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| '''''Mona Lisa Is A Loser''''', or '''''La Gioconda''''' '''''(La Joconde)''''', is a ] ] on ] wood by ], and is arguably the most famous painting in the world. Few works of art have been subject to as much scrutiny, study, mythologizing and parody. It is owned by the ] and hangs in the ] in ]. The painting, a half-length portrait, depicts a woman whose gaze meets the viewer's with an expression often described as enigmatic. | |||
| == |
== Headline text == | ||
| The Mona LIsa is dumb | |||
| <!-- section name referenced below --> | |||
| The title ''Mona Lisa'' stems from the ] biography of Pablo Picasso, published 31 years after Leonardo's death. In it, he identified the sitter as Lisa Gherardini, the wife of wealthy ] businessman ]. "Mona" was a common ] contraction of "]," meaning "my lady," the equivalent of the English "Madam," so the title means "Madam Lisa". In modern Italian the short form of "madonna" is usually spelled "Monna," so the title is sometimes given as Monna Lisa. This is rare in English, but more common in ]. The alternative title ''La Gioconda'' is the feminine form of Giocondo. In ], ''giocondo'' also means 'light-hearted' ('jocund' in English), so "gioconda" means "light-hearted woman". Because of her smile, this version of the title plays on this double meaning, as does the French "La Joconde". | |||
| Both ''Mona Lisa'' and ''La Gioconda'' became established as titles for this painting in the 19th century. Before these names became established, the painting had been referred to by various descriptive phrases, such as "a certain Florentine lady" and "a courtesan in a gauze veil." | |||
| ==History== | |||
| ===16th century=== | |||
| ]Leonardo began painting the ''Mona Lisa'' in ] and, according to Vasari, completed it in four years. | |||
| Leonardo took the painting from ] to ] in ] when King ] invited the painter to work at the ] near the king's castle in ]. The King bought the painting for 4,000 '']'' and kept it at ], where it remained until moved by Louis XIV. | |||
| Many art historians believe that after Leonardo's death the painting was cut down by having part of the panel at both sides removed. Originally there appear to have been columns on both sides of the figure, as can be seen in early copies.<ref>; </ref> The edges of the bases can still be seen in the original. However, some art historians, such as ], argue that the painting has not been altered, and that the columns depicted in the copies were added by the copyists. There are also copies in which the figure appears nude. | |||
| ===Other versions=== | |||
| It has been suggested that Leonardo created more than one version of the painting. The owners of the version known as the ] claim that it is an original, though the great majority of art historians reject its authenticity. The same claim has been made for a version in the Vernon collection.<ref>http://www.lairweb.org.nz/leonardo/mona.html Leonardo da Vinci</ref> Another version, dating from c.1616 was given in c.] to ] by the ] in exchange for a Reynolds self-portrait. Reynolds thought it to be the real painting and the French one a copy, which has now been disproved. It is, however, useful in that it was copied when the original's colours were far brighter than they are now, and so it gives some sense of the original's appearance 'as new'. It is held in the stores of the ].<ref>Charlotte Higgins, , ], ] ] (accessed on 23rd September 2006)</ref> The nude versions have also led to speculation that they were copied from a lost Leonardo original depicting Lisa naked.<ref>http://www.nigel-cawthorne.com/projects.htm</ref> | |||
| ===17th to 19th century=== | |||
| ] moved the fucking painting to the ]. After the ], it was moved to the Louvre. ] had it moved to his bedroom in the ]; later it was returned to the Louvre. During the ] of ]–], it was moved from the Louvre to a hiding place elsewhere in France. | |||
| The painting was not well-known until the mid-19th century, when artists of the emerging ] movement began to appreciate it, and associated it with their ideas about feminine mystique. Critic ], in his ] essay on Leonardo, expressed this view by describing the figure in the painting as a kind of mythic embodiment of eternal femininity, who is "older than the rocks among which she sits" and who "has been dead many times and learned the secrets of the grave". | |||
| ===20th century to present=== | |||
| ====Theft==== | |||
| The painting's increasing fame was further emphasised when it was ] on ], ]. The next day, ], a painter, walked into the Louvre and went to the Salon Carré where the Mona Lisa had been on display for five years. However, where the Mona Lisa should have stood, in between Correggio's ''Mystical Marriage'' and Titian's ''Allegory of Alfonso d'Avalos'', he found four iron pegs. | |||
