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| ==Iberian-Guanche inscriptions== | |||
| ] | |||
| Many rock-writing inscriptions have been recorded from the ]<ref name=uno>Manifestaciones rupestres de las Islas Canarias: I. Las manifestaciones rupestres de Lanzarote. II. Las manifestaciones rupestres de Fuerteventura. By: León Hernández, Tejera Gaspar, Perera Betancor. Coordinated by: A. Tejera Gaspar and J. Cuenca Sanabria. Edited by: Consejería de Cultura y Deportes. Canary Islands. Spain (1996).</ref>. A majority probably corresponds to a language common to all islands, ]. This name was originally referred only to ] aborigines and language <ref>Natura y cultura de las Islas Canarias. By: Pedro Hernández. Edited by: Tafor Publicaciones S.L.-Cabildo Insular. Tenerife. Canary Islands. Spain (2006). | |||
| </ref>, but later extended to all ]'s first inhabitants and language. | |||
| ===Alphabets=== | |||
| The main alphabet rock scripts have been found in all islands: it is a modified ancient Lybic-Berber alphabet, similar to that studied by Chabot from ancient North Africa ("Numidic"<ref> Recueil des inscriptions Lybiques (fascicule premier). By: J.B. Chabot. Edited by: Imprimerie Nationale. Paris (1941).</ref><ref> Recueil des inscriptions Lybiques (fascicule second). By: J.B. Chabot. Edited by: Imprimerie Nationale. Paris (1941).</ref><ref name=cinco>Origen y uso de la escritura líbico-bereber en Canarias. By: Renata A. Springer Bunk. Edited by: Centro de Cultura Popular Canaria. Tenerife. Canary Islands. Spain (2001).</ref>). It has been used to propose translations, based on phonetic equivalence and semantics that are rejected by other authors including . The methodology has been based on the old inscriptions meanings of the ] (name proposed by ] et al. (Fig. 1; ; ): ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and other languages. However, other very particular lot of rock inscriptions has been found in the two easternmost islands, ] and ]: the so-called "Latin" inscriptions <ref name=cinco/> <ref name=seis> Die Schrift der Ostinseln-Corpus der Inschriften auf Fuerteventura. By: W. Pichler. Almogaren, XXIII. Edited by: Hallein. pp. 313-453 (1992).</ref>. However, these inscriptions on rocks are written in Iberian alphabet (VI century BC - III century AD) from the Mediterranean part of the Iberian Peninsula, and not Iberian characters from the South of Iberia <ref name=siete> Misceláneas: historia, arte, arqueología. Excerpta: "La escritura ibérica y su lenguaje". By: Manuel Gómez-Moreno. pp. 257-281. Edited by: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Madrid. Spain (1949).</ref><ref name=ocho> Diccionario Espasa-Iberos. By José R. Pellón. Edited by: Espasa-Calpe. Madrid. Spain (2006).</ref>. They have been compiled by Pichler <ref name=seis/> and it is puzzling that they are only found in ] and ] <ref name=cinco/>. | |||
| ===The Iberian-Guanche inscriptions=== | |||
| It is surprising that these inscriptions have only been described as 'Iberian-Guanche' as late as 2001 <ref name=nueve>Egipcios, bereberes, guanches y vascos. By: ] and J. Alonso Garcia. Edited by: Editorial Complutense. Madrid. Spain. 2nd ed. January (2001).</ref>. It is also striking that they are found only in two of the Canary Islands. This Iberian-Guanche rock alphabet may come from: | |||
| ] | |||
| 1. North Africa. There is no documented findings of this type of writing in the African continent <ref name=cinco/>. | |||
| 2. Iberian Peninsula. This is the most likely origin. Fishermen from eastern Iberian Peninsula may have written them or shown how to write them to aborigines. | |||
| ] (123-72 BC) wrote in ] about the Roman General in Spain ], who was informed about two southern islands close to the African continent by fishermen in the ] coast (southwest Iberia). These islands were apparently very rich in tuna fishes and fishery, and were likely Lanzarote and Fuerteventura. ] paste was made in southern Iberian coast and very famous, much appreciated and eaten throughout the ]; tuna fish head was an essential part of ], together with several strong-tasting spices. This suggests that Iberian fishermen could go after tuna fishes that reproduced in front of Iberian Levant and fished them at their feeding season around ], ] and the African continent (Fig. 2). Whether ''Iberian-Guanche'' rock alphabetic inscriptions were made by Iberians or by autochthonous Canary Islands inhabitants is not known. | |||
