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Shawn Corey Carter (born December 4, 1969), better known as Jay-Z, is an American rapper and current president and CEO of Def Jam and Roc-A-Fella Records, co-owns The 40/40 Club, and is a part owner of the New Jersey Nets NBA team. He has been one of the most successful American rappers of the past decade. In 2006, an MTV list named him the "Greatest MC Of All Time".

Known for his use of freestyling abilities, flow, and blending of street and popular hip hop, Jay-Z became one of the most respected rappers in the music industry before his declared retirement in 2004. He is admired for his ability to craft lyrics from memory, without the use of pen and paper (he claims his critically acclaimed album The Blueprint was written in only two days). He also returned from retirement in late 2006 with the album Kingdom Come which sold 680,000 copies in its first week, Jay-Z's highest selling album in a one week period.

Along with Damon "Dame" Dash and Kareem "Biggs" Burke, Jay-Z was one of the founders of Roc-A-Fella Records, a hip-hop record label that also launched the careers of artists such as Beanie Sigel, Kanye West, Memphis Bleek, Young Gunz, Freeway, and Teairra Marí.

Hip-Hop musician

Early years

Originally from the Marcy Houses in the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn in New York, Shawn Corey Carter was abandoned by his father Adnes Reeves when he was twelve years old. Jay-Z attended Eli Whitney High School in Brooklyn, along with rapper AZ until it closed down. After that he attended George Westinghouse High School in Downtown Brooklyn with fellow rappers Notorious B.I.G. and Busta Rhymes and Trenton Central High School in Trenton, New Jersey but did not graduate. He claims to have been caught up in selling drugs; in addition to this, Jay-Z has lyrically alluded to having sold cocaine and marijuana.

According to his mother Gloria Carter, a young Jay-Z used to wake his siblings up at night banging out drum patterns on the kitchen table. Eventually, she bought him a boom box for his birthday and thus sparked his interest in music. He began freestyling, writing rhymes, and followed the music of many artists popular at the time.

In his neighborhood, Carter was known as "Jazzy," a nickname which eventually developed into his stage name, "Jay-Z." The moniker is also a homage to his musical mentor Jaz-O (a.k.a. Jaz, Big Jaz) as well as to the J-Z subway lines that have a stop at Marcy Avenue in Brooklyn.

Jay-Z can be heard on several of Jaz-O's early recordings in the late 80's and early 90's, including "The Originators" and "Hawaiian Sophie." He and Jaz-O once ran into a blossoming LL Cool J in the park and were beaten in a freestyle battle by the self proclaimed G.O.A.T. He also collaborated with Inglewood, California producer Three-1-Zero. His career had a jump start when he battled a rapper by the name of Zai. The battle caught the eye of many record labels, as Jay-Z was able to hold his own against Zai. He also made an appearance on a popular song by Big L, "Da Graveyard," and on Mic Geronimo's "Time to Build," which also featured early appearances by DMX and Ja Rule in 1995.

Commercial work

From the beginning of his commercial recording career, Jay-Z chose a route that many would consider untraditional. When no major label gave him a record deal, Jay-Z created Roc-A-Fella Records as his own independent label. After striking a deal with Priority to distribute his material, Jay-Z released his 1996 debut album Reasonable Doubt with beats from acclaimed producers such as DJ Premier and Clark Kent and a notable appearance by The Notorious B.I.G. Although the album received critical acclaim, record sales were modest as they topped off at 420,000 units the first year.

After reaching a new distribution deal with Def Jam in 1997, Jay-Z released his follow-up In My Lifetime, Vol. 1. Executive produced by Sean "P. Diddy" Combs, it sold better than his previous effort, though Jay-Z later explained that this was one of the worst periods of his life. He was reeling from the death of his close friend The Notorious B.I.G. The albums relatively glossy production stood as a contrast to his first release, and some dedicated fans felt he had "sold out." However, the album did feature some beats from producers who had worked with him on Reasonable Doubt, namely DJ Premier and Ski. Jay-Z mentioned on the YES Network's "CenterStage with Michael Kay" show that if he could do one thing in his career over, it would be Vol. 1, claiming that "it was this close to being a classic, but I put like, a few songs on there that ruined it." Speculation is that he was referring to "I Know What Girls Like" and "(Always Be My) Sunshine," both of which were produced by Bad Boy beatmakers and criticized as a commercialization of his sound.