| Béroud contacted the section head of the guards, who thought the painting was being photographed. A few hours later, Béroud checked back with the section head of the museum, and it was confirmed that the Mona Lisa was not with the photographers. The Louvre was closed for an entire week to aid in the investigation of the theft. | |||
| On ], avant-garde French poet ], who had once called for the Louvre to be "burnt down", was arrested and put in jail on suspicion of the theft. His friend ] was brought in for questioning, but both were later released. At the time, the painting was believed to be lost forever. It turned out that Louvre employee ] stole it by entering the building during regular hours, hiding in a broom closet and walking out with it hidden under his coat after the museum had closed. Con-man ] master-minded the theft, and had commissioned the French ] ] to make copies of the painting so he could sell them as the missing original. Because he did not need the original for his con, he never contacted Peruggia again after the crime. After keeping the painting in his apartment for two years, Peruggia grew impatient and was caught when he attempted to sell it to a ] art dealer; it was exhibited all over Italy and returned to the Louvre in ]. | |||
| ====Second World War==== | |||
| During ] the painting was again removed from the Louvre and taken to safety, first in ], then in the ] and finally in the Ingres Museum in ]. | |||
| ] | |||
| ====Post-war==== | |||
| In ], the lower part of the painting was severely damaged when someone doused it with acid. On December 30 of that same year, Ugo Ungaza Villegas, a young ], damaged the painting by throwing a rock at it. The result was a speck of pigment near Mona Lisa's left elbow. The painting is now covered with bulletproof security glass. | |||
| From ] ] to March of ], the French government lent it to the ] to be displayed in ] and ] In ], the painting exhibited in ] and ] before being returned to the Louvre. | |||
| Prior to the 1962-63 tour, the painting was assessed for insurance purposes at $100 million. According to the '']'', this makes the ''Mona Lisa'' the most valuable painting ever insured. As an ], it has only recently been surpassed (in terms of actual dollar price) by ]'s '']'', which was sold for $135 Million (£73 million) on ], ]. Although this figure is greater than that which the Mona Lisa was insured for, the comparison does not account for the change in prices due to inflation -- $100 million in 1962 is approximately $645 million in 2005 when adjusted for inflation using the US Consumer Price Index.<ref>E.H. Net. Accessed on June 20, 2006.</ref> | |||
| In 2004 experts from the ] conducted a three-dimensional ] scan. Because of the aging of the varnish on the painting it has been difficult to discern details. Data from the scan and infrared ] were later used by Bruno Mottin of the French Museums' "Center for Research and Restoration" to argue that the transparent gauze veil worn by the sitter is a ], typically used by women while pregnant or just after giving birth. A similar guarnello was painted by ] in his ''Portrait of Smeralda Brandini'' (1470), depicting a pregnant woman (] in London]). Furthermore, this reflectography revealed that Mona Lisa's hair is not loosely hanging down, but seems attached at the back of the head to a bonnet or pinned back into a ] and covered with a veil, bordered with a sombre rolled hem. In the 16th century, hair hanging loosely down on the shoulders, was the customary ] of unmarried young women or prostitutes. This apparent contradiction with her status as a married woman has now been resolved. | |||
| Researchers also used the data to reveal details about the technique used and to predict that the painting will degrade very little if current conservation techniques are continued.<ref>CBC. (2006, September 26) Retrieved on September 27, 2006. </ref> <ref>CNN. (2006, September 26). Retrieved on September 25, 2006.</ref><ref>Edmonton Journal (September 23) Retrieved on September 27, 2006</ref> | |||
| On ], ] — following a period of curatorial maintenance, recording, and analysis — the painting was moved, within the Louvre, to a new home in the museum's Salle des États. It is displayed in a purpose-built, climate-controlled enclosure behind bullet proof glass.<ref>BBC News. (2005, April 6). Retrieved on June 20, 2006.</ref> The Mona Lisa has since undergone a major scientific observation, and it has been proved through infrared cameras she is wearing a bonnet and clenching her chair (something that da Vinci decided to change as an afterthought). | |||
| == Identity of the model == | |||
| ===Lisa Gherardini=== | |||
