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'''Ebrauc''' is the suggested name for a ] kingdom of ], based on the city of ]. This city was called by the ] name of ''Caer Ebrauc'' in ]’s ]. It is derived from the ] name, ]. In modern ] it is still called ''Efrog''. | |||
{{merge|York}} | |||
'''Ebrauc''' or ''Caer Ebrauc'' is the ] name for the modern city of ]. In modern ] it is called ''Efrog''. It is believed that Ebrauc was originally a ] settlement before it was annexed to the ] (c.71AD) and renamed by them ]. | |||
At the end of Roman rule the city briefly flourished as the capital of an independent realm |
At the end of Roman rule, some historians think the city may have briefly flourished as the capital of an independent realm, split off from a great ‘Kingdom of the North’, perhaps in c.]. The area known to the British as ], meaning ‘waters’ (perhaps referring to its coastal location), may have been part of this Yorkist kingdom. It is better known as the later ] kingdom of ]. | ||
Welsh poetry of this period indicates that the native Britons of what the ] were to call "the old north" or '']'' were disastrously fractious and were far happier to fight amongst themselves than to confront their common foes. If the historical Northern king, Peredur ab Eliffer, ruled in York (see ]), then independence for this kingdom was not to last long. | |||
In 573 |
In ], this Peredur, and his brother, Gwrgi, went to war with the armies of a Northern king called ] and were victorious at the ] (modern Arthuret in ], now ]). The original of the ] wizard, ], is supposed to have been one of the few survivors. This was a ] for these Northern princes for, according to the ], they were killed only seven years later when their weakened forces moved against the ] of ]. However, the Angles of ] who subsequently took over the region. | ||
⚫ | British control of Ebrauc was briefly restored under King ] of ] who seized the area and the city after the ] in October ] during which his rival, ] was killed. Three years later, Cadwallon was ejected by ] at the ] and Anglian control was restored. | ||
This was a ] for Peredur and his brother Gwrgi as only seven years later when his weakened forces moved against the ] of ] (formerly called ]) they were defeated and he and his brother were killed. | |||
⚫ | ==References== | ||
Panic spread as the pagan Angles ravaged the leaderless kingdom and attacked the city of ''Caer Ebrauc''. After what by all accounts was an heroic last battle the new king was able to escape into exile and the city fell. Once Ebrauc had been captured the territory of Deifr became an ] kingdom renamed ]. | |||
*Bromwich, Rachel (1978) ‘Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Welsh Triads ’’ | |||
*Guest, Lady Charlotte (1849) ‘’The Mabinogion’’ | |||
*Ingram, James (ed.) (1912), ‘’The Annales Cambriae’’ | |||
*Morris, John (1973) ‘’The Age of Arthur’’ | |||
==External Links== | |||
⚫ | British control of Ebrauc was briefly restored under |
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* | |||
* | |||
] is named as one of the kings of this realm and scholars identify him with the of ] fame. | |||
== Kings of Ebrauc == | |||
* Einion ap Mor c.470 - c.505 | |||
* Eliffer ''Gosgorddfawr'' ap Einion c.505 - c.560 | |||
* Peredur ''Arueu Dur'' ap Eliffer c.560 - 580 | |||
* Gwrgi ap Eliffer c.560 - 580 | |||
* Gwrgant ''Gwron'' ap Peredur 580 - c.581 | |||
== Restoration == | |||
* Cadwallon ap Cafan 632 - 635 | |||
⚫ | ==References== | ||
* The Annales Cambrae, James Ingram Edition, 1912 | |||
* David Nash Ford "Early British Kingdoms" | |||
* Kessler Web | |||
* Red4.co.uk | |||
] | ] | ||
] |
Revision as of 17:13, 1 May 2006
Ebrauc is the suggested name for a Brythonic kingdom of sub-Roman Britain, based on the city of York. This city was called by the Cumbric name of Caer Ebrauc in Nennius’s Historia Britonum. It is derived from the Roman name, Eboracum. In modern Welsh it is still called Efrog.
At the end of Roman rule, some historians think the city may have briefly flourished as the capital of an independent realm, split off from a great ‘Kingdom of the North’, perhaps in c.470. The area known to the British as Deifr, meaning ‘waters’ (perhaps referring to its coastal location), may have been part of this Yorkist kingdom. It is better known as the later Anglian kingdom of Deira.
Welsh poetry of this period indicates that the native Britons of what the bards were to call "the old north" or Y Gogledd Hen were disastrously fractious and were far happier to fight amongst themselves than to confront their common foes. If the historical Northern king, Peredur ab Eliffer, ruled in York (see Peredur), then independence for this kingdom was not to last long.
In 573, this Peredur, and his brother, Gwrgi, went to war with the armies of a Northern king called Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio and were victorious at the Battle of Arfderydd (modern Arthuret in Cumberland, now Cumbria). The original of the Arthurian wizard, Merlin, is supposed to have been one of the few survivors. This was a pyrrhic victory for these Northern princes for, according to the Annales Cambriae, they were killed only seven years later when their weakened forces moved against the Angles of Bernicia. However, the Angles of Deira who subsequently took over the region.
British control of Ebrauc was briefly restored under King Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd who seized the area and the city after the Battle of Hatfield Chase in October 632 during which his rival, Edwin of Northumbria was killed. Three years later, Cadwallon was ejected by Oswald of Bernicia at the Battle of Heavenfield and Anglian control was restored.
References
- Bromwich, Rachel (1978) ‘Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Welsh Triads ’’
- Guest, Lady Charlotte (1849) ‘’The Mabinogion’’
- Ingram, James (ed.) (1912), ‘’The Annales Cambriae’’
- Morris, John (1973) ‘’The Age of Arthur’’