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| <ref>{{cite journal|last=Lober|first=G.|coauthors=Hoffmann, H.|title=Ambazone as a membrane active antitumor drug|journal=Biophysical chemistry|year=1990|issue=35}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Lober|first=G|coauthors=Hoffmann, H.|title=Ambazone as a membrane active antitumor drug|journal=Biophysical chemistry|year=1990|issue=35|pages=287-300}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Chemical Book|url=. http://www.chemicalbook.com/ProductChemicalPropertiesCB7875395_|accessdate=27 october 2011}}</ref>{{chembox | |||
| {{chembox | |||
| | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | ||
| | UNII = BYK4592A3Q | | UNII = BYK4592A3Q | ||
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| | Formula=C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>11</sub>N<sub>7</sub>S | | Formula=C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>11</sub>N<sub>7</sub>S | ||
| | MolarMass= 237.28 g/mol | | MolarMass= 237.28 g/mol | ||
| | Appearance= | | Appearance= Dark Brown Powder | ||
| | Density= | | Density= | ||
| | MeltingPt= | | MeltingPt= | ||
| | BoilingPt= | | BoilingPt= | ||
| | Solubility= | | Solubility=0.2 mg/100 ml water | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| |Section3= {{Chembox Hazards | |Section3= {{Chembox Hazards | ||
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| '''Ambazone''' is an oral ] 1,4-Benzoquinone guanylhydrazone thiosemicarbazone, better known as Ambazone (C8H11N7S) has a molecular mass of 255.32 g/mol. Molecular weight may vary due to the discovery of a loosely bound water molecule. | |||
| '''Ambazone''' is an oral ]. | |||
| ==Applications== | ==Applications== | ||
| ] action on ], ] and ]. | ] action on ], ] and ]. | ||
| ==Physical Properties== | |||
| :Through experimental testing Ambazone has shown antiseptic properties, along with anti-tumor properties12. Ambazone is has the following physical characteristics12 | |||
| • Dark Brown | |||
| • Odorless | |||
| • Tasteless | |||
| • Powder | |||
| • Melting Point Range 192-194 oC | |||
| The chemical properties of Ambazone have been shown in ways such as; TLC, UV-Vis, N NMR, C NMR and Mass Spectrometry41. The chemical properties for solubility and absorbance can be seen in the tables below1 | |||
| Table 1. Solubility of Ambazone in various solutions | |||
| Solubility per 100 ml | |||
| Water 0.2 mg | |||
| Methanol 0.5 mg | |||
| Chloroform 0.3 mg | |||
| 1-Butanol 6.5 mg | |||
| Ethyl Acetate 17 mg | |||
| Acetone 50 mg | |||
| Ethanol 85 mg | |||
| Di-methyl Formamide 1.7 g | |||
| Sulfoxide 2.5 g | |||
| Table 2. Absorbance of light in various solutions | |||
| UV-Vis nm | |||
| Water 403 | |||
| Alcohols 440-445 | |||
| Ethyl Acetate 453 | |||
| Di-Methyl Sulfoxide 467 | |||
| Ambazone is prepared by way of solid based crystallization or grinding4. | |||
| ==Mode of Action== | |||
| :The mode of action for Ambazone has been studied extensively and Ambazone has been shown to react via different methods. Ambazone shows low mutagenic activity and no cardiovascular, CNS, metabolic, or gastrointestinal side-effects with I.V. doses up to 10-5 mol/kg and oral doses up to 10-3 mol/kg1. As stated before Ambazone can be administered via oral or I.V. administration, but the problem with oral administration is that one experimental study shows there is only a 35-50% absorption while another study shows 40% in the intestines13; These results would tend to lead the reader to think that Ambazone would not be the best choice for treatment, because with such a low absorbance, there is going to have to be a greater concentration ingested to gain a positive effect from the drug. The problem with a greater concentration is that Ambazone has a half-life of 6-7 hours3. It was stated above that Ambazone possess no CNS side-effects and the reason we know this is, due to the fact, that it will not cross the blood brain barrier 3. Although this is the body’s way of protecting unwanted substances from attacking the brain, this also limits the treatment of brain tumors with Ambazone. | |||
| ====Theraputic Uses== | |||
| :The therapeutic properties of Ambazone were studied in lab rats and the therapeutic dose was determined to be 60-125 mg/kg of body weight1. As stated above, Ambazone possesses anti-septic properties shown by its increased activity against gram-positive cocci2. Along with anti-septic properties, Ambazone has also shown its ability to fight forms of leukemia in lab rats6. When administered orally the results showed prolongation of life expectancy and curing of L1210 and P388 leukemia in lab rats6. Scientist used different methods to determine the results, such as; mean survival time (MST), percent increase of life span, survival rates, percent change in body weights and number of peritoneal cells6. The results gathered show tremendous strides towards leukemia treatment. Although we can see positive results, one might wonder, “Are there side effects?” The results show different answers depending on the test performed. When testing Ambazone via AMES with no metabolic activation we find there are no mutagenic or carcinogenic properties5. When the same test is performed with metabolic activation or when the C-Test is performed we do see the potential for mutagenicity6. The results show two different paths and until further testing has been performed we cannot determine if the good outweighs the bad when it comes to using Ambazone for treatment. | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
| {{organic-compound-stub}} | {{organic-compound-stub}} | ||
Revision as of 20:02, 9 December 2011
 | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name iminothiourea | |
| Other names 2--2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-Hydrazinecarbothioamide; (4-Oxo-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylideneamino)guanidine thiosemicarbazone; 1,4-Benzoquinone amidinohydrazone thiosemicarbazone; Ambazon; Anginon; Benzoquinone guanylhydrazone thiosemicarbazone; Faringosept; Guanothiazon; Inversal; Inversal; Ivertol; N-Guanidino-N'-thioureido-p-benzoquinonediimide; Primal; p-Benzoquinone amidinohydrazone thiosemicarbazone;Faringosept (TN); Ambazone (INN); OAMBAZONE; Ambazonum ; Ambazona ; Ambazone ; CCRIS 1926; MLS001240207 | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.007.922 
|
| EC Number |
|
| KEGG | |
| PubChem CID | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
InChI
| |
SMILES
| |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C8H11N7S |
| Molar mass | 237.28 g/mol |
| Appearance | Dark Brown Powder |
| Solubility in water | 0.2 mg/100 ml water |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
 Y verify (what is ?)
