East Asia: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 13:04, 28 May 2013 editKanguole (talk \| contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Rollbackers39,431 editsm merge repeated refs← Previous edit		Revision as of 13:51, 28 May 2013 edit undoKanguole (talk \| contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Rollbackers39,431 edits cite for UN regions; use UN names; drop unreferenced additional mapNext edit →
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	== Uses of the term East Asia ==		== Uses of the term East Asia ==
	] as defined by the ]:		] as defined by the ] (except for Northern Asia):<ref name="UN regions">{{cite web \| title = Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings \| publisher = United Nations Statistics Division \| date = 11 February 2013 \| url = http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm \| accessdate = 28 May 2013 }}</ref>
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	The UN subregion of Eastern Asia and other common definitions~~<ref name=encarta-east-asia/>~~ of East Asia contain the entirety of the ],<ref name=EBeasia>http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/176529/East-Asian-arts/74261/Chinese-visual-arts, ], saying: "''The present political boundaries of China, which include Tibet, Inner Mongolia, Sinkiang, and the northeastern provinces formerly called Manchuria, embrace a far larger area of East Asia than will be discussed here....''" {{dead link\|date=May 2012}}</ref> ], ], ], ]~~<ref name=encarta-east-asia/>~~ and ].<ref name="ROC" group=note>] (officially the Republic of China) has limited recognition internationally as a ] state while most democratic countries keeps quasi-official relations with her, see ].</ref>		The UN subregion of Eastern Asia and other common definitions of East Asia contain the entirety of the ], ], ], ], ] and ].<ref name="ROC" group=note>] (officially the Republic of China) has limited recognition internationally as a ] state while most democratic countries keeps quasi-official relations with her, see ].</ref><ref name="UN regions"/><ref name=encarta-east-asia/>

	Culturally, ], ], ], ], and ] are commonly seen as being encompassed by '''cultural East Asia'''.<ref name=easia-columbia/><ref>R. Keith Schopper's ''''</ref><ref>Joshua A. Fogel (UC Santa Barbara/University of Indiana) ''''</ref><ref>United Nations Environment Programme (mentions sinosphere countries) ''Approaches to Solution of Eutrophication'' </ref>		Culturally, ], ], ], ], and ] are commonly seen as being encompassed by '''cultural East Asia'''.<ref name=easia-columbia/><ref>R. Keith Schopper's ''''</ref><ref>Joshua A. Fogel (UC Santa Barbara/University of Indiana) ''''</ref><ref>United Nations Environment Programme (mentions sinosphere countries) ''Approaches to Solution of Eutrophication'' </ref>
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	* ] (officially part of ] geographically, although culturally it is part of the ], politically, it is related to both ] and ])		* ] (officially part of ] geographically, although culturally it is part of the ], politically, it is related to both ] and ])
	* ] in ]~~<ref name=encarta-east-asia/>~~ (often described as ] due to its location, although this part of Russia is often seen as more closely related to its East Asian neighbours)		* ] in ] (often described as ] due to its location, although this part of Russia is often seen as more closely related to its East Asian neighbours)

	In business and economics, ''East Asia'' has been used to refer to a wide geographical area covering ten countries in ], ], ], ], and ]<ref name="ROC" group=note/>. However, in this context, the term "Far East" is often more appropriate which covers ] countries and the traditional countries in East Asia. ] describes the region's geographical position in relation to ] rather than its location within Asia. Alternatively, the term "]" is often used in describing the Far East region as well as ].		In business and economics, ''East Asia'' has been used to refer to a wide geographical area covering ten countries in ], ], ], ], and ]<ref name="ROC" group=note/>. However, in this context, the term "Far East" is often more appropriate which covers ] countries and the traditional countries in East Asia. ] describes the region's geographical position in relation to ] rather than its location within Asia. Alternatively, the term "]" is often used in describing the Far East region as well as ].

Revision as of 13:51, 28 May 2013

For other uses, see East Asia (disambiguation).

