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| ==== Europe ==== | ==== Europe ==== | ||
| * June – Emperor ] ('''the Elder''') leads a invasion into ]. He plunders the lands west of the River ], but suffers from consequences of the ] tactics used by the Hungarians. Conrad, threatened by starvation, is forced to retreat back to ]. King ] pursues his forces, which are defeated and captured by the Hungarians at ]. | |||
| * ] – ] forces the invading armies of the ], led by ], to retreat back to Germany. | |||
| * ] – ] (]): ] loses to his pagan vassals, and is killed in the battle. He is later canonized, and becomes the patron saint of ] and ''Rex perpetuum Norvegiae'' ('the eternal king of Norway'). | * ] – ] (]): ] loses to his pagan vassals, and is killed in the battle. He is later canonized, and becomes the patron saint of ] and ''Rex perpetuum Norvegiae'' ('the eternal king of Norway'). | ||
| * The city of ], ] is founded. | * The city of ], ] is founded. | ||
Revision as of 10:40, 17 August 2018
Calendar year
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1030 by topic |
|---|
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Gregorian calendar | 1030 MXXX |
| Ab urbe condita | 1783 |
| Armenian calendar | 479 ԹՎ ՆՀԹ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5780 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 951–952 |
| Bengali calendar | 436–437 |
| Berber calendar | 1980 |
| English Regnal year | N/A |
| Buddhist calendar | 1574 |
| Burmese calendar | 392 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6538–6539 |
| Chinese calendar | 己巳年 (Earth Snake) 3727 or 3520 — to — 庚午年 (Metal Horse) 3728 or 3521 |
| Coptic calendar | 746–747 |
| Discordian calendar | 2196 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1022–1023 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4790–4791 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1086–1087 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 951–952 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4130–4131 |
| Holocene calendar | 11030 |
| Igbo calendar | 30–31 |
| Iranian calendar | 408–409 |
| Islamic calendar | 420–421 |
| Japanese calendar | Chōgen 3 (長元３年) |
| Javanese calendar | 932–933 |
| Julian calendar | 1030 MXXX |
| Korean calendar | 3363 |
| Minguo calendar | 882 before ROC 民前882年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −438 |
| Seleucid era | 1341/1342 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1572–1573 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴土蛇年 (female Earth-Snake) 1156 or 775 or 3 — to — 阳金马年 (male Iron-Horse) 1157 or 776 or 4 |
Year 1030 (MXXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
- Battle of Azaz: Emperor Romanos III (Argyros) decides to retaliate upon the incursions of the Muslims on the eastern frontier. He leads an Byzantine expeditionary force (20,000 men) to secure Antioch. Emir Shibl al-Dawla Nasr sues for peace, but Romanos refuses to negotiate. The Byzantine army invades Syria and encampes in Azaz (near Aleppo). There, they are encircled by the Arabs (Mirdasids) who cut off the Byzantines from food and water. Romanos orders a retreat to Antioch. As the army is exhausted from the heat and the lack of supplies, the retreat soon turns into a flight in panic – with probably 10,000 killed.
Europe
- June – Emperor Conrad II (the Elder) leads a invasion into Hungary. He plunders the lands west of the River Rába, but suffers from consequences of the scorched earth tactics used by the Hungarians. Conrad, threatened by starvation, is forced to retreat back to Germany. King Stephen I pursues his forces, which are defeated and captured by the Hungarians at Vienna.
- July 29 – Battle of Stiklestad (Norway): Olaf II of Norway loses to his pagan vassals, and is killed in the battle. He is later canonized, and becomes the patron saint of Norway and Rex perpetuum Norvegiae ('the eternal king of Norway').
- The city of Kaunas, Lithuania is founded.
- The first mention is made of Tartu, Estonia, as Yaroslav the Wise of Novgorod and Kiev defeats the Chuds, and founds a fort named Yuryev (modern Tartu).
- The earliest mention is made of Thalwil, Switzerland.
- Henry I of France revolts against his father Robert.
Asia
- April 30 — Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni dies after a reign of 36 years, and his son, Mas'ud soon seizes the throne of the Ghaznavid Empire, which includes much of Afghanistan, Iran and India.
- The Song Dynasty Chinese historian and scholar Ouyang Xiu obtains his jinshi degree at the age of only 22, by passing the highest level examinations in the country (his third attempt), leading him into a distinguished path as a scholar-official.
Births
- July 21 – Kyansittha, King of Burma (d. 1112)
- July 26 – Stanislaus of Szczepanów (St. Stanislaw), Bishop of Kraków (martyred 1079)
- Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders (d. 1070)
- Vsevolod I of Kiev (d. 1093)
Deaths
- January 31 – William V, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 969)
- April 30 – Mahmud of Ghazni
- July 19 or 1031 – Adalberon, bishop of Laon
- July 29 – King Olaf II of Norway (b. 995)
- Gormflaith ingen Murchada, Irish queen (b. 960)
References
- Shepard, Jonathan (2010). "Azaz, Battle near", p. 102. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology, Volume 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-533403-6.
- Tvauri, Andres (2012). The Migration Period, Pre-Viking Age, and Viking Age in Estonia. pp. 33, 59, 60. Retrieved December 27, 2016.