一人出门采购生活物资|publisher=Sina Corp|access-date=6 February 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref>


==Debate==
<ref name="AutoDW-117">{{cite web|url=http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2020/02-06/9081537.shtml|script-title=zh:河北唐山对所有村庄、小区、单位实行封闭式管理|website=chinanews.com|access-date=7 February 2020}}</ref>
The response to the pandemic has resulted in unprecedented expansion of government power. Advocates of small government worry that the state will be reluctant to give up that power once the crisis is over, as has often been the case historically.<ref>''The Economist'', 28 March 2020, page 7.</ref>


==See also==
<ref name="AutoDW-118">{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-02/16/content_5479534.htm |script-title=zh:各地逾2.5万名医疗队员支援湖北|date=16 February 2020|work=People's Daily|language=Chinese}}</ref>
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==Notes==
{{notelist}}


==References==
<ref name="Outbreak">{{cite news |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202001230201.aspx |date=23 January 2020 |language=zh |script-title=zh:比照SARS集中醫治 武漢擬6天建千床醫療站 – 兩岸 – 重點新聞 |access-date=23 January 2020 |agency=]}}</ref>
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<ref name="JHMap">{{cite web |title=Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases by Johns Hopkins CSSE |url=https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6 |publisher=] (JHU)|website=gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com |access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="20200128www">{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-01/28/content_5472565.htm |script-title=zh:李克强督战武汉"小汤山"医院建设：把这里建成遏制疫情蔓延的"安全岛" |date=28 January 2020 |website=gov.cn|language=Chinese}}</ref>

<ref name="Xinhua Huoshenshan">{{Cite news |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/24/c_138731107.htm |title=Wuhan to follow Beijing's SARS treatment model in new coronavirus control |date=24 January 2020 |access-date=24 January 2020 |agency=Xinhua News Agency}}</ref>

<ref name="20200124theguardian-plans">{{cite news | last=Siddique | first=Haroon | title=Chinese city plans to build coronavirus hospital in days | website=] | date=24 January 2020 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/jan/24/chinese-city-wuhan-plans-to-build-coronavirus-hospital-in-six-days | access-date=13 February 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="chinanews9069083">{{Cite news |last=Xu |first=Jinbo |url=http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2020/01-25/9069083.shtml |date=25 January 2020 |access-date=25 January 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125151457/http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2020/01-25/9069083.shtml |archive-date=25 January 2020 |agency=China News Service |language=zh |script-title=zh:特别的除夕：武汉吹响建设火神山医院"集结号" |trans-title=A special Lunar New Year's Eve: Wuhan sound the rally for building Huoshenshan hospital}}</ref>
<ref name="metro12142899">{{Cite news |last=Hartley-Parkinson |first=Richard |url=https://metro.co.uk/2020/01/29/china-opens-1000-bed-coronavirus-hospital-just-48-hours-construction-12142899/ |title=China completes 1,000-bed coronavirus hospital in just 48 hours |date=29 January 2020 |access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="bjnews681160">{{cite web |url=http://www.bjnews.com.cn/feature/2020/01/29/681160.html |title=雷神山医院病床增至1600张 |date=29 January 2020 |website=bjnews.com.cn |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129091625/http://www.bjnews.com.cn/feature/2020/01/29/681160.html |archive-date=29 January 2020 |access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="yicai20200131">{{cite web |url=https://m.yicai.com/news/100484980.html |title=火神山、雷神山医院将于2月3日和2月6日收治病人 |date=31 January 2020 |access-date=10 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202000801/https://m.yicai.com/news/100484980.html |archive-date=2 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="people33744294">{{Cite news |last=He |first=Guanghua |url=http://hb.people.com.cn/n2/2020/0125/c192237-33744294.html |date=25 January 2020 |work=People's Daily |access-date=25 January 2020 |url-status=live |last2=Tian |first2=Doudou |language=zh |script-title=zh:武汉将再建一个"小汤山"医院 |trans-title=Wuhan to build another "Xiaotangshan" hospital}}</ref>

<ref name="AutoDW-184">{{Cite news |url=https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/cnnews/20200125/bkn-20200125070552541-0125_00952_001.html |date=25 January 2020 |work=Oriental Daily News |access-date=25 January 2020 |url-status=live |language=zh |script-title=zh:武漢肺炎︰火神山首階段施工近完成　當局再建雷神山 |trans-title=Wuhan Pneumonia: First stage of Huoshenshan Hospital construction nearing completion, authorities to build Leishenshan Hospital}}</ref>

<ref name="AutoDW-185">{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/cf24d4b2-4d5a-11ea-95a0-43d18ec715f5|title=China seizes hotels, hospitals and cars to fight coronavirus | work=]|date=12 February 2020|first1=Sun |last1=Yu |first2=Ryan |last2=McMorrow |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

<ref name="AutoDW-201">{{cite web|url=https://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/02/21/news/coronavirus_codogno_castiglione_d_adda_contagiati_misure_sicurezza-249154447/|title=Coronavirus, in dieci comuni lombardi: 50 mila persone costrette a restare in casa. Quarantena all'ospedale milanese di Baggio|date=21 February 2020|website=la Repubblica|language=it|access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref> <ref name="AutoDW-201">{{cite web|url=https://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/02/21/news/coronavirus_codogno_castiglione_d_adda_contagiati_misure_sicurezza-249154447/|title=Coronavirus, in dieci comuni lombardi: 50 mila persone costrette a restare in casa. Quarantena all'ospedale milanese di Baggio|date=21 February 2020|website=la Repubblica|language=it|access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="AutoDW-202">{{cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/02/22/news/decreto_governo_contro_coronavirus-249308355/|title=Coronavirus, decreto del governo: nei comuni focolaio stop ad ingressi ed uscite. Conte: "Non trasformeremo l'Italia in un lazzaretto"|date=22 February 2020|website=la Repubblica|language=it|access-date=22 February 2020}}</ref> <ref name="AutoDW-202">{{cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2020/02/22/news/decreto_governo_contro_coronavirus-249308355/|title=Coronavirus, decreto del governo: nei comuni focolaio stop ad ingressi ed uscite. Conte: "Non trasformeremo l'Italia in un lazzaretto"|date=22 February 2020|website=la Repubblica|language=it|access-date=22 February 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="AutoDW-203">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/51599748|title=Coronavirus: Inter Milan v Sampdoria among Serie A games postponed|date=22 February 2020|work=BBC Sport|access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref> <ref name="AutoDW-203">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/51599748|title=Coronavirus: Inter Milan v Sampdoria among Serie A games postponed|date=22 February 2020|work=BBC Sport|access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoDW-204">{{cite web|url=https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/coronavirus-chi-viola-quarantena-rischia-l-arresto-fino-tre-mesi-ACrcnLLB|title=Coronavirus, come funziona la quarantena e cosa rischia chi la viola (l'arresto)|website=Il Sole 24 ORE|date=22 February 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="AutoDW-205">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-51602007|title=Venice Carnival closes amid coronavirus pandemic|date=23 February 2020|publisher=BBC}}</ref>
}}


== External links ==
<ref name="AutoDW-204">{{cite web|url=https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/coronavirus-chi-viola-quarantena-rischia-l-arresto-fino-tre-mesi-ACrcnLLB|title=Coronavirus, come funziona la quarantena e cosa rischia chi la viola (l'arresto)|website=Il Sole 24 ORE}}</ref>
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{{COVID-19 pandemic}}
<ref name="AutoDW-205">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-51602007|title=Venice Carnival closes amid coronavirus outbreak|date=23 February 2020|publisher=BBC}}</ref>
{{Portal bar|COVID-19}}
}}


==External links==
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{{2019–20 coronavirus outbreak}}
{{PHEIC}}
{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Domestic responses to the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Domestic responses to the COVID-19 pandemic}}
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Latest revision as of 06:52, 22 January 2025

This article is about government responses to the outbreak. For information on the status of the outbreak by country, see COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory. See also: Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic

This article may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience. Please help by spinning off or relocating any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against Misplaced Pages's inclusion policy. (April 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Part of a series on the
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Timeline
2019
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Locations
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Illustration showing how COVID-19 spreads and the impact of isolation on it

National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have been varied, and have included containment measures such as lockdowns, quarantines, and curfews. As of 21 January 2025, 777,309,629 cases of COVID-19 have been reported, resulting in 7,083,233 reported deaths. The most affected countries in terms of confirmed cases are the United States, Brazil, India, Russia, South Africa, Peru, Mexico, Chile, the United Kingdom, and Iran.

