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| '''Nag Hammadi Massacre''' was a massacre of ] carried out on the eve of January 7th, 2010 in the ] city of ]. The massacre occurred at the hands of ] gunmen in front of the ] cathedral, as ] were leaving the church after celebrating the midnight ] mass according to the ]. The massacre resulted in the murder of 6 ] and 1 ] who happened to be a bystander. Ten other ] were wounded in the attack.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8444851.stm</ref><ref>http://arabist.net/archives/2010/01/08/the-nag-hammadi-massacre/</ref><ref>http://www.copts.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1835&Itemid=2</ref><ref>http://wyborcza.pl/1,76842,7431307,Morduja_chrzescijan_w_Egipcie.html</ref> | |||
| On January 6, 2010, six ] and one ] were killed and numerous others wounded when Muslim gunmen fired into a group of Coptic Christians exiting a church in the city of ] in Upper ]. The attacks were the worst-known case of Egyptian sectarian violence in a decade.<ref name="catastrophe"/> | |||
| The Nag Hammadi massacre gained widespread international attention, and was condemned by ]<ref>, (AFP) – Jan 10, 2010</ref>, ] MP ]<ref>http://www.nadimgemayel.com/newsInformation.asp?NewsId=180 النائب نديم الجميّل يتضامن مع أقباط مصر (Arabic)</ref><ref>http://www.lebanese-forces.com/web/MoreNews.aspx?newsid=72357&title=%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85 (Arabic)</ref>, ] foreign minister ]<ref name='frat'>{{cite web | title=Minister Frattini dismayed by the recent violence against the Coptic Christian community in Egypt | date=2010-01-07 | publisher=] | url=http://www.esteri.it/MAE/EN/Sala_Stampa/ArchivioNotizie/Comunicati/2010/01/20100107_Copti.htm?LANG=ENm | accessdate = 2010-03-07 }}</ref><ref>http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/4960336-7-people-killed-in-a-shooting-incident-in-southern-egypt</ref> <ref>http://freecopts.net/english/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1098&Itemid=9&widthstyle=w-wide</ref>, and ] foreign minister ]<ref>http://www.international.gc.ca/media/aff/news-communiques/2010/004-Egypt.aspx</ref><ref>http://vladtepesblog.com/?p=18520</ref>. The attacks were one of the most serious outbreaks of ] violence in ], and the worst since the murder of 21 ] in ] in January 2000. | |||
| ==Background== | ==Background== | ||
| ] are the direct descendants of the ].<ref></ref><ref>http://www.worldmag.com/articles/15734</ref><ref>http://www.wiscopts.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=81&Itemid=90</ref><ref>http://www.copticmission.org/copticchurch</ref><ref>http://www.coptic.org/language/georgy/common.htm</ref> They form the largest religious minority in the ], and represent between 15% and 20% of a population of over 80 million Egyptians<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica (1985)</ref><ref>Macropædia (15th ed., Chicago)</ref><ref>http://www.asharqalawsat.com/leader.asp?section=3&article=157751&issueno=8872 "Institut National Etudes Démographiques" - Research in population and demography of France estimates the coptic population to be</ref><ref name="The world factbook/Egypt/">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/eg.html|title=Egypt from “The World Factbook”|date=September 4, 2008|publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="Washington Institute">{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID=2386|title=”The Copts and Their Political Implications in Egypt”|date=October 25, 2005|publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="IPS News"> (retrieved 09-27-2008)</ref><ref>. ''The Washington Post''. "Estimates of the size of Egypt's Christian population vary from the low government figures of 6 to 7 million to the 12 million reported by some Christian leaders. The actual numbers may be in the 9 to 9.5 million range, out of an Egyptian population of more than 60 million." Retrieved 10-10-2008</ref><ref>Ibrahim, Youssef M. | |||
| ] is 40 miles (64km) from ], southern Egypt's biggest city. | |||
