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{{short description|Noble family of Poland}} {{short description|Noble family of Poland}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2017}} {{more footnotes|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox noble house {{Infobox noble house
|surname = Potocki |surname = Potocki
⚫ |estate = Poland, Lithuania, Ukraine, Belarus, Croatia
|coat of arms = ] |coat of arms = ]
|country = ] |country = ]
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|final ruler = |final ruler =
|current head = |current head =
|founding year = Officially in 15th century |founding year = 15th century (officially)
|deposition= |deposition=
⚫ |estates = Poland, Lithuania, Ukraine, Croatia, Belarus
|ethnicity = ]
|cadet branches = |cadet branches =
}} }}
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]]] ]]]
]]] ]]]
'''Potocki''' ({{IPA-pl|pɔˈtɔt͡skʲi}}) was one of the prominent ] ] families in the ] and ] of the ]. The Potocki family is one of the wealthiest and most powerful aristocratic families that still exist in Poland. The '''House of Potocki''' ({{IPA|pl|pɔˈtɔt͡skʲi}}; plural: Potoccy, male: Potocki, feminine: Potocka) was a prominent ] in the ] and ] of the ]. The Potocki family is one of the wealthiest and most powerful aristocratic families in Poland.


==History== ==History==
The Potocki family originated from ] in the ]; their family name derives from that place name. The family contributed to the cultural development and history of Poland's ] (today Western Ukraine). The family is renowned for numerous Polish statesmen, military leaders, and cultural activists. The Potocki family originated from the small village of ]; their family name derives from that place name. The family contributed to the cultural development and history of Poland's ] (today Western Ukraine). The family is renowned for numerous Polish statesmen, military leaders, and cultural activists.


The first known Potocki was Żyrosław z Potoka (born about 1136). The children of his son Aleksander (~1167) ] of ], were progenitors of new noble families such as the Moskorzewskis, Stanisławskis, Tworowskis, Borkowskis, and Stosłowskis. ] (c. 1481-1551) was the progenitor of the ] line of the Potocki family, with descendants living today, including those living in America.{{Citation needed|date=January 2014}} The first known Potocki was Żyrosław z Potoka (born about 1136). The children of his son Aleksander (~1167) ] of ], were progenitors of new noble families such as the Moskorzewski, Stanisławski, Tworowski, Borowski, and Stosłowski.


The magnate line split into three primary lineages, called: ] (c. 1481–1551) was the protoplast of the ] line of the Potocki family. The magnate line split into three primary lineages, called:
* Hetman Line or Silver Pilawa, many members of which held the position of ], the protoplast was ]. The line divided into a number of branches, including Łańcut, Krzeszów, Tulczyn and Wilanów branches.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ciara |first=Stefan |title=Potoccy - zarys dziejów rodu |url=https://www.wilanow-palac.pl/zarys_dziejow_rodu_potockich.html |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=www.wilanow-palac.pl}}</ref>
* "Linia hetmańska" ("Srebrna Pilawa"), in English: "]'s lineage" ("Silver Pilawa"). Note some sources refer to Pilawa as Piława.
* Primate Line or Golden Pilawa, named after the most prominent member ], ].<ref name=":0" />
* "Linia Prymasowa" ("Złota Pilawa"), in English: "]'s lineage" ("Golden Pilawa")
* Iron Pilawa line{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* "Żelazna Pilawa", considered the oldest ones, in English: "Iron Pilawa"