1998's Vol. 2... Hard Knock Life spawned the biggest hit of his career at the time, "Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)". He also relied more on flow and brilliant wordplay, and he continued his penchant for mining beats from the popular producers of the day such as Swizz Beatz and Timbaland. Charting hits from this album included "Can I Get A..." featuring Ja Rule and "Jigga What, Jigga Who." Vol. 2 would eventually become Jay-Z's most commercially successful album, it was certified 5x platinum in the United States and has to date sold over 8 million worldwide.

In 1999, Jay-Z released Vol. 3... Life and Times of S. Carter. Despite continued criticism for his increasingly pop-oriented sound, the album proved to be successful and went platinum three times and sold over 5.6 million records worldwide. Through his lyricism, he was able to retain respect from some of his die-hard fans. Vol. 3 is remembered for its smash hit, "Big Pimpin'" (feat. UGK). By this time, Jay-Z was seen as a hip-hop figurehead both by hardcore fans and by the hip-hop industry due to his lyrics and his high album sales. The subject of much criticism, praise, popularity, condemnation, and discussion, Jay-Z decided to begin developing other artists. Around 2000, he and Damon Dash signed various artists (including Beanie Sigel and Freeway) and began introducing them to the public. He next appeared on The Dynasty: Roc La Familia, which was intended as a compilation album to introduce these new artists, though the album had Jay-Z's name on it to strengthen market recognition and by extension, sales.

2001's The Blueprint is considered by many to be one of hip hop's "classic" albums, receiving the coveted "5 mic" review from The Source magazine. Released on September 11, 2001, the album managed to debut at #1, selling more than 450,000 albums in its first week. The success of the album was overshadowed by the terrorist attacks that same day.

The Blueprint was applauded for its production and the balance of "mainstream" and "hardcore" rap, receiving recognition from both audiences. Eminem was the only guest artist on the album, producing and rapping on the single "Renegade". A large portion of the material on this album was produced by Kanye West and represents one of his (Kanye's) first major breaks in the industry. The Blueprint also includes the popular "Izzo (H.O.V.A.)" and "Takeover," a song that takes on rivals Prodigy of Mobb Deep and Nas.

Jay-Z's next solo album was 2002's 3.9 million (USA only) selling The Blueprint²: The Gift & the Curse a double-album. It was later reissued in a single-disc version, The Blueprint 2.1, which retained half of the tracks from the original and went on to sell a further 800,000 copies. Although criticized for having too much "filler", the album spawned two hit singles, "Excuse Me Miss" and "03 Bonnie and Clyde" featuring Jay-Z's girlfriend of four years Beyoncé Knowles.

Beef with Nas

Recent years

In 2003, Jay-Z toured with 50 Cent, Busta Rhymes and Sean Paul while finishing work on what was announced as his final album, The Black Album. Notable songs on the album included "What More Can I Say," "Dirt Off Your Shoulder," "Change Clothes," and "99 Problems." The latter was a cross-over hit comparable to the Beastie Boys' "No Sleep Till Brooklyn" which some believe pays homage to the now-rare old-school rap style. A few of the songs done on this album portray a more personal side of Jay-Z; for example, "Moment of Clarity" sheds light on his feelings towards his estranged father and coping with his death. It also deals with accusations that he sold out to reach a wider audience. "What More Can I Say" addresses the "biting" accusations leveled against him by Nas in "Ether" and other detractors, as Jay-Z raps, "I'm not a biter I'm a writer for myself and others/I say a Big verse I'm only biggin' up my brother."