| Vasari identified the subject to be the wife of socially prominent Francesco del Giocondo, who was a ] merchant of ]. Until recently, little was known about his third wife, Lisa Gherardini, except that she was born in ], raised at her family's Villa Vignamaggio in ] and that she married del Giocondo in ]. | |||
| In 2004, the Italian scholar Giuseppe Pallanti published ''Monna Lisa, Mulier Ingenua'' (literally '"Mona Lisa: Real Woman", published in English under the title ''Mona Lisa Revealed: The True Identity of Leonardo's Model''<ref>Pallanti, G. (2006). Mona Lisa revealed : The true identity of Leonardo's model. Milan: Skira. ISBN 88-7624-659-2</ref>). The book gathered archival evidence in support of the traditional identification of the model as '''Lisa Gherardini'''. According to Pallanti, the evidence suggests that Leonardo's father was a friend of del Giocondo. "The portrait of Mona Lisa, done when Lisa Gherardini was aged about 24, was probably commissioned by Leonardo's father himself for his friends as he is known to have done on at least one other occasion."<ref>Johnston, B. (2004, August 1). ''Telegraph.co.uk.'' Retrieved on June 20, 2006.</ref> Pallanti discovered that Lisa and Francesco had five children and that she outlived her husband. In early ], Pallanti found a death notice in the archives of a Florence church that referred to "the wife of Francesco del Giocondo, deceased ], ], and buried at ]." Sant'Orsola is a convent in Florence. Pallanti ascertains with certainty that this refers to Gherardini. This would make her age at her death to be 63 years.<ref>Associated Press, 19 Jan 2007., ''Yahoo! News.'' Retrieved January 19, 2007.</ref> | |||
| In September 2006, Bruno Mottin argued that the guarnelo he studied using the 2004 scan data suggested that the painting dated from around 1503 and commemorated the birth of Lisa Gherardini's second son.<ref>CNN. (2006, September 26). Retrieved on September 25, 2006.</ref><ref>Edmonton Journal (September 23) Retrieved on September 27, 2006</ref> | |||
| ===Other suggestions=== | |||
| ]''.]] | |||
| Vasari, however, wrote about the portrait, and described it, without ever having seen it; the painting was already in France in Vasari's era. So various alternatives to the traditional sitter have been proposed. During the last years of his life, Leonardo spoke of a portrait "of a certain Florentine lady done from life at the request of the magnificent ]." No evidence has been found that indicates a link between Lisa Gherardini and Giuliano de' Medici, but then the comment could instead refer to one of the two other portraits of women executed by da Vinci. A later anonymous statement created confusion when it linked the ''Mona Lisa'' to a portrait of Francesco del Giocondo himself – perhaps the origin of the controversial idea that it is the portrait of a man. | |||
| Dr. ] of ] suggests that the ''Mona Lisa'' is actually a self-portrait. She supports this theory with the results of a digital analysis of the facial features of Leonardo's face and that of the famous painting. When flipping a self-portrait drawing by Leonardo and then merging that with an image of the ''Mona Lisa'' using a computer, the features of the faces align perfectly. Critics of this theory suggest that the similarities are due to both portraits being painted by the same person using the same style. Additionally, the drawing on which she based the comparison may not be a self-portrait. | |||
| ], in his biography of Leonardo, discusses the possibility that the portrait depicts the artist's mother Caterina. This would account for the resemblance between artist and subject observed by Dr. Schwartz, and would explain why Leonardo kept the portrait with him wherever he travelled, until his death. | |||
| ] ]] | |||
| Art historians have also suggested the possibility that the ''Mona Lisa'' may only resemble Leonardo by accident: as an artist with a great interest in the human form, Leonardo would have spent a great deal of time studying and drawing the human face, and the face most often accessible to him was his own, making it likely that he would have the most experience with drawing his own features. The similarity in the features of the people depicted in paintings such as the ''Mona Lisa'' and '']'' may thus result from Leonardo's familiarity with his own facial features, causing him to draw other, less familiar faces in a similar light. | |||
| The art expert Dr. Henry Pulitzer suggested that the portrait was possibly that of ], duchess of ], a patroness of Da Vinci, and mistress of Giuliano de Medici. D'Avalos, coincidentally, was also nicknamed 'La Gioconda'. | |||