| "". '']'', March 15, 1993. Retrieved 10-10-2008.</ref><ref name="christianpost.com">Chan, Kenneth. ". '']''. December 7, 2004. Accessed ], ].</ref><ref> <Online>. ''Egypt''. Accessed ], ].</ref><ref name="U.S.Dept of State/Egypt">{{cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5309.htm|title= Egypt from “U.S. Department of State/Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs”|date=September 30, 2008 |publisher= ]}}</ref><ref name="FCO/Egypt/">{{cite web|url=http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/about-the-fco/country-profiles/middle-east-north-africa/egypt|title=Egypt from “Foreign and Commonwealth Office”|date=August 15, 2008|publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="LOOKLEX Encyclopedia/Egypt/Religions&Peoples">{{cite web|url=http://lexicorient.com/e.o/egypt_4.htm|title=Egypt Religions & Peoples from “LOOKLEX Encyclopedia”|date=September 30, 2008|publisher= LookLex Ltd.}}</ref><ref name="msn encarta/Egypt">{{cite web|url= http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761557408_3/Egypt.html|title=Egypt from “msn encarta”|date=September 30, 2008 |publisher= ]|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1257013931677776|archivedate=2009-10-31|deadurl=yes}}</ref> though estimates vary (see ]). The Coptic community has been targeted by hate crimes and physical assaults, and has been facing varying degrees of discriminatory and restrictive government policies.<ref>http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/copticchristians.htm</ref> Since the 1970s, when ] began to gain ground in ], there have been many attacks on members of the Coptic Christian minority. Local authorities' handling of such cases is often criticized. Police are accused of delaying their response to reports of fighting and then simply arresting equal numbers of Muslims and Christians in order to create some sort of balance. Sometimes criminal investigations are dropped in favor of informal reconciliation meetings, and Coptic Christians continuously complain that attacks against them always go unpunished.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8478397.stm</ref><ref></ref><ref name="catastrophe">{{cite news | title=Egypt's anxious Copts 'await next catastrophe' | date=2010-01-25 | publisher=] | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8478397.stm | accessdate = 2010-03-07 }}</ref> The government protection is almost non existent for the Copts and the law is usually not enforced on the Muslim perpetrators.<ref>http://www.christiannewswire.com/index.php?module=releases&task=view&releaseID=12778</ref><ref></ref><ref name="cafa"/> In addition, the extent of governmental discrimination against the ] goes as far as the fact that they are not even allowed to fix a toilet in a church without direct approval from the president of the republic.<ref>http://www.britishorthodox.org/113d.php</ref> Other forms of anti-Christian discrimination in ] include discrimination in hiring in the public sector and staff appointments to public universities, prohibition from studying at ] (a publicly funded institution with approximately half a million students), and barring from certain jobs such as Arabic language teachers.<ref>http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/egypt/copt.htm</ref> | |||
| Coptic Christians - who make up approximately 10% of Egypt's 80 million population<ref name="BBC.Egypt"/> - have complained of harassment and discrimination.<ref>http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/copticchristians.htm</ref> Some Copts argue that previous attacks on them have gone unpunished or have drawn light sentences.{{fact|date=March 2010}} | |||
| ==Events== | |||
| Since the 1970s, when Islamic extremism began to increase in Egypt, there have been sporadic clashes between Muslims and members of the Coptic Christian minority. Local authorities' handling of such cases is often criticized. Police are accused of delaying their response to reports of fighting and then simply arresting equal numbers of individuals from each faith. Sometimes criminal investigations are dropped in favor of informal reconciliation meetings.<ref name="catastrophe">{{cite news | title=Egypt's anxious Copts 'await next catastrophe' | date=2010-01-25 | publisher=] | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8478397.stm | accessdate = 2010-03-07 }}</ref> The government protection is almost non existent for the Copts and the law is usually not enforced on the Muslim perpetrators.<ref name="cafa"/> | |||
| Bishop Kyrillos (Cyril), the ] bishop of ], had warned the Egyptian police that there have been threats in the days leading up to the ] Eve service. For this reason, he decided to end his mass one hour earlier than normal. He told the ] that, for days, he had expected something to happen on Christmas Eve. He said he left the church minutes before the attack, and had to take the back door when a suspicious driving car swerved near him. Seconds later he heard the mayhem, lots of machine-gun shots.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8445838.stm</ref> | |||
| ==The attack== | |||
