List of mass executions and massacres in Yugoslavia during World War II: Difference between revisions

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	The ]'s largest ]s were carried out in ] and in places in Croatia where ] constituted a large proportion of the population including ], ], ], and northern ]. ] massacres of the ] population took place in eastern ] which had been "relatively untouched" by the Ustaše until the spring of 1942. According to ~~Anglo-Croatian~~ historian Dr. ], these massacres were not acts of revenge, but "an expression of the genocidal policy and ideology of the Chetnik movement."{{sfn\|Hoare\|2006\|p=143}} Professor David MacDonald wrote, in his ''Balkan Holocausts?: Serbian and Croatian Victim Centered Propaganda and the War in Yugoslavia'', that it is "highly misleading to suggest that Četniks throughout the war collaborated with the Germans and Italians to carry out genocide of Croats and Muslems."<ref>{{cite book\|last=Macdonald\|first=David Bruce\|authorlink=David Bruce Macdonald\|title=Balkan Holocausts?: Serbian and Croatian Victim Centered Propaganda and the War in Yugoslavia\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kBjrJyen4FEC&pg=PA134\|year=2002\|publisher=Manchester University Press\|isbn=978-0-7190-6467-8\|page=142}}</ref> The BBC offers a middle ground between the extreme Hoare position and the generalized MacDonald position, to wit, that the original nucleus of the Chetniks were ethnic Serb Yugoslav troops who had evaded Axis capture during the invasion, and then fled to the hills of Bosnia, Montenegro, and Serbia. Mihailovic established his first stronghold in the mountainous Ravna Gora area of western Serbia. Chetnik numbers were soon swelled by Serb peasants who had fled from Greater Croatia - non-Serbs were not allowed to join Chetnik bands. Many of these participants sought simply to defend their local village from the terrible brutalities of the Ustaše. The latter were so brutal that they even drew protests from the Germans - not on humanitarian grounds, but because Ustaše ethnic cleansing was fueling resistance movements. The Chetniks were never a homogenous ideological movement, and many sub-groups paid no more than lip-service to Mihailovic's leadership. Some groups were implacably anti-German, whereas others saw the emerging rival resistance movement, that of the Partisans, as the greater threat. The elements the Chetniks shared were loyalty to the old Royalist regime and an understandable desire to ensure the survival of the Serb people from what seemed to be the genocidal intent of the Croats and Germans, plus the hostility of Muslims (both Croatian and Serbian) and Communists. To achieve this goal, Chetniks strove to forge an ethnically-pure Greater Serbia by violently "cleansing" these areas of Croats and Muslims. On the other hand, Chetniks were often reluctant to attack Axis targets, as this usually provoked brutal and exponential retaliation against local Serb populations. Mihailovic also needed to conserve his forces for a general uprising to coincide with the envisaged Allied rescue.<ref>, bbc.co.uk (archived); accessed 18 November 2015.</ref> The ] also perpetrated massacres, notably at ] in September 1941~~, as did the Albanian ''Waffen-SS'' units, which murdered more than 400 ] civilians at ]~~.{{sfn\|Hoare\|2006\|pp=106–108}}		The ]'s largest ]s were carried out in ] and in places in Croatia where ] constituted a large proportion of the population including ], ], ], and northern ]. ] massacres of the ] population took place in eastern ] which had been "relatively untouched" by the Ustaše until the spring of 1942. According to the historian Dr. ], these massacres were not acts of revenge, but "an expression of the genocidal policy and ideology of the Chetnik movement."{{sfn\|Hoare\|2006\|p=143}} The ] also perpetrated massacres, notably at ] in September 1941.{{sfn\|Hoare\|2006\|pp=106–108}}

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	\|Serb massacre by Ustaše at Čitluk and Strigova.<ref>{{Cite book\|ref=harv\|last=Самарџија\|first=Душан Д.\|title=Босанскодубичко подручје у НОР-у и социјалистичкој револуцији 1941-1945\|year=1984\|location=Босанска Дубица\|pages=102-103}}</ref>		\|Serb massacre by Ustaše at Čitluk and Strigova.<ref>{{Cite book\|ref=harv\|last=Самарџија\|first=Душан Д.\|title=Босанскодубичко подручје у НОР-у и социјалистичкој револуцији 1941-1945\|year=1984\|location=Босанска Дубица\|id=\|pages=102-103}}</ref>
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Revision as of 22:21, 18 November 2015

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (May 2011)

The following is a list of 20th century massacres and executions that occurred in Yugoslavia (numbers may be approximate) during World War II and the 1990s wars of independence. Areas once part of Yugoslavia that are now parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Macedonia, and Montenegro; see the lists of massacres in those countries for more details.

