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	The '''Gododdin''' ({{IPA-cy\|ɡoˈdoðin}}) were a ] speaking ] people of north-eastern ], the area known as the ] or Old North (modern south-east ] and north-east England), in the ] period. Descendants of the ], they are best known as the subject of the 6th-century ] poem '']'', which ~~memorializes~~ the ] and is attributed to ].		The '''Gododdin''' ({{IPA-cy\|ɡoˈdoðin}}) were a ] speaking ] people of north-eastern ], the area known as the ] or Old North (modern south-east ] and north-east England), in the ] period. Descendants of the ], they are best known as the subject of the 6th-century ] poem '']'', which memorialises the ] and is attributed to ].

	The name ''Gododdin'' is the ] form, but the name appeared in ] as ''Guotodin'' and derived from the tribal name '']'' recorded in Classical sources, such as in ] texts from the Roman period.<ref>], "'']''" (ca. 2nd century)</ref>		The name ''Gododdin'' is the ] form, but the name appeared in ] as ''Guotodin'' and derived from the tribal name '']'' recorded in Classical sources, such as in ] texts from the Roman period.<ref>], "'']''" (ca. 2nd century)</ref>

	==Kingdom==		==Kingdom==
	It is not known exactly how far the kingdom of the Gododdin extended, possibly from the ] area to the kingdom of '']'' (Bernicia), and including what are now the ] and ] regions of eastern ]. It was bounded on the west by the Brythonic ], and to the north by the ]. Those living around ] were known as the ].<ref>Watson, 1926 {{page needed\|date=June 2015}}</ref><ref>Jackson, 1969 {{page needed\|date=June 2015}}</ref> According to tradition, local kings of this period lived at both ] and ''Din Eidyn'' (], still known as ''Dùn Éideann'' in ]), and probably also at ''Din Baer'' (]).		It is not known exactly how far the kingdom of the Gododdin extended, possibly from the ] area to the kingdom of '']'' (Bernicia), and including what are now the ] and ] regions of eastern ]. It was bounded to the west by the Brythonic ], and to the north by the ]. Those living around ] were known as the ].<ref>Watson, 1926 {{page needed\|date=June 2015}}</ref><ref>Jackson, 1969 {{page needed\|date=June 2015}}</ref> According to tradition, local kings of this period lived at both ] and ''Din Eidyn'' (], still known as ''{{lang\|gd\|Dùn Éideann}}'' in ]), and probably also at ''Din Baer'' (]).

	], legendary founder of the ] in north ], is supposed to have been a Manaw Gododdin warlord who migrated southwest during the 5th century.<ref>, retrieved ~~April~~ 4, 2009.</ref>		], legendary founder of the ] in north ], is supposed to have been a Manaw Gododdin warlord who migrated southwest during the 5th century.<ref>, retrieved 4 April 2009.</ref>

	==Later history==		==Later history==
	In the 6th century, Bryneich was invaded by the ] and became known as ]. The Angles continued to press north. In around 600 the Gododdin raised a force of about 300 men to assault the Angle stronghold of ], perhaps ]. The battle, which ended disastrously for the Britons, was ~~memorialized~~ in the poem '']''.		In the 6th century, Bryneich was invaded by the ] and became known as ]. The Angles continued to press north. In around 600 the Gododdin raised a force of about 300 men to assault the Angle stronghold of ], perhaps ]. The battle, which ended disastrously for the Britons, was memorialised in the poem '']''.

	In 638 the monks of Iona record the siege of Din Eidyn (modern ]), by ], ] of ] but do not say whether the siege was successful or not. History provides no answers but by the middle of the 770's the Gododdin seem to have come under the rule of Northumbria and perhaps the Picts. After the Picts inflicted a crushing defeat on the Northumbrians at the ] in 685 the Gododdin sacked the Northumbrian monastery at ] to the west of Edinburgh and according to Bede regained their freedom but the kingdom never re-emerged and the Gododdin disappear into history.		In 638 the monks of Iona record the siege of Din Eidyn (modern Edinburgh), by ], ] of ] but do not say whether the siege was successful or not. History provides no answers but by the middle of the 770's the Gododdin seem to have come under the rule of Northumbria and perhaps the Picts. After the Picts inflicted a crushing defeat on the Northumbrians at the ] in 685 the Gododdin sacked the Northumbrian monastery at ] to the west of Edinburgh and according to Bede regained their freedom but the kingdom never re-emerged and the Gododdin disappear into history.