Lockdowns

COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns
Country / territory Place First lockdown Second lockdown Third lockdown Fourth lockdown Fifth lockdown Sixth lockdown Seventh lockdown Eighth lockdown Total length (days) Level
Start date End date Length (days) Start date End date Length (days) Start date End date Length (days) Start date End date Length (days) Start date End date Length (days) Start date End date Length (days) Start date End date Length (days) Start date End date Length (days)
Albania 2020-03-13 2020-06-01 80 80 National
Algeria Algiers 2020-03-23 2020-05-14 52 52 City
Blida
Argentina Greater Buenos Aires 2020-03-19 2020-11-08 234 2021-05-22 2021-05-30 9 2021-06-05 2021-06-06 2 245 Metropolitan area
Rest of the country 2020-03-19 2020-05-10 52 2021-05-22 2021-05-30 9 2021-06-05 2021-06-06 2 63 National
Armenia 2020-03-24 2020-05-04 41 41 National
Australia Melbourne 2020-03-31 2020-05-12 43 2020-07-09 2020-10-27 111 2021-02-13 2021-02-17 5 2021-05-28 2021-06-10 14 2021-07-16 2021-07-27 12 2021-08-05 2021-10-21 78 263 Metropolitan area
Greater Shepparton 2020-03-31 2020-05-12 43 2020-08-06 2020-09-16 41 2021-02-13 2021-02-17 5 2021-05-28 2021-06-03 7 2021-07-16 2021-07-27 12 2021-08-05 2021-08-09 5 2021-08-21 2021-09-15 25 2021-10-02 2021-10-09 7 145 Local government area
Ballarat 2020-03-31 2020-05-12 43 2020-08-06 2020-09-16 41 2021-02-13 2021-02-17 5 2021-05-28 2021-06-03 7 2021-07-16 2021-07-27 12 2021-08-05 2021-08-09 5 2021-08-21 2021-09-09 20 2021-09-16 2021-09-22 7 140
Greater Geelong 2020-03-31 2020-05-12 43 2020-08-06 2020-09-16 41 2021-02-13 2021-02-17 5 2021-05-28 2021-06-03 7 2021-07-16 2021-07-27 12 2021-08-05 2021-08-09 5 2021-08-21 2021-09-09 20 2021-09-20 2021-09-26 7 140
Surf Coast Shire 2020-03-31 2020-05-12 43 2020-08-06 2020-09-16 41 2021-02-13 2021-02-17 5 2021-05-28 2021-06-03 7 2021-07-16 2021-07-27 12 2021-08-05 2021-08-09 5 2021-08-21 2021-09-09 20 2021-09-20 2021-09-26 7 140
Mitchell Shire 2020-03-31 2020-05-12 43 2020-07-09 2020-09-16 70 2021-02-13 2021-02-17 5 2021-05-28 2021-06-03 7 2021-07-16 2021-07-27 12 2021-08-05 2021-08-09 5 2021-08-21 2021-09-09 20 2021-09-20 2021-10-13 24 186
Mildura 2020-03-31 2020-05-12 43 2020-08-06 2020-09-16 41 2021-02-13 2021-02-17 5 2021-05-28 2021-06-03 7 2021-07-16 2021-07-27 12 2021-08-05 2021-08-09 5 2021-08-21 2021-09-09 20 2021-10-09 2021-10-22 14 147
Latrobe Valley 2020-03-31 2020-05-12 43 2020-08-06 2020-09-16 41 2021-02-13 2021-02-17 5 2021-05-28 2021-06-03 7 2021-07-16 2021-07-27 12 2021-08-05 2021-08-09 5 2021-08-21 2021-09-09 20 2021-09-29 2021-10-06 7 140 Region
Rest of regional Victoria 2020-03-31 2020-05-12 43 2020-08-06 2020-09-16 41 2021-02-13 2021-02-17 5 2021-05-28 2021-06-03 7 2021-07-16 2021-07-27 12 2021-08-05 2021-08-09 5 2021-08-21 2021-09-09 20 133 State
South Australia 2020-11-19 2020-11-22 3 2021-07-21 2021-07-27 7 62
Southern Tasmania 2021-10-16 2021-10-19 3 55
Northern Beaches (NSW) 2020-12-19 2021-01-10 22 2021-06-26 2021-10-11 107 181 Local government area
Brisbane 2021-01-08 2021-01-11 3 2021-03-29 2021-04-01 3 2021-06-29 2021-07-03 4 2021-07-31 2021-08-08 8 67 Metropolitan area
Perth 2021-01-31 2021-02-05 5 2021-04-23 2021-04-26 3 2021-06-28 2021-07-02 4 61 Metropolitan area
Peel 2021-01-31 2021-02-05 5 2021-04-23 2021-04-26 3 2021-06-28 2021-07-02 4 61 Region
South West 2021-01-31 2021-02-05 5 57
Illawarra 2021-06-26 2021-10-11 107 159
Greater Sydney 2021-06-26 2021-10-11 107 159 Metropolitan area
Darwin 2021-06-27 2021-07-02 5 2021-08-16 2021-08-19 3 57 Metropolitan area
South East Queensland 2021-06-29 2021-07-02 3 2021-07-31 2021-08-08 8 63 Region
Townsville 2021-06-29 2021-07-02 3 2021-07-31 2021-08-08 8 63 Metropolitan area
Alice Springs 2021-06-30 2021-07-03 3 55 Metropolitan area
Central West 2021-07-20 2021-07-27 7 2021-08-14 2021-10-11 58 117 Region
Hunter Region 2021-08-05 2021-10-11 67 119
Upper Hunter 2021-08-05 2021-09-16 42 94
Muswellbrook 2021-08-05 2021-09-16 42 2021-09-28 2021-10-11 13 107 Local government area
Armidale 2021-08-07 2021-09-10 34 87
Cairns Region 2021-08-08 2021-08-11 3 55 Region
Yarrabah 2021-08-08 2021-08-11 3 55 Local government area
Richmond Valley 2021-08-09 2021-09-10 32 84
Lismore 2021-08-09 2021-09-10 32 2021-09-16 2021-09-23 7 2021-10-03 2021-10-11 8 99
Byron Shire 2021-08-09 2021-09-10 32 2021-09-21 2021-09-28 7 91
Ballina 2021-08-09 2021-09-10 32 84
Tamworth 2021-08-09 2021-09-10 32 84
Dubbo 2021-08-11 2021-10-11 61 113
Australian Capital Territory 2021-08-12 2021-10-15 61 114 Territory
Regional NSW 2021-08-14 2021-09-10 28 81 Region
Mid-Coast 2021-08-14 2021-09-10 28 81 Local government area
South Coast 2021-08-14 2021-10-11 57 109 Region
Bega Valley 2021-08-14 2021-09-16 33 85 Local government area
Goulburn–Mulwaree 2021-08-14 2021-10-11 57 109
Snowy Monaro 2021-08-14 2021-09-16 33 2021-09-30 2021-10-11 11 96
Yass Valley 2021-08-14 2021-09-10 28 2021-09-14 2021-09-27 14 94
Albury (NSW) 2021-08-14 2021-09-10 28 2021-09-16 2021-09-23 7 87
Cowra 2021-08-14 2021-09-10 28 2021-09-20 2021-10-05 14 94
Glen Innes Severn (NSW) 2021-08-14 2021-09-10 28 2021-09-17 2021-09-24 7 87
Hilltops (NSW) 2021-08-14 2021-09-10 28 2021-09-17 2021-10-01 14 94
Port Macquarie-Hastings 2021-08-14 2021-09-10 28 2021-09-28 2021-10-05 7 87
Oberon 2021-08-14 2021-09-10 28 2021-09-29 2021-10-11 12 92
Gunnedah 2021-08-14 2021-09-10 28 2021-10-05 2021-10-11 6 86
Casino 2021-08-14 2021-09-10 28 2021-10-02 2021-10-11 9 89 Town
Rest of the country 2020-03-23 2020-05-15 52 52 National
Austria 2020-03-16 2020-04-13 28 2020-11-03 2020-11-30 27 2020-12-26 2021-02-07 43 2021-11-22 2021-12-11 20 118
Azerbaijan 2020-03-31 2020-08-30 152 152
Bangladesh 2020-03-26 2020-05-16 51 2021-04-05 2021-07-14 100 2021-07-23 2021-08-10 18 169
Barbados 2020-03-28 2020-05-03 36 36
Belgium 2020-03-18 2020-05-04 47 2020-11-02 2020-12-14 42 2021-03-27 2021-04-26 30 119
Bermuda 2020-04-04 2020-05-02 28 28
Bhutan 2020-08-11 2020-09-01 21 21
Bolivia 2020-03-22 2020-07-31 131 131
Botswana 2020-04-02 2020-04-30 28 28
Brazil Santa Catarina 2020-03-17 2020-04-07 21 21 State
São Paulo 2020-03-24 2020-05-10 47 47
Bulgaria 2020-03-13 2020-06-15 94 2020-11-28 (de facto) 2021-01-31 65 2021-03-22 2021-03-31 10 169 National
Cambodia Phnom Penh 2021-04-15 2021-05-05 21 21 Municipality
Ta Khmau
Canada British Columbia 2020-03-18 2020-05-18 61 2020-11-07 2021-01-08 62 123 Province
Ontario 2020-03-17 2020-05-14 58 2021-04-03 2021-05-01 28 86
Ontario - South 2020-12-26 2021-01-23 28 2021-04-08 2021-06-02 55 83 Region
Ontario - North 2020-12-26 2021-01-09 14 14
Quebec 2020-03-18 2020-05-04 47 2020-12-25 2021-01-11 18 65 Province
Colombia 2020-03-25 2020-06-30 97 97 National
Congo 2020-03-31 2020-04-20 20 20
Costa Rica 2020-03-23 2020-05-01 39 39
Croatia 2020-03-18 2020-05-11 32 2020-12-22 2020-12-29 7 39
Cyprus 2020-03-24 2020-04-13 20 2021-01-10 2021-01-31 21 2021-04-26 2021-05-09 13 54
Czech Republic 2020-03-16 2020-04-12 27 2020-10-22 2021-03-28 174 201
Denmark 2020-03-12 2020-04-13 33 2020-12-25 2021-03-01 66 99
Ecuador 2020-03-16 2020-03-31 15 15
El Salvador 2020-03-12 2020-04-02 21 21
Eritrea 2020-04-02 2020-04-23 21 21
Estonia 2021-03-11 2021-04-11 31 31 National
Fiji Lautoka 2020-03-20 2020-04-07 18 2021-04-19 18 City
Suva 2020-04-03 2020-04-17 14 14
France Nationwide 2020-03-17 2020-05-11 55 2020-10-30 2020-12-15 46 2021-04-04 2021-05-03 29 130 National
Paris 2021-03-19 2021-04-18 30 131 Region
Finland 2021-03-08 2021-03-28 20 20 National
Georgia 2020-03-31 2020-04-21 21 21
Germany different regionally 2020-03-16 2020-05-30
to 2020-05-11 		76 2020-11-02 2021-03-01 to 2021-06-11 119 to 222 179 to 298
Berchtesgadener Land 2020-10-20 2020-11-03 14 43 to 64 District
Ghana Accra 2020-03-30 2020-04-12 13 13 Metropolitan area
Kumasi
Greece Nationwide 2020-03-23 2020-05-04 42 2020-11-07 2021-03-22 135 177 National
Thessaloniki 2020-11-03 139 181 Regional unit
Serres
Guernsey 2020-03-25 2020-06-20 87 2021-01-23 2021-02-22 30 117 National
Honduras 2020-03-20 2020-05-17 58 58
Hungary 2020-03-28 2020-04-10 13 13
India Nationwide 2020-03-25 2020-06-07 74 74
Bengaluru 2021-04-27 2021-05-09 12 12 Region
Delhi 2021-04-19 2021-05-31 42 42 Region
Haryana 2021-05-03 2021-05-10 7 7 State
Maharashtra 2021-04-14 2021-06-15 62 62 State
Odisha 2021-05-05 2021-05-19 14 14 State
Rajasthan 2021-05-10 2021-06-08 29 29 State
Uttar Pradesh 2021-04-30 2021-05-10 10 10 State
Iran 2020-03-14 2020-04-20 37 2021-04-14 2021-04-24 14 47 National
Iraq 2020-03-22 2020-04-11 20 20
Ireland All 26 counties 2020-03-12 2020-05-18 67 2020-10-21 2020-12-01 41 2020-12-24 2021-04-12 119 227
Kildare 2020-08-07 2020-08-31 24 24 Regional
Laois 2020-08-21 14 14
Offaly
Israel Bnei Brak 2020-04-02 2020-04-16 14 30 42 86 City
Nationwide 2020-09-18 2020-10-18 2020-12-27 2021-02-07 72 National
Italy Nationwide 2020-03-09 2020-05-18 70 2020-12-24 2021-01-06 13 2021-03-15 2021-04-30 46 129 National
Lombardy 2020-11-06 2020-12-03 27 2021-01-17 2021-01-30 13 110 Region
Piedmont 2020-11-06 2020-12-03 97
Aosta Valley 2020-11-06 2020-12-03
Calabria 2020-11-06 2020-12-03
Sicily 2021-01-17 2021-01-30 13 83
Province of Bolzano 2021-01-17 2021-01-30 Province
Jamaica Saint Catherine 2020-04-15 2020-04-22 7 7 Parish
Jordan 2020-03-18 2020-04-30 43 2020-11-10 2020-11-15 5 48 National
Kosovo 2020-03-14 2020-05-04 51 51
Kuwait 2020-05-10 2020-05-31 21 21
Lebanon 2020-03-15 2020-03-28 13 2020-11-14 2020-11-28 14 27
Libya 2020-03-22 2020-06-27 97 97
Lithuania 2020-03-16 2020-06-18 94 2020-11-07 2020-11-28 21 115
Madagascar Antananarivo 2020-03-23 2020-04-20 28 28 City
Toamasina
Malaysia 2020-03-18 2020-06-09 83 2021-01-13 2021-02-10 28 2021-06-01 2021-08-16 76 187 National
Mexico Nationwide 2020-03-23 2020-06-01 70 70
Chihuahua 2020-10-23 2020-12-06 44 114 State
Durango 2020-11-03 2020-12-06 33 103
Baja California 2020-12-07 70
Mexico City 2020-12-19 70
State of Mexico 2020-12-19 70
Morelos 2021-01-04 70
Guanajuato 2021-01-04 70
Mongolia 2020-03-10 2020-03-16 6 2020-11-17 2020-12-01 15 21 National
Montenegro Tuzi 2020-03-24 2020-05-05 42 42 Municipality
Morocco 2020-03-19 2020-06-10 83 83 National
Myanmar 		Yangon 2020-04-18 2020-07-01 74 2020-09-01 2021-04-10 220 2021-07-08 2021-10-27 111 405 City
Namibia 2020-03-27 2020-05-04 38 38
Nepal Nepal Nationwide 2020-03-24 2020-07-21 120 120
Kathmandu 2020-08-20 2020-09-09 21 141 City
Netherlands 2020-03-15 2020-04-06 22 2020-12-15 2021-06-05 172 2021-12-19 2022-01-14 26 220 National
New Zealand Nationwide 2020-03-23 2020-05-13 52 2021-08-18 2021-09-07 21 73 National
Auckland 2020-08-12 2020-08-30 19 2021-02-14 2021-02-17 3 2021-02-28 2021-03-07 7 2021-08-18 2021-11-29(TBC) 104 185 Region
Nigeria Abuja 2020-03-30 2020-04-12 13 13 City
Lagos
Ogun State
Northern Cyprus 2020-03-30 2020-05-04 35 35 National
North Korea Nationwide 2022-05-12 not set not set National
Kaesong 2020-07-25 2020-08-14 20 20 City
Oman Muscat 2020-04-10 2020-05-29 49 49 Governorate
Jalan Bani Bu Ali 2020-04-16 2020-05-29 43 43 Province
Pakistan 2020-03-24 2020-05-09 46 2021-05-08 2021-05-18 10 46 National
Panama 2020-03-25 2020-05-31
(downgraded to a night and weekend curfew) 		67 67
Papua New Guinea 2020-03-24 2020-04-07 14 14
Paraguay 2020-03-20 2020-05-03 44 44
Peru 2020-03-16 2020-06-30 106 106
Philippines Cebu 2020-03-27 2020-05-15
to 2020-05-31 		49 to 65 49 to 65 Province
Davao Region 2020-03-19 2020-05-15 57 57 Region
Luzon 2020-03-15 2020-04-30
to 2020-05-15
to 2020-05-31 		46 to 61 to 77 2020-08-04 2020-08-18 15 2021-01-25 2021-02-15 21 2021-03-29 2021-09-15 170 61 to 92 Island group
Soccsksargen 2020-03-23 2020-05-15 53 53 Region
Poland 2020-03-13 2020-04-11 29 2020-12-28 2021-01-17 20 2021-03-20 2021-04-25 36 85 National
Portugal 2020-03-19 2020-04-02 14 2021-01-15 2021-03-15 59 73
Qatar Doha Industrial Area 2020-03-11 2020-06-15 96 96 Industrial park
Romania 2020-03-25 2020-05-12 48 48 National
Russia Moscow 2020-03-30 2020-05-12 43 2021-10-28 2021-11-04 7 50 Metropolitan area
Rest of the country 2020-03-28 2020-04-30 33 33 National
Rwanda 2020-03-21 2020-04-19 29 29
Samoa 2020-03-26 2020-04-08 13 13
San Marino 2020-03-14 2020-05-05 52 52
Saudi Arabia Jeddah 2020-03-29 2020-06-21 84 84 City
Mecca 2020-03-26 87 87
Medina
Qatif 2020-03-09 104 104 Area
Riyadh 2020-03-26 87 87 City
Serbia 2020-03-15 2020-04-21
to 2020-05-04 		37 to 50 37 to 50 National
Singapore 2020-04-07 2020-06-01 56 2021-05-16 2021-06-13 28 2021-07-22 2021-08-09 18 2021-09-27 2021-11-21