| Translations for Iberian-Guanche short inscriptions were put forward for these rock inscriptions, but are rejected by many authors (see )(<ref name=nueve/><ref name=diez>The Usko-Mediterranean languages. By: A. Arnaiz-Villena and J. Alonso García. In: Prehistoric Iberia: Genetics, Anthropology, and Linguistics. Edited by: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. New York. United States (2000).</ref>). ] et al. proposed that they are, in general, religious or funerary inscriptions related to the Mediterranean Old Mother (Ama) and Door (Ata) religion (<ref name=nueve/> <ref name=diez/> <ref name=once>Goddesses and gods of old Europe, 6500-3500 BC. By: Marija Gimbutas. Edited by: Thames and Hudson Ltd. London. United Kingdom (1982).</ref>). Although this religion was probably of Mediterranean origin, it is documented throughout all Europe at least <ref name=once/>. Fig. 3 shows an Iberian-Guanche inscription from Lanzarote <ref name=uno/> <ref name=nueve/> together with its proposed translation into Spanish by using a remaining Usko-Mediterranean language, Basque (<ref name=nueve/> <ref name=diez/>, ). Their phonetic translation (<ref name=siete/><ref name=ocho/>) and religious/funerary semantics stemming from Mother and Door religion (<ref name=nueve/><ref name=diez/><ref name=once/>). The full methodology may be consulted on <ref name=diez/> and retrieved from . Fig. 4 shows some of the translations proposed <ref name=nueve/> to Pichler collected inscriptions <ref name=seis/> from Fuerteventura. | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ===Conclusion=== | |||
| ] rock inscriptions from ]'s Levant (and not south) are found in ] and ] ] (]). These inscriptions were probably done by Iberian fishermen or by ] taught by ]. According to Gomez-Moreno and ]/Alonso-Garcia, and Gimbutas, transliterations and translations have been put forward in a phonetic/semantic and thematic (religious/funerary) context. This is put forward by ] et al. and some followers. The theory that ] and ancient ] are either the same language, or very similar has been put forward by many authors since the ], according to ] et al. | |||
| ] and ] languages were first related by Esteban de Garibay (Royal Chronicler of ] of ]) and the Basque Andres Poza in the 16th Century. Also, ], Hubner and Schuchardt and many other scholars maintained the same thesis until the end of the Spanish Civil War (1939): during the 2nd half of the 20th Century ] and Antonio Tovar left Basque as an unrelated,isolated language in the World. Many Spanish scholars maintain this relatively recent view. Ruhlen,Bengston,and others (including ] group) find ] relationships with other extant and extict languages. See for references. | |||
| ===External links=== | |||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| ===References=== | |||
| <references/> | |||
| 12. | |||
| ---- | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ---- | |||
| ---- | |||
| == Iberian-Canarian scripts == | |||
| ] | |||
| , also named ]. | |||
| Many rock-writing inscriptions have been recorded from the ]<ref name=uno>Manifestaciones rupestres de las Islas Canarias: I. Las manifestaciones rupestres de Lanzarote. II. Las manifestaciones rupestres de Fuerteventura. By: León Hernández, Tejera Gaspar, Perera Betancor. Coordinated by: A. Tejera Gaspar and J. Cuenca Sanabria. Edited by: Consejería de Cultura y Deportes. Canary Islands. Spain (1996). ISBN: 978-84-7947-182-8</ref>. A majority probably corresponds to a language common to all islands, ]. This name was originally referred only to ] aborigines and language <ref>Natura y cultura de las Islas Canarias. By: Pedro Hernández. Edited by: Tafor Publicaciones S.L.-Cabildo Insular. Tenerife. Canary Islands. Spain (2006). | |||
| </ref>, but later extended to all ]'s first inhabitants and language. | |||
| ===Alphabets=== | |||
