Incest: Difference between revisions

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	'''Incest''' once refered only to sexual relations between geneticaly close family members, such as brother and sister or parent and child, but it is now often used to describe relationships between an authority figure and a pupil, such as teacher-student or troop leader and scout.		'''Incest''' once refered only to sexual relations between geneticaly close family members, such as brother and sister or parent and child, but it is now often used metaphorically, to describe relationships between an authority figure and a pupil, such as teacher-student or troop leader and scout. Incest is a criminal offence and an impediment to marriage in most countries, as well as being against most modern religions.

	It is a criminal offence and an impediment to marriage in most modern countries, as well as being against most modern religions. The definitions of "close family member" and "sex" vary widely.
			The description and analysis of incest, and beliefs concerning incest, is complicated by the fact that the definitions of "close family member" and "sex" vary widely across cultures. For example, Trobriand Islanders prohibit both sexual relations between a man and his mother, and between a woman and her father, but they describe these prohibitions in very different ways: relations between a man and his mother fall within the category of forbidden relations among members of the same clan; relations between a woman and her father do not. This is because the Trobrianders are matrilineal; children belong to the clan of their mother and not of their father. Thus, sexual relations between a man and his mother's sister (and mother's sister's daughter) are also considered incestuous, but relations between a man and his father's sister are not. Indeed, a man and his father's sister will often have a flirtatious relationship, and a man and the daughter of his father's sister may prefer to have sexual relations or marry.

	In the United States and other industrialized countries, incest is generally used to refer to forbidden sexual relations within the family. Incest is most frequently engaged in by parents of both sexes and their children. And while it is usually perceived as an act done by a father against his daughter, this is yet another myth surrounding the practice. Historically, the most important forms of incest were maternal incest (see also ]. And while surveys do not indicate a high rate of maternal incest, this can be seen as a reflection of the difficulty of collecting information about sexual abuse inflicted on infants rather than its rare occurence.		In the United States and other industrialized countries, incest is generally used to refer to forbidden sexual relations within the family. Incest is most frequently engaged in by parents of both sexes and their children. And while it is usually perceived as an act done by a father against his daughter, this is yet another myth surrounding the practice. Historically, the most important forms of incest were maternal incest (see also ]. And while surveys do not indicate a high rate of maternal incest, this can be seen as a reflection of the difficulty of collecting information about sexual abuse inflicted on infants rather than its rare occurence.

Revision as of 08:50, 8 August 2002

Incest once refered only to sexual relations between geneticaly close family members, such as brother and sister or parent and child, but it is now often used metaphorically, to describe relationships between an authority figure and a pupil, such as teacher-student or troop leader and scout. Incest is a criminal offence and an impediment to marriage in most countries, as well as being against most modern religions.

The description and analysis of incest, and beliefs concerning incest, is complicated by the fact that the definitions of "close family member" and "sex" vary widely across cultures. For example, Trobriand Islanders prohibit both sexual relations between a man and his mother, and between a woman and her father, but they describe these prohibitions in very different ways: relations between a man and his mother fall within the category of forbidden relations among members of the same clan; relations between a woman and her father do not. This is because the Trobrianders are matrilineal; children belong to the clan of their mother and not of their father. Thus, sexual relations between a man and his mother's sister (and mother's sister's daughter) are also considered incestuous, but relations between a man and his father's sister are not. Indeed, a man and his father's sister will often have a flirtatious relationship, and a man and the daughter of his father's sister may prefer to have sexual relations or marry.

In the United States and other industrialized countries, incest is generally used to refer to forbidden sexual relations within the family. Incest is most frequently engaged in by parents of both sexes and their children. And while it is usually perceived as an act done by a father against his daughter, this is yet another myth surrounding the practice. Historically, the most important forms of incest were maternal incest (see also Oedipus complex. And while surveys do not indicate a high rate of maternal incest, this can be seen as a reflection of the difficulty of collecting information about sexual abuse inflicted on infants rather than its rare occurence.

It is widely, but by no means universally, agreed that incest by parents should be illegal. Some societies, notably India in the 1920s, consider incest an inescapable fact of life. In many societies some forms of sexual contact between close family members is socially (and sometimes even publically) encouraged. For example, in Bali it was encouraged for mothers to sexually stimulate infants. This practice, among many others, is also common among primitive tribes in Papua New Guinea, Polynesian and Melanesian islands. It is also common among the Japanese who claim to have no Oedipal complex "because the father is no competition" to the son.

Examples of incest in mythology are rampant. Zeus and Hera are brother and sister as well as husband and wife. They were the children of Cronus and Rhea who were also brother and sister as well as husband and wife.

Finally, there is also the much rarer phenomenon of consensual incestuous relations between adults, such as between an adult brother and sister. This is illegal in most places, but these laws are sometimes questioned on the grounds that such relations do not harm other people (provided the couple have no children) and so should not be criminalised. Artificial insemination and distant adoption have compounded these problems. There are known cases of people having romances, or even marrying, only to later find out they are closely related.

Adult incest has been notable in royal dynasties, presumably to keep the bloodline "pure". Although the marriage unions were often not consensual, with young adults or children forced to marry close relatives, this does not imply the sex was non-consensual. Best known for this practice, which included brother-sister marriages, are the dynasties of Ancient Egypt.