56 158
South Africa 2020-03-26 2020-04-30 35 2020-12-28 2021-01-15 18 2021-06-28 2021-07-25 27 80
Spain 2020-03-14 2020-05-09 56 56
Sri Lanka 2020-03-18 2020-06-21 95 2021-08-20 2021-10-01 42 137
Switzerland 2020-03-17 2020-04-27 41 2021-01-18 2021-03-01 42 83
Thailand 2020-03-25 2020-05-31 67 67
Trinidad and Tobago 2020-03-17 2020-03-31 14 14
Tunisia 2020-03-22 2020-04-19 28 28
Turkey 2020-04-23 2020-04-27 4 4 Only in 30 metropolitan cities and Zonguldak.
Nationwide 2021-04-29 2021-05-17 18 18 National
Ukraine 2020-03-17 2020-04-24 38 38
United Arab Emirates 2020-03-26 2020-04-17 22 22
United Kingdom England 2020-03-23 2020-07-04 103 2020-11-05 2020-12-02 27 2021-01-05 2021-03-28 83 213
Scotland 2020-06-29 98 2020-12-26 2021-04-02 97 195
Northern Ireland 2020-07-03 102 2020-11-27 2020-12-11 14 2020-12-26 2021-04-12 107 223 Country
Wales 2020-07-13 112 2020-10-23 2020-11-09 17 2020-12-20 2021-03-13 83 212
North West 2020-12-31 2021-03-29 88 88 Region
North East 2020-12-31 2021-03-29 88 88
East Midlands 2020-12-31 2021-03-29 88 88
West Midlands 2020-12-31 2021-03-29 88 88
Norfolk 2020-12-26 2021-03-29 93 93 County
Suffolk 2020-12-26 2021-03-29 93 93
Cambridgeshire 2020-12-26 2021-03-29 93 93
Essex 2020-12-26 2021-03-29 93 93
London area 2020-12-20 2021-03-29 99 99 City
Kent & South East 2020-12-20 2021-03-29 99 99 Region
Leicester 2020-06-30 2020-07-24 24 24 County
Glasgow 2020-11-20 2020-12-11 21 21
East Renfrewshire
Renfrewshire
East Dunbartonshire
West Dunbartonshire
North Lanarkshire
South Lanarkshire
East Ayrshire
South Ayrshire
West Lothian
Stirling
United States California 2020-03-19 2021-06-15 453 453 State
Connecticut 2020-03-23 2020-04-22 30 30 State
Illinois 2020-03-21 2020-05-30 70 70
Kansas City in Kansas 2020-03-24 2020-04-19 26 26 City
Massachusetts 2020-03-24 2020-05-04 41 41 State
Michigan 2020-03-24 2020-04-13 20 20
New York 2020-03-22 2020-06-13 83 83
Oregon 2020-03-24 2020-05-15 53 53
Wisconsin 2020-03-24 2020-05-13 50 50
Venezuela 2020-03-17 2020-05-13 57 57 National
Vietnam Nationwide 2020-04-01 2020-04-22 21 21
Da Nang 2020-07-28 2020-09-05 39 60 City
Hai Duong 2021-02-16 2021-03-02 14 35 Province, Chi Linh city lockdown began from 28 January.
Bac Ninh 2021-05-18 23 23 4 districts and 1 city
Bac Giang 2021-05-18 23 6 districts
Zimbabwe 2020-03-30 2020-05-02 33 33 National