| The main alphabet rock scripts have been found in all islands: it is a modified ancient Lybic-Berber alphabet, similar to that studied by Chabot from ancient North Africa ("Numidic"<ref> Recueil des inscriptions Lybiques (fascicule premier). By: J.B. Chabot. Edited by: Imprimerie Nationale. Paris (1941).</ref><ref> Recueil des inscriptions Lybiques (fascicule second). By: J.B. Chabot. Edited by: Imprimerie Nationale. Paris (1941).</ref><ref name=cinco>Origen y uso de la escritura líbico-bereber en Canarias. By: Renata A. Springer Bunk. Edited by: Centro de Cultura Popular Canaria. Tenerife. Canary Islands. Spain (2001). ISBN: 978-84-7926-395-9</ref>). It has been used to propose translations, based on phonetic equivalence and semantics that are rejected by other authors including . The methodology has been based on the old inscriptions meanings of the (name proposed by ] et al. (Fig. 1; ): ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and other languages. However, other very particular lot of rock inscriptions has been found in the two easternmost islands, ] and ]: the so-called "Latin" inscriptions <ref name=cinco/> <ref name=seis> Die Schrift der Ostinseln-Corpus der Inschriften auf Fuerteventura. By: W. Pichler. Almogaren, XXIII. Edited by: Hallein. pp. 313-453 (1992).</ref>. However, these inscriptions on rocks are written in Iberian alphabet (VI century BC - III century AD) from the Mediterranean part of the Iberian Peninsula, and not Iberian characters from the South of Iberia <ref name=siete> Misceláneas: historia, arte, arqueología. Excerpta: "La escritura ibérica y su lenguaje". By: Manuel Gómez-Moreno. pp. 257-281. Edited by: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Madrid. Spain (1949).</ref><ref name=ocho> Diccionario Espasa-Iberos. By José R. Pellón. Edited by: Espasa-Calpe. Madrid. Spain (2006).</ref>. They have been compiled by Pichler <ref name=seis/> and it is puzzling that they are only found in ] and ] <ref name=cinco/>. | |||
| ===The Iberian-Canarian scripts=== | |||
| It is surprising that these inscriptions have only been described as 'Iberian-Guanche' as late as 2001 <ref name=nueve>Egipcios, bereberes, guanches y vascos. By: ] and J. Alonso Garcia. Edited by: Editorial Complutense. Madrid. Spain. 2nd ed. January (2001).</ref>. It is also striking that they are found only in two of the Canary Islands. This Iberian-Guanche rock alphabet may come from: | |||
| ] | |||
| 1. North Africa. There is no documented findings of this type of writing in the African continent <ref name=cinco/>. | |||
| 2. Iberian Peninsula. This is the most likely origin. Fishermen from eastern Iberian Peninsula may have written them or shown how to write them to aborigines. | |||
| ] (123-72 BC) wrote in ] about the Roman General in Spain ], who was informed about two southern islands close to the African continent by fishermen in the ] coast (southwest Iberia). These islands were apparently very rich in tuna fishes and fishery, and were likely Lanzarote and Fuerteventura. ] paste was made in southern Iberian coast and very famous, much appreciated and eaten throughout the ]; tuna fish head was an essential part of ], together with several strong-tasting spices. This suggests that Iberian fishermen could go after tuna fishes that reproduced in front of Iberian Levant and fished them at their feeding season around ], ] and the African continent (Fig. 2). Whether ''Iberian-Guanche'' rock alphabetic inscriptions were made by Iberians or by autochthonous Canary Islands inhabitants is not known. | |||
| Translations for Iberian-Guanche short inscriptions were put forward for these rock inscriptions, but are rejected by many authors (see )(<ref name=nueve/><ref name=diez>The Usko-Mediterranean languages. By: A. Arnaiz-Villena and J. Alonso García. In: Prehistoric Iberia: Genetics, Anthropology, and Linguistics. Edited by: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. New York. United States (2000).</ref>). ] et al. proposed that they are, in general, religious or funerary inscriptions related to the Mediterranean Old Mother (Ama) and Door (Ata) religion (<ref name=nueve/> <ref name=diez/> <ref name=once>Goddesses and gods of old Europe, 6500-3500 BC. By: Marija Gimbutas. Edited by: Thames and Hudson Ltd. London. United Kingdom (1982).