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'''''Allenbatrachus grunniens''''', commonly known as the '''grunting toadfish''', is a species of toadfish found in marine and brackish waters in the ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Allenbatrachus grunniens summary page |url=https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/6391 |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=FishBase |language=en}}</ref> First described by ] in 1758, the grunting toadfish is largely found in coastal waters and estuarine areas, especially over muddy bottoms.<ref>'''Rainboth, W.J.''', 1996. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. FAO, Rome, 265 p. </ref> '''''Allenbatrachus grunniens''''', commonly known as the '''grunting toadfish''', is a species of toadfish found in marine and brackish waters in the ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Allenbatrachus grunniens summary page |url=https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/6391 |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=FishBase |language=en}}</ref> First described by ] in 1758, the grunting toadfish is largely found in coastal waters and estuarine areas, especially over muddy bottoms.<ref>'''Rainboth, W.J.''', 1996. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. FAO, Rome, 265 p. </ref>


=== Biology ===
The toadfish produces a "boat whistle" mating call 10-12 times a minute for hours on end to attract females to its nest.<ref name=":0" /> The fish's mating call is produced by sonic muscles attached to their swim bladders.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chiu |first=Kuo-Hsun |last2=Hsieh |first2=Fu-Ming |last3=Chen |first3=Yu-Yun |last4=Huang |first4=Hurng-Wern |last5=Shiea |first5=Jentaie |last6=Mok |first6=Hin-Kiu |date=2013 |title=Parvalbumin characteristics in the sonic muscle of a freshwater ornamental grunting toadfish (Allenbatrachus grunniens) |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10695-012-9683-4 |journal=Fish Physiology and Biochemistry |language=en |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=107–119 |doi=10.1007/s10695-012-9683-4 |issn=0920-1742}}</ref> The contraction of the toadfishes' sonic muscle and the speed of Ca2+ transport is the fastest of all vertebrate muscles.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Rome |first=Lawrence C. |last2=Lindstedt |first2=Stan L. |date=1998 |title=The Quest for Speed: Muscles Built for High-Frequency Contractions |url=https://www.physiology.org/doi/10.1152/physiologyonline.1998.13.6.261 |journal=Physiology |language=en |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=261–268 |doi=10.1152/physiologyonline.1998.13.6.261 |issn=1548-9213}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rome |first=Lawrence C. |last2=Cook |first2=Chris |last3=Syme |first3=Douglas A. |last4=Connaughton |first4=Martin A. |last5=Ashley-Ross |first5=Miriam |last6=Klimov |first6=Andrei |last7=Tikunov |first7=Boris |last8=Goldman |first8=Yale E. |date=1999-05-11 |title=Trading force for speed: Why superfast crossbridge kinetics leads to superlow forces |url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.96.10.5826 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=96 |issue=10 |pages=5826–5831 |doi=10.1073/pnas.96.10.5826 |issn=0027-8424}}</ref> The toadfish produces a "boat whistle" mating call 10-12 times a minute for hours on end to attract females to its nest.<ref name=":0" /> The fish's mating call is produced by sonic muscles attached to their swim bladders.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chiu |first=Kuo-Hsun |last2=Hsieh |first2=Fu-Ming |last3=Chen |first3=Yu-Yun |last4=Huang |first4=Hurng-Wern |last5=Shiea |first5=Jentaie |last6=Mok |first6=Hin-Kiu |date=2013 |title=Parvalbumin characteristics in the sonic muscle of a freshwater ornamental grunting toadfish (Allenbatrachus grunniens) |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10695-012-9683-4 |journal=Fish Physiology and Biochemistry |language=en |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=107–119 |doi=10.1007/s10695-012-9683-4 |issn=0920-1742}}</ref> The contraction of the toadfishes' sonic muscle and the speed of Ca2+ transport is the fastest of all vertebrate muscles.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Rome |first=Lawrence C. |last2=Lindstedt |first2=Stan L. |date=1998 |title=The Quest for Speed: Muscles Built for High-Frequency Contractions |url=https://www.physiology.org/doi/10.1152/physiologyonline.1998.13.6.261 |journal=Physiology |language=en |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=261–268 |doi=10.1152/physiologyonline.1998.13.6.261 |issn=1548-9213}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rome |first=Lawrence C. |last2=Cook |first2=Chris |last3=Syme |first3=Douglas A. |last4=Connaughton |first4=Martin A. |last5=Ashley-Ross |first5=Miriam |last6=Klimov |first6=Andrei |last7=Tikunov |first7=Boris |last8=Goldman |first8=Yale E. |date=1999-05-11 |title=Trading force for speed: Why superfast crossbridge kinetics leads to superlow forces |url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.96.10.5826 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=96 |issue=10 |pages=5826–5831 |doi=10.1073/pnas.96.10.5826 |issn=0027-8424}}</ref>