In 2004, there was a runaway hit remix project by Danger Mouse called The Grey Album in which Jay-Z's Black Album vocals were blended with instrumentals sampled exclusively from The Beatles' White Album (which subsequently embroiled the DJ in a lawsuit that was later dropped with EMI, the owners of the Beatles' work). This was made possible by an a cappella version of the "Black Album" that Jay-Z released with the specific intent for others to mix. The success of "The Grey Album" led to a rainbow of Black Album remix projects including "The Red Album," "The Blue Album" and so forth.

Also in 2004, Jay-Z collaborated with Linkin Park. The project was named Collision Course, and contained a six track EP, as well as a making of DVD. Some of the mash ups tracks were entitled Dirt Off Your Shoulder/Lying From You, Jigga What/Faint, and Numb/Encore.

On May 22, 2004, Jay-Z performed at the famous alternative rock radio festival the 'HFStival'. Playing with the likes of such famous rock acts as The Cure, The Offspring, Violent Femmes, Cypress Hill, and O.A.R. It would be the last HFStival that the Washington/Baltimore radio station 99.1 WHFS would put on before their infamous format flip.

Technique

In his earliest appearances, Jay-Z's style was less polished; he had a propensity for rhyming fast, which gradually lessened over the years. By 1996, he had become more known for his metaphors and similes, as well as being a rapper to stress the ordeals of the drug-dealer's life. Later, flow would become a big part of his style.

He has often pointed to his ability to switch from emotionally provocative material like "Song Cry" to mainstream topics, such as "Big Pimpin'" as a sign that he straddles a line between material and intelligent rhymes that not a lot of artists have been able to do. However, he has been criticized for selling out to reach a mainstream audience, and he has acknowledged this on the song "Moment of Clarity".

Recently, producers and artists alike have been praising Jay-Z's ability to create verse after verse completely in his head without the aid of a pen and paper. He uses a difficult technique pioneered by himself and the late Notorious B.I.G as detailed in the August 2006 issue of XXL magazine celebrating the release of Jay-Z's first album "Reasonable Doubt" .

Retirement

On November 25 2003, Jay-Z held a concert at Madison Square Garden, which would later be the focus of his film Fade to Black. This concert was his "retirement party." All proceeds went to charity. Other performers included collaborators like The Roots (in the form of his backing band), Missy Elliott, Memphis Bleek, Beanie Siegel, Freeway, Mary J. Blige, Beyoncé, Twista, Ghostface Killah, Foxy Brown, Pharrell and R. Kelly with special appearances by Voletta Wallace and Afeni Shakur; the mothers of Notorious B.I.G. and Tupac Shakur respectively.

While Jay-Z had attested to a retirement from making new studio albums, various side projects and appearances soon followed. Included in these were a greatest hits record, mash-up projects and concert appearances with R. Kelly, Linkin Park and Phish. These appearances have kept his name in the spotlight and furthered peoples' speculation that he would not remain retired for long.

Jay-Z was the executive producer of Fort Minor's debut album The Rising Tied. Mike Shinoda got together with Jay-Z himself, as well as his Linkin Park bandmate Brad Delson, and they went over what tracks they thought should make the album.

"I Declare War" concert

Having been such a visible artist in the late '90s through the early 2000s, Jay-Z has been the subject of more rap-related controversy than most artists in mainstream hip-hop. Some of these have been resolved, some are ongoing, and some have simply dissipated.

On October 27, 2005, Jay-Z headlined New York's Power 105.1 annual concert, Powerhouse. The concert was entitled the "I Declare War" Concert leading to intense speculation in the weeks preceding the event to whom exactly Jay-Z would declare war on. As he had previously "declared war" on other artists taking lyrical shots at him at other events, many believed that the Powerhouse show would represent an all-out assault by Jay-Z upon his rivals. However, an anticipated response to subliminal shots taken by The Game and Cam'ron never materialized.

The theme of the concert was Jay-Z's position as President and CEO of Def Jam, complete with an on-stage mock-up of the Oval Office. Many artists made appearances such as the old roster of Roc-A-Fella records artists, Ne-Yo, Teairra Mari, T.I., Young Jeezy, Akon, Kanye West, Paul Wall, the LOX, and P. Diddy.