| As the Christian worshipers were leaving the ] Cathedral after the Christmas Eve service, a car pulled up and gunfire was sprayed into the crowd. As a result, six ] all aged between 15 and 23 were killed. In addition, one ] bystander was also killed in the attack.<ref name="BBC.Egypt">{{cite news | title=Egypt Copts killed in Christmas church attack | date=2010-01-07 | publisher=] | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/8444851.stm | accessdate = 2010-03-07 }}</ref><ref>, Gregg Carlstrom | January 8, 2010 </ref><ref>, UK Copts, 15 January 2010</ref><ref>http://wyborcza.pl/1,76842,7431307,Morduja_chrzescijan_w_Egipcie.html (polish language)</ref> Ten other ] were wounded. The names of the victims were: Mina Helmy Said, Bishoy Farid Labib, Boula Atef Yassa, Ayman Zakaria Louka, Abanoub Kamal Nashed, and Rafik Refaat William.<ref>, February 9, 2010 </ref> | |||
| ==Aftermath== | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | The Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR) |
||
| On |
On 8 January 2010, three men were arrested and charged with premeditated murder in association with the Nag Hammadi massacre."<ref name="catastrophe"/> The names of the three accused men were Mohammed al-Kammuni, Qurshi Abul Haggag and Hendawi Sayyed. The trial opened on 13 February 2010. Despite initially confessing to the police, they have pleaded not guilty to the charges of premeditated murder, putting lives of citizens at risk, and damaging property. The Supreme State Security Court adjourned the trial until 20 March 2010.<ref name='bbc-adj'>{{cite news | title=Egyptian Coptic murder trial opens and is adjourned | date=2010-02-14 | publisher=] | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/8514705.stm | accessdate = 2010-03-07 }}</ref> | ||
| ==Response== | |||
| ==Governmental Justification== | |||
| ⚫ | It was not until two weeks |
||
| ⚫ | In an attempt to justify the massacre, a number of Egyptian officials announced that the attack may have been "in revenge for the rape of a 12-year-old Muslim girl by a Christian man" in the nearby town of Farshout in November. This incident, which was never confirmed by any investigation, had led to five days of riots and attacks on ] businesses and properties in ].<ref name="BBC.Egypt"/> According to the Coptic American Friendship Association, eye-witnesses reported that the mobs were chanting ] and ] while destroying, looting and torching ] property in many recent attacks.<ref name="cafa">, Coptic American Friendship Association via Christian Newswire, Jan. 20, 2010</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | The |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| ==Egyptian Reaction== | |||
| ⚫ | It was not until two weeks after the massacre that President ] made his first remarks directly condemning what happened. He stated that "The criminal act in Nag Hammadi has made the hearts of Egyptians bleed, whether Copts or Muslims".<ref name="catastrophe"/> | ||
| ⚫ | The Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR) condemned the attack, stating that despite warnings by local church authorities of possible violence during the Coptic holiday, police had not bolstered security for Christmas.<ref name="catastrophe"/> | ||
| On 9 January 2010, hundreds of people in ] demonstrated, carrying placards condemning "the shocking silence of the authorities" and stating "We are All Copts". On the same day, Egyptian police arrested 20 people who demonstrated in the town of Bahgura against the Nag Hammadi massacre.<ref></ref> | |||
| On 15 January, 29 Egyptian human rights activists, bloggers, and members of political parties visited ] in order to show solidarity with the ] against the recent attacks on Coptic civilians. All 29 activists were arrested by Egyptian police while on their way to pay their condolences to the families of the six Coptic Christians shot and killed one week earlier. The group included prominent activists such as ], members of ], and members of the ]. The group included 8 women, one of whom was a ] citizen. The activists were detained and interrogated by the prosecutor the ]. A number of them was charged with demonstrating illegally, chanting slogans against the state, and causing disorder. Group members denied these allegations, stating that Egyptian police arrested them when they arrived at the train station, and that the group had not had time to engage in any activities.<ref></ref><ref></ref> | |||
| ==International Reaction== | |||
