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| The '''Marquesas hotspot''' is a ] |
The '''Marquesas hotspot''' is a ] province in the central ]. The province comprises of the ], a group of eight main islands and several smaller ones, and a few ]s. The islands and seamounts formed between 5.5 and 0.4 million years ago and constitute the northernmost volcanic chain in ].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Neall |first1=V.E. |last2=Trewick |first2=S.A. |date=2008 |title=The age and origin of the Pacific islands: A geological overview |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2607379/ |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B |volume=363 |issue=1508 |pages=3293-3308 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2008.0119}}</ref> | ||
| There are two competing theories concerning the origins of volcanism associated with the Marquesas hotspot. One view is that the area is underlain by a ], variously thought to have either a deep- or shallow-] source, which has transported hot material to the surface forming the chain of islands and seamounts as the ] has moved in a north-westerly direction over the plume.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Koppers |first1=A.A.P. |last2=Staudigel |first2=H. |last3=Pringle |first3=M.S. |last4=Wijbrans |first4=J.R. |date=2003 |title=Short‐lived and discontinuous intraplate volcanism in the South Pacific: Hot spots or extensional volcanism? |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2003GC000533 |journal=Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems |volume=4 |issue=10 |doi=10.1029/2003GC000533}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Legendre |first1=C. |last2=Maury |first2=R.C. |last3=Blais |first3=S. |last4=Guillou |first4=H. |last5=Cotton | first5=J. |date=2006 |title=Atypical hotspot chains: Evidence for a secondary melting zone below the Marquesas (French Polynesia) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-3121.2006.00681.x |journal=Terra Nova |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=210-216 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3121.2006.00681.x}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chauvel |first1=C. |last2=Maury |first2=R.C. |last3=Blais |first3=S. |last4=Lewin |first4=E. |last5=Giullou | first5=H. |last6=Guille |first6=G. |last7=Rossi |first7=P. |last8=Gutscher |first8=M-A. |date=2012 |title=The size of plume heterogeneities constrained by Marquesas isotopic stripes |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2012GC004123 |journal=Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=210-216 |doi=10.1029/2012GC004123}}</ref> | |||
| Various features of the Marquesas, however, such as the trend of the islands and seamounts, normal heat-flow, and non-fixity of the source<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=D.L. |editor-last1=Foulger |editor-first1=G.R. |editor-last2=Natland |editor-first2=J.H. |editor-last3=Presnall |editor-first3=D.C. |editor-last4=Anderson |editor-first4=D.L. |title=Plates, plumes, and paradigms: Geological Society of America Special Paper 388|publisher=Geological Society of America |date=2005 |pages=31-54 |chapter=Scoring hotspots: The plume and plate paradigms |doi=10.1130/2005.2388(04)}}</ref> are inconsistent with the plume hypothesis and indicate rather a ].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Foulger |first1=G.R. |last2=Natland |first2=J.H. |date=2003 |title=Is "hotspot" volcanism a consequence of plate tectonics? |url=https://science.sciencemag.org/content/300/5621/921|journal=Science |volume=300 |issue=5621 |pages=921-922 |doi= 10.1126/science.1083376}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Foulger |first=G.R. |editor-last1=Foulger |editor-first1=G.R. |editor-last2=Jurdy |editor-first2=D.M. |title=Plates, plumes, and planetary processes: Geological Society of America Special Paper 430 |publisher=The Geological Society of America |date=2007 |pages=1-28 |chapter=The ‘plate’ model for the genesis of melting anomalies |isbn=978-0813724300}}</ref> On this view, volcanism associated with both the Marquesas and other hotspots in the Pacific results from intraplate stresses caused primarily by thermal contraction of the ], ]-driven flow of the ], and changes in the configuration of ]. These processes have created a system of fissures which enable pre-existing melt in the crust and shallow mantle to escape to the surface. The orientation of volcanic chains reflects the evolution of the stress field rather than motion of the Pacific Plate over fixed mantle plumes.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hieronymus |first1=C.F. |last2=Bercovici |first2=D. |date=2000 |title=Non-hotspot formation of volcanic chains: Control of tectonic and flexural stresses on magma transport |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X00002272 |journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters |volume=181 |issue=4 |pages=539-554 |doi=10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00227-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Natland |first1=J.H. |last2=Winterer |first2=E.L. |editor-last1=Foulger |editor-first1=G.R. |editor-last2=Natland |editor-first2=J.H. |editor-last3=Presnall |editor-first3=D.C. |editor-last4=Anderson |editor-first4=D.L. |title=Plates, plumes, and paradigms: Geological Society of America Special Paper 388 |publisher=Geological Society of America |date=2005 |pages=687-710 |chapter=Fissure control on volcanic action in the Pacific |isbn=9780813723884 |doi=10.1130/2005.2388(39)}}</ref> | |||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 17:58, 1 February 2021
The Marquesas hotspot is a volcanic province in the central Pacific Ocean. The province comprises of the Marquesas Islands, a group of eight main islands and several smaller ones, and a few seamounts. The islands and seamounts formed between 5.5 and 0.4 million years ago and constitute the northernmost volcanic chain in French Polynesia.