Infobox references
| |
Ambazone is an oral antiseptic 1,4-Benzoquinone guanylhydrazone thiosemicarbazone, better known as Ambazone (C8H11N7S) has a molecular mass of 255.32 g/mol. Molecular weight may vary due to the discovery of a loosely bound water molecule.
Applications
Bacteriostatic action on hemolytic streptococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae and viridans streptococcus.
Physical Properties
- Through experimental testing Ambazone has shown antiseptic properties, along with anti-tumor properties12. Ambazone is has the following physical characteristics12
• Dark Brown • Odorless • Tasteless • Powder • Melting Point Range 192-194 oC The chemical properties of Ambazone have been shown in ways such as; TLC, UV-Vis, N NMR, C NMR and Mass Spectrometry41. The chemical properties for solubility and absorbance can be seen in the tables below1
Table 1. Solubility of Ambazone in various solutions Solubility per 100 ml
Water 0.2 mg
Methanol 0.5 mg Chloroform 0.3 mg 1-Butanol 6.5 mg Ethyl Acetate 17 mg Acetone 50 mg Ethanol 85 mg Di-methyl Formamide 1.7 g Sulfoxide 2.5 g
Table 2. Absorbance of light in various solutions
UV-Vis nm
Water 403
Alcohols 440-445
Ethyl Acetate 453
Di-Methyl Sulfoxide 467
Ambazone is prepared by way of solid based crystallization or grinding4.
Mode of Action
- The mode of action for Ambazone has been studied extensively and Ambazone has been shown to react via different methods. Ambazone shows low mutagenic activity and no cardiovascular, CNS, metabolic, or gastrointestinal side-effects with I.V. doses up to 10-5 mol/kg and oral doses up to 10-3 mol/kg1. As stated before Ambazone can be administered via oral or I.V. administration, but the problem with oral administration is that one experimental study shows there is only a 35-50% absorption while another study shows 40% in the intestines13; These results would tend to lead the reader to think that Ambazone would not be the best choice for treatment, because with such a low absorbance, there is going to have to be a greater concentration ingested to gain a positive effect from the drug. The problem with a greater concentration is that Ambazone has a half-life of 6-7 hours3. It was stated above that Ambazone possess no CNS side-effects and the reason we know this is, due to the fact, that it will not cross the blood brain barrier 3. Although this is the body’s way of protecting unwanted substances from attacking the brain, this also limits the treatment of brain tumors with Ambazone.
==Theraputic Uses
- The therapeutic properties of Ambazone were studied in lab rats and the therapeutic dose was determined to be 60-125 mg/kg of body weight1. As stated above, Ambazone possesses anti-septic properties shown by its increased activity against gram-positive cocci2. Along with anti-septic properties, Ambazone has also shown its ability to fight forms of leukemia in lab rats6. When administered orally the results showed prolongation of life expectancy and curing of L1210 and P388 leukemia in lab rats6. Scientist used different methods to determine the results, such as; mean survival time (MST), percent increase of life span, survival rates, percent change in body weights and number of peritoneal cells6. The results gathered show tremendous strides towards leukemia treatment. Although we can see positive results, one might wonder, “Are there side effects?” The results show different answers depending on the test performed. When testing Ambazone via AMES with no metabolic activation we find there are no mutagenic or carcinogenic properties5. When the same test is performed with metabolic activation or when the C-Test is performed we do see the potential for mutagenicity6. The results show two different paths and until further testing has been performed we cannot determine if the good outweighs the bad when it comes to using Ambazone for treatment.
References
- Lober, G. (1990). "Ambazone as a membrane active antitumor drug". Biophysical chemistry (35).
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Lober, G (1990). "Ambazone as a membrane active antitumor drug". Biophysical chemistry (35): 287–300.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - . Retrieved 27 october 2011.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help); Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - Ambazone
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| Throat preparations (R02) | |
|---|---|
| Antiseptics | |
| Antibiotics | |
| Local anesthetics | |
| Other | |