| Revision as of 19:19, 21 March 2006 editHybridlily (talk | contribs)129 edits more are coming← Previous edit | Revision as of 19:54, 21 March 2006 edit undoAldux (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users27,291 edits I believe I added the word "independent"Next edit → | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
| Adana was probably founded in 63 BC by the ] statesman ]. For several centuries thereafter it was a way station on a Roman military road leading to the East. The city declined in importance after the fall of the Roman Empire in AD] but was rebuilt in the 8th century by ], ] of ]. The city was captured by ] in 1219. After ], the city was held by ], then by ] until it was held by ] | Adana was probably founded in 63 BC by the ] statesman ]. For several centuries thereafter it was a way station on a Roman military road leading to the East. The city declined in importance after the fall of the Roman Empire in AD] but was rebuilt in the 8th century by ], ] of ]. The city was captured by ] in 1219. After ], the city was held by ], then by ] until it was held by ] | ||
| In 1909 it was the scene of what has become known as the ]. When news of a mutiny in ] started arriving in Adana, rumours started to circulate among the overheated Muslim population of an imminent Armenian insurrection. By April 14 the Armenian quarter was attacked by the mob, and many thousand Armenians were killed<ref>Mantran, Robert (editor); ''Histoire de l'empire ottoman'' (1989), ch. 14.</ref> | |||
| In 1909 it was the scene of what has become known as the ]. | |||
| After WWI, Ottoman government gave the control of the city to allied forces. The city was mostly controlled by France forces until ], ]. | After WWI, Ottoman government gave the control of the city to allied forces. The city was mostly controlled by France forces until ], ]. | ||
| By the aid of France forces, some Armenian groups started to kill Turkic-muslim citizens of the city. | |||
| == Places to visit == | == Places to visit == | ||
Revision as of 19:54, 21 March 2006
Adana is the fifth largest (14.030 km2) city in Turkey and the capital of Adana Province. It has a population of 1,130,710 (2000).
One of the large towns of Turkey, about nineteen miles from the sea, Adana derives its importance from its situation as the gateway to the Cilician plain (also called the Adana or Çukurova plain), that great flat stretch of fertile land, possibly the most productive in this part of the world, the east side of the Taurus Mountains. In Adana all the houses are flat-topped and the roofs serve as the bedrooms for the inhabitants during the hot summers. Adana was more important for its agriculture while Tarsus was the metropolis of the area. Several types of fruit are native to this area, the apricot being an example.
From Adana, crossing the Cilician plain going west, the road from Tarsus enters the foothills of the Taurus Mountains. With every foot of ascent the coolness increases, reaching an altitude of nearly 4000 feet. Then through the famous Cilician Gates, that rocky pass through which armies have coursed since history's dawn, and the caravan has arrived on the Anatolian plain.
Adana is the marketing and distribution center for an agricultural region in which cotton, wheat, barley, grapes, citrus fruits, olives, and tobacco are produced. The chief industries in the city are textile manufacturing, tanning, and the processing of wool and various foods. It is also famous for its kebab and turnip juice.
History
Located on the right bank of the Seyhan River in the Cilician plain, Adana was a caravan stop, river crossing, and frontier outpost protecting Asia Minor from incursions from Syria. (Tarsus was closer to the Cilician Gate.)
Its name derives from the 16th century BC Hittite polity Adaniya of Kizzuwatna. In Hellenistic times, it was known as Antiochia in Cilicia (Αντιόχεια της Κιλικίας) or Antiochia ad Sarum (Αντιόχεια η προς Σάρο).
The history of Adana is mixed with that of Tarsus; they seem often to be the same city, moving as the river changed position and the name changing over time. Adana was of little importance in ancient history; Tarsus, Ayas/Issus (today Yumurtalik), and Kozan (formerly Sis) have usually been the major population and administrative centers, especially during the Kingdom of Lesser Armenia.