World War II

class=notpageimage| Map of areas where massacres were committed by Chetniks (red), by the Ustaše (blue), by both Chetniks and the Ustaše (purple), by the Wehrmacht (black), and by the Partisans (orange). Larger marker sizes indicate larger massacres.

The Ustaše's largest genocidal massacres were carried out in Bosanska Krajina and in places in Croatia where Serbs constituted a large proportion of the population including Banija, Kordun, Lika, and northern Dalmatia. Chetnik massacres of the Bosniak population took place in eastern Bosnia which had been "relatively untouched" by the Ustaše until the spring of 1942. According to the historian Dr. Marko Attila Hoare, these massacres were not acts of revenge, but "an expression of the genocidal policy and ideology of the Chetnik movement." The Partisans also perpetrated massacres, notably at Kulen Vakuf in September 1941.

Name	Date	Location	Deaths	Perpetrator	Description
Pančevo executions	21–22 April 1941	Pančevo	36	Wehrmacht	Wehrmacht and Volksdeutsche executed 36 Serbs.
Gudovac massacre	28 April 1941	Gudovac, near Bjelovar	184–196	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše at Gudovac.
Kosinj massacre	30 April 1941	Kosinj, Lika	600	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše at Kosinj.
Blagaj massacre	April–May 1941	Blagaj	250	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše at Blagaj.
Veljun massacre	9 May 1941	Veljun, Kordun	400	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše at Veljun.
Glina massacre	11–12 May 1941	Glina	260–300	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše at Glina.
Nevesinje massacre	late May–June 1941	Nevesinje	173	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše at Nevesinje.
Ljubinje massacre	early June 1941	Ljubinje, Herzegovina	140	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše at Ljubinje.
Bileća massacre	June 1941	Bileća, Herzegovina	600	Serb villagers	Muslim massacre by Bosnian Serbs at Bileća.
Korita massacre	3 June 1941	Korita	133–180	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše at Korita; corpses thrown into the Koritska Jama pit.
Knin massacre	15 June 1941	Knin	60	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše at Knin.
Metković massacre	25 June 1941	Metković	280	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše after decree on the defense of the people and state is issued by the Independent State of Croatia on 17 April 1941.
Čelebić massacre (1941)	July 1941	Čelebić	104	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše at Čelebić.
Grabovac massacre	24–25 July 1941	Grabovac, near Petrinja	1,200	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše at Grabovac.
Ličko Petrovo Selo massacre	27 July 1941	Ličko Petrovo Selo	313	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše at Ličko Petrovo Selo.
Višegrad massacre (1941)	July–August 1941	Višegrad	500	Serb villagers	Muslim massacre by Bosnian Serb villagers at Višegrad and environs.
Prebilovci massacre	4–6 August 1941	Prebilovci	650	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše at Prebilovci.
Glina massacre (July 1941)	5 August 1941	Glina	1,200–2,000	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše at Glina.
Bosanska Dubica massacre	20–21 August 1941	Bosanska Dubica	c. 300	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše at Bosanska Dubica.
Čitluk and Strigova massacres	22 August 1941	Čitluk and Strigova	26	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše at Čitluk and Strigova.
Novoselci massacre	Early August 1941	Novoselci	31	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše at Novoselci.
Zaklopača massacre	August 1941	Srebrenica	81	Chetniks	Muslim massacre by Chetniks under the command of Jezdimir Dangić; a group of Muslims barricaded in a local mekteb (Muslim religious school) at Zaklopača which was then set alight.
Otecac massacre	1941	Otecac	331	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše at Otecac.