| Maike Vogt-Lüerssen argues that the woman behind the famous smile is ], the ]. Leonardo was the court painter for the Duke of Milan for 11 years. The pattern on ''Mona Lisa's'' dark green dress, Vogt-Lüerssen believes, indicates that she was a member of the ]. Her theory is that the ''Mona Lisa'' was the first official portrait of the new Duchess of Milan, which requires that it was painted in spring or summer ] (and not ]). This theory is allegedly supported by another portrait of ], painted by ], (], ]). | |||
| A newer suggestion comes from some German and Russian students: working by computer, the face of Mona Lisa could be superimposed to the face of the Lady in "La dama coi gelsomini", a portrait by ]. But the Lady in "La dama coi gelsomini" is ], who was Lady of ], in ]. So Mona Lisa is Caterina Sforza. Of course, Leonardo knew Caterina Sforza. | |||
| ] ]] | |||
| == Aesthetics == | |||
| ] | |||
| Leonardo used a pyramid design to place the woman simply and calmly in the space of the painting. Her folded hands form the front corner of the pyramid. Her breast, neck and face glow in the same light that softly models her hands. The light gives the variety of living surfaces an underlying geometry of spheres and circles. Leonardo referred to a seemingly simple formula for seated female figure: the images of seated Madonna, which were widely spread at the time. He effectively modified this formula in order to create the visual impression of distance between the sitter and the observer. The armrest of the chair functions as a dividing element between Mona Lisa and us. The woman sits markedly upright with her arms folded, which is also a sign of her reserved posture. Only her gaze is fixed on the observer and seems to welcome him to this silent communication. Since the brightly lit face is practically framed with various much darker elements (hair, veil, shadows), the observer's attraction to Mona Lisa's face is brought to even greater extent. Thus, the composition of the figure evokes an ambiguous effect: we are attracted to this mysterious woman but have to stay at a distance as if she were a divine creature. There is no indication of an intimate dialogue between the woman and the observer as is the case in the Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione (Louvre) painted by Raphael about ten years after Mona Lisa and undoubtedly influenced by Leonardo's portrait. | |||
| ]] | |||
| The painting was one of the first ]s to depict the sitter before an imaginary landscape. The enigmatic woman is portrayed seated in what appears to be an open ] with dark pillar bases on either side. Behind her a vast landscape recedes to icy mountains. Winding paths and a distant bridge give only the slightest indications of human presence. The sensuous curves of the woman's hair and clothing, created through ], are echoed in the undulating imaginary valleys and rivers behind her. The blurred outlines, graceful figure, dramatic contrasts of light and dark, and overall feeling of calm are characteristic of Leonardo's style. Due to the expressive synthesis that Leonardo achieved between sitter and the landscape it is arguable whether Mona Lisa should be considered as a portrait, for it represents rather an ideal than a real woman. The sense of overall harmony achieved in the painting—especially apparent in the sitter's faint smile— reflects Leonardo's idea of the cosmic link connecting humanity and nature, making this painting an enduring record of Leonardo's vision and genius. | |||
| ] | |||
| Mona Lisa's smile has repeatedly been a subject of many - greatly varying - interpretations. ] interpreted the 'smile' as signifying Leonardo's erotic attraction to his dear mother;<ref> Freud, S. Retrieved on June 20, 2006.</ref> others have described it as both innocent and inviting. | |||
| Many researchers have tried to explain why the smile is seen so differently by people. The explanations range from scientific theories about human vision to curious supposition about ''Mona Lisa's'' identity and feelings. Professor Margaret Livingstone of ] has argued that the smile is mostly drawn in low ], and so can best be seen from a distance or with one's ]<ref>BBC News. (2003, February 18). Retrieved on June 20, 2006.</ref>. Thus, for example, the smile appears more striking when looking at the portrait's eyes than when looking at the mouth itself. Christopher Tyler and Leonid Kontsevich of the ] in ] believe that the changing nature of the smile is caused by variable levels of random noise in human ].<ref>Cohen, P. (2004, June 23). ''New Scientist''. Journal reference: Vision Research (vol 44, p 1493). Retrieved on June 20, 2006.</ref> Dina Goldin, Adjunct Professor at ], has argued that the secret is in the dynamic position of ''Mona Lisa's'' facial muscles, where our mind's eye unconsciously extends her smile; the result is an unusual dynamicity to the face that invokes subtle yet strong emotions in the viewer of the painting.<ref>Goldin, D. (2002, December). ''Brown University Faculty Bulletin''. Retrieved on June 20, 2006.</ref> | |||
