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| In 2007, Göran Larsson<!-- Do not wikilink ], who is not the same person -->, Professor of Religious Studies at ], argued that WikiIslam is an ] web portal,{{efn|Larsson's 2007 view was summarized by Ruth Tsuria, an expert on the intersection of digital media and religion:<ref>{{Cite web|last=University|first=Seton Hall|date=2017-08-03|title=Profile Ruth Tsuria|url=https://www.shu.edu/profiles/RuthTsuria.cfm|access-date=2021-12-26|website=Seton Hall University|language=en}}</ref> "Larsson argues that WikiIslam takes a closed attitude in its understanding of Islam, and so should be seen as an Islamophobic web portal."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tsuria |first=Ruth |date=2013-01-01 |title=The video Three Things About Islam: Islamophobia online or a religious dialogue |url=https://journal.fi/scripta/article/view/67442 |journal=Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis |volume=25 |pages=225 |doi=10.30674/scripta.67442 |issn=2343-4937 |doi-access=free}}</ref> However, Larsson conceded that since WikiIslam contained a list of links to other websites—such as that of the ]—, it was difficult to argue that ''all'' information posted on the site was Islamophobic.<ref name="CIWI" />{{rp|63}}}} and that the stories on WikiIslam were selected only to show that Muslims are "ignorant, backward or even stupid".<ref name="CIWI" />{{rp|59|quote=My impression is that the stories reported by WikiIslam have merely been selected to show that Muslims are ignorant, backward or even stupid.}} In a 2014 survey of "anti-Muslim websites",<ref name="Breivik" />{{rp|161}} Larsson profiled WikiIslam's apparent aim as "present Islamic history, theology, and practitioners in a way which leaves the reader with an exceedingly negative image of the faith".<ref name="Breivik" />{{rp|162}} He repeated his position in 2018, citing WikiIslam as an example of an "anti-Muslim webpage."<ref name="Larsson2018" /> | In 2007, Göran Larsson<!-- Do not wikilink ], who is not the same person -->, Professor of Religious Studies at ], argued that WikiIslam is an ] web portal,{{efn|Larsson's 2007 view was summarized by Ruth Tsuria, an expert on the intersection of digital media and religion:<ref>{{Cite web|last=University|first=Seton Hall|date=2017-08-03|title=Profile Ruth Tsuria|url=https://www.shu.edu/profiles/RuthTsuria.cfm|access-date=2021-12-26|website=Seton Hall University|language=en}}</ref> "Larsson argues that WikiIslam takes a closed attitude in its understanding of Islam, and so should be seen as an Islamophobic web portal."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tsuria |first=Ruth |date=2013-01-01 |title=The video Three Things About Islam: Islamophobia online or a religious dialogue |url=https://journal.fi/scripta/article/view/67442 |journal=Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis |volume=25 |pages=225 |doi=10.30674/scripta.67442 |issn=2343-4937 |doi-access=free}}</ref> However, Larsson conceded that since WikiIslam contained a list of links to other websites—such as that of the ]—, it was difficult to argue that ''all'' information posted on the site was Islamophobic.<ref name="CIWI" />{{rp|63}}}} and that the stories on WikiIslam were selected only to show that Muslims are "ignorant, backward or even stupid".<ref name="CIWI" />{{rp|59|quote=My impression is that the stories reported by WikiIslam have merely been selected to show that Muslims are ignorant, backward or even stupid.}} In a 2014 survey of "anti-Muslim websites",<ref name="Breivik" />{{rp|161}} Larsson profiled WikiIslam's apparent aim as "present Islamic history, theology, and practitioners in a way which leaves the reader with an exceedingly negative image of the faith".<ref name="Breivik" />{{rp|162}} He repeated his position in 2018, citing WikiIslam as an example of an "anti-Muslim webpage."<ref name="Larsson2018" /> | ||
| In 2013, Daniel Enstedt and Larsson wrote that the website has been "often perceived as being anti-Muslim, if not Islamophobic"<ref name="CyberOrient" />{{rp|65|quote=For highlighting negative and biased perceptions about Islam and Muslims, the site is often perceived as being anti-Muslim, if not Islamophobic.}} and described the then-present content on WikiIslam as that which could "easily be turned into an important weapon in the hands of those who want to express anti-Muslim feelings and so constitute an important element in an Islamophobic world view that presents Islam and Muslims as diametrically opposite to all other world views."<ref name="CyberOrient" /> Both Enstedt and Larrson have considered WikiIslam's selection and presentation of Islamic topics to be "very one-dimensional" with "alternative interpretations seldom represented".