At the conclusion of the concert, Jay-Z put many beefs to rest to the surprise of hip-hop fans. Instead of declaring war, he declared that he was the "United Nations of this rap shit." The most significant development in this show was closure to the infamous beef between Jay-Z and Nas. The two former rivals shook hands and shared the stage together to perform Jay-Z's "Dead Presidents" blended with Nas's song "The World is Yours" from which "Dead Presidents" had sampled the vocals on the chorus. Nas's verses were rapped over the "Dead Presidents" beat in the vein of a mix song done by DJ Statik Selektah. Nas also performed songs of his own later in the show.

Beefs between other artists were also brought to a close (or put on hold) at the Powerhouse show. The event brought together for the first time in years, P. Diddy and The LOX, both who had a longstanding animosity due to a contract agreement between P. Diddy and The LOX and the latter's departure from Bad Boy Entertainment. Shortly after the concert, the beef was fully rectified.

The event also saw the return of Beanie Sigel from incarceration. There had been some speculation that Beanie Sigel was going to depart from Roc-A-Fella Records, but this concert proved otherwise. Beanie and The LOX's Jadakiss also officially ended their own beef when they, Jay-Z, the rest of the LOX and Sauce Money (who had been thought to have some animosity towards Jay-Z) all performed the song "Reservoir Dogs."

Return to recording music

Jay-Z returned with his comeback album on November 21, 2006 titled Kingdom Come. Jay-Z's comeback single, "Show Me What You Got," was leaked on the Internet in early October 2006, scheduled to be released later on that month, received heavy air-play after its leak, causing the FBI to step in and investigate. Jay-Z is scheduled to work with video director Hype Williams, the single's video will reportedly be directed by F. Gary Gray (Friday, The Italian Job). The album will feature producers such as, The Neptunes, Swizz Beatz, Timbaland, Kanye West, Cool & Dre, The Runners, Dr. Dre and Coldplay's Chris Martin (single entitled "Beach Chair").

Hip-Hop entrepreneur

Apart from being President and CEO of Def Jam Recordings, Jay-Z is also one of the owners and founders of the Roc-A-Fella empire, which includes Roc-A-Fella Records, Roc-La-Familia, Roc-A-Fella Films and Rocawear.

At heart, Jay-Z is an entrepreneur like his fellow hip-hop-moguls-turned-friends Russell Simmons, Dr. Dre and Sean "Diddy" Combs, who also have business holdings such as record companies and clothing lines. He redirected the hip hop culture from hooded sweatshirts and baggy jeans to button-ups and crisp jeans, and received GQ's International Man of the Year award.

Roc-A-Fella Records

Jay-Z co-founded Roc-A-Fella Records with partners Damon Dash and Kareem "Biggs" Burke. Def Jam purchased a 50% stake in the company in 1997 for a reported $1.5 million.

In late 2004, Jay-Z, Dash and Biggs sold their remaining interests in Roc-A-Fella Records and the label was retained as an Island Def Jam imprint. Soon thereafter Jay-Z was appointed the new President and CEO of Def Jam Recordings by Island Def Jam chairman L.A. Reid. Reportedly this major industry move was prompted by disagreement between Jay-Z and Dash as to what new ventures Roc-A-Fella could undertake.

The publicized split between Jay-Z, Dash and Biggs led to the former partners sending jabs at each other in interviews. Dame Dash has made comments that after the break up he was portrayed as "Osama Bin Laden" to ensure that rappers would stay with Jay-Z and not sign with him. Dash currently operates the recently-founded Dame Dash Music Group as a joint venture with Island Def Jam producing former Roc-A-Fella artists such as Beanie Sigel.

Rocawear and fashion

Co-founded in 1999 by Jay-Z, Damon Dash and Kareem "Biggs" Burke, Rocawear designed for and sought out a share of the lucrative urban fashion market already being capitalized on by labels like Phat Farm.