East Asia

Area	11,839,074 km (4,571,092 sq mi)
Population	1,575,784,500
Density	134/km (350/sq mi)
Countries and territories	China Hong Kong Macau Japan North Korea South Korea Mongolia Taiwan
Languages and language families	Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Mongolian, and many others
Nominal GDP (2011)	$ 14.878 Trillion
GDP per capita (2011)	$ 9,409
Time zones	UTC +7:00 (Western Mongolia) to UTC +9:00 (Japan and Korean Peninsula)
Capital cities	Beijing Tokyo Pyongyang Seoul Ulaanbaatar Taipei
Other major cities	Busan Guangzhou Hong Kong Incheon Kaohsiung Macau Nagoya New Taipei Osaka Shanghai Taichung Tianjin Yokohama (see list)

Template:Contains Chinese text Template:Contains Japanese text Template:Contains Korean text

East Asia

Chinese name

Traditional Chinese

東亞/東亞細亞

Simplified Chinese

东亚/东亚细亚

Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Dōngyà or Dōng Yàxìyà
Wade–Giles	Tung-ya
Wu
Romanization	ton ia
Gan
Romanization	Tung1 nga3
Hakka
Romanization	dung a
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutping	dung1 aa3
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ	Tang-a

Vietnamese name

Vietnamese alphabet

Đông Á

Korean name

Hangul

동아시아/동아세아/동아

Hanja

東아시아/東亞細亞/東亞

Transcriptions
Revised Romanization	Dong Asia/Dong Asea/Dong A

Mongolian name

Mongolian Cyrillic

Зүүн Ази
ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠽᠢ

Japanese name

Kanji

東亜細亜（東アジア）/東亜

Kana

ひがしアジア/とうあ

Kyūjitai

東亞細亞/東亞

Transcriptions
Revised Hepburn	Higashi Ajia/Tō-A
Kunrei-shiki	Higasi Azia/Tou-A

Russian name

Russian

Восточная Азия

Romanization

Vostochnaja Azija

East Asia or Eastern Asia (the latter form preferred solely by the United Nations) is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms. Geographically and geopolitically, it covers about 12,000,000 km (4,600,000 sq mi), or about 28% of the Asian continent, about 15% bigger than the area of Europe.

More than 1.5 billion people, about 38% of the population of Asia and 22% or over one fifth of all the people in the world, live in East Asia. The region is one of the world's most populated places, with a population density of 133 inhabitants per square kilometre (340/sq mi), being about three times the world average of 45/km (120/sq mi), although Mongolia has the lowest population density of a sovereign state. Using the UN subregion definitions, it ranks second in population only to Southern Asia.

Historically, many societies in East Asia have been part of the Chinese cultural sphere, and East Asian vocabulary and scripts are often derived from Classical Chinese and Chinese script. Sometimes Northeast Asia is used to denote Japan and Korea. Major religions include Buddhism (mostly Mahayana), Confucianism or Neo-Confucianism, Taoism, Chinese folk religion in China, Shinto in Japan, Taoism in Taiwan, Shamanism in Korea, Mongolia and other indigenous populations of northern East Asia, and recently Christianity in South Korea. The Chinese Calendar is the root from which many other East Asian calendars are derived.

History

Main article: History of East Asia

The history of East Asia is predominantly the Chinese Dynasties that dominated in trade as well as military, such as the Qin and the Han Dynasties. There are records of tributes sent overseas from the early kingdoms of Korea and Japan. There were also a consideration level of cultural and religion exchange between the Chinese and other regional Dynasties and Kingdoms.

As connections began to strengthen with the Western world, Chinese power began to diminish. Japan took the opportunity to begin conquering colonies. At the time of WWII, North Korea, South Korea, Taiwan and the Northeastern part of China were all under Japanese control. It was not until the end of WWII when Korea and Taiwan had a chance to free from Japan.

Uses of the term East Asia

Regions of Asia as defined by the UN (except for Northern Asia): Northern Asia Central Asia Western Asia Southern Asia Eastern Asia South-Eastern Asia

The UN subregion of Eastern Asia and other common definitions of East Asia contain the entirety of the People's Republic of China, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia and Taiwan.

Culturally, China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam are commonly seen as being encompassed by cultural East Asia.

Alternative definitions

There are mixed debates around the world whether these countries or regions should be considered in East Asia or not.