Notes

  1. Restrictions were further eased on the 1st of June 2021, however during the time between then and the 12th of May 2021, "Stay at home orders" were not active and hence this period didn't constitute what is internationally considered a "lockdown".
  2. ^ Stage 3 lockdown imposed on 8 July; Stage 4 lockdown imposed on 2 August 2020
  3. End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  4. End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  5. All of Victoria except Melbourne, Greater Shepparton, Ballarat, Greater Geelong, Surf Coast Shire and Mitchell Shire
  6. End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  7. End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  8. End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  9. End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  10. End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  11. End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  12. End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  13. End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  14. End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  15. Applies for all others Regional NSW outside Greater Sydney, Hunter Region, Dubbo, Central West, South Coast, Goulburn, Queanbeyan-Palerang and Snowy Monaro
  16. Applies for all South Coast except Bega Valley after 16/09/2021
  17. End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  18. End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  19. End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  20. End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  21. Applies for further measures in each Australian state and territory
  22. Initially to last until 13 April 2020, included closures of universities, schools, restaurants and other establishments, a ban on mass gatherings, suspension of sports competitions for more than two months, certain temporary restrictions on the free movement of citizens, but no strict "Stay at home order". A number of lockdown measures were already eased or lifted in April and May 2020.
  23. Depending on the strictness of the definition for a lockdown; some sources such as Politico Europe consider it to have ended by 9 May, with a total duration of 57 days.
  24. Closures of all educational institutions, restaurants and other establishments, a ban on most cultural events, all excursions and forms of group tourism, children forbidden to participate in organized sports events, no "Stay at home order", described as a "soft" or "partial" lockdown and officially entered into force at 23:30 on 27 November.
  25. The lockdown was initially to end on 21 December 2020, but was subsequently extended until 31 January 2021, though with a few of the restrictions relaxed, such as children in kindergartens and in grades 1-4 being able to attend in-person classes from January 2021.
  26. Preceded by some measures on the regional level, no "Stay at home order".
  27. Lockdown was started in Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria on 20 March 2020. Two days later, it was expanded to the whole of Germany
  28. A national stay-at-home order was officially declared on 27 March
  29. A full third lockdown was declared from 30 December and was repeatedly extended.
  30. Lockdown was first started in Northern Italy on 8 March 2020, then expanded to the rest of Italy the following day
  31. The lockdown was suspended on 28, 29, 30 December 2020 and 4 January 2021
  32. Lockdown was started in the regions of Erongo and Khomas but effectively enforced countrywide. On 14 April the lockdown was extended to 4 May and to all of Namibia.
  33. Except in Cebu City only where it was extended to 16 days
  34. ^ Lockdown was extended to areas under high risk COVID-19 zones
  35. Lockdown was started in Metro Manila, but expanded to the rest of Luzon two days later, 17 March 2020
  36. In most Luzon areas only, except Metro Manila and selected areas of Luzon are on high risk COVID-19 zones
  37. Lockdown was extended to Metro Manila and remaining areas of Luzon
  38. ^ Metro Manila, Bulacan, Cavite and Rizal only.
  39. Applies for mandatory holidays and further measures in each Russian region
  40. England has followed an incremental easing of restrictions since 8 March 2021. Most lockdown restrictions were lifted between March and June, July 19 is the date set for the expiry of most legal restrictions in England. Although some sources describe this date as the "end" of lockdown, March 28 was the date in which the "stay at home orders" were ended. This fits the most internationally accepted definition of what constitutes a lockdown.
  41. Most lockdown restrictions were lifted between March and June. March 13 was the date in which the "stay at home orders" were ended. This fits the most internationally accepted definition of what constitutes a lockdown.


The pandemic has caused worldwide curfews and similar restrictions (stay-at-home orders, shelter-in-place orders, shutdowns/lockdowns) established to prevent further spread of COVID-19. The pandemic has resulted in the largest amount of shutdowns/lockdowns worldwide at the same time in history. By 26 March, 1.7 billion people worldwide were under some form of lockdown, which increased to 3.9 billion people by the first week of April — more than half of the world's population.

As of 12 April, nearly 300 million people, or about 90 per cent of the population, are under some form of lockdown in the United States, more than 50 million people are in lockdown in the Philippines, about 59 million people are in lockdown in South Africa, and 1.3 billion people are in lockdown in India.

Africa

Further information: National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa

Ghana

Main articles: Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic and COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana

The first two cases of COVID-19 was confirmed on 12 March 2020, when two infected people came to Ghana; one from Norway and the other from Turkey. On 11 March, President Nana Akufo-Addo directed the Minister of Finance, Ken Ofori-Atta, to make the cedi equivalent of $US100 million available to enhance Ghana's COVID-19 preparedness and response plan. The Ghana COVID-19 Private Sector Fund was also initiated to aid in the fight against the pandemic.

Bans and lockdowns

Veronica Bucket
Veronica Bucket, a handwashing mechanism originating in Ghana. It is mounted in many open spaces and at entrances for mandatory hand-washing.

On 15 March, at 10 pm, President Nana Akufo-Addo banned all public gatherings including conferences, workshops, funerals, festivals, political rallies, church activities and other related events to reduce the spread of COVID-19 at a press briefing on the state of COVID-19. Basic schools, senior high schools and universities, both public and private, have also been closed. Only BECE and WASSCE candidates were permitted to remain in school under social distancing protocols. The use of Veronica buckets have become very popular in Ghana following the outbreak of the novel coronavirus as citizens engage in frequent hand washing to stem its spread. On 30 March, the partial lock down of Accra and Kumasi took effect. In April 2020, At a press briefing, the Director General of the Ghana Health Service, announced the commencement of local production of nose masks as part of efforts to arrest the spread of the pandemic. According to the new Executive Instrument, E.I. 164, signed by the President on 15 June 2020, people who refuse to wear face masks in public could face jail terms of between 4–10 years or a fine of between GHS12,000 (approx US$2,065) and GHS60,000 (approx US$10,320) or both would be made. This came after the mandatory wearing of nose masks

Government responses

From 3 April, over 464 markets were disinfected across the country. The second phase of nationwide fumigation begun in July. On 23 September, the MoE with GES collaborated with Zoomlion to disinfect SHS across Ghana to pave way for the reopening of schools. The Finance Minister claimed in his report that the Government spent about 54.3 million Ghana cedis to provide cooked and uncooked food to the vulnerable during the 3-week lockdown. He also claimed Government would provide free electricity and water for the rest of 2020.

The Parliament of Ghana granted a tax waiver of GHS174 million cedis (equivalent to US$30 million) on income taxes of frontline workers. This spanned for three months from July to September 2020. On 15 October, the MoH received a COVID-19 AI software for detecting the virus on Chest X-rays. Government also relaunched the GH COVID-19 tracker app after it was launched on 13 April. Various treatment centers were built across the country such as the Ghana Infectious Disease Centre, to help in the National COVID-19 Treatment. Ghana became the first country to use drone aircraft in the fight against the pandemic through the transport of COVID-19 test samples.

Namibia

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Namibia

On 17 March President Hage Geingob declared a state of emergency as a legal basis to restrict fundamental rights. The prohibition of large gatherings was clarified to apply to 50 or more people. Measures such as the closure of all borders, suspension of gatherings were implemented. All public and private schools were also closed for a month. By 14 April, a National lockdown was enforced to all regions in the country.

Access to information and surveillance

A COVID-19 communication hotline (0800100100) was established on 15 March 2020 which is run by the Ministry of Health and Social Services and the Centre for Disease Control of Namibia (CDC). The hotline serves to answer general enquiries of the public, assisting persons seeking guidance from the Ministry and reporting possible symptoms or cases of COVID-19.

The Government also announced on 18 March that it will strengthen their communication to the public via various platforms, such as the COVID-19 communication centre operated by NBC, in an attempt to "mitigate and refute misinformation, fear and panic especially from social media". The centre was fully functional by middle April 2020.

With the establishment of a multi-disciplinary Emergency Response team, the Ministry intensified their surveillance in monitoring the situation of COVID-19 in the country, especially at the borders of Namibia. The response team operates 24/7.

Testing

Before the confirmation of COVID-19 in Namibia, tests could not be done locally. Test samples were instead sent to South Africa, which accounted for longer than usual waiting times. Namibian Institute of Pathology (NIP) started testing locally in Windhoek at the end of March 2020. In late April, private laboratory PathCare started testing samples. Namibia was hit by a lack of reagents at the end of April, which slowed down testing however, private testing at PathCare was expensive compared to that of the state (NIP) which offers free COVID-19 tests.

Economic stimulus package

An Emergency Income Grant was set up by government to distribute N$ 750 to every person whose income was affected by the pandemic or faced difficult conditions due to the lockdown. Over 800,000 people applied for this grant; 346,000 of them were paid by the end of April.

South Africa

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa
This section needs expansion. You can help by making an edit requestadding to it . (April 2020)
Greenmarket Square as it normally appears with many market stalls, seven days before the lockdown.On the first day of the lockdown only people exempt from the lockdown (security personnel and sanitation workers) can be seen.Greenmarket Square in Cape Town, South Africa seven days before (left) and on the first day (right) of the COVID-19 national lockdown. After the lockdown the market stall traders that normally setup on the square everyday are not present and only people exempt from the lockdown (security personnel and municipal employees) can be seen.

President Cyril Ramaphosa declared that South Africa would undergo a national lockdown, for a period of 21 days, from 26 March to 16 April 2020. This drastic measure was intended to help keep the viral infection rate as low as possible and save lives. On Thursday 9 April, President Ramaphosa announced an extension of two weeks to the lockdown, until the end of April. Exempt from the lockdown are people deemed necessary for the effective response to the pandemic such as health workers, pharmacy and laboratory personnel, emergency personnel, security services, supermarkets, transportation and logistical services, petrol stations, banks, essential financial as well as payment services and those working in industries that can affect the economy when shut down. This include mines and steel mills.

Testing

The National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) started testing people in South Africa for SARS-CoV-2 on 28 January 2020, and by 7 February had conducted 42 of such tests. State hospitals were offering free COVID-19 testing by mid-March. On 30 March 2020, the government announced its intentions of initiating an enhanced screening and testing programme. By the start of April, 67 mobile testing units had been established and 47000 people had been tested, some in drive-through facilities.

Clinical trials, vaccines, and treatment

On 17 March 2020, the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority announced that it would expedite review of treatments, vaccines and clinical trials. A team from 8 universities and 14 hospitals led by Helen Rees and Jeremy Nel from the University of the Witwatersrand participated in the World Health Organization Solidarity Clinical Trials that investigated medications. A COVID-19 vaccine trial was launched in Gauteng province, towards the end of June 2020 in collaboration with the Jenner Institute, University of Oxford and AstraZeneca. A second vaccine trial was launched during mid August 2020 in collaboration with a US Maryland based biotechnology company, Novavax, with funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. A third vaccine trial was launched in September 2020 by Johnson & Johnson/Janssen.

Other countries and territories

Asia

China

This section is an excerpt from Chinese government response to COVID-19.

During the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China, the government of China under CCP general secretary Xi Jinping's administration pursued a zero-COVID strategy to prevent the domestic spread of COVID-19 until late 2022. Aspects of the response have been controversial, with the zero-COVID approach being praised and the government's lack of transparency, censorship, and spread of misinformation being criticized. The government abandoned its zero-COVID policy on 7 December 2022.