In 2005, Jay-Z bought out Rocawear co-founder Dash for an estimated $30 million and has sought to expand the company's reach by developing the S. Carter high-end clothing line. Jay-Z also has a line of Reebok sneakers aptly named The S. Carter Collection, which holds the record for fastest-selling Reebok shoe in history and made him the first non-athlete to have a signature line of sneakers. In the spring of 2006, he is in collaboration with Swiss luxury-watch maker Audemars Piguet.

Entertainment and lifestyle

Jay-Z co-owns The 40/40 Club, an upscale sports bar that started in New York City and has since expanded to Atlantic City, NJ. Future plans will see 40/40 Clubs in Los Angeles, Las Vegas and Singapore. Roc-A-Fella also distributes Armadale, a Scottish vodka, in the U.S.

Jay-Z is a part owner of the New Jersey Nets NBA team, and is one of the franchise owners interested in relocating the team to Brooklyn. In October 2005, he was reported in English media as considering a takeover of Arsenal F.C., an English football team.

Personal life

Criminal charges

Jay-Z was accused of stabbing record executive Lance "Un" Riviera for what he perceived was Riviera's bootlegging of Vol. 3... Life and Times of S. Carter. The stabbing allegedly occurred at the record release party for Q-Tip's debut solo album Amplified at the Kit Kat Klub, a now defunct night club in Times Square, New York City, on December 9 1999. Jay-Z's associates at the party were accused of causing a commotion within the club, which Jay-Z allegedly used as cover when he supposedly stabbed Riviera in the stomach with a five-inch blade.

Jay-Z initially denied the incident and pleaded not guilty when a grand jury returned the indictment. Jay-Z and his lawyers contended he was nowhere around Riviera during the incident and they had witnesses and videotape evidence from the club that showed Jay-Z's whereabouts during the disturbance. Nevertheless, he later pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor charge that resulted in a sentence of three years probation. The New York Post reported that Jay-Z had bought out Riviera for $600,000 to cease his cooperation with prosecutors, and without the cooperation of the victim, prosecutors had to cut a plea deal that would not interfere with Jay-Z's touring plans. Riviera also dropped a civil suit, where he asked for $40 million.

Jay-Z makes reference to the trial and incident on his songs "Izzo (H.O.V.A.)", off The Blueprint, "Threat," off The Black Album and "Dear Summer", which was included in Memphis Bleek's 2005 release 534.

Rival rapper Cam'ron has since claimed on his song "You Gotta Love It" that Jay-Z had actually "stabbed Un over Charli Baltimore".

Romantic life

Jay-Z was featured on Beyoncé's hit single "Crazy In Love." He made yet another appearance on Beyoncé's 2006 hit, "Deja Vu". The couple has never publicly discussed their relationship, but has reportedly been together for almost four years. Beyoncé has stated that she believes that not publicly discussing their relationship has helped them. Jay-Z has said in a People Magazine article that "We don't play with our relationship."

Jay-Z did remark during a goodbye party for departing Def Jam head Lyor Cohen in 2004 that he and Beyoncé will "marry very soon."

In May 2006, there were reports that Jay-Z and singer Rihanna had a more than business-like relationship after the two partied together privately at Jay-Z's club in New York City. Similarly, it was reported that Beyoncé and Jay-Z had a disagreement after he received a fifteen-minute telephone call from Rihanna while attending a New Jersey Nets game. Publicists for Jay-Z denied the claims that there is a love affair between the two. There were no further reports afterwards.

Jay-Z and Beyoncé were listed as a Power Couple on Time Magazine's 100's Most Influential People of 2006.

It can be noticed that Jay-Z and Beyoncé were fond of each other before they had an "official" relationship. In 1999, Jay-Z directed rapper Amil's "I Got That", a video in which Beyoncé was featured. Destiny's Child was also seen in his "H To The Izzo" video singing some of the rap. There were many appearances like that before 2002.

Other

Principal for a Day

In 2002, Kashmere High School in Houston, Texas hosted Jay-Z as "principal for a day" .