	==See also==		==See also==

Revision as of 01:04, 8 August 2016

The Gododdin (Template:IPA-cy) were a P-Celtic speaking Brittonic people of north-eastern Britannia, the area known as the Hen Ogledd or Old North (modern south-east Scotland and north-east England), in the sub-Roman period. Descendants of the Votadini, they are best known as the subject of the 6th-century Welsh poem Y Gododdin, which memorialises the Battle of Catraeth and is attributed to Aneirin.

The name Gododdin is the Modern Welsh form, but the name appeared in Old Welsh as Guotodin and derived from the tribal name Votadini recorded in Classical sources, such as in Greek texts from the Roman period.

Kingdom

It is not known exactly how far the kingdom of the Gododdin extended, possibly from the Stirling area to the kingdom of Bryneich (Bernicia), and including what are now the Lothian and Borders regions of eastern Scotland. It was bounded to the west by the Brythonic Kingdom of Strathclyde, and to the north by the Picts. Those living around Clackmannanshire were known as the Manaw Gododdin. According to tradition, local kings of this period lived at both Traprain Law and Din Eidyn (Edinburgh, still known as Dùn Éideann in Scottish Gaelic), and probably also at Din Baer (Dunbar).

Cunedda, legendary founder of the Kingdom of Gwynedd in north Wales, is supposed to have been a Manaw Gododdin warlord who migrated southwest during the 5th century.

Later history

In the 6th century, Bryneich was invaded by the Angles and became known as Bernicia. The Angles continued to press north. In around 600 the Gododdin raised a force of about 300 men to assault the Angle stronghold of Catraeth, perhaps Catterick, North Yorkshire. The battle, which ended disastrously for the Britons, was memorialised in the poem Y Gododdin.

In 638 the monks of Iona record the siege of Din Eidyn (modern Edinburgh), by Domnall Brecc, King of Dál Riata but do not say whether the siege was successful or not. History provides no answers but by the middle of the 770's the Gododdin seem to have come under the rule of Northumbria and perhaps the Picts. After the Picts inflicted a crushing defeat on the Northumbrians at the Battle of Dun Nechtain in 685 the Gododdin sacked the Northumbrian monastery at Abercorn to the west of Edinburgh and according to Bede regained their freedom but the kingdom never re-emerged and the Gododdin disappear into history.

Notes

Claudius Ptolemaeus, "Geographia" (ca. 2nd century)
Watson, 1926
Jackson, 1969
Historia Britonum, retrieved 4 April 2009.

References

Kenneth H. Jackson (1969). The Gododdin: The Oldest Scottish poem (Edinburgh: University Press) * W.J. Watson (1926, 1986). The History of the Celtic Place-Names of Scotland: being the Rhind lectures on archaeology (expanded) delivered in 1916. (Edinburgh, London: W. Blackwood & Sons, 1926; Edinburgh: Birlinn, 1986, reprint edition). ISBN 1-874744-06-8
W.J. Watson (1926, 1986). The History of the Celtic Place-Names of Scotland: being the Rhind lectures on archaeology (expanded) delivered in 1916. (Edinburgh, London: W. Blackwood & Sons, 1926; Edinburgh: Birlinn, 1986, reprint edition). ISBN 1-874744-06-8
Davies, John. "Dinas Powys, Catraeth, and Llantwit Major." A History of Wales. London: Allen Lane :, 1993. 61-62. Print.
Davies, Norman. "The Germanico-Celtic Isles." The Isles: A History. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999. 165-166, 185-187, 195, 207. Print.

External links

Skene, William Forbes (1869), The Gododdin Poems, Forgotten Books (published 2007), p. 108, ISBN 1-60506-167-0, retrieved 2008-08-09

v t e Hen Ogledd
Kingdoms or Territories	Alt Clut Bryneich Deifr Elfed Gododdin Rheged
Important Places	Calchfynydd Eidyn Manaw Gododdin Arfderydd Carlisle Catraeth Coed Celyddon Dumbarton Rock Ynys Meddgod
People	Aneirin Clydno Eiddin Cunedda Coel Hen Saint Kentigern Elffin ap Gwyddno Gwallog ap Llênog Gwenddolau Llywarch Hen Morcant Bulc Myrddin Wyllt Owain ab Urien Pabo Rhydderch Hael Talhaearn Taliesin Urien Gwrgi and Peredur

v t e Scotland in the Middle Ages
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