| In late 2005, Dutch researchers from the University of Amsterdam ran the painting's image through an "emotion recognition" computer software developed in collaboration with the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The software found the smile to be 83% happy, 9% disgusted, 6% fearful, 2% angry, less than 1% neutral, and not surprised at all. Rather than being a thorough analysis, the experiment was more of a demonstration of the new technology. The faces of ten women of Mediterranean ancestry were used to create a composite image of a neutral expression. Researchers then compared the composite image to the face in the painting. They used a grid to break the smile into small divisions, then checked it for each of six emotions: happiness, surprise, anger, disgust, fear, and sadness. | |||
| ], particularly in the shadows around the eyes]]] | |||
| It is also notable that Mona Lisa has no visible facial hair at all - including eyebrows and eyelashes. Some researchers claim that it was common at this time for genteel women to pluck them off, since they were considered to be unsightly.<ref>Turudich, D. & Welch, L. (2003). Plucked, shaved and braided: Medieval and renaissance beauty and grooming practices 1000-1600. Leicester, England: Streamline Press. ISBN 1-930064-08-X</ref> <ref>McMullen, R. (1975). Mona Lisa: The picture and the myth. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-333-19169-2</ref> Yet it is more reasonable to assume that Leonardo did not finish the painting, for almost all of his paintings are unfinished. Being a perfectionist he always tried to go one step further in improving his technique. Furthermore, other women of the time were predominantly portrayed with eyebrows. For modern viewers the missing eyebrows add to the slightly semi-abstract quality of the face though it was not Leonardo's aim. | |||
| The painting has been restored numerous times; ] examinations have shown that there are three versions of the ''Mona Lisa'' hidden under the present one. The thin ] backing is beginning to show signs of deterioration at a higher rate than previously thought, causing concern from museum curators about the future of the painting. | |||
| == Role in popular culture and avant-garde art== | |||
| {{cleanup-laundry}} | |||
| {{toomuchtrivia}} | |||
| ] | |||
| The ''Mona Lisa'' has acquired an iconic status in ]. In ], ]ist ] started making colorful ] prints of the ''Mona Lisa''. Warhol thus consecrated her as a modern icon, similar to ] or ]. At the same time, his use of a stencil process and crude colors implies a criticism of the debasement of aesthetic values in a society of mass production and mass consumption. Today the ''Mona Lisa'' is frequently reproduced, finding its way on to everything from carpets to mouse pads. | |||
| As a ], the ''Mona Lisa'' has enjoyed countless references in both popular culture and avant-garde art. It has been a subject of many songs, including: | |||
| *"Mona Lisa" (]), a ballad sung by ] comparing his love to the painting, was the #1 ] Pop single for 8 weeks and went on to sell 3 million copies. The song was written by ] and ] for the film ''Captain Carey, USA'' and was awarded an ]. It was later used in the 1986 film ''Mona Lisa''. A cover of the song appears on the Me First and the Gimme Gimmes album ''Take a Break.'' ] released a rewritten ] version in 1959. | |||
| *]'s song "]" (]), which includes the lines "But Mona Lisa must have had the highway blues./You can tell by the way she smiles." | |||
| *"Mona Lisas and Mad Hatters", a song on ]'s ] album, '']''. It rose to #1 in the ] | |||
| *"Mona Lisa", the first track on ] singer ]'s ] album, '']''. The album rose to#1 on the ] Top Country Albums chart.<ref>Vitous, P., Pikora, V., Frantik, F., & Gololobov, M. (completion). (1999-2006). Retrieved on June 20, 2006.</ref> | |||
| *"Mona Lisa", a song on ] performer ]'s ] album, '']''. The album rose to#1 on the ] Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums chart. | |||
| *"Mona Lisa", is the first track on rock singer ]'s ] album, '']''. | |||
| *"A Mona Lisa", an unreleased song by the ] ]. It was written by ] ] and recorded in ].<ref>Fuss, R. (compiler). (2002, June 16). Retrieved on June 20, 2006.</ref> | |||
| *"Mona Lisa", a song by the ] ] band ] suggests her smile is the result of the singer's hand underneath her skirt.<ref>Unheilig. (2003). . Official website. Retrieved on June 21, 2006. (Choose "Das 2. Gebot" under "LYRICS"). An audio sample can be heard at ASIN B00008K4EL</ref><ref>Unheilig. (2003). . Retrieved on June 21, 2006.</ref> | |||