The "Złota Pilawa" line received the title of ] from the Emperor of the ] in 1606. The entire family began using the Count title after the ]. The title was recognized 1777 and 1784 in the ] and 1838, 1843, 1859, 1890 1903 in ] and 1889 by the Pope and in the Kingdom of Poland (]). <!--this needs details, although, did they get a new count title or was it confirmed after partitions?--> The "Złota Pilawa" line received the title of ] from the Emperor of the ] in 1606. The entire family began using the Count title after the ]. The title was recognized 1777 and 1784 in the ] and 1838, 1843, 1859, 1890 1903 in ] and 1889 by the Pope and in the Kingdom of Poland (]). <!--this needs details, although, did they get a new count title or was it confirmed after partitions?-->
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* ] (1817–1889), ], ] * ] (1817–1889), ], ]
* ] (1785–1862), landowner, politician * ] (1785–1862), landowner, politician
* ] (?-1692), ] * ] (1630–1692), ]
* ] (1618–1663), ] and ] * ] (1618–1663), ] and ]
⚫ * ] (1664–1738), Primate of Poland and ] in 1733
* ] (1761–1801), banker and voivode * ] (1761–1801), banker and voivode
* ] (1787–1832), landowner, officer * ] (1787–1832), landowner, officer
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* ] (1630–1702), Field and Great Hetman of the Crown * ] (1630–1702), Field and Great Hetman of the Crown
* ] (1700–1772), ], ] * ] (1700–1772), ], ]
* ] (1750–1809), politician, writer and office holder.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Potocki, Ignaty | volume= 22 |last= Bain |first= Robert Nisbet |author-link= Robert Nisbet Bain| page = 208 |short= 1}}</ref>
* ] (1761–1815), writer ('']'') * ] (1761–1815), writer ('']'')
* ] (1889–1961), diplomat, officer * ] (1889–1961), diplomat, officer
* ] (1673–1751), Great Hetman of the Crown * ] (1673–1751), Great Hetman of the Crown
* ] (?-1723), ] * ] (?-1723), ]
* ] (1862–1922)
* ] (?-1642), was married to ] * ] (?–1642), was married to ]
* ] (1781–1852), was married to Jan Potocki and ] * ] (1781–1852), was married to Jan Potocki and ]
* ] (1595–1651), Field and Great Crown Hetman * ] (1595–1651), Field and Great Crown Hetman
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* ] (1750–1809), co-author of the ] * ] (1750–1809), co-author of the ]
* ] (1852–1915), landowner * ] (1852–1915), landowner
* ] (1762–1829), curator of ] educational district in ]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Petronis|first1=Vytautas|title=Constructing Lithuania: Ethnic Mapping in Tsarist Russia, ca. 1800-1914|date=2007|publisher=Stockholm University Press|page=95}}</ref> * Seweryn Potocki (1762–1829), curator of ] educational district in ]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Petronis|first1=Vytautas|title=Constructing Lithuania: Ethnic Mapping in Tsarist Russia, ca. 1800–1914|date=2007|publisher=Stockholm University Press|page=95}}</ref>
* ] (1755–1821), writer, publicist, collector and patron of art * ] (1755–1821), writer, publicist, collector and patron of art
* ] (1579–1667), Field and Great Hetman of the Crown * ] (1579–1667), Field and Great Hetman of the Crown
* ] (1659–1683), ] of ] and ], ] and ] of cavalry * ] (1659–1683), ] of ] and ], ] and ] of cavalry
* ] (1753–1805), Marshal of the ] * ] (1753–1805), Marshal of the ].<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Potocki, Stanislaw Felix | volume= 22 |last= Bain |first= Robert Nisbet |author-link= Robert Nisbet Bain| pages = 208&ndash;209 |short= 1}}</ref>
* ], ] of ] * Stefan Potocki, voivode of Bratslav (1568-1631), ] of ]
* ], ] of ] * ] (1624–1648), ] of ]
* ], the founder of the ] ] * ] (? — 1726/1727), the founder of the ] Buchach basilian monastery
⚫ * ] (1664–1738), Primate of Poland and ] in 1733
* ] (died c. 1670), was married to ] and Andrzej Potocki * ] (died c. 1670), was married to ] and Andrzej Potocki


==Other relatives== ==Other relatives==
*] (1902–1997), an accomplished New Zealand poet, has been erroneously described as a "feigned member" of the Pilawa Potocki family. In fact, he is a direct descendant of the Bocki Potocki line, until recently believed to have died out with the death of Count Jozef Franciszek Jan Potocki, his great-grandfather, in Paris. Jozef's son, Count Joseph Wladislas Edmond Potocki de Montalk, born in Paris in 1836, B. es L. (Sorbonne), fought in ]'s campaign of 1859 and arrived in New Zealand in 1868, where he became Professor of Modern Languages at Auckland University College. He was the author of ''The Elements of French Literature'', 1879; founder and president of the ]; a member of the ''Société de Linguistique de Paris''; and, as an ''Officier d'Académie'', was a recipient of the ''Palmes académiques''. Professor Potocki de Montalk had twelve children; the eldest son, Robert Wladislas, an Auckland architect, was Geoffrey Potocki de Montalk's father. *Count ] (1902–1997), an accomplished New Zealand poet, has been erroneously described as a "feigned member" of the Pilawa Potocki family. In fact, he is a direct descendant of the Bocki Potocki line, until recently believed to have died out with the death of Count Jozef Franciszek Jan Potocki, his great-grandfather, in Paris.{{citation needed|date=September 2020}}