</ref>). Although this religion was probably of Mediterranean origin, it is documented throughout all Europe at least <ref name=once/>. Fig. 3 shows an Iberian-Guanche inscription from Lanzarote <ref name=uno/> <ref name=nueve/> together with its proposed translation into Spanish by using a remaining Usko-Mediterranean language, Basque (<ref name=nueve/> <ref name=diez/>, ). Their phonetic translation (<ref name=siete/><ref name=ocho/>) and religious/funerary semantics stemming from Mother and Door religion (<ref name=nueve/><ref name=diez/><ref name=once/>). The full methodology may be consulted on <ref name=diez/> and retrieved from . Fig. 4 shows some of the translations proposed <ref name=nueve/> to Pichler collected inscriptions <ref name=seis/> from Fuerteventura. | |||
| One of the first authors to relate directly Basque and Guanche languages was Federico Krutwig, who made a with their meanings in Basque and Spanish languages. Also, he quotes in his book that the first Catholic bishop appointed for the Canary Islands was a Basque because the Spanish conquerors assimilated Guanche language to Guanche language. | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ===Conclusion=== | |||
| ] rock inscriptions from ]'s Levant (and not south) are found in ] and ] ] (]). These inscriptions were probably done by Iberian fishermen or by ] taught by ]. According to Gomez-Moreno and ]/Alonso-Garcia, and Gimbutas, transliterations and translations have been put forward in a phonetic/semantic and thematic (religious/funerary) context. This is put forward by ] et al. and some followers. The theory that ] and ancient ] are either the same language, or very similar has been put forward by many authors since the ], according to ] et al. | |||
| ] and ] languages were first related by Esteban de Garibay (Royal Chronicler of ] of ]) and the Basque Andres Poza in the 16th Century. Also, ], Hubner and Schuchardt and many other scholars maintained the same thesis until the end of the Spanish Civil War (1939): during the 2nd half of the 20th Century ] and Antonio Tovar left Basque as an unrelated,isolated language in the World. Many Spanish scholars maintain this relatively recent view. Ruhlen,Bengston,and others (including ] group) find ] relationships with other extant and extict languages. See for references. | |||
| ===External links=== | |||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| ===References=== | |||
| <references/> | |||
| 12. | |||
| ---- | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 14:30, 4 March 2009
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Iberian-Guanche inscriptions
Many rock-writing inscriptions have been recorded from the Canary Islands. A majority probably corresponds to a language common to all islands, Guanche. This name was originally referred only to Tenerife aborigines and language , but later extended to all Canary Islands's first inhabitants and language.
Alphabets
The main alphabet rock scripts have been found in all islands: it is a modified ancient Lybic-Berber alphabet, similar to that studied by Chabot from ancient North Africa ("Numidic"). It has been used to propose translations, based on phonetic equivalence and semantics that are rejected by other authors including Pichler. The methodology has been based on the old inscriptions meanings of the Usko-Mediterranean languages (name proposed by Arnaiz-Villena et al. (Fig. 1; Usko-Mediterranean Languages; Usko-Mediterranean Peoples): Basque, Caucasian, Berber, Etruscan, Minoan, Hittite, Sumerian, Egyptian, and other languages. However, other very particular lot of rock inscriptions has been found in the two easternmost islands, Fuerteventura and Lanzarote: the so-called "Latin" inscriptions . However, these inscriptions on rocks are written in Iberian alphabet (VI century BC - III century AD) from the Mediterranean part of the Iberian Peninsula, and not Iberian characters from the South of Iberia Iberian-Guanche inscriptions. They have been compiled by Pichler and it is puzzling that they are only found in Fuerteventura and Lanzarote .