| *"Mona Lisa", a rare song by ]. The song tells of a legendary female icon named "Mona Lisa" who has fallen from grace and is simply remembered for being mysterious and enigmatic, much like the painting. Interpretations of the lyrics have led to the comparisons between the ''Mona Lisa'' and Spears' career. | |||
| *"You're the Top" by ], includes the line 'you're the smile on the Mona Lisa'. | |||
| * ]'s 1999 hit song "]" featuring ] featured the line "My muñequita, my Spanish Harlem Mona Lisa". Smooth was a song written by Thomas about his wife of Spanish background, Marisol Maldonado. | |||
| *"Black Mona Lisa" was one of the singles from ]'s album "Learning from falling". It is a homage to her mother and the strength and self-worth that she gave her. | |||
| *"Mona Lisa" is a track off of the Japanese band ]'s minialbum "Sayonara da Vinci." | |||
| *"I've painted my own Mona Lisa" is a lyric of the song "Blind Faith" by progressive rock band ]. | |||
| *"Mona Lisa" is a track off of ]'s 1995 album, "Parachute." | |||
| There have been many films, inspired by the painting that used variations of ''La Gioconda'' and ''Mona Lisa'' as titles. Some of these are about the painting itself, while others, such as the ] comedy drama '']'' or the ] ] drama '']'' with ] are about women whose characters were inspired by the painting. | |||
| ]ist ].]] | |||
| The ] art world has also taken note of the undeniable fact of the ''Mona Lisa's'' popularity. Because of the painting's overwhelming stature, ] and ] often produce modifications and ]s. In ], ], one of the most influential ], made a ''Mona Lisa'' ] by adorning a cheap reproduction with a moustache and a goatee, as well as adding the rude inscription L.H.O.O.Q., when read out loud in ] sounds like "Elle a chaud au cul" (translating to "she has a hot arse" as a manner of implying the woman in the painting is in a state of sexual excitement and availability). This was intended as a ] joke, referring to Leonardo's alleged ]. According to Rhonda R. Shearer, the apparent reproduction is in fact a copy partly modelled on Duchamp's own face.<ref>de Martino, M. (2003). Retrieved on June 20, 2006.</ref> ], famous for his pioneering ] work, painted ''Self portrait as Mona Lisa'' in ]. | |||
| Many works played, often in a humorous way, on the mysteries and controversies of ''Mona Lisa's'' history. Fantastic theories and conspiracies are often entertained by authors of fiction. | |||
| In ], science fiction/fantasy author ] published a short story titled "The Smile", which dealt with the reaction of people in a dystopic future to the ''Mona Lisa''. The story places the painting on canvas, while the real painting is on poplar wood. | |||
| In a 1965 episode of '']'' entitled "The Buccaneer", an art thief named Logan plans to steal ''La Gioconda'' from the ] warship transporting it on a world tour. | |||
| In a 1965 episode of ] entitled "The Night of the Torture Chamber" a mad art collector plans to replace a United States Governor with a double, then ransack the state's treasury in order to buy ''La Gioconda'' from the French Government. | |||
| In '']'', there's two pictures of Mona Lisa both in Black-and-white and one of them is in reverse. | |||
| ]'s ] humorous short story "The Giaconda Caper", published in his collection "]", suggests that the painting is part of a sequence which together forms a brief ], and that ] even created a machine to view them. | |||
| The ] serial '']'' in the science fiction television series '']'' revolves around da Vinci making copies of the ''Mona Lisa''. The story suggests that the painting now in the Louvre is painted on top of the message "This is a fake" written in modern felt tip pen. | |||
| A ] episode of the classic anime '']'' entitled "Mona Lisa Smiles Twice" finds Lupin and his gang attempting to steal the ''Mona Lisa''. After many attempts gone wrong, he finally succeeds at the end of the episode, only to discover a curator at the Louvre, to protect the original, began painting perfect replicas for tours and display. However, the curator has painted so many that even he does not know which is the original ''Mona Lisa'' from all of the duplicates | |||
| ], ], ], and ] at an unveiling of the Mona Lisa]] | |||
| A ] episode of "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes", '']'', features Holmes' nemesis, ], stealing the Mona Lisa and making copies of it to sell as originals. In the show, the thief rolls the Mona Lisa up into a tube, which should not be possible if the painting is on poplar. | |||
| The ] Bruce Willis film ] opens with a scene set in the past, featuring Leonardo da Vinci. In this scene, he mulls over finishing the Mona Lisa, which is complete except for the mouth. The model he is using smiles, revealing extremely bad teeth, which likely prompted him to finish the painting with her smiling as she does. | |||