Kulen Vakuf massacre	5–8 September 1941	Kulen Vakuf	1,600+	Partisan Drvar Brigade	Muslim massacre by Partisans and local peasants at Kulen Vakuf.
Jošan massacre	1941	Jošan	338	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše at Jošan.
Javor massacre	1941	Javor	100+	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše at Javor, near Srebrenica and Ozren.
Kraljevo massacre	mid-October 1941	Kraljevo	1,755	Wehrmacht	The Wehrmacht murdered almost 1,800 civilians in reprisal shootings
Kragujevac massacre	20–21 October 1941	Kragujevac	2,778	Wehrmacht	Several thousand civilians murdered by Wehrmacht in reprisal shootings
Goražde massacre	29 November 1941	Goražde	300+	Chetniks	Muslim massacre by Chetnik forces; corpses left hanging in the town or thrown into the Drina river.
Visuć massacre	1941	Visuć	85	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše.
Foča massacre (1941)	5 December 1941	Foča	500	Chetniks	Muslim massacre by Chetniks who received the town of Foča from the Royal Italian Army.
Žepa massacre	late 1941	Žepa	300	Chetniks	Muslim massacre by Chetnik forces at Žepa.
Čelebić massacre (1942)	January 1942	Čelebić	54	Chetniks	Muslim massacre by Chetnik forces at Čelebić; village later torched.
Srebrenica massacre	January 1942	Srebrenica and environs	1,000	Chetniks	Muslim massacre by Chetnik forces in Srebrenica and nearby villages.
Višegrad massacre (1942)	January 1942	Višegrad	1,000+	Chetniks	Muslim massacre by Chetniks at Višegrad.
Battle of Dražgoše	11–12 January 1942	Dražgoše	41	Wehrmacht	The Wehrmacht executed 41 civilian hostages in the village.
Draksenić massacre	13–15 January 1942	Draksenić	c. 360	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše and Home Guard at Draksenić.
Pljeva massacre	February 1942	Pljeva, Central Bosnia	41	Partisans	41 captured Croatian Home Guards executed by Partisans.
Piskavica and Ivanjska massacre	5, 12 February 1942	Piskavica and Ivanjska	520	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše at Piskavica and Ivanjska.
Drakulić massacre	7 February 1942	Drakulić, Šargovac, Motike	2,315	Ustaše	Serb massacre by Ustaše at Drakulić.
Drakan massacre	3 March 1942	Drakan	42	Chetniks	Muslim masscre by Chetniks at Drakan.
Foča massacre (1942)	August 1942	Foča	2,000	Chetniks	Mulsim massacre by Chetniks in the Foča area.
Gata massacre	1 October 1942	Gata	100+	Chetniks	Civilians killed by Chetniks for pro-Yugoslav Partisan sympathies and in retaliation for the destruction of the Split-Omiš road.
Operation Alfa	14–15 October 1942	Prozor	543	Chetniks	Croat and Bosnian Muslim massacre by Chetniks on suspicion of harboring and/or aiding the Partisans.
Andrijevica massacre	July 1944	Andrijevica	400+	SS Skanderbeg	Albanian Waffen-SS units murdered more than 400 Orthodox Christian civilians.
Hrvatska Dubica massacre	18–19 September 1944	Hrvatska Dubica	c. 55	Ustaše	Massacre of mostly Serb victims by Ustaše at Hrvatska Dubica.
Daksa executions	October 1944	Daksa	48	Partisans	Partisans executed at least 48 Croat prisoners
Kozara massacres	17–22 February 1945	Hrvatska Dubica	140+	Ustaše	Massacre of mostly Serb victims by Ustaše at Hrvatska Dubica.
Jakljan executions	May, 1945	Jakljan	214	Partisans	German prisoners executed by Partisan forces at Jakljan.
Kočevski Rog massacre	Late May, 1945	Kočevski Rog	Several thousand victims (between 10,000 and 12,000, according to certain sources)	Partisans	Members of the Slovene Home Guard and their families executed by the Partisans.
Barbara Pit	May – September 1945	Huda Jama	726	Partisans

Croatian War

Main article: List of massacres in Croatia

Bosnian War

Main article: List of massacres in the Bosnian War

Kosovo War

Main article: List of massacres in the Kosovo War

Name	Date	Location	Deaths
Ćuška massacre	14 May 1999	Cuska (near Peć)	41
Drenica massacres	Feb–March 1998 March–June 1999	Drenica	83
Izbica massacre	28 March 1999	Izbica	89–146
Ljubenić massacres	25 May 1998 and 1 April 1999	Ljubenić	c. 74
Operation Račak	15 January 1999	Račak, Kosovo, FR Yugoslavia	40–45
Podujevo massacre	28 March 1999	Podujevo	14

