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| |image = ]<div><small>1<sup>st</sup> row: ] • ] • ]<br>2<sup>nd</sup> row: ] • ] • ]<br>3<sup>rd</sup> row: ] • ] • ]</small></div> | |image = ]<div><small>1<sup>st</sup> row: ] • ] • ]<br>2<sup>nd</sup> row: ] • ] • ]<br>3<sup>rd</sup> row: ] • ] • ]</small></div> | ||
| |population = 248,605 (by country of birth, 2006); 2.2% of Australia's population (by ancestry, 2006)<ref name="censusdata.abs.gov.au"></ref> | |population = 248,605 (by country of birth, 2006); 2.2% of Australia's population (by ancestry, 2006)<ref name="censusdata.abs.gov.au"></ref> | ||
| |popplace = All capital cities; <br/> predominantly ] |
|popplace = All capital cities; <br/> predominantly ]{{·}}]{{·}}] | ||
| |langs = ]{{·}}]{{·}}]{{·}}]{{·}}]{{·}}]{{·}}]{{·}}]{{·}}]{{·}}]{{·}}]{{·}}]{{·}}]{{·}}other ] | |langs = ]{{·}}]{{·}}]{{·}}]{{·}}]{{·}}]{{·}}]{{·}}]{{·}}]{{·}}]{{·}}]{{·}}]{{·}}]{{·}}other ] | ||
| |rels = predominantly ], ] | |rels = predominantly ], ] | ||
| |related = other ]<!-- Per Template:Infobox ethnic group, this parameter is reserved for "list of other ethnic groups related to the group"; cited e.g. Tajiks => Other Iranian people --> | |related = other ]<!-- Per Template:Infobox ethnic group, this parameter is reserved for "list of other ethnic groups related to the group"; cited e.g. Tajiks => Other Iranian people --> | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''African Australians''', also known as '''African immigrants to Australia''', are Australian citizens and residents born in, or with recent ancestors from ].<ref name="AHRCAA">{{cite web|title=African Australians: A Report on Human Rights and Social Inclusion Issues|url=https://www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/content/africanaus/AFA_2009.pdf|publisher=Australian Human Rights Commission|accessdate=23 November 2013|quote=It is a common misconception that people from African backgrounds are one and the same. While the strong African spirit and pride certainly unifies, people from African backgrounds represent tremendous diversity in ethnicity, race, language, culture and religion. After all, the African continent comprises more than 50 countries. The impression of homogeneity is only one of many misconceptions about African Australians.}}</ref><ref name=" |
'''African Australians''', also known as '''African immigrants to Australia''', are Australian citizens and residents born in, or with recent ancestors from ].<ref name="AHRCAA">{{cite web|title=African Australians: A Report on Human Rights and Social Inclusion Issues|url=https://www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/content/africanaus/AFA_2009.pdf|publisher=Australian Human Rights Commission|accessdate=23 November 2013|quote=It is a common misconception that people from African backgrounds are one and the same. While the strong African spirit and pride certainly unifies, people from African backgrounds represent tremendous diversity in ethnicity, race, language, culture and religion. After all, the African continent comprises more than 50 countries. The impression of homogeneity is only one of many misconceptions about African Australians.}}</ref><ref name="Jsotaaarohrasis">{{cite web|title=Joint Submission on the Australian Human Rights Commission Discussion Paper: African Australians: A report on human rights and social inclusion issues|url=http://www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/content/africanaus/submissions/Sub088.PIAC_and_STRTTSurvivorsB.pdf|publisher=NSW Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors (STARTTS) with the Public Interest Advocacy Centre (PIAC)|accessdate=24 November 2013}}</ref> Large-scale immigration from Africa to ] is only a recent phenomenon, with ] and ] traditionally being the largest sources of migration to Australia. In 2005-06, permanent settler arrivals to Australia included 4,000 ] and 3,800 ], constituting the sixth and seventh largest sources of migrants, respectively.<ref></ref> | ||
| African Australians are of diverse cultural, linguistic, racial, religious, educational, and employment backgrounds.<ref name = 2007Conference>{{cite web|url = http://www.att.org.au/documents/African%20Resettlement%20Report.pdf|format = pdf (6.2MB 76 pages)|title = African resettlement in Australia: Conference report |publisher = African Think Tank Inc.| month = April | year = 2007| accessdate = 2008-06-26| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080719123938/http://www.att.org.au/documents/African%20Resettlement%20Report.pdf| archivedate= 19 July 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> The Australian Bureau of Statistics classifies all residents into cultural and ethnic groups according to geographical origin, including the many ] migrants from ] in the Sub-Saharan region.<ref name="Ascceg">{{cite web|title=Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG), 2011|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/1249.02011|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|accessdate=1 November 2013}}</ref> | African Australians are of diverse cultural, linguistic, racial, religious, educational, and employment backgrounds.