<ref name="CyberOrient" />{{rp|64–65|quote=Quotes are taken from Islamic sources and sayings from Muslim spokespersons and therefore presented as authentic, but selection and presentation of the material remains very one-dimensional, and alternative interpretations are seldom represented.}}<ref name="Breivik" />{{rp|162|quote=The focus, in other words, is on violence, sexuality and gender conflicts, leaving WikiIslam's potential visitors without easy access to material that might counterbalance its narrowly-focused view and/or convey the fact that Muslim theologians hold differing opinions about many of the site's topics.}} Enstedt again identified WikiIslam as a website containing anti-Muslim rhetoric in 2018.<ref name="InOutIslam" /> | In 2013, Daniel Enstedt and Larsson wrote that the website has been "often perceived as being anti-Muslim, if not Islamophobic"<ref name="CyberOrient" />{{rp|65|quote=For highlighting negative and biased perceptions about Islam and Muslims, the site is often perceived as being anti-Muslim, if not Islamophobic.}} and described the then-present content on WikiIslam as that which could "easily be turned into an important weapon in the hands of those who want to express anti-Muslim feelings and so constitute an important element in an Islamophobic world view that presents Islam and Muslims as diametrically opposite to all other world views."<ref name="CyberOrient" /> Both Enstedt and Larrson have considered WikiIslam's selection and presentation of Islamic topics to be "very one-dimensional" with "alternative interpretations seldom represented".<ref name="CyberOrient" />{{rp|64–65|quote=Quotes are taken from Islamic sources and sayings from Muslim spokespersons and therefore presented as authentic, but selection and presentation of the material remains very one-dimensional, and alternative interpretations are seldom represented.}}<ref name="Breivik" />{{rp|162|quote=The focus, in other words, is on violence, sexuality and gender conflicts, leaving WikiIslam's potential visitors without easy access to material that might counterbalance its narrowly-focused view and/or convey the fact that Muslim theologians hold differing opinions about many of the site's topics.}} Enstedt again identified WikiIslam as a website containing anti-Muslim rhetoric in 2018.<ref name="InOutIslam" /> The same year, WikiIslam was noted to feature slurs about Muhammad.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=O'Brian |first=Peter |date=2018 |title=Islamophobia & Europhobia: Expanding Rhetorics of Exclusion |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=698049 |journal=Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov, Series IV: Philology & Cultural Studies |language=English |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=16 |issn=2066-768X}}</ref> | ||
| In 2019, Asma Uddin, advisor on religious liberty to ] and a fellow at the ],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Affairs|first=Berkley Center for Religion, Peace and World|title=Asma Uddin|url=https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/people/asma-uddin|access-date=2021-12-26|website=berkleycenter.georgetown.edu|language=en}}</ref> reiterated WikiIslam to be a "rampantly anti-Muslim website".<ref name="Uddin" /> The same year, Syaza Shukri, Professor of Political Sciences at ], deemed the lack of positive content on WikiIslam to demonstrate a "definite agenda": the promotion of a monolithic version of Islam—violent, oppressive, and unrepresentative of "how a majority of Muslims view their religion".<ref name="Shukri">{{cite journal |last1=Shukri |first1=Syaza Farhana Mohamad |title=The Perception of Indonesian Youths toward Islamophobia: An Exploratory Study |journal=Islamophobia Studies Journal |date=2019 |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=61–75 |doi=10.13169/islastudj.5.1.0061 |jstor=10.13169/islastudj.5.1.0061 |s2cid=213425625 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.13169/islastudj.5.1.0061 |issn=2325-8381 |quote=Larsson (2007) did a research on Islamophobia on the Internet, specifically the anti-Islam portal WikiIslam. Unlike Misplaced Pages, WikiIslam only produces content that are critical to Islam. While the owner does not consider the website to be a hate site, the fact that there is nothing positive about Islam on it proves that it has a definite agenda.... WikiIslam is of course promoting Islam as a monolithic religion that is violent and oppressive, and more importantly, does not represent how a majority of Muslims view their religion.