| ⚫ | The Nag Hammadi massacre gained widespread international attention, and was condemned by ]<ref>, (AFP) – Jan 10, 2010</ref>, ] MP ]<ref>http://www.nadimgemayel.com/newsInformation.asp?NewsId=180 النائب نديم الجميّل يتضامن مع أقباط مصر (Arabic)</ref><ref>http://www.lebanese-forces.com/web/MoreNews.aspx?newsid=72357&title=%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85 (Arabic)</ref>, ] foreign minister ]<ref name='frat'>{{cite web | title=Minister Frattini dismayed by the recent violence against the Coptic Christian community in Egypt | date=2010-01-07 | publisher=] | url=http://www.esteri.it/MAE/EN/Sala_Stampa/ArchivioNotizie/Comunicati/2010/01/20100107_Copti.htm?LANG=ENm | accessdate = 2010-03-07 }}</ref><ref>http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/4960336-7-people-killed-in-a-shooting-incident-in-southern-egypt</ref> <ref>http://freecopts.net/english/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1098&Itemid=9&widthstyle=w-wide</ref>, and ] foreign minister ]<ref>http://www.international.gc.ca/media/aff/news-communiques/2010/004-Egypt.aspx</ref><ref>http://vladtepesblog.com/?p=18520</ref>. | ||
| The actions of the Egyptian government in the aftermath of the crime were also strongly condemned by Sarah Leah Whitson, the ] director of ]. "The Egyptian authorities should be focusing on the causes of the tragic shooting of six Coptic Christians," she stated. "Instead, they’re arresting activists whose efforts to express their condolences is an important step toward healing sectarian fractures."<ref></ref><ref></ref> | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 19:54, 7 March 2010
Nag Hammadi Massacre was a massacre of Coptic Christians carried out on the eve of January 7th, 2010 in the Egyptian city of Nag Hammadi. The massacre occurred at the hands of Muslim gunmen in front of the Nag Hammadi cathedral, as Coptic Christians were leaving the church after celebrating the midnight Christmas mass according to the Coptic calendar. The massacre resulted in the murder of 6 Copts and 1 Muslim who happened to be a bystander. Ten other Copts were wounded in the attack.
The Nag Hammadi massacre gained widespread international attention, and was condemned by Pope Benedict XVI, Lebanese MP Nadim Gemayel, Italian foreign minister Franco Frattini , and Canadian foreign minister Lawrence Cannon. The attacks were one of the most serious outbreaks of anti-Christian violence in Egypt, and the worst since the murder of 21 Coptic Christians in Kosheh in January 2000.
Background
Coptic Christians are the direct descendants of the Ancient Egyptians. They form the largest religious minority in the Middle East, and represent between 15% and 20% of a population of over 80 million Egyptians though estimates vary (see Religion in Egypt). The Coptic community has been targeted by hate crimes and physical assaults, and has been facing varying degrees of discriminatory and restrictive government policies. Since the 1970s, when Islamic terrorism began to gain ground in Egypt, there have been many attacks on members of the Coptic Christian minority. Local authorities' handling of such cases is often criticized. Police are accused of delaying their response to reports of fighting and then simply arresting equal numbers of Muslims and Christians in order to create some sort of balance. Sometimes criminal investigations are dropped in favor of informal reconciliation meetings, and Coptic Christians continuously complain that attacks against them always go unpunished. The government protection is almost non existent for the Copts and the law is usually not enforced on the Muslim perpetrators. In addition, the extent of governmental discrimination against the Copts goes as far as the fact that they are not even allowed to fix a toilet in a church without direct approval from the president of the republic. Other forms of anti-Christian discrimination in Egypt include discrimination in hiring in the public sector and staff appointments to public universities, prohibition from studying at Al-Azhar University (a publicly funded institution with approximately half a million students), and barring from certain jobs such as Arabic language teachers.
Events
Bishop Kyrillos (Cyril), the Coptic Orthodox bishop of Nag Hammadi, had warned the Egyptian police that there have been threats in the days leading up to the Christmas Eve service. For this reason, he decided to end his mass one hour earlier than normal. He told the Associated Press that, for days, he had expected something to happen on Christmas Eve. He said he left the church minutes before the attack, and had to take the back door when a suspicious driving car swerved near him. Seconds later he heard the mayhem, lots of machine-gun shots.