=== In the aquarium ===
The grunting toadfish is occasionally kept in aquariums; however, care should be taken when handling the animal as it is known to be venemous.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Halstead |first=Bruce |title=Dangerous Marine Animals |date=1959 |publisher=Cornell Maritime Press |year=1959}}</ref> The grunting toadfish is occasionally kept in aquariums; however, care should be taken when handling the animal as it is known to be venemous.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Halstead |first=Bruce |title=Dangerous Marine Animals |date=1959 |publisher=Cornell Maritime Press |year=1959}}</ref>


Revision as of 14:46, 31 December 2024

Species of fish


Allenbatrachus grunniens
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Batrachoidiformes
Family: Batrachoididae
Genus: Allenbatrachus
Species: A. grunniens
Binomial name
Allenbatrachus grunniens
Linnaeus 1758

Allenbatrachus grunniens, commonly known as the grunting toadfish, is a species of toadfish found in marine and brackish waters in the Indo Pacific. First described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, the grunting toadfish is largely found in coastal waters and estuarine areas, especially over muddy bottoms.

Biology

The toadfish produces a "boat whistle" mating call 10-12 times a minute for hours on end to attract females to its nest. The fish's mating call is produced by sonic muscles attached to their swim bladders. The contraction of the toadfishes' sonic muscle and the speed of Ca2+ transport is the fastest of all vertebrate muscles.

In the aquarium

The grunting toadfish is occasionally kept in aquariums; however, care should be taken when handling the animal as it is known to be venemous.

References

  1. "Allenbatrachus grunniens summary page". FishBase. Retrieved 2024-12-31.
  2. Rainboth, W.J., 1996. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. FAO, Rome, 265 p.
  3. ^ Rome, Lawrence C.; Lindstedt, Stan L. (1998). "The Quest for Speed: Muscles Built for High-Frequency Contractions". Physiology. 13 (6): 261–268. doi:10.1152/physiologyonline.1998.13.6.261. ISSN 1548-9213.
  4. Chiu, Kuo-Hsun; Hsieh, Fu-Ming; Chen, Yu-Yun; Huang, Hurng-Wern; Shiea, Jentaie; Mok, Hin-Kiu (2013). "Parvalbumin characteristics in the sonic muscle of a freshwater ornamental grunting toadfish (Allenbatrachus grunniens)". Fish Physiology and Biochemistry. 39 (2): 107–119. doi:10.1007/s10695-012-9683-4. ISSN 0920-1742.
  5. Rome, Lawrence C.; Cook, Chris; Syme, Douglas A.; Connaughton, Martin A.; Ashley-Ross, Miriam; Klimov, Andrei; Tikunov, Boris; Goldman, Yale E. (1999-05-11). "Trading force for speed: Why superfast crossbridge kinetics leads to superlow forces". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 96 (10): 5826–5831. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.10.5826. ISSN 0027-8424.
  6. Halstead, Bruce (1959). Dangerous Marine Animals. Cornell Maritime Press.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Taxon identifiers
Allenbatrachus grunniens
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