The Iberian-Guanche inscriptions
It is surprising that these inscriptions have only been described as 'Iberian-Guanche' as late as 2001 . It is also striking that they are found only in two of the Canary Islands. This Iberian-Guanche rock alphabet may come from:
1. North Africa. There is no documented findings of this type of writing in the African continent .
2. Iberian Peninsula. This is the most likely origin. Fishermen from eastern Iberian Peninsula may have written them or shown how to write them to aborigines.
Plutarch (123-72 BC) wrote in Parallel Lives about the Roman General in Spain Sertorius, who was informed about two southern islands close to the African continent by fishermen in the Cádiz coast (southwest Iberia). These islands were apparently very rich in tuna fishes and fishery, and were likely Lanzarote and Fuerteventura. Garum paste was made in southern Iberian coast and very famous, much appreciated and eaten throughout the Roman Empire; tuna fish head was an essential part of garum, together with several strong-tasting spices. This suggests that Iberian fishermen could go after tuna fishes that reproduced in front of Iberian Levant and fished them at their feeding season around Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and the African continent (Fig. 2). Whether Iberian-Guanche rock alphabetic inscriptions were made by Iberians or by autochthonous Canary Islands inhabitants is not known.
Translations for Iberian-Guanche short inscriptions were put forward for these rock inscriptions, but are rejected by many authors (see discussion)(). Arnaiz-Villena et al. proposed that they are, in general, religious or funerary inscriptions related to the Mediterranean Old Mother (Ama) and Door (Ata) religion ( ). Although this religion was probably of Mediterranean origin, it is documented throughout all Europe at least . Fig. 3 shows an Iberian-Guanche inscription from Lanzarote together with its proposed translation into Spanish by using a remaining Usko-Mediterranean language, Basque ( , Usko-Mediterranean Languages). Their phonetic translation () and religious/funerary semantics stemming from Mother and Door religion (). The full methodology may be consulted on and retrieved from Usko-Mediterranean Languages. Fig. 4 shows some of the translations proposed to Pichler collected inscriptions from Fuerteventura.
Conclusion
Iberian language rock inscriptions from Iberian Peninsula's Levant (and not south) are found in Lanzarote and Fuerteventura Canary Islands (Spain). These inscriptions were probably done by Iberian fishermen or by Guanche people taught by Iberians. According to Gomez-Moreno and Arnaiz-Villena/Alonso-Garcia, and Gimbutas, transliterations and translations have been put forward in a phonetic/semantic and thematic (religious/funerary) context. This is put forward by Arnaiz-Villena et al. and some followers. The theory that Basque and ancient Iberian languages are either the same language, or very similar has been put forward by many authors since the XVI century, according to Arnaiz-Villena et al.
Iberian and Basque languages were first related by Esteban de Garibay (Royal Chronicler of Phillip II of Spain) and the Basque Andres Poza in the 16th Century. Also, Humboldt, Hubner and Schuchardt and many other scholars maintained the same thesis until the end of the Spanish Civil War (1939): during the 2nd half of the 20th Century Koldo Mitxelena and Antonio Tovar left Basque as an unrelated,isolated language in the World. Many Spanish scholars maintain this relatively recent view. Ruhlen,Bengston,and others (including Arnaiz-Villena group) find Basque relationships with other extant and extict languages. See discussion for references.
External links
References
- ^ Manifestaciones rupestres de las Islas Canarias: I. Las manifestaciones rupestres de Lanzarote. II. Las manifestaciones rupestres de Fuerteventura. By: León Hernández, Tejera Gaspar, Perera Betancor. Coordinated by: A. Tejera Gaspar and J. Cuenca Sanabria. Edited by: Consejería de Cultura y Deportes. Canary Islands. Spain (1996).
- Natura y cultura de las Islas Canarias. By: Pedro Hernández. Edited by: Tafor Publicaciones S.L.-Cabildo Insular. Tenerife. Canary Islands. Spain (2006).
- Recueil des inscriptions Lybiques (fascicule premier). By: J.B. Chabot. Edited by: Imprimerie Nationale. Paris (1941).
- Recueil des inscriptions Lybiques (fascicule second). By: J.B. Chabot. Edited by: Imprimerie Nationale. Paris (1941).