As the Christian worshipers were leaving the Nag Hammadi Cathedral after the Christmas Eve service, a car pulled up and gunfire was sprayed into the crowd. As a result, six Copts all aged between 15 and 23 were killed. In addition, one Muslim bystander was also killed in the attack. Ten other Copts were wounded. The names of the victims were: Mina Helmy Said, Bishoy Farid Labib, Boula Atef Yassa, Ayman Zakaria Louka, Abanoub Kamal Nashed, and Rafik Refaat William.
Aftermath
On 8 January 2010, three men were arrested and charged with premeditated murder in association with the Nag Hammadi massacre." The names of the three accused men were Mohammed al-Kammuni, Qurshi Abul Haggag and Hendawi Sayyed. The trial opened on 13 February 2010. Despite initially confessing to the police, they have pleaded not guilty to the charges of premeditated murder, putting lives of citizens at risk, and damaging property. The Supreme State Security Court adjourned the trial until 20 March 2010.
Governmental Justification
In an attempt to justify the massacre, a number of Egyptian officials announced that the attack may have been "in revenge for the rape of a 12-year-old Muslim girl by a Christian man" in the nearby town of Farshout in November. This incident, which was never confirmed by any investigation, had led to five days of riots and attacks on Christian businesses and properties in Upper Egypt. According to the Coptic American Friendship Association, eye-witnesses reported that the mobs were chanting Allah Akbar and There is no God but Allah while destroying, looting and torching Coptic property in many recent attacks.
Egyptian Reaction
It was not until two weeks after the massacre that President Hosni Mubarak made his first remarks directly condemning what happened. He stated that "The criminal act in Nag Hammadi has made the hearts of Egyptians bleed, whether Copts or Muslims".
The Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR) condemned the attack, stating that despite warnings by local church authorities of possible violence during the Coptic holiday, police had not bolstered security for Christmas.
On 9 January 2010, hundreds of people in Cairo demonstrated, carrying placards condemning "the shocking silence of the authorities" and stating "We are All Copts". On the same day, Egyptian police arrested 20 people who demonstrated in the town of Bahgura against the Nag Hammadi massacre.
On 15 January, 29 Egyptian human rights activists, bloggers, and members of political parties visited Nag Hammadi in order to show solidarity with the Coptic community against the recent attacks on Coptic civilians. All 29 activists were arrested by Egyptian police while on their way to pay their condolences to the families of the six Coptic Christians shot and killed one week earlier. The group included prominent activists such as Wael Abbas, members of April 6 Youth Movement, and members of the Democratic Front Party. The group included 8 women, one of whom was a French citizen. The activists were detained and interrogated by the prosecutor the Qena Governorate. A number of them was charged with demonstrating illegally, chanting slogans against the state, and causing disorder. Group members denied these allegations, stating that Egyptian police arrested them when they arrived at the train station, and that the group had not had time to engage in any activities.
International Reaction
The Nag Hammadi massacre gained widespread international attention, and was condemned by Pope Benedict XVI, Lebanese MP Nadim Gemayel, Italian foreign minister Franco Frattini , and Canadian foreign minister Lawrence Cannon.
The actions of the Egyptian government in the aftermath of the crime were also strongly condemned by Sarah Leah Whitson, the Middle East director of Human Rights Watch. "The Egyptian authorities should be focusing on the causes of the tragic shooting of six Coptic Christians," she stated. "Instead, they’re arresting activists whose efforts to express their condolences is an important step toward healing sectarian fractures."
References
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8444851.stm
- http://arabist.net/archives/2010/01/08/the-nag-hammadi-massacre/
- http://www.copts.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1835&Itemid=2
- http://wyborcza.pl/1,76842,7431307,Morduja_chrzescijan_w_Egipcie.html
- Pope condemns murder of Coptic Christians in Egypt, (AFP) – Jan 10, 2010
- http://www.nadimgemayel.com/newsInformation.asp?NewsId=180 النائب نديم الجميّل يتضامن مع أقباط مصر (Arabic)
- http://www.lebanese-forces.com/web/MoreNews.aspx?newsid=72357&title=%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85 (Arabic)
- ^ "Minister Frattini dismayed by the recent violence against the Coptic Christian community in Egypt". Italian Foreign Ministry. 2010-01-07. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
- http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/4960336-7-people-killed-in-a-shooting-incident-in-southern-egypt
- http://freecopts.net/english/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1098&Itemid=9&widthstyle=w-wide
- http://www.international.gc.ca/media/aff/news-communiques/2010/004-Egypt.aspx
- http://vladtepesblog.com/?p=18520
- World Council of Churches
- http://www.worldmag.com/articles/15734
- http://www.wiscopts.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=81&Itemid=90
- http://www.copticmission.org/copticchurch
- http://www.coptic.org/language/georgy/common.htm
- Encyclopædia Britannica (1985)
- Macropædia (15th ed., Chicago)
- http://www.asharqalawsat.com/leader.asp?section=3&article=157751&issueno=8872 "Institut National Etudes Démographiques" - Research in population and demography of France estimates the coptic population to be
- "Egypt from "The World Factbook"". American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). September 4, 2008.
