| Revision as of 16:57, 29 July 2013 edit76.226.39.1 (talk) →Usage by JewsTag: Visual edit← Previous edit |
Revision as of 13:00, 29 August 2013 edit undo62.25.106.209 (talk) ←Replaced content with '{{Other uses}} {{Merge |Alleluia|discuss=Talk:Hallelujah|date=January 2013}} '''Hallelujah''' is a copy of the words Allah hu Akbar which means god is the ...'Tag: blankingNext edit → |
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{{Merge |Alleluia|discuss=Talk:Hallelujah|date=January 2013}} |
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{{Merge |Alleluia|discuss=Talk:Hallelujah|date=January 2013}} |
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'''Hallelujah''' is a copy of the words Allah hu Akbar which means god is the greatest. The word is an atribute of the one and only god who is the creator of all beings and the heavens & earth. |
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'''Hallelujah''' is a transliteration of the ] word {{lang|he|הַלְּלוּיָהּ}} (] ''halleluya'', ] ''halləlûyāh''), which is composed of two elements: {{lang|he|הַלְּלוּ}} (second-person imperative masculine plural form of the Hebrew verb ''hallal'': an exhortation to "praise" addressed to several people<ref name="Kelley169">Page H. Kelley, ''], an Introductory Grammar,'' page 169. Ethics & Public Policy Center, 1959. ISBN 978-0-8028-0598-0.</ref>) and {{lang|he|יָהּ}} (]).<ref name=EBHallelujah>, ''Encyclopædia Britannica''</ref><ref>Brown-Driver-Briggs (Hebrew and English Lexicon, page 238)</ref><ref>page 403, note on line 1 of Psalm 113, {{Cite book | publisher = W. W. Norton & Company | isbn = 978-0-393-06226-7 | last = Alter | first = Robert | title = The Book of Psalms: A Translation with Commentary | date = 2007013485 }}</ref> |
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Most well-known English versions of the ] translate the Hebrew "Hallelujah" (as at {{bibleverse||Psalm|150:1}}) as two Hebrew words, generally rendered as "Praise (ye)" + "the {{LORD}}", but the second word is given as "Yah" in the ] and ], "Jehovah" in the ], and "Hashem" in the ]. Instead of a translation, the transliteration "Hallelujah" is used by ], ], ], ], ], and ], with the spelling "Halleluyah" appearing in the ]. The Greek-influenced form "Alleluia" appears in ], the ] and the ]. |
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In the great song of praise to God for his triumph over the ]<ref name=Woods/> in chapter 19 of the ] ], the Greek word ἀλληλούϊα (''allēluia''), a transliteration of the same Hebrew word, appears four times, as an expression of praise rather than an exhortation to praise.<ref name=Mercer></ref> In English translations this is mostly rendered as "Hallelujah",<ref>Variants of "Hallelujah" in this context are "Hallelujah (praise the Lord)" in the ] and "Halleluyah" in ]</ref> but as "Alleluia" in several translations,<ref>] and its recent revisions, the 21st Century King James Version and the New King James Version, the Douay-Rheims Bible, the Knox Version, the New Jerusalem Bible, the Phillips New Testament, Wycliffe's Bible, and Young's Literal Translation.</ref> while a few have "Praise the Lord",<ref>Contemporary English Version, New Living Translation (LORD)</ref> "Praise God",<ref>Good News Translation</ref> "Praise our God",<ref>Worldwide English (New Testament)</ref> or "Thanks to our God".<ref>New Life Version</ref> |
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''הַלְּלוּיָהּ'' is found 24 times in the book of ], and the Greek transliteration "ἀλληλούϊα" appears in the ] version of these Psalms, in {{bibleverse||Tobit|13:17|NRSV}} and {{bibleverse|3|Maccabees|7:13|NRSV}} and 4 times in {{bibleverse||Revelation|19}}.<ref name=Mercer/> The word is used in ] as part of the ] prayers, and in Christian prayer,<ref name=Woods>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Woods|first=F. H. |authorlink= |editor=] |encyclopedia=] |title=Hallelujah |url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/hastings/dictv2/Page_287.html |accessdate= |year=1902 |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons <!-- |volume=2 (Feign-Kinsman) --> |location=New York |page=287 }}</ref> where since the earliest times<ref name=Mercer/> it is used in various ways in ],<ref name=alter>{{Cite book | publisher = W. W. Norton & Company | isbn = 978-0-393-06226-7 | last = Alter | first = Robert | title = The Book of Psalms: A Translation with Commentary | date = 2007 }}</ref> especially those of the ] and the ],<ref></ref> both of which use the form "alleluia". |
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== In the Bible == |
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The term is used 24 times in the ] (mainly in the book of ], e.g. {{bibleverse-nb||Psalms|111–117|HE}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Psalms|145–150|HE}}, where it starts and concludes a number of Psalms) and four times in ] transliteration in the Christian ].<ref name=Woods/> |
