Misplaced Pages

Revision as of 02:51, 22 August 2021

This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (April 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Banū Hāshim (Template:Lang-ar) is the clan of the Quraysh tribe, to which the Islamic prophet Muhammad belonged; his great-grandfather was Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, after whom the clan is named. Members of this clan are referred to as Hashemites or al-Hashimi, Descendants of Muhammad and his Ahl al-Bayt usually carry the titles Ashraf clan (synonymous to Ahl al-Bayt or the Sayyid/Sharif), Al-Hashimi‚ Al-Alawiyya/Al-Abbasi (non-Ashraf parts of the Ahl al-Bayt).

History

Traditionally, the tribe is named after Hāshim ibn Abdul Manan. He was married to Salma bint Amr of Banu Najjar, an Israelite clan.

Amongst pre-Islamic Arabs, people classified themselves according to their tribe, their clan, and then their house/family. There were two major tribal kinds: the Adnanites (descended from Adnan, traditional ancestor of the Arabs of northern, central and western Arabia) and the Qahtanites (originating from Qahtan, the traditional ancestor of the Arabs of southern and south eastern Arabia). Banu Hashim is one of the clans of the Quraysh tribe, and is an Adnanite tribe. It derives its name from Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, the great-grandfather of Muhammad, and along with the Banu Abd Shams, Banu Al-Muttalib, and Banu Nawfal clans comprises the Banu Abd al-Manaf section of the Quraysh.

The House of Abdul-Muttalib of Banu Hashim comprised nobility in pre-Islamic Mecca. This was based on their hereditary duty to act as stewards and caretakers of the pilgrims coming to Mecca to worship at the Kaaba, the sacred shrine that in Islamic tradition was built by Ibrahim (Abraham) and his first-born son and heir Ismail (Ishmael) was a Monotheist site of worship.

With time, the Kaaba had come to be occupied by some hundreds of idols. Visiting of these idols by the different tribes caused traffic which added considerably to the wealth of the merchants of Mecca, which also benefited from its position astride the caravan routes from Yemen (Arabia Felix) up to the Mediterranean markets.

It was into the House 'Abd al-Muttalib of Banu Hashim of Quraysh that Muhammad was born. At the age of 40, his establishment of Islam set him at odds with the established powers in Mecca. His membership of the 'top house, of the top clan' (in terms of prestige and power) was a factor (according to Islamic tradition) through which God kept him safe from assassination during the early years of his mission, as a number of his uncles would not countenance any such insult to their so-called clan honour. After 13 years, the Muslim community of Mecca migrated (made Hijrah) to the city of Yathrib (which subsequently became known as Medina) to avoid their often murderous persecution by the non-believers of Mecca. With the conquest of Mecca, the city was captured by the army of Islam. The Kaabah was cleansed of idols and became the centre of pilgrimage for Muslims, once again the centre of pure Abrahamic monotheism. (It is illegal for non-Muslims to enter an area designated surrounding the city of Mecca).

The two major lines of descent of Muhammad are those of his two grandsons, Al-Hasan and Al-Husain, born of the union of his daughter Fatimah and his cousin and son-in-law Ali. Muhammad besought the love of the Muslims on his grandsons, thus their descendants have become spiritual aristocracy among the Muslims. The descendants of the Banu Hashim are known by the titles of Saiyed, Sayed, Sayyid, Syed and Sharif.

In the 19th Century CE, to try to resolve the confusion surrounding the descendants of Muhammad, the Ottoman Caliphs attempted to replicate the Almanach de Gotha (the tome listing the noble houses of Europe) to show known and verifiable lines of descent. Although not 100% complete in its scope the resulting Kitab al-Ashraf (Book of the Sharifs), kept at the Topkapı Palace in Istanbul is one of the best sources of evidence of descent from Muhammad. The Alids (the term given to the descendants of Muhammad via his daughter Fatima and Ali) lines of descent produced many once, current (and future) reigning dynasties across the Islamic imperium, amongst these stand:

Dynasties

The following Royal and Imperial dynasties claim descent from Hashim:

Europe

• Hummudid Dynasty (through Idris ibn Abdullah)

Arabia

• Hashemite Dynasty (through Qatadah ibn Idris)
• Abbasid Dynasty of the Abbasid Empire (through Abbas ibn Muttalib)
• Fatimid Dynasty of the Fatimid Dynasty including the later Agha Khans. (through Ismail ibn Jafar)
• Rassid Dynasty of Yemen (through Ibrahim al Jamr bin Hassan al Muthanna)
• Mutawakkilite Dynasty of Yemen (through Ibrahim al Jamr bin Hassan al Muthanna as cadets of the Rassid Dynasty)

