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| The first '''duke of Estonia''' <ref>Also known as '''''' or '''''' or ''''''</ref> ({{lang-da|Hertug af Estland}} ) was appointed in 1220 <ref name="DMH">{{cite book |title=Danish Medieval History & Saxo Grammaticus |last=Skyum-Nielsen |first=Niels |year=1981 |publisher=Museum Tusculanum Press |isbn=978-87-88073-30-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUFCkqua7dUC&pg=PA119}}</ref> by ] after Danish conquest of Estonia during ]. The title was resumed by the kings of Denmark since 1269. During the 1266-82 reign of the ] ] the title ''lady of Estonia'' ({{lang-la|Domina Estonie}}) was used.<ref name="DMH"/> | The first '''duke of Estonia''' <ref>Also known as '''''' or '''''' or ''''''</ref> ({{lang-da|Hertug af Estland}} ) was appointed in 1220 <ref name="DMH">{{cite book |title=Danish Medieval History & Saxo Grammaticus |last=Skyum-Nielsen |first=Niels |year=1981 |publisher=Museum Tusculanum Press |isbn=978-87-88073-30-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUFCkqua7dUC&pg=PA119}}</ref> by ] after the Danish conquest of Estonia during the ]. The title was resumed by the kings of Denmark since 1269. During the 1266-82 reign of the ] ], the title ''lady of Estonia'' ({{lang-la|Domina Estonie}}) was used.<ref name="DMH"/> | ||
| In 1332 after ] died his second son ] inherited the title of the duke of Estonia. ] assumed the title in 1338.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.estonica.org/eng/lugu.html?menyy_id=993&kateg=43&alam=80 |title=Overture in Europe |access-date=2008-10-05 |publisher=estonica.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610131754/http://www.estonica.org/eng/lugu.html?menyy_id=993&kateg=43&alam=80 |archive-date=June 10, 2007 }}</ref> | In 1332, after ] died, his second son ] inherited the title of the duke of Estonia. ] assumed the title in 1338.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.estonica.org/eng/lugu.html?menyy_id=993&kateg=43&alam=80 |title=Overture in Europe |access-date=2008-10-05 |publisher=estonica.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610131754/http://www.estonica.org/eng/lugu.html?menyy_id=993&kateg=43&alam=80 |archive-date=June 10, 2007 }}</ref> | ||
| The dukes of Estonia rarely resided in Estonia. To govern the ] the king of Denmark |
The dukes of Estonia rarely resided in Estonia. To govern the ], the king of Denmark and royal counsellors appointed the Lieutenant ({{lang-la|Capitaneus}}), who resided in ].<ref>{{cite book |title=The New Cambridge Medieval History |last=Michael |first=Jones |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-521-36290-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LOS1c0w91AcC&pg=RA1-PA718 }}</ref> | ||
| The king of Denmark sold the duchy to ] in 1346 but ] reassumed the title of duke of Estonia in 1456.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Northern Crusades |last=Christiansen |first=Eric |year=1997 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-026653-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/northerncrusades00eric|url-access=registration |quote=Duke of Estonia. }}</ref> | The king of Denmark sold the duchy to the ] in 1346, but ] reassumed the title of duke of Estonia in 1456.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Northern Crusades |last=Christiansen |first=Eric |year=1997 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-026653-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/northerncrusades00eric|url-access=registration |quote=Duke of Estonia. }}</ref> | ||
| After the ] Estonia became part of ] and the title was gained by kings of Sweden.<ref>{{cite book |title=Research Guide to European Historical Biography |last=Moncure |first=James |year=1992 |publisher=University of Michigan |isbn=978-0-933833-28-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dU8YAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Duke+of+Estonia%22&dq=%22Duke+of+Estonia%22&lr=&ei=7NnmSKvDM5KQzQTJnfWDAQ&pgis=1 }}</ref> Crown Prince ] was Duke of Estonia 1607-1611 before he became King, but then officially abolished all ] in 1618. | After the ], Estonia became part of the ], and the title was gained by kings of Sweden.<ref>{{cite book |title=Research Guide to European Historical Biography |last=Moncure |first=James |year=1992 |publisher=University of Michigan |isbn=978-0-933833-28-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dU8YAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Duke+of+Estonia%22&dq=%22Duke+of+Estonia%22&lr=&ei=7NnmSKvDM5KQzQTJnfWDAQ&pgis=1 }}</ref> Crown Prince ] was Duke of Estonia 1607-1611 before he became King, but then officially abolished all ] in 1618. | ||
| The title was resumed by the Russian ]s after the ] and ] when Estonia became part of ]. The last duke of Estonia ({{lang-ru|Князь Эстляндский}}) was ].<ref>{{cite book |title=Russia as it Really is |last=Joubert |first=Carl |year=1905 |publisher=E. Nash |url=https://archive.org/details/russiaasitreall02joubgoog|page= |quote=Duke of Estland. }}</ref> | The title was resumed by the Russian ]s after the ] and ] when Estonia became part of the ]. The last duke of Estonia ({{lang-ru|Князь Эстляндский}}) was ].<ref>{{cite book |title=Russia as it Really is |last=Joubert |first=Carl |year=1905 |publisher=E. Nash |url=https://archive.org/details/russiaasitreall02joubgoog|page= |quote=Duke of Estland. }}</ref> | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 06:26, 20 February 2021
The first duke of Estonia (Template:Lang-da ) was appointed in 1220 by Valdemar II after the Danish conquest of Estonia during the Livonian crusade. The title was resumed by the kings of Denmark since 1269. During the 1266-82 reign of the queen dowager Margaret Sambiria, the title lady of Estonia (Template:Lang-la) was used.
In 1332, after Christopher II died, his second son Otto inherited the title of the duke of Estonia. Valdemar III assumed the title in 1338.
The dukes of Estonia rarely resided in Estonia. To govern the Duchy of Estonia, the king of Denmark and royal counsellors appointed the Lieutenant (Template:Lang-la), who resided in Reval.
The king of Denmark sold the duchy to the Teutonic Order in 1346, but Christian I reassumed the title of duke of Estonia in 1456.
After the Livonian War, Estonia became part of the Swedish Empire, and the title was gained by kings of Sweden. Crown Prince Gustav Adolph was Duke of Estonia 1607-1611 before he became King, but then officially abolished all Swedish duchies in 1618.
The title was resumed by the Russian tsars after the Great Northern War and Treaty of Nystad when Estonia became part of the Russian Empire. The last duke of Estonia (Template:Lang-ru) was Nicholas II of Russia.
References
- Also known as Duke of Estland or Prince of Estonia or Lord of Estonia
- ^ Skyum-Nielsen, Niels (1981). Danish Medieval History & Saxo Grammaticus. Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 978-87-88073-30-0.
- "Overture in Europe". estonica.org. Archived from the original on June 10, 2007. Retrieved 2008-10-05.
- Michael, Jones (2000). The New Cambridge Medieval History. ISBN 978-0-521-36290-0.
- Christiansen, Eric (1997). The Northern Crusades. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-026653-5.
Duke of Estonia.
- Moncure, James (1992). Research Guide to European Historical Biography. University of Michigan. ISBN 978-0-933833-28-9.
- Joubert, Carl (1905). Russia as it Really is. E. Nash. p. 296.
Duke of Estland.