==Purported Members== ==Purported members==
* ], birth name Valentin Potocki. Purportedly converted to ], moved to ] to hide his identity but was executed for heresy on May 23, 1749 (the second day of the Jewish holiday of ]). His remains are believed to be have been secretly buried next to the ], with a monument to that effect first erected in 1927. Though his existence is generally accepted among Orthodox Jews, many secular scholars contest his existence due to a lack of primary sources. He was first mentioned in writing by Rabbi ] in 1755, six years after he would have died. * ], birth name Valentin Potocki. Purportedly converted to ], moved to ] to hide his identity but was executed for heresy on May 23, 1749 (the second day of the Jewish holiday of ]). His remains are believed to have been secretly buried next to the ], with a monument to that effect first erected in 1927. Though his existence is generally accepted among Orthodox Jews, many secular scholars contest his existence due to a lack of primary sources. He was first mentioned in writing by Rabbi ] in 1755, six years after he would have died.
* Maria Patocka: said to be the mother of Crimean khan ]. * Maria Patocka: said to be the mother of Crimean khan ].


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Image:Wilanow herb Pilawa na mauzoleum.jpg|Pilawa at the Potocki mausoleum at ] Image:Wilanow herb Pilawa na mauzoleum.jpg|Pilawa at the Potocki mausoleum at ]
Image:Pilawa CoA in Lezajsk monastery.JPG|Pilawa at ] monastery Image:Pilawa CoA in Lezajsk monastery.JPG|Pilawa at ] monastery
</gallery>

==Palaces and parks==
<gallery widths=200 heights=200 align=center>
Image:Warszawa pałac Potockich 2009.jpg|]
Image:Pod Baranami.JPG|"Pod Baranami" Palace in ]
Image:05-243-0076. Старий палац (Потоцьких)-1.jpg|Palace of Szczęsny Potocki in ]
Image:Radzyń Podlaski. Pałac Potockich..jpg|Potocki Palace in ]
Image:Львів - Коперника, 15-1.jpg|]
Image:Pałac Zbaraskich, Kraków.JPG|Zbarski Palace in Kraków
Image:Łańcut - zamek - 1023 z 27.08.1979.jpg|]
Image:Warsaw 07-13 img28 Tyszkiewicz Palace.jpg|], Warsaw
Image:Лівадійський палацовий комплекс7.jpg|], ]
Image:Palac Potockich w Natolinie 01.jpg|Palace in ]
Image:Warsaw Wilanow Potocki mausoleum.jpg|The Potocki mausoleum at ] at Warsaw
Image:Палац Потоцьких 46-118-0008.jpg|Palace in w ]
Image:Zbarazh Castle Park3.jpg|]
Image:Софіївський-парк.jpg|], ]
Image:Międzyrzec podlaski pałac potockich.jpg|Potocki's Palace in ]
Image:Potockis castle in Zator.jpg|Castle in w ]
Image:Bedlewo institute.JPG|Palace in ]
Image:Krzeszowice Potockis palace.jpg|Palace of Adam Józef Potocki in ]
Image:Koniecpol100 2396.jpg|Palace Chrząstow (])
Image:Замок в Поморянах.jpg|]
Image:Napoleon Orda. Nemyriv.jpg|Palace in ]
Image:Vysokaje, pałac (4.08.2008).jpg|Palace in ]
Image:Антоніни.Палац Потоцьких.Поштівка.png|Palace in ] (Khmelnytskyi Oblast)
Image:Ukraine.Zolotiy Potik.Castle01.jpg|Ruins of a castle from the 17th century in ]
</gallery> </gallery>


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==External links== ==External links==
{{Commons category|Potocki family}} {{Commons category|House of Potocki}}
*
*]
* *


Latest revision as of 09:04, 22 November 2024

Noble family of Poland
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Potocki
CountryPoland
Founded15th century (officially)
FounderJakub Potocki (c. 1481-1551)
TitlesHetmans
Primates of Poland
Magnates
Nobles
Estate(s)Poland, Lithuania, Ukraine, Croatia, Belarus
Hetman Stanisław "Rewera" Potocki
Hetman Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki
Field Hetman Andrzej Potocki
Hetman Feliks Kazimierz Potocki
Stanisław Kostka Potocki
Alfred Potocki
Jan Potocki

The House of Potocki (Polish pronunciation: [pɔˈtɔt͡skʲi]; plural: Potoccy, male: Potocki, feminine: Potocka) was a prominent Polish noble family in the Kingdom of Poland and magnates of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Potocki family is one of the wealthiest and most powerful aristocratic families in Poland.