Notes

Hoare 2006, p. 143.
^ Hoare 2006, pp. 106–108.
Spasović, Ivana (2012). Страдања у Панчеву и Јабуци за време Другог светског рата. Pančevo: Istorijski arhiv. ISBN 978-86-83347-96-4. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
^ Hoare 2006, p. 22.
^ Tomasevich 2001, p. 398.
Ramet 2006, p. 119.
Paris 1961, p. 60.
Goldstein 2007, p. 22.
Tomasevich 2001, p. 536.
^ Malcolm 1994, p. 176.
Paris 1961, p. 82.
Ramet 2006, p. 120.
^ Hoare 2006, p. 23.
Vojinovic, Novica (1991). Srpske Jame u Prebilovcima. Genocid hrvatskih kleroustaša nad Srbima u Hercegovini (in Serbo-Croatian). Titograd.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Judah 2000, p. 127.
^ Момчило Ракић,"У усташком затвору у Босанској Дубици", Козара, I, Београд, 1971, стр. I/151-157.
Самарџија, Душан Д. (1984). Босанскодубичко подручје у НОР-у и социјалистичкој револуцији 1941-1945. Босанска Дубица. pp. 102–103. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Toljaga & 18 November 2010.
Paris 1961, p. 59.
Ђуро Затезало, Радио сам свој сељачки и ковачки посао: Свједочанства о геноциду, Загреб, 2005. стр. 356.
Paris 1961, p. 104.
^ Tomasevich 1975, p. 146.
Hoare 2006, p. 145.
Гојко Везмар, "Уз попис палих бораца, жртава фашистичког терора и умрлих од тифуса на подручју опћине Титова Кореница", Котар Кореница и котар Удбина у НОР-у и социјалистичкој изградњи, Карловац, 1979, стр. 965-90.
Hoare 2006, pp. 145–146.
^ Hoare 2006, p. 146.
^ Hoare 2006, p. 147.
Corsellis & Ferrar 2006, p. 33.
Душан Тороман: Покољ у цркви у Драксенићу, књ. 1, 1981, стр. 878-884
Hoare 2013, p. 96–97.
Lukajić 2005.
Lukajić 2005, p. 420.
Malcolm 1994, p. 188.
^ Tomasevich 2001, pp. 258–259.
Morrison 2009, p. 65.
Dubrovački vjesnik & 19 June 2010.
Slobodna Dalmacija & 1 March 2013.
Encyclopaedia Britannica: "Slovenia (World War Two)"

References

Books

Corsellis, John; Ferrar, Marcus (2006). Slovenia, 1945: Memories of Death and Survival After World War II. London: I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-85043-840-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Dedijer, Vladimir; Miletić, Antun (1990). Genocid nad Muslimanima, 1941–1945 (in Serbo-Croatian). Sarajevo: Svjetlost. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Dizdar, Zdravko; Sobolevski, Mihael (1999). Prešućivani četnički zločini u Hrvatskoj i u Bosni i Hercegovini 1941–1945 (in Serbo-Croatian). Zagreb: Hrvatski institut za povijest. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Goldstein, Ivo (2007), "The Independent State of Croatia in 1941: On the Road to Catastrophe", in Ramet, Sabrina P. (ed.), The Independent State of Croatia 1941–45, New York: Routledge, pp. 19–29, ISBN 0-415-44055-6 {{citation}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Judah, Tim (2000). The Serbs: History, Myth and the Destruction of Yugoslavia. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08507-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Morrison, Kenneth (2009). Montenegro: A Modern History. New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-710-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Paris, Edmond (1961). Genocide in Satellite Croatia, 1941–1945: A Record of Racial and Religious Persecutions and Massacres. Chicago: American Institute for Balkan Affairs. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Hoare, Marko Attila (2006). Genocide and Resistance in Hitler's Bosnia: The Partisans and the Chetniks 1941–1943. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-726380-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Hoare, Marko Attila (2013). Bosnian Muslims in the Second World War. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-70394-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Malcolm, Noel (1994). Bosnia: A Short History. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-5520-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Ramet, Sabrina P. (2006). The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918–2005. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34656-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Tomasevich, Jozo (1975). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: The Chetniks. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-0857-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-3615-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Lukajić, Lazar (2005). "Fratri i ustaše kolju - zločini i svjedoci" (Document) (in Serbian). Belgrade: Fond za istraživanje genocida. {{cite document}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |url= ignored (help)

Web

"Dostojno pokopani nakon 66. godina mučkog smaknuća". Dubrovački vjesnik (in Croatian). 19 June 2010.
"Na dubrovačkom Domobranskom groblju pokopani posmrtni ostaci 214 njemačkih mornara". Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). 1 March 2013.
Toljaga, Daniel (18 November 2010). "Prelude to the Srebrenica genocide". Bosnian Institute.

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