- ""The Copts and Their Political Implications in Egypt"". Washington Institute for Near East Policy. October 25, 2005.
- IPS News (retrieved 09-27-2008)
- . The Washington Post. "Estimates of the size of Egypt's Christian population vary from the low government figures of 6 to 7 million to the 12 million reported by some Christian leaders. The actual numbers may be in the 9 to 9.5 million range, out of an Egyptian population of more than 60 million." Retrieved 10-10-2008
- Ibrahim, Youssef M. "Muslims' Fury Falls on Egypt's Christians". The New York Times, March 15, 1993. Retrieved 10-10-2008.
- Chan, Kenneth. Thousands Protest Egypt's Neglect of Coptic Persecution". The Christian Post. December 7, 2004. Accessed 28 September, 2008.
- NLG Solutions <Online>. Egypt. Accessed 28 September, 2008.
- "Egypt from "U.S. Department of State/Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs"". United States Department of State. September 30, 2008.
- "Egypt from "Foreign and Commonwealth Office"". Foreign and Commonwealth Office -UK Ministry of Foreign Affairs. August 15, 2008.
- "Egypt Religions & Peoples from "LOOKLEX Encyclopedia"". LookLex Ltd. September 30, 2008.
- "Egypt from "msn encarta"". Encarta. September 30, 2008. Archived from the original on 2009-10-31.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/copticchristians.htm
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8478397.stm
- International Freedom of Expression eXchange
- ^ "Egypt's anxious Copts 'await next catastrophe'". BBC News. 2010-01-25. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
- http://www.christiannewswire.com/index.php?module=releases&task=view&releaseID=12778
- International Freedom of Expression eXchange
- ^ Christians Gunned Down After Christmas Service in Egypt - White House Prayer Vigil January 21 Followed by a Peaceful Rally, Coptic American Friendship Association via Christian Newswire, Jan. 20, 2010
- http://www.britishorthodox.org/113d.php
- http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/egypt/copt.htm
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8445838.stm
- ^ "Egypt Copts killed in Christmas church attack". BBC News. 2010-01-07. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
- Egypt arrests Nag Hammadi shooters, Gregg Carlstrom | January 8, 2010
- Nag Hammadi Massacre Fundraising Appeal, UK Copts, 15 January 2010
- http://wyborcza.pl/1,76842,7431307,Morduja_chrzescijan_w_Egipcie.html (polish language)
- Diocese to Commemorate Nag Hammadi Martyrs, February 9, 2010
- "Egyptian Coptic murder trial opens and is adjourned". BBC News. 2010-02-14. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
- International Freedom of Expression eXchange
- International Freedom of Expression eXchange
- Human Rights Watch
- Pope condemns murder of Coptic Christians in Egypt, (AFP) – Jan 10, 2010
- http://www.nadimgemayel.com/newsInformation.asp?NewsId=180 النائب نديم الجميّل يتضامن مع أقباط مصر (Arabic)
- http://www.lebanese-forces.com/web/MoreNews.aspx?newsid=72357&title=%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85 (Arabic)
- http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/4960336-7-people-killed-in-a-shooting-incident-in-southern-egypt
- http://freecopts.net/english/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1098&Itemid=9&widthstyle=w-wide
- http://www.international.gc.ca/media/aff/news-communiques/2010/004-Egypt.aspx
- http://vladtepesblog.com/?p=18520
- Human Rights Watch
- International Freedom of Expression eXchange