There are two competing theories concerning the origins of volcanism associated with the Marquesas hotspot. One view is that the area is underlain by a mantle plume, variously thought to have either a deep- or shallow-mantle source, which has transported hot material to the surface forming the chain of islands and seamounts as the Pacific Plate has moved in a north-westerly direction over the plume.
Various features of the Marquesas, however, such as the trend of the islands and seamounts, normal heat-flow, and non-fixity of the source are inconsistent with the plume hypothesis and indicate rather a tectonic origin. On this view, volcanism associated with both the Marquesas and other hotspots in the Pacific results from intraplate stresses caused primarily by thermal contraction of the lithosphere, subduction-driven flow of the asthenosphere, and changes in the configuration of plate boundaries. These processes have created a system of fissures which enable pre-existing melt in the crust and shallow mantle to escape to the surface. The orientation of volcanic chains reflects the evolution of the stress field rather than motion of the Pacific Plate over fixed mantle plumes.
See also
References
- Neall, V.E.; Trewick, S.A. (2008). "The age and origin of the Pacific islands: A geological overview". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B. 363 (1508): 3293–3308. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0119.
- Koppers, A.A.P.; Staudigel, H.; Pringle, M.S.; Wijbrans, J.R. (2003). "Short‐lived and discontinuous intraplate volcanism in the South Pacific: Hot spots or extensional volcanism?". Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 4 (10). doi:10.1029/2003GC000533.
- Legendre, C.; Maury, R.C.; Blais, S.; Guillou, H.; Cotton, J. (2006). "Atypical hotspot chains: Evidence for a secondary melting zone below the Marquesas (French Polynesia)". Terra Nova. 18 (3): 210–216. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3121.2006.00681.x.
- Chauvel, C.; Maury, R.C.; Blais, S.; Lewin, E.; Giullou, H.; Guille, G.; Rossi, P.; Gutscher, M-A. (2012). "The size of plume heterogeneities constrained by Marquesas isotopic stripes". Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 18 (3): 210–216. doi:10.1029/2012GC004123.
- Anderson, D.L. (2005). "Scoring hotspots: The plume and plate paradigms". In Foulger, G.R.; Natland, J.H.; Presnall, D.C.; Anderson, D.L. (eds.). Plates, plumes, and paradigms: Geological Society of America Special Paper 388. Geological Society of America. pp. 31–54. doi:10.1130/2005.2388(04).
- Foulger, G.R.; Natland, J.H. (2003). "Is "hotspot" volcanism a consequence of plate tectonics?". Science. 300 (5621): 921–922. doi:10.1126/science.1083376.
- Foulger, G.R. (2007). "The 'plate' model for the genesis of melting anomalies". In Foulger, G.R.; Jurdy, D.M. (eds.). Plates, plumes, and planetary processes: Geological Society of America Special Paper 430. The Geological Society of America. pp. 1–28. ISBN 978-0813724300.
- Hieronymus, C.F.; Bercovici, D. (2000). "Non-hotspot formation of volcanic chains: Control of tectonic and flexural stresses on magma transport". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 181 (4): 539–554. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00227-2.
- Natland, J.H.; Winterer, E.L. (2005). "Fissure control on volcanic action in the Pacific". In Foulger, G.R.; Natland, J.H.; Presnall, D.C.; Anderson, D.L. (eds.). Plates, plumes, and paradigms: Geological Society of America Special Paper 388. Geological Society of America. pp. 687–710. doi:10.1130/2005.2388(39). ISBN 9780813723884.
| Hotspots | |
|---|---|
| Antarctic plate | |
| African plate | |
| Eurasian plate | |
| Indo-Australian plate | |
| Nazca plate | |
| North American plate | |
| Pacific plate | |
| South American plate | |
| Proposed mechanisms: Mantle plume · Plate theory | |
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