- ^ Origen y uso de la escritura líbico-bereber en Canarias. By: Renata A. Springer Bunk. Edited by: Centro de Cultura Popular Canaria. Tenerife. Canary Islands. Spain (2001).
- ^ Die Schrift der Ostinseln-Corpus der Inschriften auf Fuerteventura. By: W. Pichler. Almogaren, XXIII. Edited by: Hallein. pp. 313-453 (1992).
- ^ Misceláneas: historia, arte, arqueología. Excerpta: "La escritura ibérica y su lenguaje". By: Manuel Gómez-Moreno. pp. 257-281. Edited by: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Madrid. Spain (1949).
- ^ Diccionario Espasa-Iberos. By José R. Pellón. Edited by: Espasa-Calpe. Madrid. Spain (2006).
- ^ Egipcios, bereberes, guanches y vascos. By: A. Arnaiz-Villena and J. Alonso Garcia. Edited by: Editorial Complutense. Madrid. Spain. 2nd ed. January (2001).
- ^ The Usko-Mediterranean languages. By: A. Arnaiz-Villena and J. Alonso García. In: Prehistoric Iberia: Genetics, Anthropology, and Linguistics. Edited by: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. New York. United States (2000).
- ^ Goddesses and gods of old Europe, 6500-3500 BC. By: Marija Gimbutas. Edited by: Thames and Hudson Ltd. London. United Kingdom (1982).
Iberian-Canarian scripts
Iberian-Canarian scripts, also named Iberian-Guanche inscriptions.
Many rock-writing inscriptions have been recorded from the Canary Islands. A majority probably corresponds to a language common to all islands, Guanche. This name was originally referred only to Tenerife aborigines and language , but later extended to all Canary Islands's first inhabitants and language.
Alphabets
The main alphabet rock scripts have been found in all islands: it is a modified ancient Lybic-Berber alphabet, similar to that studied by Chabot from ancient North Africa ("Numidic"). It has been used to propose translations, based on phonetic equivalence and semantics that are rejected by other authors including Pichler. The methodology has been based on the old inscriptions meanings of the Usko-Mediterranean Languages (name proposed by Arnaiz-Villena et al. (Fig. 1; Usko-Mediterranean Peoples): Basque, Caucasian, Berber, Etruscan, Minoan, Hittite, Sumerian, Egyptian, and other languages. However, other very particular lot of rock inscriptions has been found in the two easternmost islands, Fuerteventura and Lanzarote: the so-called "Latin" inscriptions . However, these inscriptions on rocks are written in Iberian alphabet (VI century BC - III century AD) from the Mediterranean part of the Iberian Peninsula, and not Iberian characters from the South of Iberia Iberian-Guanche inscriptions. They have been compiled by Pichler and it is puzzling that they are only found in Fuerteventura and Lanzarote .
The Iberian-Canarian scripts
It is surprising that these inscriptions have only been described as 'Iberian-Guanche' as late as 2001 . It is also striking that they are found only in two of the Canary Islands. This Iberian-Guanche rock alphabet may come from:
1. North Africa. There is no documented findings of this type of writing in the African continent .
2. Iberian Peninsula. This is the most likely origin. Fishermen from eastern Iberian Peninsula may have written them or shown how to write them to aborigines.
Plutarch (123-72 BC) wrote in Parallel Lives about the Roman General in Spain Sertorius, who was informed about two southern islands close to the African continent by fishermen in the Cádiz coast (southwest Iberia). These islands were apparently very rich in tuna fishes and fishery, and were likely Lanzarote and Fuerteventura. Garum paste was made in southern Iberian coast and very famous, much appreciated and eaten throughout the Roman Empire; tuna fish head was an essential part of garum, together with several strong-tasting spices. This suggests that Iberian fishermen could go after tuna fishes that reproduced in front of Iberian Levant and fished them at their feeding season around Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and the African continent (Fig. 2). Whether Iberian-Guanche rock alphabetic inscriptions were made by Iberians or by autochthonous Canary Islands inhabitants is not known.