Adana was first settled by the Hittites during the Egyptian eighteenth dynasty. It is the location of Antiochia in Cilicia – also known as Antiochia ad Sarum ("Antiochia on the Sarus") – of Hellenistic foundation in the region then known as Cilicia Campestris.
Adana was probably founded in 63 BC by the Roman statesman Pompey the Great. For several centuries thereafter it was a way station on a Roman military road leading to the East. The city declined in importance after the fall of the Roman Empire in AD476 but was rebuilt in the 8th century by Harun al-Rashid, caliph of Baghdad. The city was captured by Karamanid in 1219. After Karamanid, the city was held by Ramazanoğulları, then by Mamluk until it was held by Ottoman Empire
In 1909 it was the scene of what has become known as the Adana massacre. When news of a mutiny in Istanbul started arriving in Adana, rumours started to circulate among the overheated Muslim population of an imminent Armenian insurrection. By April 14 the Armenian quarter was attacked by the mob, and many thousand Armenians were killed
After WWI, Ottoman government gave the control of the city to allied forces. The city was mostly controlled by France forces until February 5, 1921.
Places to visit
Local points of interest include a great stone bridge, built in part during the reign (6th century) of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I, and the ruins of a castle dating from 782. Stone Bridge is the oldest bridge in the world, which is still being used.
Historical Cronhology
- B.C. 1900 Luvi Kingdom
- B.C. 1500 Arzava Kingdom
- B.C. 1500 Kizvatna Kingdom
- B.C. 1530 Hititian
- B.C. 1200 Kue Kingdom
- B.C. 713-663 Asurian
- B.C. 663-612 Cilicia Kingdom
- B.C. 621-333 Persian
- B.C. 333-323 Macedonian Kingdom
- B.C. 312-133 Selocid Kingdom
- B.C. 178-12 Pirate of Cilicia
- B.C. 12- İS 395 Roman Empire
- 395-651 Byzantium Empire
- 651 Islamic Kingdom of Cilicia
- 786-809 Control of Harun-ür Reşid
- 960- 956 Nikeforos Fokas
- 1080-1353 Armenian Kingdom
- 1219 Karamanid Kingdom
- 1353-1517 Ramazanoğulları
- 1517-1918 Ottoman Empire
- 1918 Alias Forces
- 1921 Republic of Turkey
Names of the City
- Adanos
- Ta Adana
- Uru Adaniya
- Erdene
- Edene
- Ezene
- Batana
- Atana
- Azana
- Adana
Buildings and monuments
- Stone Bridge
- Seyhan Dam
- Adana Ulu Camii
- New Mosque
- Butter mosque
- Adana Ataturk museum
- Eski Camii
- Clock Tower
- Adana Museum
- Adana Etnography Museum
- Adana Archeological Museum
- Adana Atatürk Museum
- Misis Mosaic Museum
Historical Sites and Ruins
- Yumurtalık Ruins - Yumurtalık
- Anavarza Ruins - Kazan/Dilekkaya
- Şar Ruins - Tufanbeyli/Şar
- Mağarsus Ruins - Karataş
- Karatepe - Aslantaş (Domuztepe-Pınarözü) - Kadirli/Düziçi
Festivals
- Karakucak Wrestling Festival - Kadirli (25-26 May)
- Altın Koza (Golden Cocoon) Film Festival - Provincial Center (14-25 September)
- İmamoğlu Peach Festival - İmamoğlu (In June)
- Kızıldağ Karakucak Wrestling Festival - Karaisalı
- Cherry Festival - Saimbeyli (20-22 June)
Education
- Cukurova University - Çukurova Üniversitesi
- Cag University - Çağ Üniversitesi
Transportation
Airport
See also
Football Teams
Famous people from Adana
References
- Classical Gazetteer, page 37
- Mantran, Robert (editor); Histoire de l'empire ottoman (1989), ch. 14.
External links
- Governor's Office
- Encyclopaedia of Turkey Adana article
- Pictures of Adana
- Pictures of the city
- Official web site of the city
- Adana Weather Forecast Information
- Adana Guide and Photo Album