<ref name = 2007Conference>{{cite web|url = http://www.att.org.au/documents/African%20Resettlement%20Report.pdf|format = pdf (6.2MB 76 pages)|title = African resettlement in Australia: Conference report |publisher = African Think Tank Inc.| month = April | year = 2007| accessdate = 2008-06-26| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080719123938/http://www.att.org.au/documents/African%20Resettlement%20Report.pdf| archivedate= 19 July 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> The Australian Bureau of Statistics classifies all residents into cultural and ethnic groups according to geographical origin, including the many ] migrants from ] in the Sub-Saharan region.<ref name="Ascceg">{{cite web|title=Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG), 2011|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/1249.02011|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|accessdate=1 November 2013}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 15:39, 24 November 2013
Ethnic group 1 row: Anton Enus • Kofi Danning • Timomatic2 row: Waleed Aly • Liz Cambage • Dean Geyer 3 row: Janine Murray • J. M. Coetzee • Harry O'Brien | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 248,605 (by country of birth, 2006); 2.2% of Australia's population (by ancestry, 2006) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| All capital cities; predominantly Melbourne · Sydney · [Perth, Western Australia | |
| Languages | |
| English · Afrikaans · Akan · Arabic · Dinka · Ewe · Igbo · Mauritian Creole · Ndebele · Shona · Swahili · Tigrinya · Yoruba · other languages of Africa | |
| Religion | |
| predominantly Christianity, Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| other African people |
African Australians, also known as African immigrants to Australia, are Australian citizens and residents born in, or with recent ancestors from Africa. Large-scale immigration from Africa to Australia is only a recent phenomenon, with Europe and Asia traditionally being the largest sources of migration to Australia. In 2005-06, permanent settler arrivals to Australia included 4,000 South Africans and 3,800 Sudanese, constituting the sixth and seventh largest sources of migrants, respectively.
African Australians are of diverse cultural, linguistic, racial, religious, educational, and employment backgrounds. The Australian Bureau of Statistics classifies all residents into cultural and ethnic groups according to geographical origin, including the many Afrikaner migrants from Southern Africa in the Sub-Saharan region.
African migrants may have come to Australia as skilled migrants, refugees, through family reunion, or as secondary migrants from other countries.
History
People from Africa, including those of Black African heritage, are known to have arrived in Australia with the First Fleet. Migrants from Mauritius have been arriving in Australia since before federation in 1901. They came as convicts, prospectors who sought Victoria's goldfields, or skilled sugar workers who significantly helped to develop Queensland's sugar industry.
The Special Commonwealth African Assistance Plan allowed students from West African countries, mostly from Ghana and Nigeria, to come to Australia the mid-1960s. More than 70 per cent of these students remained in Australia following military coup d'états in their countries of birth.
Ultimately, however, immigration from Africa to Australia generally remained limited until the 1990s.
Demographics
Migration streams
The largest source of African immigrants in Australia come from South Africa and are largely of Afrikaner and British descent. Many migrants born in Zimbabwe left the country after major land reforms started in the 1980s by the Robert Mugabe government. Two thirds arrived after 2001, following economic uncertainty in their country of birth. Of the Zimbabwe-born migrants who moved to Australia, the largest proportion are of English (30.6%) ancestry, with some individuals of Scottish (7.3%) background present as well. More recent migration from Zimbabwe has included increasing numbers of Bantu people of Shona and Ndebele ethnicities.
Other immigrants from Africa arrived via humanitarian programs. In the 2011-2012 fiscal year, these individuals were mainly from Burundi (44/79), Congo (143/158), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (370/454), Eritrea (244/294), Malawi (57/71), Rwanda (44/62), and Tanzania (40/67).
Additionally, other immigrants from Africa arrived through a family migration stream. In the 2011-2012 fiscal year, these individuals were primarily from Ethiopia (412/802), Ghana (152/202), Guinea (33/62), Liberia (82/129), Sierra Leone (106/140), Somalia (164/420), Sudan (313/513), and Uganda (37/67).
A significant number of African migrants have come to Australia through a skill migration stream. In the 2011-2012 fiscal year, these individuals were chiefly from Egypt (417/773), Kenya (188/415), Mauritius (228/303), Nigeria (126/250), South Africa (4,239/6,307), Zambia (35/115), and Zimbabwe (467/848).