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In the ] ''hallelujah'' is actually a two-word phrase, not one word. The first part, ''hallelu,'' is the second-person imperative masculine plural form of the Hebrew verb ''hallal.''<ref name="Kelley169"/> However, "hallelujah" means more than simply "praise Yah", as the word ''hallel'' in Hebrew means a joyous praise in song, to boast in God. ''Hallel'' could also refer to someone who acts madly or foolishly.<ref>George Fohrer. ''Hebrew and Aramaic Dictionary of the Old Testament,'' under הלל. Walter de Gruyter, 1973. ISBN 978-3-11-004572-7.</ref><ref>Joseph Samuel C.F. Frey, ''A Hebrew, Latin, and English dictionary'', 1815, </ref> |
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The second part, ], is a shortened form of ], the name for the Creator.<ref name=Woods/> The name ceased to be pronounced in ], by the 3rd century BC due to religious beliefs.<ref>] Understanding the Bible: a reader's introduction, 2nd ed. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985. page 21.</ref> The correct pronunciation is not known, however, it is sometimes rendered by Christians as "]" or "]". The ] translates Yah as Kyrios (the {{LORD}}), because of the Jewish custom of replacing the sacred name with "]", meaning "the Lord". |
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In {{bibleverse||Psalm|150:6|HE}} the Hebrew reads ''kol han'shamah t'hallel yah;''<ref>All quotes from the Hebrew are taken from '']'', EDITIO FUNDITUS RENOVATA, cooperantibus H. P. Ruger et J. Ziegler ediderunt K. Elliger et W. Rudolph, Textum Masoreticum curavit H. P. Ruger MASORAM ELABORAVIT G. E. WEIL, Editio quinta emendata opera A. Schenker, Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft.</ref> It appears in the Hebrew Bible as הללו-יה and הללו יה. In {{bibleverse||Psalm|148:1|HE}} the Hebrew says "הללו יה ''hallelu yah".'' It then says ''"hallelu eth-YHWH"'' as if using ''"yah"'' and "YHWH" interchangeably. The word ''"Yah"'' appears by itself as a divine name in poetry about 49 times in the Hebrew Bible (including ''hallelu yah''), such as in {{bibleverse||Psalm|68:4–5|HE}} "who rides upon the deserts by his name ''Yah"'' and {{bibleverse||Exodus|15:2|HE}} ''"Yah'' is my strength and song". It also often appears at the end of Israelite ]s such as ] ''"yeshayah(u),'' Yahweh is salvation" and ] ''"yirmeyah(u),'' Yahweh is exalted".<ref name=Woods/> |
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The word ''hallelujah'' occurring in the Psalms is therefore a request for a congregation to join in praise toward God. It can be translated as "Praise Yah" or "Praise Jah, you people",<ref name=EBHallelujah/><ref name="wt hallelujah"> - ''watchtower.org.'' Retrieved 17 April 2012.</ref><ref name=alter/> |
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The Greek ], ἀλληλούϊα (''allēlouia'') appears in {{bibleverse||Revelation|19:1-6}}, the great song of praise to God for his triumph over the ].<ref name=Woods/> |
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== Usage by Jews == |
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The word "hallelujah" is sung as part of the Hallel Psalms (interspersed between Psalms 113-150).<ref>David E. Garland, ''Psalms'', Volume 5 of ''The Expositor's Bible Commentary'', page 62.</ref> |
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== Usage by Christians == |
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For most ], "Hallelujah" is considered a joyful word of ] to God, rather than an injunction to praise him. "'''The ]'''" refers to a traditional chant, combining the word with verses from the Psalms or other scripture. In the ] of the ], and in many older ] denominations, the Alleluia, along with the ], is not spoken or sung in liturgy during the season of ], instead being replaced by a ], while in ], Alleluia is chanted throughout Lent at the beginning of the ] service, replacing the ], which is considered more joyful. At the Easter service and throughout the ], ] is used in the place where Hallelujah is chanted in the ]. |
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In ] among many Protestants, expressions of "Hallelujah" and "Praise the Lord" are acceptable spontaneous expressions of joy, thanksgiving and praise towards God, requiring no specific prompting or call or direction from those leading times of praise and singing.<ref>, '']'', July 12, 1981</ref> |
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== Usage in informal language == |
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In modern English, "Hallelujah" is frequently spoken to express happiness that a thing hoped or waited for has happened.<ref> definition in ] Dictionary</ref> When used in this way, the word does not necessarily indicate religious belief or intentions on the part of the speaker. |
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== See also == |
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{{wiktionary}} |
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* ], similar Arabic phrase used by ]s and by Arabic-speaking ] and ] |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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