Vietnam (officially part of Southeast Asia geographically, although culturally it is part of the Chinese cultural sphere, politically, it is related to both Southeast Asia and People's Republic of China)
Siberia in Russia (often described as North Asia due to its location, although this part of Russia is often seen as more closely related to its East Asian neighbours)

In business and economics, East Asia has been used to refer to a wide geographical area covering ten countries in ASEAN, People's Republic of China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. However, in this context, the term "Far East" is often more appropriate which covers ASEAN countries and the traditional countries in East Asia. Far East describes the region's geographical position in relation to Europe rather than its location within Asia. Alternatively, the term "Asia Pacific Region" is often used in describing the Far East region as well as Oceania.

In contrast to the United Nations definition, East Asia commonly is used to refer to the eastern part of Asia, as the term implies. Observers preferring a broader definition of 'East Asia' often use the term Northeast Asia to refer to the greater China area, the Korean Peninsula, Taiwan, and Japan, with Southeast Asia covering the ten ASEAN countries. This usage, which is increasingly widespread in economic and diplomatic discussion, is at odds with the historical meanings of both "East Asia" and "Northeast Asia". The Council on Foreign Relations defines Northeast Asia as Japan and Korea.

Territory and region data

Demographics

Country	Area km²	Population	Population density per km²	HDI (2011)	Capital
China (PRC)	9,596,961	1,339,724,852	138	0.687	Beijing
Hong Kong (PRC)	1,104	7,061,200	6,390	0.898	Hong Kong
Japan	377,930	127,950,000	337	0.901	Tokyo
Macau (PRC)	30	556,800	18,662	No Data	Macau
Mongolia	1,564,100	2,809,600	2	0.653	Ulaanbaatar
North Korea	120,538	24,346,000	198	No Data	Pyongyang
South Korea	100,210	48,988,833	500	0.897	Seoul
Taiwan	36,188	23,174,528	639	0.882	Taipei

Economy

Main article: Economy of East Asia

Country	GDP nominal millions of USD (2011)	GDP nominal per capita USD (2011)	GDP PPP millions of USD (2011)	GDP PPP per capita USD (2011)
China (PRC)	7,298,147	5,414	11,299,967	8,382
Hong Kong (PRC)	243,302	34,049	351,119	49,300
Japan	5,869,471	45,920	4,440,376	34,740
Macau (PRC)	44,300	77,353	47,190	82,400
Mongolia	8,506	3,042	13,264	4,744
North Korea	27,820	1,159	40,000	1,800
South Korea	1,116,247	22,778	1,554,149	31,714
Taiwan	466,832	20,101	876,035	37,720

Cities

Main article: Cities of East Asia

Tokyo is the largest city in the world, both in metropolitan population and economy.
Seoul is the capital and largest city of South Korea (ROK), and is a leading global technology hub.
Kaohsiung is the second largest city in Taiwan. Kaohsiung Harbor is one of the largest harbors in the world.
Shanghai is the largest city in China and one of the largest in the world, and is the leading commercial and financial center of mainland China.
Taipei is the capital of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and is one of the world's leading technical centres in Asia, and is the location of the Taipei 101. Night View of Taipei
Hong Kong, enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, is one of the world's leading global financial centres and is known for its cosmopolitan lifestyle.

Pass of the ISS over Mongolia, looking out west towards the Pacific Ocean, China, and Japan. As the video progresses, you can see major cities along the coast and the Japanese islands on the Philippine Sea. The island of Guam can be seen further down the pass into the Philippine Sea, and the pass ends just to the east of New Zealand. A lightning storm can be seen as light pulses near the end of the video.

Notes

The area figure is based on the combined areas of China (including Hong Kong, Macau, Aksai Chin, and Trans-Karakoram Tract), Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam as listed at List of countries and outlying territories by total area.
The population figure is the combined populations of China (Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau), Japan , North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan as listed at List of countries by population (last updated Feb 22, 2011).
^ Taiwan (officially the Republic of China) has limited recognition internationally as a sovereign state while most democratic countries keeps quasi-official relations with her, see Political status of Taiwan.