History

The Potocki family originated from the small village of Potok Wielki; their family name derives from that place name. The family contributed to the cultural development and history of Poland's Eastern Borderlands (today Western Ukraine). The family is renowned for numerous Polish statesmen, military leaders, and cultural activists.

The first known Potocki was Żyrosław z Potoka (born about 1136). The children of his son Aleksander (~1167) castelan of Sandomierz, were progenitors of new noble families such as the Moskorzewski, Stanisławski, Tworowski, Borowski, and Stosłowski.

Jakub Potocki (c. 1481–1551) was the protoplast of the magnate line of the Potocki family. The magnate line split into three primary lineages, called:

  • Hetman Line or Silver Pilawa, many members of which held the position of Hetman, the protoplast was Stanisław "Rewera" Potocki. The line divided into a number of branches, including Łańcut, Krzeszów, Tulczyn and Wilanów branches.
  • Primate Line or Golden Pilawa, named after the most prominent member Teodor Andrzej Potocki, Primate of Poland.
  • Iron Pilawa line

The "Złota Pilawa" line received the title of count from the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in 1606. The entire family began using the Count title after the partitions of Poland. The title was recognized 1777 and 1784 in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria and 1838, 1843, 1859, 1890 1903 in Russia and 1889 by the Pope and in the Kingdom of Poland (Congress Poland).

In 1631 Stefan Potocki, who started the "Złota Pilawa" lineage, died and was buried in Zolotyi Potik (pl. Złoty Potok, Golden Potok, a village owned by this lineage), his descendants started to use the Pilawa coat of arms in golden colour. Because of that the lineage is called the "Złota Pilawa" (Golden Piława).

There are also four branches called:

  • "Gałąź łańcucka" (Branch of Łańcut)
  • "Gałąź krzeszowicka" (Branch of Krzeszowice)
  • "Gałąź tulczyńska" (Branch of Tulczyn)
  • "Gałąź wilanowska" (branch of Wilanów)

Named after the hubs of their respective constellations of properties.

The family became prominent in the 16th and 17th centuries as a result of the patronage of Chancellor Jan Zamoyski and King Sigismund III Vasa.

Notable family members

Other relatives

  • Count Geoffrey Potocki de Montalk (1902–1997), an accomplished New Zealand poet, has been erroneously described as a "feigned member" of the Pilawa Potocki family. In fact, he is a direct descendant of the Bocki Potocki line, until recently believed to have died out with the death of Count Jozef Franciszek Jan Potocki, his great-grandfather, in Paris.

Purported members

  • Avraham ben Avraham, birth name Valentin Potocki. Purportedly converted to Judaism, moved to Vilna to hide his identity but was executed for heresy on May 23, 1749 (the second day of the Jewish holiday of Shavuot). His remains are believed to have been secretly buried next to the Vilna Gaon, with a monument to that effect first erected in 1927. Though his existence is generally accepted among Orthodox Jews, many secular scholars contest his existence due to a lack of primary sources. He was first mentioned in writing by Rabbi Yaakov Emden in 1755, six years after he would have died.
  • Maria Patocka: said to be the mother of Crimean khan Adil Giray.

Coat of arms and motto

The Potocki family used the Piława coat of arms, and their motto was Scutum opponebat scuto (Latin for "Shield opposing shield"; literally "He opposed shield to shield").

  • Silver Pilawa Silver Pilawa
  • Golden Pilawa Golden Pilawa
  • Arms of the Counts Potocki Arms of the Counts Potocki
  • Pilawa at the Potocki mausoleum at Wilanów Park Pilawa at the Potocki mausoleum at Wilanów Park
  • Pilawa at Leżajsk monastery Pilawa at Leżajsk monastery

See also

Further reading

  • Potocka-Wąsowiczowa, Anna z Tyszkiewiczów. Wspomnienia naocznego świadka. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1965.

References

  1. ^ Ciara, Stefan. "Potoccy - zarys dziejów rodu". www.wilanow-palac.pl. Retrieved 2024-05-02.
  2. Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). "Potocki, Ignaty" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). p. 208.
  3. Petronis, Vytautas (2007). Constructing Lithuania: Ethnic Mapping in Tsarist Russia, ca. 1800–1914. Stockholm University Press. p. 95.
  4. Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). "Potocki, Stanislaw Felix" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). pp. 208–209.

External links

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