After discovery of a cluster of patients with pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, Hubei Province, a public notice on the outbreak was distributed on 31 December 2019. Three days earlier on 28 December 2019, Chinese researchers in Beijing uploaded a fully mapped sequence of COVID-19's structure to the NIH GenBank, but the report was never publicly accessible due to it missing technical, non-scientific information required for submission despite NIH attempts to communicate with the report author. On 8 January 2020, a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was announced by Chinese scientists as the cause of the new disease; and on 10 January a nearly identical virus to the 28 December upload was sequenced and its genome made available online. On 17 January 2024, The Wall Street Journal released a report about the former 28 December upload that officially contradicted the Chinese government's claim that knowledge of the cause of the outbreak in the early weeks of January 2020 was unknown, and that information was shared as soon as it was available.

On 23 January 2020, the Chinese government banned travel to and from Wuhan, enforced strict quarantines in affected regions and initiated a national response. The epidemic in Hubei province peaked on 4 February 2020. Large temporary hospitals were built in Wuhan to isolate patients with mild-to-moderate symptoms, with the first opening on 5 February 2020. The epidemic was heavily concentrated within Hubei province and Wuhan. Through 22 March 2020, over 80% of the recorded cases in China were in Hubei province, with over 60% of cases nationwide occurring in Wuhan alone.

By the summer of 2020, China had largely brought the outbreak under control, ending widespread community transmission. After the initial outbreak, lockdowns and other restrictive measures were eased throughout China. The lockdown in Wuhan was lifted on 8 April 2020. It is estimated that the epidemic control measures held the death toll due to COVID-19 in Wuhan to under 5,000 from January to March 2020.

China was one of a small number of countries that pursued an elimination strategy, sustaining zero or low case numbers over the long term. Until late 2022, most cases in China were imported from abroad, and several new outbreaks were quickly controlled through intense short-term public health measures, including large-scale testing, contact tracking technology, and mandatory isolation of infected individuals. In the 18 months following containment of the initial outbreak in Wuhan, two COVID-19 deaths were recorded. In December 2022, the Chinese government ended its zero-COVID policy and mass testing following protests across the country.

In 2020 and 2021, China was the largest exporter of COVID-19 critical medical products. China was the world's largest exporter of face masks, increasing exports by around 600% in the first half of 2020. A number of COVID-19 vaccines have been developed in China, which have been used in its vaccination programme and international vaccine diplomacy. Through November 2021, China was the world's largest exporter of COVID-19 vaccines, with a cumulative share of around 40% of worldwide exports (totalling around 1.5 billion doses), according to the World Trade Organization.

China's response to the initial Wuhan COVID-19 outbreak has been both praised and criticised. In October 2020, The Lancet Infectious Diseases reported: "While the world is struggling to control COVID-19, China has managed to control the pandemic rapidly and effectively." The Chinese government has been criticized for censorship, which observers have attributed to a culture of institutional censorship affecting the country's press and Internet. The government censored whistleblowers, journalists, and social media posts about the outbreak. During the beginning of the pandemic, the Chinese government made efforts to clamp down on discussion and hide reporting about it, as such information was seen as unfavorable for local officials. Efforts to fund and control research into the virus's origins have continued up to the present.

Due to its zero-COVID policy, China’s economy continued to squeeze. However, on 11 November 2022, the government eased the restrictions, while claiming to continue the war against the pandemic. The government reduced the quarantine restrictions from 10 days to eight, where travelers were required to spend five days instead of seven in a hotel quarantine and three at home. Besides, the airlines were also exempted from a penalty for bringing in COVID positive travelers.

India

Main articles: Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Indian state government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, and COVID-19 lockdown in India

The Indian government airlifted 324 of its citizens from China on 31 January and 1 February via Air India special chartered flights. After Pakistan's refusal to evacuate its students from Wuhan, the Indian government offered to support them with evacuation along with citizens of other neighbouring countries. On 17 February, India announced a special C-17 Globemaster flight carrying medical supplies to support China in Wuhan and evacuating citizens of India and neighbouring countries. India eventually evacuated 647 people including citizens of Maldives and Bangladesh.

On 15 March, after a video conference of SAARC leaders, PM Narendra Modi allocated ₹74 crore (US$10 million) of funds classified as COVID-19 Emergency Fund for the SAARC countries.

As a precautionary measure, India closed all of its international land borders on 16 March. On 22 March, India locked down places where cases had been confirmed—82 districts in 22 states and Union Territories—until 31 March, although essential services and commodities were to continue. 80 cities including major cities such as Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Nagpur, Varanasi and Raipur were also put under lockdown.

On 24 March, the government announced a nationwide lockdown to be in effect for 21 days from 25 March until 14 April. This lockdown included Indian Railways, the biggest employer in India; it was the first shutdown of the trains in 167 years.

Indonesia

Main articles: COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia and 2020 Indonesia large-scale social restrictions

Many Indonesians criticised the government for a slow response and downplaying the pandemic. WHO, Australian government, and United States embassy in Indonesia have expressed their doubts about the Indonesian government's response to the pandemic.

The governor of West Sumatra province, Irwan Prayitno faced backlash for accepting 174 tourists from China to the province. 174 Chinese tourists from Kunming arrived at Minangkabau International Airport at Padang Pariaman Regency as Citilink adds Padang – Kunming route. Prayitno received further backlash after welcoming the group of tourists himself at the airport and giving them a "grand welcome" with a cultural parade. The move angered local residents who demanded the governor return the group to China.

Health experts are concerned that the country is failing to identify the transmission of the virus. Marc Lipsitch, professor of epidemiology at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, "analysed air traffic out of the Chinese city at the centre of the outbreak in China and suggested in a report ... that Indonesia might have missed cases" of coronavirus. Western diplomats as well as local and international news outlets postulated that the lack of cases within Indonesia result from inadequate testing and under reporting, as opposed to sheer luck and divine intervention.

The government faced a backlash after instead pledging to set aside IDR 72 billion ($5m) to pay for social media influencers to attract tourists to Indonesia.

Indonesian president Joko Widodo has been criticised by the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, human rights groups, and by political parties including Golkar and Partai Keadilan Sejahtera for a lack of transparency regarding the information on COVID-19. Widodo has insisted not to share with the travel history details of patients tested positive with COVID-19 in an attempt to reduce panic and uneasiness in the general public.

Iran

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Iran
Disinfection of Tehran subway wagons against COVID-19

Iran reported its first confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections on 19 February 2020 in Qom, where according to the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, both had died later that day.

Early measures announced by the government included the cancellation of concerts and other cultural events, sporting events, and Friday prayers, closure of universities, higher education institutions and schools, and allocated 5 trillion rials to combat the virus. President Hassan Rouhani said on 26 February 2020 that there were no plans to quarantine areas affected by the outbreak, and only individuals would be quarantined. However, Shia shrines in Qom remained open to pilgrims.

Iran became a center of the spread of the virus after China. Amidst claims of a cover-up of the extent of the outbreak in the country, over ten countries have traced their cases back to Iran, indicating that the extent of the outbreak may be more severe than that admitted by the Iranian government. The Iranian Parliament was shut down, with 23 of the 290 members of parliament reported to have had tested positive for the virus on 3 March. A number of senior government officials as well as two members of parliament have died from the disease.

Criticism against Iranian government's responses

Deputy Health Minister Iraj Harirchi (left) at a press conference after which he tested positive for the virus.

Iranians criticized government authorities for proceeding with elections while the disease was spreading and closing secular spaces while keeping shrines open, especially in the Shia holy city of Qom. Asif Shuja of the National University of Singapore's Middle East Institute suggested that "the fact that Iran reported deaths on the same day as its first infections right before its parliamentary elections 'can compel anyone' that there has been a cover-up". Scrutiny has also been targeted at the government's unwillingness to implement area-wide quarantine measures like those implemented by China and Italy, with Iranian officials calling quarantines "old-fashioned." There have been concerns that the Iranian government's official counts were an underestimate. The WHO's director-general, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, said that "the WHO has its "own mechanism" for checking facts and has not seen problems with Iran's reported figures".

Japan

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Japan
This section needs expansion. You can help by making an edit requestadding to it . (April 2020)

On 27 February 2020, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe requested that all Japanese elementary, junior high, and high schools close until early April to help contain the virus.

The outbreak has been a concern for the 2020 Summer Olympics which is scheduled to take place in Tokyo starting at the end of July. The Japanese government has thus been taking extra precautions to help minimise the outbreak's impact. The Japanese government and the International Olympic Committee have negotiated postponement of Summer Olympics until 2021.

Criticism against Japanese government's responses

See also: COVID-19 pandemic in Japan § Controversies and criticisms

Foreign Policy and the Guardian reported that the diplomatic relations between Japan and South Korea worsened, as South Korea criticized Japan's "ambiguous and passive quarantine efforts". On 5 March, Japan announced that it would strengthen quarantine for new entrants from China and South Korea and add some areas of Iran to the target area. The Chinese authorities showed their understanding of the decision, but the Japanese media and South Korean government criticized it. The Japanese media said that the decision was too late because they were too careful with China, and the Korean government turned it into a political issue.

Japan's Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare has been criticized for a perceived delayed response. Critics have observed that while Japan announced the first case of infection on 28 January, it took until 17 February for the Health Ministry to inform the public on how to reach public screening centers and 25 February, for the government to issue a "basic policy" on outbreak response.

The strict constraints on testing for the virus by Japanese health authorities have drawn accusations from critics such as Masahiro Kami, a hematologist and director of the Medical Governance Research Institute but not an infectious disease expert, towards Abe of wanting to "downplay the number of infections or patients because of the upcoming Olympics."

But the fact-checking in some media later reported to proved that it was fake news that 'the number of infected people was being reduced for the Olympics by the government.' Reports that only a small select number of public health facilities were authorized to test for the virus, after which the results could only be processed by five government-approved companies, has created a bottleneck where clinics have been forced to turn away even patients who had high fevers. This has led some experts to question Japan's official case numbers, with Tobias Harris, of Teneo Intelligence in Washington, D.C. stating "You wonder, if they were testing nearly as much as South Korea is testing, what would the actual number be? How many cases are lurking and just aren't being caught?" As mentioned above, there were many articles criticizing the small number of PCR tests in Japan compared to South Korea, mainly in the Japanese and Korean media. However, the number of PCR tests in Japan at that time was actually not small at all. According to data released by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare the Japanese authorities conducted PCR tests of 10,205 as of 13 and 15 March 655 as of 17 March, except for those returning from China by charter flight and passengers on the cruise ship. The number of tests in Japan appears to be small compared to 320,000 in China, 250,000 in South Korea, 86,000 in Italy, and 77,000 in Russia. However, only 30,000 in the UK, 16,000 in Taiwan, and the United States had a higher number of tests than Japan except for that four countries. In terms of population ratio, the ranking was lower, but the number of tests in Japan was still at the average level.

