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These ]s nest in colonies on islands and are pelagic when not breeding. One white egg is laid usually in a burrow or on open ground. They are nocturnal at the breeding colonies. These ]s nest in colonies on islands and are pelagic when not breeding. One white egg is laid usually in a burrow or on open ground. They are nocturnal at the breeding colonies.


==Species==
The species are:
The ] of the gadfly petrels is being reformed at the moment. Several genera have been split off over time, as they are closer to the ] and '']'' shearwaters. Some subspecies have been raised to full species rank. The arrangement given here is traditional, but annotates the changes proposed by Austin (1998) and Bretagnolle ''et al.'' (1998). For the current taxonomy, see also Brooke (2006).
⚫ * ], ''Pterodroma macroptera''

⚫ * ], '' Pterodroma aterrima''
* ], '' Pterodroma rostrata'' '''Genus Pterodroma'''
* ], ''Pterodroma becki'' * ], '' Pterodroma baraui''
* ], '' Pterodroma lessonii'' * ], '' Pterodroma arminjoniana''
* ], '' Pterodroma hasitata'' * ], '' Pterodroma externa''
* ], ''Pterodroma caribbaea'' (probably extinct) * ], '' Pterodroma neglecta''
⚫ * ], '' Pterodroma phaeopygia''
⚫ * ], ''Pterodroma sandwichensis''
⚫ * ], ''Pterodroma atrata''
⚫ * ], ''Pterodroma heraldica''
* ], '' Pterodroma alba''
⚫ * ], '' Pterodroma feae''
⚫ * ] or Madeira Petrel, '' Pterodroma madeira''
* Canary Islands Petrel, ''Pterodroma'' sp. (]) - possibly extirpated population of extant species<!-- Ardeola 49:39 -->
* ], '' Pterodroma mollis''
* ], '' Pterodroma cahow'' * ], '' Pterodroma cahow''
* ], '' Pterodroma hasitata''
* ], ''Pterodroma caribbaea'' (probably ])
* ], '' Pterodroma incerta'' * ], '' Pterodroma incerta''
* ], '' Pterodroma alba'' * ], '' Pterodroma lessonii''
* ], '' Pterodroma inexpectata'' * ], '' Pterodroma magentae''
⚫ * ], ''Pterodroma macroptera''
* ], '' Pterodroma solandri'' * ], '' Pterodroma solandri''
⚫ * ], '' Pterodroma brevirostris''
* ], '' Pterodroma ultima'' * ], '' Pterodroma ultima''
* ], '' Pterodroma neglecta'' * ], '' Pterodroma inexpectata''
* ], '' Pterodroma magentae'' * ], '' Pterodroma pycrofti''
* ], '' Pterodroma arminjoniana'' * ], '' Pterodroma longirostris''
* ], '' Pterodroma mollis'' * ], '' Pterodroma brevipes''
* ], '' Pterodroma feae'' * ], '' Pterodroma leucoptera''
* ] or Madeira Petrel, '' Pterodroma madeira'' * Mangareva Petrel, ''Pterodroma'' cf. ''leucoptera'' (possibly ])
⚫ * ], '' Pterodroma baraui''
⚫ * ], ''Pterodroma sandwichensis''
⚫ * ], '' Pterodroma phaeopygia''
⚫ * ], '' Pterodroma externa''
⚫ * ], '' Pterodroma cervicalis''
⚫ * ], ''Pterodroma occulta''
* ], '' Pterodroma cookii'' * ], '' Pterodroma cookii''
* ], '' Pterodroma defilippiana'' * ], '' Pterodroma defilippiana''
⚫ * ], '' Pterodroma leucoptera''
* ], '' Pterodroma hypoleuca'' * ], '' Pterodroma hypoleuca''
⚫ * ], '' Pterodroma cervicalis''
* ], ''Pterodroma occulta''
* ], '' Pterodroma nigripennis'' * ], '' Pterodroma nigripennis''
* ], '' Pterodroma axillaris'' * ], '' Pterodroma axillaris''
* Chatham Extinct Petrel, ''Pterodroma'' sp. (])<!-- Notornis 41(S):165 -->
⚫ * ], '' Pterodroma longirostris''
* Henderson Island Petrel, ''Pterodroma'' sp. (])<!-- AtollRes.Bull.325 -->
⚫ * ], '' Pterodroma pycrofti''
* ], ''Pterodroma jugabilis'' (])

Now '']'' (allied to ''Puffinus'')
⚫ * ], '' Pterodroma brevirostris''

Now '']'' (allied to ''Puffinus'')
* ] '' Pterodroma macgillivrayi'' * ] '' Pterodroma macgillivrayi''
* ], '' Pterodroma rostrata''
* ], ''Pterodroma becki''
⚫ * ], '' Pterodroma aterrima''
* ], ''Pterodroma rupinarum'' (])

==References==
* Austin, Jeremy J. (1996): Molecular Phylogenetics of ''Puffinus'' Shearwaters: Preliminary Evidence from Mitochondrial Cytochrome ''b'' Gene Sequences. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' '''6'''(1): 77–88 {{DOI|10.1006/mpev.1996.0060}} (HTML abstract)
* Bretagnolle, V., Attié, C., Pasquet, E., (1998) "Cytochrome-''B'' evidence for validity and phylogenetic relationships of ''Pseudobulweria'' and ''Bulweria'' (Procellariidae)" ''Auk'' '''115'''(1):188-195
* Brooke, M. (2004): ''Albatrosses and Petrels Across the World''. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-850125-0


] ]

Revision as of 01:07, 23 August 2006

Gadfly Petrels
File:Dark rumped petrel.jpeg
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Procellariiformes
Family: Procellariidae
Genus: Pterodroma
Bonaparte, 1856
Species

About 35, see text.

The gadfly petrels are seabirds in the bird order Procellariiformes. These medium to large petrels feed on food items picked from the ocean surface.

The short, sturdy bills of the Pterodroma species in this group, about 35 altogether, are adapted for soft prey taken at the surface; they have twisted intestines for digesting marine animals which have unusual biochemistries.

Their complex wing and face marking are probably for interspecific recognition.

These birds nest in colonies on islands and are pelagic when not breeding. One white egg is laid usually in a burrow or on open ground. They are nocturnal at the breeding colonies.

Species

The taxonomy of the gadfly petrels is being reformed at the moment. Several genera have been split off over time, as they are closer to the procellarine and Puffinus shearwaters. Some subspecies have been raised to full species rank. The arrangement given here is traditional, but annotates the changes proposed by Austin (1998) and Bretagnolle et al. (1998). For the current taxonomy, see also Brooke (2006).

Genus Pterodroma

Now Lugensa (allied to Puffinus)

Now Pseudobulweria (allied to Puffinus)

References

  • Austin, Jeremy J. (1996): Molecular Phylogenetics of Puffinus Shearwaters: Preliminary Evidence from Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene Sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 6(1): 77–88 doi:10.1006/mpev.1996.0060 (HTML abstract)
  • Bretagnolle, V., Attié, C., Pasquet, E., (1998) "Cytochrome-B evidence for validity and phylogenetic relationships of Pseudobulweria and Bulweria (Procellariidae)" Auk 115(1):188-195 PDf fulltext
  • Brooke, M. (2004): Albatrosses and Petrels Across the World. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-850125-0
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