| '']'', a ] novel by ] and ], features a character called ] who owns the original cartoon of the ''Mona Lisa'' and displays it as the only piece of art in his ] flat. Crowley is a demon who has been on Earth since the Fall of Man. He met da Vinci in 16th Century Italy and obtained the cartoon whilst drinking with the polymath. Leonardo and Crowley agree that the cartoon is superior to the finished version ("I got the bloody smile all right in the roughs"). | |||
| In the ] '']'' episode "'']''", an alien who is an obsessive collector owns the ''Mona Lisa''. He also acquires the android ], who tries to imitate the painting's smile. | |||
| In the ] movie ] starring ] as Carmine Sabatini, ] as Clark Kellogg , and ] as Carmine Sabatini’s daughter Tina Sabatini. When Clark Kellog visits Tina Sabatini in Carmine’s home he finds the Mona Lisa above the fireplace. On Clark’s comment on the quality of the copying work (“full of little cracks and everything”), Tina tells him it is the real Mona Lisa, while a copy hangs in the ] (“The one they shipped back to ], the one behind all that thick glass, the one that all the tourists take the pictures of, that’s the copy.“). Supposedly the painting was switched when it ]. (This puts the movie in the 1972 or 1973 timeframe.) | |||
| Then Tina and Clark dance in front of the Mona Lisa on the music of "MONA LISA" (Written by ] and ], Performed by ]). Near the end of the film Tina and Clark dance again on the music of "MONA LISA" (Written by ] and ], this time performed by ]). | |||
| ], the late ]-] ] ], published a book in ] entitled ''My Life in Chess: The Search for La Gioconda.'' In ], a revised edition entitled ''Chess: The Search for the Mona Lisa'' was released. In the book, Gufeld discussed his quest to play the perfect chess masterpiece. He felt that he had realized this dream in his famous ] ]. | |||
| An episode of the ] cartoon '']'' revolves around the making of a musical play about the painting coming to life and Leonardo having to find her. | |||
| The ] ] cartoon "Louvre Come Back To Me!", starring ], features the ''Mona Lisa'' in the finale; as Le Pew's visible odor reaches the painting, it comes to life and says, "I can tell you chaps one thing: it's not always easy to hold this smile." This cartoon was also edited into the compilation feature '']''. | |||
| In one '']'' sketch with '']'', they both wondered why Mona Lisa didn't smile on the painting. | |||
| In one '']'' cartoon, the Pink Panther changes the Mona Lisas' smile when the artist made her frown. | |||
| The ], ] edition of '']'' ran for its cover Dean Rohrer's Mona Monica,<ref>Baron, R. (n.d.). Mona Lisa images for a modern world. Retrieved on June 20, 2006.</ref> an amalgamation of the ''Mona Lisa'' and ]. | |||
| In a sketch on ], ] was auctioning some artworks of which the Mona Lisa was one of. He "enhanced the value" by drawing a mustache on the painting, and entitling it, "Chopper Lisa". | |||
| In ]’s ] ] '']'', the ''Mona Lisa'' is found by the ], a group who seek out people who have "feelings". Since emotion is outlawed in the future in this film, those who refuse to take drugs that inhibit the ability to feel are hunted down. Most who refuse to take the drugs are holed up in the outer rim of the city and collect and protect art (and other emotion-generating media such as recordings of music) with their lives seeing it as something precious. The ''Mona Lisa'' is found and burned by flamethrowers as ] John Preston finds the painting along with other artifacts securely hidden in a hidden compartment. | |||
| The painting features significantly in '']'', a popular ] written by ] in ] and, much more briefly, a film released on ], ] (directed by ], starring ], ], ] and ]). In the novel, Brown's protagonist, Harvard professor ], claims that the painting expresses Leonardo's belief in the "]" and that the title is a coded reference to the Egyptian gods ] and ], "Mona" being an anagram of the former and "Lisa" being a contraction of l'Isa, meaning Isis. This hidden reference is supposed to signify Leonardo's secret opposition to orthodox Christianity and belief in the ideal union of masculine and feminine principles, as does the sitter's androgynous features. Another observation made in the book is the presence of an uneven horizon. The horizon is significantly lower on the left side, making the subjet herself appear smaller when the right side is covered, and vice versa. The left traditionally is meant to signify male, while the right means female. In this context he also refers to the self-portrait theory. In the film these ideas are not expressed. | |||
| In the ] comedy '']'', stuntman DJ Drake (]) looks through an embedded "X-ray" lens in a playing card — a queen of diamonds with ''Mona Lisa'' as Queen — to examine the original ''Mona Lisa'' at the Louvre, discovering a hidden map under the painting. | |||