The quarantine measures on the cruise ship Diamond Princess has also been criticised, even though there is no obligation under the international law to accept port calls for Japan and except for Japanese nationals on board, there is no obligation in Japan to treat all passengers, and the treatment is a good faith act, and the quarantine was the exercise of provisions in accordance with international and domestic laws. But Kentaro Iwata, an infectious disease professor at Kobe University Hospital, said that "the condition aboard was completely chaotic" and "violating all infection control principles". Dr. Yoshihiro Takayama, a member of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare who helped Iwata board the ship, said that Iwata had fight with DMAT members about his separate action and was forced to disembark in two hours, so he just looked around the lounge. A preliminary report by Japan's National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) estimated that most of the transmission on the ship had occurred before the quarantine, based on the first 184 cases. On 22 February, the Health Ministry admitted that 23 passengers were disembarked without being properly tested for the virus. On 23 February, a Japanese woman who tested negative before disembarking from the cruise ship later tested positive after returning to her home in Tochigi Prefecture. She was not among the 23 passengers. Many passengers who were negative in the PCR test were tested positive after disembarking.

Philippines

Main article: Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic

The first COVID-19 death outside China occurred in the Philippines on 1 February.

On 9 March 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte suspended classes in all levels in Metro Manila from 10 to 15 March. The class suspension in Metro Manila was extended to 12 April, following the decision of concerned authorities to raise the COVID-19 alert level in the country to Code Red Sublevel 2. Work in the executive branch of the government was also suspended for the same period as part of the Stringent Social Distancing Measures in the National Capital Region (NCR), with the directive for the concerned government agencies to form skeletal forces to ensure the delivery of basic services. Congress and the Judiciary were encouraged to do the same. Agencies providing law enforcement services, health services, and emergency services were enjoined to continue to operate at full capacity.

Other salient directives, contained in a resolution adopted by the Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF-EID) and announced by the Philippine President on 12 March, at the Heroes Hall in Malacañang Palace, included, the prohibition of mass gatherings that could strain the resources of the host community, imposition of community quarantine over Metro Manila, and encouragement of flexible work arrangements for the private sector among others.

A memorandum containing the guidelines for stringent social distancing measures and the management of COVID-19 in the National Capital Region was issued by Executive Secretary Salvador Medialdea by order of the president on 13 March. Among the directives embodied in the memorandum were suspension of classes and all school activities until 14 April, prohibition of mass gatherings, imposition of strict social distancing during essential meetings and religious activities, and provisions for alternative and/or flexible work arrangements.

On 16 March, the president signed Proclamation No. 929 declaring a state of calamity throughout the country for a period of six months, bringing into effect the price control of basic needs and commodities, granting of interest-free loans, distribution of calamity funds and hazard allowance for public health workers and government personnel in the fields of science and technology.

President Duterte also placed the island of Luzon (including its associated islands) under enhanced community quarantine on 16 March that further restricted the movement of people through the suspension of mass public transport and the closure of non-essential establishments. Business Process Outsourcing and export-oriented businesses were allowed to continue operation subject to certain conditions. Relevant government agencies were ordered to provide social amelioration measures. Following the sharp increase of confirmed cases, President Duterte called Congress to a special session to "authorize the President to exercise powers necessary to carry out urgent measures to meet the current national emergency related to the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)."

South Korea

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea

The first confirmed case of COVID-19 was identified with a 35-year-old Chinese woman on 20 January. The first South Korean national to be infected occurred three days later was a 55-year-old man who worked in Wuhan and returned for a checkup with flu symptoms. The two infection reports were publicly released on 24 January. The sixth patient was the first case in South Korea who had never visited Wuhan. The 56-year-old man caught the virus when visiting a restaurant with the third patient.

COVID-19 infection prevention tips banner in Seoul, South Korea

A woman, who had returned from Thailand after a five-day vacation, was tested positive and confirmed as the sixteenth case on 4 February. Three more cases were confirmed on 5 February, bringing the total case count to 19. The seventeenth and nineteenth patients had attended a conference in Singapore and been in contact with an infected person there. The very same day the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Korea (KCDC) announced that the second patient had been released from hospital after being tested negative in consecutive tests, becoming the country's first COVID-19 patient to fully recover.

On 19 February, the number of confirmed cases increased by 20. On 20 February 70 new cases were confirmed, giving a total of 104 confirmed cases, according to the KCDC. According to Reuters, KCDC attributed the sudden jump to 70 cases linked to "Patient No. 31", who had participated in a gathering in Daegu at the Shincheonji Church of Jesus the Temple of the Tabernacle of the Testimony.

On 20 February, the streets of Daegu were empty in reaction to the Shincheonji outbreak. A resident described the reaction, stating "It's like someone dropped a bomb in the middle of the city. It looks like a zombie apocalypse." The first death was reported in a mental ward of Cheongdo Daenam Hospital in Cheongdo County. According to the mayor of Daegu, the number of suspected cases as of 21 February was 544 among 4,400 examined followers of the church. The hospital was suspected as the source of the present outbreak after it was visited by a woman who became the second fatal case of Korea on that day. The infection spread outside via a funeral ceremony attended by members of the church.

All South Korean military bases were on lockdown after tests confirmed that three soldiers were indeed positive for the virus. Airlines cut connections and cultural schedules were being cancelled due to fears of further spread. United States Forces Korea raised the alert level from low to moderate and cut off non-essential travel to and from USFK Daegu. USFK Daegu's school facilities were closed and non-essential personnel were ordered to stay at home while any visitors going there were not allowed to enter. USFK announced that the widow of a retired soldier who was in Daegu was diagnosed to be positive for the virus on 24 February. Camp Humphreys enacted virus detection protocols, including temperature checks and raised the alert level to high. On 26 February, an American soldier based at Camp Carroll was diagnosed to be positive and was quarantined away from bases via off-base housing unit with contact tracing done that showed his movements to Camp Walker.

The near-empty arrival hall of Seoul–Incheon International Airport in South Korea on 6 March

As of 22 February, among 9,336 followers of the church, 1,261 reported symptoms. At the time, 169 confirmed cases involved the church and another 111 came from the Cheongdo Daenam Hospital. 23 February saw another 123 cases with 75 being from Shincheonji and 24 February saw 161 additional cases with 129 being from the religious group. Over 27,000 people have been tested for the virus with 19,127 negative results.

On 24 February 15 countries imposed travel restrictions to and from South Korea. It was also reported that a senior health official overseeing the COVID-19 efforts in Daegu tested positive and was also a member of Shincheonji. Within a few days, a petition to the nation's president urging for the disbandment of the church had over 750,000 signatures. Their headquarters in Gwacheon was raided by law enforcement; government officials said all 245,000 members of the religious group would be found and tested. On 28 February, over 2,000 confirmed cases were reported, rising to 3,150 on 29 February.

On 8 March, KCDC in South Korea announced that 79.4% of confirmed COVID-19 cases were related to group infection. KCDC also announced that outbreak associated with Shincheonji Church totaled 4,482 infections, accounting for 62.8% of the total confirmed cases. 13 March was the first time since the outbreak on 20 January in which the number of recoveries, 177, was larger than the number of those who newly tested positive, 110.

As infection rates have risen outside Korea leading to increases of sick arriving in the country (476 of 9,661 cases were imported as of 30 March), the KCDC implemented stronger infectious disease control measures for travelers coming from overseas as of 1 April. By 9 April 2020, South Korea had about 10,423 cases and 204 deaths, with over 494,711 people having been tested, a case fatality rate of 1.95%, which is lower than the WHO's global case fatality rate of 4.34%.

Seeing the infodemic on COVID-19 information starting in China and spreading to Korea and the US, fake news researcher Cha Meeyoung of KAIST and the Institute for Basic Science, along with researchers from Ewha Womans University, started the multilingual Facts Before Rumors campaign to separate common claims seen online.

By 17 April, the KCDC stated that it knew of 163 patients who were said to have recovered, but again tested positive. The exact cause was not known but they stated several possibilities. After several days with new infections numbering in the single digits (18, 20, 22 April), the government announced it was going to start lifting restrictions starting with stores, restaurants, gyms, cram schools, bars, and religious services; which is notable as most of the nation's infections came from places of worship. In coming weeks, arboretums, forests and national parks will begin to open with social distancing still in place until at least early May. After seeing Korea successfully lower cases of infection, President Moon Jae-in has engaged in "coronavirus diplomacy" with leaders of other nations, part of which involved exporting test kits to more than 20 countries. On 26 April, confirmed patient number 31 in Daegu was discharged after 67 days.

Criticism against South Korean government's responses

The Ministry of Health and Welfare has been criticized for unilaterally implementing telephone consultation and prescription without discussing with the Korea Medical Association, and for not restricting traffic from China despite several warnings from the association and a petition proposed by the society.

On 22 February, the South Korean government apologized for calling the virus "Daegu Corona 19" in an official report. The term has been widespread on social media and raises concerns about discrimination.

More than 1.5 million South Koreans have signed a petition to impeach President Moon Jae-in over what they claim is the government's mishandling of the outbreak. On 6 March, the South Korean government has only entry restricted to Japanese citizens out of 102 countries that blocked Korea. The action has been widespread on social media and raises concerns about anti-Japanese discrimination.

Turkey

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey

On 10 January 2020, ignoring China's insistence on the lack of evidence for human-to-human transmission, Ministry of Health experts stated that they suspected that SARS-CoV-2 was transmitted among people, and accordingly set up the Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board. 26 experts in infectious diseases and clinical microbiology originally comprised the Coronavirus Advisory Board, which was subsequently enlarged to include five additional experts in intensive care medicine, internal medicine, and virology. The board put forward voluntary recommendations while the government issued legal restrictions for businesses and public gatherings.

In the early hours of 11 March 2020 (UTC+03:00), the Minister of Health Fahrettin Koca announced that a Turkish man who had contracted the virus while travelling in Europe was the country's first confirmed COVID-19 case. The patient had been placed in isolation at an undisclosed hospital, and family members of the patient were put under observation.