Translations for Iberian-Guanche short inscriptions were put forward for these rock inscriptions, but are rejected by many authors (see discussion)(). Arnaiz-Villena et al. proposed that they are, in general, religious or funerary inscriptions related to the Mediterranean Old Mother (Ama) and Door (Ata) religion ( ). Although this religion was probably of Mediterranean origin, it is documented throughout all Europe at least . Fig. 3 shows an Iberian-Guanche inscription from Lanzarote together with its proposed translation into Spanish by using a remaining Usko-Mediterranean language, Basque ( , Usko-Mediterranean Languages). Their phonetic translation () and religious/funerary semantics stemming from Mother and Door religion (). The full methodology may be consulted on and retrieved from Usko-Mediterranean Languages. Fig. 4 shows some of the translations proposed to Pichler collected inscriptions from Fuerteventura.
One of the first authors to relate directly Basque and Guanche languages was Federico Krutwig, who made a list of Guanche words with their meanings in Basque and Spanish languages. Also, he quotes in his book Garaldea, ISBN: 84-7148-045-X that the first Catholic bishop appointed for the Canary Islands was a Basque because the Spanish conquerors assimilated Guanche language to Guanche language.
Conclusion
Iberian language rock inscriptions from Iberian Peninsula's Levant (and not south) are found in Lanzarote and Fuerteventura Canary Islands (Spain). These inscriptions were probably done by Iberian fishermen or by Guanche people taught by Iberians. According to Gomez-Moreno and Arnaiz-Villena/Alonso-Garcia, and Gimbutas, transliterations and translations have been put forward in a phonetic/semantic and thematic (religious/funerary) context. This is put forward by Arnaiz-Villena et al. and some followers. The theory that Basque and ancient Iberian languages are either the same language, or very similar has been put forward by many authors since the XVI century, according to Arnaiz-Villena et al.
Iberian and Basque languages were first related by Esteban de Garibay (Royal Chronicler of Phillip II of Spain) and the Basque Andres Poza in the 16th Century. Also, Humboldt, Hubner and Schuchardt and many other scholars maintained the same thesis until the end of the Spanish Civil War (1939): during the 2nd half of the 20th Century Koldo Mitxelena and Antonio Tovar left Basque as an unrelated,isolated language in the World. Many Spanish scholars maintain this relatively recent view. Ruhlen,Bengston,and others (including Arnaiz-Villena group) find Basque relationships with other extant and extict languages. See discussion for references.
External links
References
- ^ Manifestaciones rupestres de las Islas Canarias: I. Las manifestaciones rupestres de Lanzarote. II. Las manifestaciones rupestres de Fuerteventura. By: León Hernández, Tejera Gaspar, Perera Betancor. Coordinated by: A. Tejera Gaspar and J. Cuenca Sanabria. Edited by: Consejería de Cultura y Deportes. Canary Islands. Spain (1996). ISBN: 978-84-7947-182-8
- Natura y cultura de las Islas Canarias. By: Pedro Hernández. Edited by: Tafor Publicaciones S.L.-Cabildo Insular. Tenerife. Canary Islands. Spain (2006).
- Recueil des inscriptions Lybiques (fascicule premier). By: J.B. Chabot. Edited by: Imprimerie Nationale. Paris (1941).
- Recueil des inscriptions Lybiques (fascicule second). By: J.B. Chabot. Edited by: Imprimerie Nationale. Paris (1941).
- ^ Origen y uso de la escritura líbico-bereber en Canarias. By: Renata A. Springer Bunk. Edited by: Centro de Cultura Popular Canaria. Tenerife. Canary Islands. Spain (2001). ISBN: 978-84-7926-395-9
- ^ Die Schrift der Ostinseln-Corpus der Inschriften auf Fuerteventura. By: W. Pichler. Almogaren, XXIII. Edited by: Hallein. pp. 313-453 (1992).
- ^ Misceláneas: historia, arte, arqueología. Excerpta: "La escritura ibérica y su lenguaje". By: Manuel Gómez-Moreno. pp. 257-281. Edited by: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Madrid. Spain (1949).
- ^ Diccionario Espasa-Iberos. By José R. Pellón. Edited by: Espasa-Calpe. Madrid. Spain (2006).
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