| The titles of two episodes of '']'' were ] of the painting's title ('']'' and '']'', respectively). | |||
| One of the things that the dwarves in ] steal is the ''Mona Lisa''. | |||
| In the video games '']'' and '']'', the Famous Painting depicts the ''Mona Lisa''. | |||
| In the video game '']'', Mona works in a pizza store called ''Mona Pizza''. Its logo shows a Mona-like girl in a Mona Lisa-like pose. | |||
| In the video game '']'' there are twin characters named 'Mona' and 'Lisa'. 'Lisa' dies in the first game and 'Mona' is a main character in the sequel '']''. | |||
| ''The Case of The Missing Masterpiece'' from the 1988-1989 animated series ] shows ] sending his crooks out to steal the Mona Lisa so he can start his own stolen art collection with it. The C.O.P.S. team must put a stop to this caper and return the stolen painting back to where it belongs. | |||
| In "Looney Tunes: Back in Action" the video game, there exists a level called "The Louvre" and close inspection of the surroundings can reveal the Mona Lisa painting. | |||
| The time-travel card game ] features cards representing three versions of the Mona Lisa: The Real Thing, an Excellent Forgery, and an Obvious Forgery (which, in later versions of the game, sports a ]). | |||
| You can find the Mona Lisa within the ] attraction ]. | |||
| A reproduction of the Mona Lisa was discovered painted onto a hillside near ] on August 15th, 2006. It was created by artist Samuel Clemens using a tarp stencil and water-based paint. | |||
| In the first episode of "Where on Earth is Carmen Sandiego?": "The Stolen Smile." Carmen Sandiego steals the smile right off the painting.. Also in the second episode of the first season of the game show, ], Vic the Slick steals the Mona Lisa. He saws it off, but Vic does the impossible roll-up as usual. In a mission in the "Where in Time is Carmen Sandiego/Carmen's Great Time Case" computer game, you help Leonardo Di Vinci to make the "Mona Lisa" model laugh. | |||
| Parody and imitative versions of the Mona Lisa include a cow, gorilla, mouse, rabbit, and ] as Mona Lisa . | |||
| In the 1985 the ] trading cards, created by ], had two parodies of the Mona Lisa. They were released in the 2nd Series - Card Number 67a was Phony Lisa, Card 67b was Mona Loser. | |||
| The 1998 movie ] starring ] included Leonardo da Vinci as the character of the "fairy godmother" to Barrymore's "Cinderella". The movie includes a scene where da Vinci has been robbed on his way to the castle and asks the Prince to save a painting taken by a gypsy. When the prince returns the painting to da Vinci, Leonardo shows the prince the painting, which is the Mona Lisa (on canvas). | |||
| In ], Mona and Other Tales, the title story centers around the Mona Lisa that is on loan from the Louvre in an exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum. In it she leaves the painting and is a sex fiend who picks up a young Cuban exile working the night shift as a security guard at a Wendy's restaurant in Times Square. The young man who is completely ignorant of Leonardo and his famous painting eventually discovering an uncanny resemblance between his mysterious eyelash less girlfriend and the priceless portrait he figures it means that she's rich and can buy him his own Wendy's. That is of course until Elisa as she calls herself lures her victim to a town in upstate New York and threatens him with a dagger. As they make love, Elisa morphs into Leonardo who has become immortal by merging with this most famous and loved painting. Narrowly escaping he attempts to destroy the painting with a hammer to prevent it from attacking him once more but before he can do so he is arrested and believed to be insane. In custody he mysteriously commits suicide by apparently strangling himself with his bare hands. | |||
| In the 2004 book, ] by Paul Kidby, the cover shows the "Mona Ogg", a famous painting by Leonard of Quirm that is a parody of the Mona Lisa. | |||
| ==Notes== | |||
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| <!--READ ME!! PLEASE DO NOT JUST ADD NEW NOTES AT THE BOTTOM. See the instructions above on ordering. --> | |||
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| ==See also== | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| == External links == | |||
| {{Commonscat|Mona Lisa}} | |||
| * , an ad-supported ] student website dedicated to the Mona Lisa painting | |||
| * | |||
| * , from the ] website for ''Treasures Of The World'' | |||
| * , an April 2004 ] article | |||
| * , another ] article | |||
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| * , ''Cosmos'' magazine, September 2006 | |||
| * Lots of parody pictures of Mona Lisa. | |||
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Revision as of 13:41, 27 January 2007
Headline text
The Mona LIsa is dumb