On 12 March 2020, the Ministry of National Education announced that with the exception of schools catering to students with special needs, all schools in Turkey would close starting on 16 March 2020. Given the intense learning needs of students with disabilities, the Ministry of National Education announced that elementary-, middle- and high-school students with special needs will continue to have in-person attendance in fixed small groups, with adults rotating into the class, so as to facilitate contact tracing. The Ministry of National Education subsequently announced that teachers and staff in schools for students with special needs are able to opt out of in-person teaching if they or their families have a health risk.

On 17 March, Minister Selçuk stated that a subset of teachers are focusing on content generation for the national online platform on TRT EBA TV, which became functional on 23 March 2020, with the rest of the teachers matched to students to provide individual assessment, coaching, and tutoring from 23 March to 31 May 2020.

After the Ministry of National Education announced the closure of all schools (except those catering to students with special needs) on 12 March 2020, the government acknowledged the impact of the closure of schools on the welfare of children. Noting that children with preexisting mental-health issues or who live in non-supportive home environments are likely to suffer from being out of school, the government announced emergency measures, including fund increases for foster children, expansion of the nutrition assistance program, direct payments to families, and a national moratorium on evictions. To alleviate the social isolation of students, Minister Selçuk piloted a project on 27 March, where the Ministry of National Education started paying schools to offer small group activities for students on Mondays and Fridays, with deep cleaning sessions in between.

On 21 March, the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure a total curfew for those who are over the age 65 or chronically ill. On 27 March, the Ministry of the Interior issued a new statement regarding gatherings during weekends, announcing that starting from 28 to 29 March, having picnics, fishing at the shores, doing physical exercise outside (including running and walking on the weekends in city and town centers) would be banned until the virus spread has been contained. It was also stated that, should they deem it necessary, local authorities may extend these new measures to weekdays. Also on 27 March, President Erdoğan announced that all overseas flights were terminated, adding that intercity travel was subject to permission by the state governors, and that places such as picnic areas, forests and historical sites would be closed on the weekend. On 3 April 2020, President Erdoğan announced a 15-day entry ban to 30 metropolitan municipalities as well as Zonguldak. Also, the curfew was extended to people younger than 20 years old. Using masks in public places became mandatory.

Criticism against Turkish government's responses

The announced ₺100 billion economic measures package, set to be provided by the government, was criticized by institutions and individuals, including economists and politicians. The lack of a detailed action plan was the center of criticism. Additionally, at a time when people were encouraged to stay at home, the government was criticized for allowing airline passenger transport and tax reductions that support tourism. Critics asked for lowering the down payment of housing loans and emphasized on the need to provide employment support to different sectors.

The donation campaign initiated by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was supported by representatives of the ruling party, members of the oppositions had a less favorable reaction to it. After the government's decision to take money from the income of several institutions in order to make donations to this campaign, the Confederation of Public Employees' Unions filed a criminal complaint as a result of the salary cuts of the staff of many institutions such as MEB, BOTAŞ, General Directorate of Forestry, Ministry of Justice, Constitutional Court and Social Service Provincial Directorates. Additionally, a similar donation campaign initiated by the metropolitan municipalities with CHP administration was terminated by the Ministry of the Interior and their bank accounts were blocked. Regarding this decision, the Ankara Bar Association issued a statement, saying: "Although the aforementioned circular and blocking process enforced by the Ministry of the Interior are clearly unlawful, the provision of social services belongs neither exclusively to the local governments nor to the central government."

Other countries and territories

Europe

See also: European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic

France

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in France
Empty streets in Paris, 2020

The earliest discovered infection came from an old sample collected on 27 December 2019. A superspreader event in the outbreak was the annual assembly of the Christian Open Door Church between 17 and 24 February. It was attended by about 2,500 people, at least half of whom were believed to have contracted the virus.

On 13 March, Prime Minister Édouard Philippe ordered the closure of "non-essential" public places, and on 16 March, President Emmanuel Macron announced mandatory home confinement.

Germany

Main article: German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic
This section needs expansion. You can help by making an edit requestadding to it . (April 2020)

At the end of January 2020, the first cases occurred in Bavaria in direct connection with the outbreak in Wuhan, China. After initial stagnation, several other cases were reported in different locations. During carnival in February, Heinsberg in Northrhine Westfalia was most affected, and case numbers steadily increased. By the second week of March, all federal states were affected and the first fatality was reported. As of 28 March 2020 the incidence was highest in the city state of Hamburg, followed by Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria. The Robert Koch Institute recommended an initial strategy of containment, until more cases would occur than could be traced back to a known case. The next phase of the epidemic, namely community transmission, was assumed to have begun first in Heinsberg, where a strategy of protection of vulnerable groups was adopted.

Greece

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Greece

On 26 February, the first case in Greece was confirmed, a 38-year-old woman from Thessaloniki who had recently visited Northern Italy. Within the next days, health and state authorities issued precautionary guidelines and recommendations, while measures up to that point were taken locally and included the closure of schools and the suspension of cultural events in the affected areas (particularly Ilia, Achaea and Zakynthos). Various municipalities around the country began disinfecting schools. The Greek National Public Health Organization (NPHO), in collaboration with local authorities and doctors, is tracking and testing everyone who came in close contact with the confirmed carriers.

By 10 March, with 89 confirmed cases and no deaths in the country, the government decided to suspend the operation of all schools, universities, daycare centers and all other educational establishments nationwide and then, on 13 March, to close down all cafes, bars, museums, shopping centres, sports facilities and restaurants in the country. On 16 March, all retail shops were also closed and all services in all areas of religious worship of any religion or dogma were suspended. Supermarkets, pharmacies, food outlets that offer take-away and delivery only, as well as some other businesses, remained open. On 18 and 19 March, the government announced a series of economic measures of more than 10 billion euros to support the economy, businesses and employees.

On 22 March, the Greek authorities announced significant restrictions on all nonessential transport and movement across the country, starting from 6 a.m. on 23 March. Movement outside the house is permitted only for specific reasons that include moving to or from the workplace, shopping for food or medicine, going to the bank, visiting a doctor or assisting a person in need of help and walking a pet or exercising outside individually or in pairs. Citizens leaving their home are required to carry their police ID or passport, as well as some type of attestation depending on the purpose of travel. All passenger flights to and from Italy, Spain, Albania, North Macedonia, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Germany are suspended until 15 May, and land borders with Albania, North Macedonia and Turkey are closed, with exemptions for cargo and sanitary transports, among others.

The measures put in place in Greece are some of the most proactive and strict in Europe and have been hailed internationally for slowing the spread of the disease and keeping the number of deaths among the lowest in Europe.

Italy

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
Civil Protection volunteers carrying out health checks at the Guglielmo Marconi Airport in Bologna

The outbreak was confirmed to have spread to Italy on 31 January 2020, when two Chinese tourists tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Rome. In response, the Italian government suspended all flights to and from China and declared a state of emergency, with Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte stating that Italy is the first EU country to take this precautionary measure. On 31 January, the Italian Council of Ministers appointed Angelo Borrelli, head of the Civil Protection, as Special Commissioner for the COVID-19 Emergency. An unassociated cluster of COVID-19 cases was later further detected starting with 16 confirmed cases in Lombardy on 21 February, an additional 60 cases on 22 February, and Italy's first deaths reported on the same day.

The Ministry of Health announced new guidelines for reporting cases on 27 February in response to the previous blanket testing that caused case numbers to surge and inflamed public panic. It would no longer report asymptomatic cases (swabs taken from patients which tested positive but were not showing symptoms) which counted as 40 to 50% of all reported cases at the time. These people would undergo isolation at home and would be followed up with new tests until they were negative.

On 22 February, the Italian Council of Ministers announced a new decree law to contain the outbreak, including quarantining more than 50,000 people from 11 different municipalities in northern Italy. Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte said "In the outbreak areas, entry and exit will not be provided. Suspension of work activities and sport events has already been ordered in those areas." Punishments for violating of the lockdown range from a fine of 206 euros to 3 months imprisonment. Italian military and law enforcement agencies were instructed to secure and implement the lockdown.

On 3 March, Chinese authorities reported that on 1 and 2 March, eight people who had returned to the county of Qingtian, in East China's Zhejiang province, had the virus. All eight appear to have acquired COVID-19 in the northern town of Bergamo, a virus-ravaged municipality, where they had worked at a restaurant, Qingtian officials said. Chinese authorities called these "backflow cases" — virus carriers who contract the disease outside China, then bring it back to their homeland.

On 4 March, the Italian government ordered the full closure of all schools and universities nationwide as Italy reached 100 deaths. Additionally, all major sporting events, including Serie A football matches, would be held behind closed doors until April. On 9 March, all sport was suspended completely for at least one month.

Main article: COVID-19 lockdown in Italy

On 21 February, at least ten towns in the Lombardy and Veneto regions of Italy, with a total population of 50,000, were locked down in quarantine procedure following an outbreak in Codogno in Lombardy. Police mandated a curfew closing all public buildings and controlling access through police checkpoints to the so-called 'red zone' which is enforced by penalties for violations ranging from a €206 fine to three months of imprisonment against trespassers who are not health or supply workers. The government of Giuseppe Conte said that sending in the armed forces to enforce the lockdown was a possibility. The governor of Basilicata, Vito Bardi, instituted a mandatory 14-day quarantine for people arriving from areas in northern Italy affected by the outbreak on 24 February. On the same day, 500 extra police officers were assigned to patrol the quarantined areas in Lodi and Veneto.

On the morning of 8 March 2020, Conte said that much of Italy's northern territories, including Milan and Venice, would be quarantined within their region. Conte said the country was locking down all of the populous Lombardy region, with movement restrictions applying to about 16 million people. This will be the most aggressive response taken in any region beyond China, and will paralyse the wealthiest parts of the country as Italy attempts to constrain the rapid spread of the disease. On 8 March 2020, there have been 7,375 confirmed cases, and 366 deaths in Italy.

On the evening of 9 March 2020, the quarantine was expanded to all of Italy.

Criticism against Italian government's responses

Italy's government has drawn criticism from scientists and WHO, for its decision to suspend direct flights to mainland China that while sounding "tough" on paper, was ineffective as "people can still arrive from risk areas via indirect routes." Walter Ricciardi, professor of Hygiene and Public Health at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Rome and a member of the European Advisory Committee on Health Research has said "Italy was wrong, closing flights from China is of no use when there are indirect ones."