References

^ "East Asia". encarta. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 2009-10-31. Retrieved 2008-01-12. East A·sia the countries, territories, and regions of China, Mongolia, Hong Kong, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Macau, and Taiwan. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Columbia University - "East Asian cultural sphere" "The East Asian cultural sphere evolves when Japan, Korea, and what is today Vietnam all share adapted elements of Chinese civilization of this period (that of the Tang dynasty), in particular Buddhism, Confucian social and political values, and literary Chinese and its writing system."
^ "Northeast Asia." Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved on August 10, 2009.
Chongho Kim, "Korean Shamanism", 2003 Ashgate Publishing
Andreas Anangguru Yewangoe, "Theologia crucis in Asia", 1987 Rodopi
"Background Note: South Korea". State. U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2000-04-27. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
^ "Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings". United Nations Statistics Division. 11 February 2013. Retrieved 28 May 2013.
R. Keith Schopper's East Asia: Identities and Change in the Modern World
Joshua A. Fogel (UC Santa Barbara/University of Indiana) Nationalism, the Rise of the Vernacular, and the Conceptualization of Modernization in East Asian Comparative Perspective
United Nations Environment Programme (mentions sinosphere countries) Approaches to Solution of Eutrophication
Christopher M. Dent (2008). East Asian regionalism. London: Routledge. pp. 1–8.
Charles Harvie, Fukunari Kimura, and Hyun-Hoon Lee (2005), New East Asian regionalism. Cheltenham and Northamton: Edward Elgar, pp.3-6.
Peter J. Katzenstein and Takashi Shiraishi (2006), Beyond Japan: the dynamics of East Asian regionalism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, pp.1-33
CIA World Factbook

External links

High resolution map of East Asian region

Earth's primary regions and subregions

Africa	Mediterranean Saharan Northern Maghreb Mashriq Middle East Middle East and North Africa Sub-Saharan Central East Horn Great Lakes Southern Western
Antarctica	East Antarctica Antarctic Plateau Transantarctic Mountains West Antarctica Antarctic Peninsula
Asia	Asia–Pacific Central Aral Sea Aralkum Desert Caspian Sea Eastern Inner Asia Greater Central Asia Northeastern Far East Pacific Asia Russian Far East Northern Siberia Ural Southeastern Mainland Maritime Southern Himalayan states Indian subcontinent Subregions Western Arabian Peninsula Caucasus South Caucasus Greater Iran Iranian plateau Levant Dead Sea Levantine Sea Middle East Mashriq Middle East and North Africa Near East
Europe	Central Eastern Balkans Caucasus North Caucasus South Caucasus Southern Russia European Russia Southeastern Northern Baltic British Isles Nordic Northwestern Scandinavia Scandinavian Peninsula Southern Mediterranean Middle East Italy Italian Peninsula South-eastern Balkan Peninsula South-western Iberian Peninsula Western Atlantic Low Countries Northwestern Celtic Germanic Romance Slavic
North America	Aridoamerica Caribbean Central Mesoamerica Middle Northern Appalachia Bible Belt East Coast Great Lakes Mid-Atlantic Midwest Mountain states New England Northeastern United States Pacific Northwest Southern United States Southwest West Coast West South Central United States Western United States Atlantic Canada Canadian Prairies Central Canada Eastern Canada Northern Canada Western Canada Northern Mexico West Indies Anglo French Latin Ibero Hispanic Portuguese Latin America and the Caribbean
Oceania	Australasia Australia Mainland Australia New Guinea Tasmania Zealandia Melanesia Island Melanesia Micronesia Near Oceania Polynesia Remote Oceania
South America	Amazon Plain Amazon Basin Amazon Rainforest Andean States Brazilian Highlands Caribbean South America The Guianas Latin America and the Caribbean Southern Cone Patagonia

Islands

By continent	Africa America North America Caribbean Central America South America Antarctica Asia Europe by area by population Oceania Australia New Zealand
By ocean	Arctic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Baltic Sea Black Sea Caribbean Sea Irish Sea Mediterranean Sea Adriatic Sea Aegean Sea Ionian Sea Indian Ocean Persian Gulf Pacific Ocean East China Sea South China Sea Southern Ocean