Affiliation with United Nations and MTV to combat global water shortage

After his retirement, Jay-Z has also become involved in philanthropic activity. On August 9 2006, he met with UN Secretary General Kofi Annan at the organization's headquarters in New York. The rapper pledged to use his upcoming world tour to raise awareness of—and combat—global water shortage. Already on the look-out for a way to, in his own words, "become helpful", he had been made aware of this issue during a visit to Africa. The effort takes place in partnership with the UN, as well as MTV, which produced a documentary entitled Diary of Jay-Z: Water for Life, first airing in November 2006.

On November 29,2006 Jay-Z's interview on ABC's NIGHTLINE aired, previewing his relief efforts and how far he has come in the music industry.

Grammy Award history

• Career Nominations: 18
• Career Wins: 5

Discography

For more in depth information of Jay-Z’s musical career including singles, Grammy Awards, album appearances, filmography, and underground releases and remixes see Jay-Z discography.

Albums

Album cover	Album information
File:Jay-ZReasonableDoubt.jpg	Reasonable Doubt Released: June 25, 1996 Chart positions: #23 U.S. Last RIAA description: Platinum Singles: "Ain't No Nigga (feat. Foxy Brown)/Dead Presidents", "Can't Knock the Hustle (feat. Mary J. Blige)", "Feelin' It", "Brooklyn's Finest (feat. Notorious B.I.G.)
	In My Lifetime, Vol. 1 Released: November 4, 1997 Chart positions: #3 U.S. Last RIAA description: 2x Platinum Singles: "The City Is Mine", "Who You Wit", "Wishing on a Star", "Sunshine"
File:StreetsisWatching.jpg	Streets Is Watching Released: May 5, 1998 Chart Positions: #3 U.S. Last RIAA Certification: Platinum Singles: "It's Alright", "In My Lifetime (Remix)", "Murdergram", "Only A Customer", "Love For Free"
	Vol. 2: Hard Knock Life Released: September 29, 1998 Chart positions: #1 U.S. Last RIAA description: 5x Platinum Singles: "Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)", "Money, Cash, Hoes", "Can I Get A ...", "Nigga What, Nigga Who (Originator 99)", "Money Ain't a Thing"
	Vol. 3: Life and Times of S. Carter Released: December 28, 1999 Chart positions: #1 U.S. Last RIAA description: 3x Platinum Singles: "Big Pimpin'", "Do It Again (Put Ya Hands Up)", "Snoopy Track", "Things That U Do"
	The Dynasty: Roc La Familia Released: October 31, 2000 Chart positions: #1 U.S. Last RIAA description: 2x Platinum Singles: "I Just Wanna Love U (Give It 2 Me)", "Change the Game", "Guilty Until Proven Innocent"
File:Jay-z-the-blueprint.jpg	The Blueprint Released: September 11, 2001 Chart positions: #1 U.S., #30 UK Last RIAA description: 2x Platinum Singles: "Izzo (H.O.V.A.)", "Girls, Girls, Girls", "Jigga That Nigga", "Song Cry"
	Unplugged Released: December 18, 2001 Chart positions: #31 US Last RIAA description: Platinum Singles: - "Hard Knock Life", "Girls, Girls, Girls", "Big Pimpin'"
File:Best of Both Worlds.jpg	The Best of Both Worlds (with R. Kelly) Released: May 15, 2002 Chart positions: #2 U.S., #37 UK Last RIAA description: Platinum Singles: "Best of Both Worlds", "Take You Home With Me a.k.a. Body", "Honey"
	The Blueprint 2: The Gift & the Curse Released: November 12, 2002 Chart positions: #1 U.S., #23 UK Last RIAA description: 4x Platinum Singles: "'03 Bonnie & Clyde", ""Excuse Me Miss"
File:Jay-z-black-album.jpg	The Black Album Released: November 14, 2003 Chart positions: #1 U.S., #34 UK Last RIAA description: 4x Platinum Singles: "Change Clothes", "Dirt Off Your Shoulder", "Encore", "99 Problems"
	Unfinished Business (with R. Kelly) Released: October 26, 2004 Chart positions: #1 U.S., #61 UK Last RIAA description: Platinum Singles: "Big Chips", "Don't Let Me Die"
File:Linkin park collision.jpg	Collision Course (with Linkin Park) Released: November 30, 2004 Chart positions: #1 U.S., #15 UK Last RIAA description: 3x Platinum Singles: "Numb/Encore"
File:Jayz-kingdomcome(Front).jpg	Kingdom Come Release: November 21, 2006 Label: Roc-A-Fella Records/Def Jam Recordings Chart Positions: #1 (680,000+) Last RIAA Certification: Gold Singles: "Show Me What You Got", "Kingdom Come", "Lost One"