Africa

• Alaouite Dynasty of Morocco (through Muhammad Nafs az zakiyah bin Abdullah al Kamal )
• Idrisid Dynasty of West Africa (through Idris ibn Abdullah)
• Senussi Dynasty of Libya (through Idris ibn Abdullah as cadets of the Idrisid Dynasty)
• Ishaqids:
  • Tolje'lo Dynasty of the Isaaq Sultanate (through Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed)
  • Guled Dynasty of the Isaaq Sultanate (through Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed)
  • Ainanshe Dynasty of the Habr Yunis Sultanate (through Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed)

Indo-Persia:

• Alid of Tabaristan (through Zayd bin Hassan al Muthana)
• Zaydi Dynasty of Tabaristan (through Zayd ibn Ali)
• Barha Dynasty Including the later Nawabs of Samballhera (through Zayd ibn Ali)
• Rohilla Dynasty including the later Nawabs of Rampur (through Zayd ibn Ali as Cadets of the Barha Dynasty)
• The Agha Khans (Through Ismail ibn Jafar as cadets of the Fatimid Dynasty)
• Daudpota Dynasty including the later Nawabs of Bhawalpur and Sindh (Kalhora) (through Abbas ibn Muttalib)
• The Sultans of Mysore (through Qatadah ibn Idris as cadets of the Hashemite Dynasty)
• Sabzwari Dynasty (through Ali al Reza)
• Najafi Dynasty of Bengal. Including the later Nawabs of Murshidabad and the Tabatabai family of Iran (through Ibrahim Tabataba ibn Ismail al Dibaj)

East Asia

• Sultans of Siak (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai)
• Bendahara Dynasty of Pahang and Terengannu (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai)
• Bolkiah Dynasty of Brunei (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai)
• Jamal al layl dynasty of Perak and Perlis (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai)
• Sultans of Pontianak (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai)
• House of Temenggong of Johor (as cadet branches of Bendahara Dynasty)

Family tree

• Note that direct lineage is marked in bold.

See also

• Non-Muslims who interacted with Muslims during Muhammad's era
• Abbasid dynasty
• Abbasid architecture
• Hashmi
• Sayyid
• Awan (tribe)
• Husseini
• Abbasid Caliphate
• Family tree of Muhammad
• Quraysh

References

1. The Agrarian System of Islam Muḥammad Taqī Amīnī Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli, 1991
2. Reuven Firestone (1990). Journeys in Holy Lands: The Evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael Legends in Islamic Exegesis. p. 72. ISBN 9780791403310.
3. Göran Larsson (2003). Ibn García's Shuʻūbiyya Letter: Ethnic and Theological Tensions in Medieval al-Andalus. p. 170. ISBN 9004127402.
4. Al-Mubarakpuri, Safi-ur-Rahman (2002). The Sealed Nectar (Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum). Darussalam. p. 30. ISBN 1591440718.
5. http://asfa-widiyanto-scholarly.blogspot.com/
6. Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 236. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
7. Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 238. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
8. Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 235. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
9. Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 235. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
10. Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 235. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
11. Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 235. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
12. ^ I. M. Lewis, A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa, (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p. 157.
13. Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 238. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
14. Abul Fazl (2004). The Āʼīn-i Akbarī (2nd ed.). Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9693515307.
15. Khan, Muhammad Najm-ul-Ghani (1918). Akhbar-us-Sanadeed, vol. 1. Lucknow: Munshi Nawal Kishore. pp. 79–83 (85–89).
16. Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
17. Punjab States Gazetteers Bahawalpur State Vol.36 (Volume 36 ed.). 1908. p. 47.
18. Khan, Shah Nawaz (1952). Maasir al Umara. Calcutta: Calcutta Oriental Press. pp. 259–262.
19. Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
20. Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.

External links

• Ba'Alawi (Al Husayni Al Hashimi Al Qurayshi) Sadah of Hadhramaut
• Banu Hashim - Before the Birth of Islam

Genealogy of the Hashemite Banu Abbas. https://bani-alabbas.com/

• Banu Hashim
• Tribes of Arabia
• Family of Muhammad
• Hashemite people
• Sunni Islam