Some African immigrants have also arrived via a secondary migration from New Zealand, where they are citizens. In the 2011-2012 fiscal year, these New Zealand nationals were mainly originally from Libya (31/76).
Across Australia's major cities, immigration from Africa is varied depending on country of origin. While Egyptian, Nigerian, and Ghanaian migrants overwhelmingly head for Sydney, Mauritian and Sudanese migrant communities are largest in Melbourne.
As of 2013, the Australian Special Broadcasting Service broadcasts in six new languages spoken by the growing migrant and refugee communities from Africa and Asia. Among these are Dinka of South Sudan, Swahili of Tanzania and the African Great Lakes region, and Tigrinya of Eritrea and Ethiopia.
Countries of birth
In the 2006 Australian Census, 248,605 residents declared that they were born in Africa.
| Country | Population | Main city and proportion who live there |
|---|---|---|
| South Africa | 104,128 | Sydney (27.3%) |
| Egypt | 33,497 | Sydney (48.5%) |
| Zimbabwe | 20,157 | Perth (24.7%) |
| Sudan | 19,049 | Melbourne (31.0%) |
| Mauritius | 18,175 | Melbourne (48.6%) |
| Kenya | 9,940 | Perth (26.9%) |
| Ethiopia | 5,633 | Melbourne (53.9%) |
| Somalia | 4,316 | Melbourne (60.1%) |
| Zambia | 4,082 | Perth (30.7%) |
| Ghana | 2,771 | Sydney (51.0%) |
Notable African Australians
3See also
- African immigration to Europe
- Egyptian Australian
- Ethiopian Australian
- Ghanaian Australian
- Kenyan Australian
- Nigerian Australian
- South African Australian
- Sudanese Australian
- Zimbabwean Australian
Notes
- ^ 20680-Country of Birth of Person (full classification list) by Sex - Australia (2006)
- "African Australians: A Report on Human Rights and Social Inclusion Issues" (PDF). Australian Human Rights Commission. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
It is a common misconception that people from African backgrounds are one and the same. While the strong African spirit and pride certainly unifies, people from African backgrounds represent tremendous diversity in ethnicity, race, language, culture and religion. After all, the African continent comprises more than 50 countries. The impression of homogeneity is only one of many misconceptions about African Australians.
- "Joint Submission on the Australian Human Rights Commission Discussion Paper: African Australians: A report on human rights and social inclusion issues" (PDF). NSW Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors (STARTTS) with the Public Interest Advocacy Centre (PIAC). Retrieved 24 November 2013.
- Australian Year Book 2008
- "African resettlement in Australia: Conference report" (PDF). African Think Tank Inc. 2007. Archived from the original (pdf (6.2MB 76 pages)) on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - "Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG), 2011". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
- ^ "Settler Arrival Data: Selected Countries of Birth by Migration Stream for the Financial Year 2011–12". Department of Immigration and Border Protection. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
- "THE FIRST FLEET, BOTANY BAY AND THE BRITISH PENAL COLONY". NSW Government.
- "A Multicultural First Fleet". University of Wollongong. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
- http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/comm-summ/_pdf/mauritius.pdf
- "Community Information Summary: Ghana-born" (PDF). Department of Immigration & Citizenship.
- "Zimbabwe" (PDF). Department of Immigration and Citizenship. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
- http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/comm-summ/_pdf/egypt.pdf
- http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/comm-summ/_pdf/nigeria.pdf
- http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/comm-summ/_pdf/ghana.pdf
- http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/comm-summ/_pdf/mauritius.pdf
- http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/comm-summ/_pdf/sudan.pdf
- http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2012/12/01/sbs-unveils-new-radio-schedule
External links
- AfricanOz - Africa Australia Online Resource
- Africa to Australia - Videos and articles documenting the African migrant and refugee experience within Australia.
- Sudanese Stories - An oral history project recording the migration journeys and settlement experiences of southern Sudanese refugees now living in Blacktown, Western Sydney.
| Emigration from Africa | |
|---|---|
| Americas | |
| Europe | |
| Asia | |
| Oceania | |
| African diaspora | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geography |
| ||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary Afro-American diaspora |
| ||||||||||||||||||
| Related topics | |||||||||||||||||||
| Ancestry of Australians | ||
|---|---|---|
| Ancestral background of Australian citizens | ||
| Indigenous |  | |
| Africa | ||
| Americas | ||
| Asia | ||
| Europe |
| |
| Middle East and North Africa | ||
| Oceania | ||
| according to Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census, 2012–2013 and Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016 | ||