Filmography

• Streets Is Watching (1998)
• Hard Knock Life (2000)
• State Property (2002)
• Paper Soldiers (2002)
• Fade To Black (2004)
• Diary of Jay-Z: Water for Life (2006)

See also

• Best selling music artists
• List of number-one hits (United States)
• List of artists who reached number one on the Hot 100 (U.S.)
• List of number-one dance hits (United States)
• List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. Dance chart

External links

• Roc-a-Fella Records profile
• Def Jam Records
• S. Carter Academy
• The 40/40 Club
• Rocawear
• Jay-Z at IMDb

References

1. http://www.mtv.com/bands/h/hip_hop_week/2006/emcees/index11.jhtml
2. Jay-Z is said to never write rhymes down on paper on solisstyle.com 3 October 2004
3. Recounted by Jay-Z on the documentary Collision Course DVD. Collision Course. Jay-Z and Linkin Park. Roc-A-Fella/Warner Bros./Machine Shop Recordings. 2004.
4. Jay-Z Reclaims His 'Kingdom' With No. 1 Debut. Billboard.com. Retrieved on November 29 2006.
5. Welte, Jim (2006-09-13). "Jay-Z preps Kingdom Come". MP3.com. Retrieved 2006-09-13. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
6. "Legal Action to be Taken over Jay-Z Single Leak?". World Entertainment News. 2006-10-09. Retrieved 2006-09-13. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
7. "Jay-Z Ends His Retirement With Star-Studded Comeback Album". San Francisco Chronicle. 2006 September 15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
8. Reid, Shaheem (2006-09-14). "Jay-Z's 'Retirement' Is Finally Over: New Album Due In November". MTV News. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
9. Roc-A-Fella Sold To Island Def Jam, AllHipHop.com, 8 December 2004
10. Damon Dash Speaks About Jay-Z, Vibe.com, 10 April 2006
11. Reebok and Jay-Z Create an Unprecedented Demand with the "S. Carter Collection By RbK", 21 April 2003
12. Jay-Z & Audemars Piguet to announce the creation of the Royal Oak Offshore Jay-Z 10th anniversary limited edition timepiece
13. Beyonce's Rapper Lover Is After A Piece Of Arse: Jay-Z's Footie Bid, The Sunday Mirror, 9 October 2005
14. Handlin, Sam. Jay-Z pleads guilty to stabbing record executive. Courttv.com. October 18 2001. Retrieved June 18 2006.
15. Ryan, Harriet. Rapper gets probation for assault charge. Courttv.com. December 6 2001. Retrieved June 18 2006.
16. SFGate.com Daily Dish. January 30 2004. Retrieved June 18 2006
17. http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7003615040 Trouble For Jay Z And Beyonce], Allheadlinenews.com, 17 May 2006
18. Jay-Z helps UN focus on world water crisis, Reuters/Yahoo!, August 9 2006. Retrieved August 10 2006
19. Jay-Z: Moving Beyond Bling to a Battle for Clean Water; A Rap Star Seeks to Help Solve a World Problem, ABC News, November 27 2006. Retrieved November 29 2006

Template:Persondata

• 1969 births
• African American musicians
• American music industry executives
• American rappers
• American dance musicians
• Dance musicians
• People from Brooklyn
• Roc-A-Fella Records artists
• Def Jam Recordings artists
• Living people
• Rappers known by pseudonyms
• Record producers
• Rhythmic Top 40 acts
• Grammy Award winners