Italy's government has also been criticised for not testing or enforcing lockdowns sufficiently in some regions, sending mixed messages, and downplaying the severity of the situation. Criticism followed disclosures by Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte that protocols had not been followed at the hospital in Codogno, Lombardy that treated "patient 1" which "certainly contributed to the spread" of the virus in Italy, with Conte responding to inquiries by journalists on what protocol was broken with "This is not the time for controversy." In response to a statement by Conte that the central government may need to "revoke regional health policy powers," President of Lombardy Attilio Fontana called Conte's statement "fascist" and "talking nonsense."

On 8 March, plans by the government to quarantine 16 million people in Northern Italy were leaked early by a national newspaper, causing thousands of people to flee the region before it took place. Conte condemned the leak, calling it "unacceptable".

Netherlands

Main article: Dutch government response to the COVID-19 pandemic

Spain

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Spain
This section needs expansion. You can help by making an edit requestadding to it . (April 2020)

On 31 January 2020, the first case was confirmed when a tourist tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in La Gomera, Spain. On 14 March, due to the increased number of cases, Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez declared a state of alarm, placing all citizens in quarantine except for those working in healthcare or other vital activities, closing all non-critical businesses, and only allowing citizens to go outside for activities such as grocery shopping or walking a pet.

Criticism against Spanish government's responses

Spanish government has received criticism for its perceived slow response to the pandemic, as it did not prevent any concentrations until 11 March when there already were 1,646 infected. The large march in Madrid for International Women's Day (8 March), which was attended by around 120,000 people received special criticism, as this event was promoted and attended by members of the government such as Irene Montero who was later confirmed to be infected.

United Kingdom

Main articles: United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic See also: COVID-19 pandemic in England, COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland, COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland, and COVID-19 pandemic in Wales
This section needs expansion. You can help by making an edit requestadding to it . (April 2020)

The nature of devolution in the United Kingdom meant that each of the four countries of the UK had its own response to COVID-19 with different rules and restrictions at different times and many of the UK government actions only applying to England.

On 24 March 2020, the United Kingdom brought in "some of the most far-reaching curbs on personal freedom ever introduced" in peacetime, including a three-week lockdown of the country. This included a ban on public gatherings of more than two people (excluding those one lives with) and the closing down of all non-essential businesses.

Scotland

The first case of COVID-19 in Scotland was confirmed on 1 March with the first death of someone with COVID-19 occurring 12 days later. The following week, on 20 March, the Scottish government instructed a number of businesses to close, including pubs, cafes, cinemas and bingo halls. On 21 May, First Minister Nicola Sturgeon outlined a four-phase "route map" for easing lockdown restrictions in Scotland to take effect from 28 May subject to the number of new cases of COVID-19 continuing to fall.

Other countries and territories

North America

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in North America

Costa Rica

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Costa Rica

Since the start of the pandemic, the Ministry of Health, together with the Government, were in charge of informing the general population through a daily press conference. By 6 March, the first confirmed case of COVID-19 is registered after several results obtained by INCIENSA (Costa Rican Institute of Research and Teaching in Nutrition and Health). The 49-year-old American woman was isolated, along with her husband in a San José lodging. There were 2 previous suspected cases under investigation. The positive patient arrived with her husband on Sunday, 1 March without symptoms, at the Juan Santamaría airport, they visited Alajuela and Puntarenas, so investigations were carried out from these areas to follow up on contacts, as well as 152 people traveling on the flight that brought them to the country.

On 9 March, due to the nine confirmed cases of COVID-19, the Ministry of Health in coordination with the National Emergency Commission (CNE) reported that from 10 March, events and concentration activities are canceled massive, both free and paid, while teleworking for public institutions is instructed through the Presidential Directive.

The President Carlos Alvarado and the Minister of Health, Daniel Salas announced, on 12 March, preventive closings to educational centers at risk, the reduction in 50% of the approved capacity of public meeting spaces and suspension of trips abroad for public employees. A telephone line is created for inquiries about COVID-19.

On 15 March, the Ministry of Health made the decision to instruct a total lockdown placing all citizens in quarantine except for those working in healthcare and delivery restaurant and food services. The closure of bars, clubs and casinos and the amusement park was informed. By this date 35 confirmed cases of COVID-19 are registered in the nation.

On 16 March, The Government declares a state of National Emergency, prevents the arrival of foreigners and lessons are suspended in all schools. Costa Ricans and residents who entered the country will have to carry out mandatory preventive isolation for 14 days. 41 cases are confirmed.

The first death of a patient confirmed by COVID-19 is recorded by 18 March. This is an 87-year-old man who was hospitalized in intensive care at the Alajuela Hospital.

By 31 March, were registered 8 in intensive care and 347 people were infected. 4 people recovered.

United States

Main articles: United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic, U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, and Trump administration communication during the COVID-19 pandemic

On 28 January 2020, the federal government publicly released its approach to COVID-19 testing. Despite this, the U.S. testing effort was slow, obscuring the extent of the outbreak. Many of the 160,000 test kits produced in February were found to be defective and were not used. Academic laboratories, hospitals and private companies were not allowed to use their own tests until 29 February, when the FDA started issuing approvals for them. Initially, there were eligibility restrictions for receiving a COVID-19 test (based on recent international travel, hospitalization for respiratory illness, or contact with another person already diagnosed with COVID-19). By 27 February 2020, fewer than 4,000 tests had been conducted in the United States. On March 5, 2020, the CDC relaxed its restrictions, allowing doctors to decide whom to test; a week later, nearly 14,000 tests had been performed. Federal funding was used to run 41 "community-based testing sites" (CBTS), but the federal government said it would stop this funding on 10 April; as a result of that decision, some of these testing sites were expected to close, shifting demand to hospitals. Those that remain open will likely be funded by states.

On 31 January 2020, President Donald Trump issued a proclamation limiting entry into the United States, as immigrants or nonimmigrants, of all aliens who were physically present within the People's Republic of China, excluding the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau, during the 14-day period preceding their entry or attempted entry into the United States.

The first six confirmed deaths in the United States were reported in late February 2020 in the Pacific Northwest state of Washington. By 8 March 2020, there were 22 U.S. deaths and over 500 reported cases. A month later, on 8 April, there were 14,000 U.S. deaths and over 430,000 reported cases.

The U.S. federal government's health inspectors surveyed 323 hospitals in late March, reporting "severe shortages" of test supplies, "widespread shortages" of PPE, and other strained resources due to extended patient stays while awaiting test results.

Other countries and territories

Oceania

Fiji

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji

At the beginning of February, the Government of Fiji announced a travel ban to China. As the disease started spreading to other countries, Fiji extended the travel ban to Italy, Iran and South Korea.

However, on 19 March, Fiji confirmed its first case of COVID-19 in Lautoka. As a precautionary measure, the Government of Fiji announced the lockdown of the city until 7 April 2020 and the travel ban was further extended to the United States and the whole of Europe including the United Kingdom. On 26 March, the country closed its main international airport in Nadi and all local shipping services was ceased. Later on 2 April, the Government announced a lockdown of Suva, after confirmed cases in the capital.

As the cases rose, Prime Minister Voreqe Bainimarama announced a nationwide curfew from 8pm to 5am and social gatherings was banned. Schools and non-essential services was closed and the public was advised to stay at home and practice good hygiene.

New Zealand

Main article: New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic

On 28 January, the Ministry of Health set up the National Health Coordination Centre (NHCC) in response to the outbreak. On 3 February, the New Zealand Government announced that foreign travellers who left from China would be denied entry to New Zealand, with only New Zealand citizens and permanent residents and their family being allowed to enter.

New Zealand confirmed its first case of COVID-19 on 28 February, a New Zealand citizen in his 60s who had recently visited Iran. The travel ban was extended to include Iran on the same day.

17 March: Health Minister David Clark announced that the Government would deport foreign tourists who flout self-quarantine restrictions. Immigration New Zealand placed two foreign tourists into forced quarantine for defying Government requirements to self-quarantine for two weeks. Finance Minister Grant Robertson announced a NZ$12.1 billion COVID-19 business package. Logan Park High School in Dunedin closed for 48 hours after one of its students tested positive for COVID-19

18 March: The Royal New Zealand Returned and Services' Association announced that all Anzac Day services, scheduled for 25 April, would be cancelled.

19 March: The government required the cancellation of mass indoor events with more than 100 people. Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern announced the closure of New Zealand's borders to all but New Zealand citizens and residents, with effect after 11:59 pm on Thursday night.

21 March: Local councils in New Zealand's main centres announced the closures of public facilities including swimming pools, libraries, recreation centres, community centres, art galleries, and museums.

23 March: Prime Minister Ardern raised the COVID-19 alert level from two to three and announced the closure of all schools beginning on that day. The Government also announced that they would raise the national alert level to four at 11:59pm on 25 March, which would lead to a nationwide lockdown, for a period of four weeks. While all sporting matches and events as well as non-essential services such as pools, bars, cafes, restaurants, playgrounds are required to close in 48 hours, essential services such as supermarkets, petrol stations, and health services will remain open.

8 June: New Zealand lifts all domestic restrictions from COVID-19 after reporting no new cases for over two weeks. However, entry to New Zealand remained restricted.

16 June: The country gets new cases of COVID after two women returned to New Zealand from the UK after they were given an exemption to travel. In response, David Clark suspended compassionate exemptions.

Other countries and territories

South America

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in South America

Brazil

Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro has been criticized due to "lax handling" of the outbreak and after calling it a "fantasy". His lack of action has also prompted many protests across the country since 18 March 2020. Days before, on 15 March, Bolsonaro received harsh criticism after attending a pro-government demonstration in Brasília on which he had physical contact with more than two hundred people, against the recommendations of his own Minister of Health. Following the event, the president of the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies, Rodrigo Maia, said that Bolsonaro's acts were an "attack on public health", going against his own government guidelines, while Davi Alcolumbre, president of the Brazilian Senate, classified Bolsonaro's behaviour as "inconsequential". The Brazilian Ministry of Health has also been criticized for not providing enough test kits, which may muddle the efforts to contain the outbreak in the country.

Other countries and territories

Debate

The response to the pandemic has resulted in unprecedented expansion of government power. Advocates of small government worry that the state will be reluctant to give up that power once the crisis is over, as has often been the case historically.

See also

Notes

References

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