}}</ref>{{rp|65}} | In 2019, Asma Uddin, advisor on religious liberty to ] and a fellow at the ],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Affairs|first=Berkley Center for Religion, Peace and World|title=Asma Uddin|url=https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/people/asma-uddin|access-date=2021-12-26|website=berkleycenter.georgetown.edu|language=en}}</ref> reiterated WikiIslam to be a "rampantly anti-Muslim website".<ref name="Uddin" /> The same year, Syaza Shukri, Professor of Political Sciences at ], deemed the lack of positive content on WikiIslam to demonstrate a "definite agenda": the promotion of a monolithic version of Islam—violent, oppressive, and unrepresentative of "how a majority of Muslims view their religion".<ref name="Shukri">{{cite journal |last1=Shukri |first1=Syaza Farhana Mohamad |title=The Perception of Indonesian Youths toward Islamophobia: An Exploratory Study |journal=Islamophobia Studies Journal |date=2019 |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=61–75 |doi=10.13169/islastudj.5.1.0061 |jstor=10.13169/islastudj.5.1.0061 |s2cid=213425625 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.13169/islastudj.5.1.0061 |issn=2325-8381 |quote=Larsson (2007) did a research on Islamophobia on the Internet, specifically the anti-Islam portal WikiIslam. Unlike Misplaced Pages, WikiIslam only produces content that are critical to Islam. While the owner does not consider the website to be a hate site, the fact that there is nothing positive about Islam on it proves that it has a definite agenda.... WikiIslam is of course promoting Islam as a monolithic religion that is violent and oppressive, and more importantly, does not represent how a majority of Muslims view their religion.}}</ref>{{rp|65}} | ||
Revision as of 08:11, 15 June 2022
Anti-Islamic wiki owned by Ex-Muslims of North America| [REDACTED] | |
| Owner | Ex-Muslims of North America |
|---|---|
| Founder(s) | Ali Sina |
| URL | wikiislam |
| Launched | 4 September 2006; 18 years ago (2006-09-04) |
| Current status | Active |
| Content license | CC-BY-NC 3.0 |
![[REDACTED]](https://u3vuiephb.global.ssl.fastly.net/File:WikiIslam_Logo.png){kind=link}
WikiIslam is an Islamophobic wiki focused on criticizing Islam. The wiki was founded by Ali Sina in 2006 and acquired by the Ex-Muslims of North America in 2015. As a "community-edited" website, registered users may modify and edit its content.
Overview
The website was registered on October 27, 2005 and launched on September 4, 2006. It was founded by Ali Sina, an Iranian-born Canadian ex-Muslim, and originally maintained by his organization, Faith Freedom International. The site claimed to act in defence against a perceived global threat from Muslims and Islam, and described its purpose as "collect facts relating to the criticism of Islam from valid Islamic sources without the effect of " censorship" that is common in Misplaced Pages. As a "community-edited website", it was set to be edited and modified by (registered) approved netizens.
Among other content, the site featured apostasy testimonies and held a list of 101 "provocative" questions to ask Muslims with the aim of making them doubt their beliefs, and the site actively encouraged criticizing Muslims. Translations of the content into multiple languages were available.
In December 2015, Ex-Muslims of North America (EXMNA) took ownership and operation of the site. As of 2018, it still held information on (alleged) internal contradictions in Quran, the persecution of non-Muslims and ex-Muslims, the "follies" of Muhammad and a narrow focus on "violence, sexuality and gender conflicts". In March 2021, EXMNA said it had created new content standards on WikiIslam aimed at reducing bias on the platform.
Reception
In 2007, Göran Larsson, Professor of Religious Studies at University of Gothenburg, argued that WikiIslam is an Islamophobic web portal, and that the stories on WikiIslam were selected only to show that Muslims are "ignorant, backward or even stupid". In a 2014 survey of "anti-Muslim websites", Larsson profiled WikiIslam's apparent aim as "present Islamic history, theology, and practitioners in a way which leaves the reader with an exceedingly negative image of the faith". He repeated his position in 2018, citing WikiIslam as an example of an "anti-Muslim webpage."
In 2013, Daniel Enstedt and Larsson wrote that the website has been "often perceived as being anti-Muslim, if not Islamophobic" and described the then-present content on WikiIslam as that which could "easily be turned into an important weapon in the hands of those who want to express anti-Muslim feelings and so constitute an important element in an Islamophobic world view that presents Islam and Muslims as diametrically opposite to all other world views." Both Enstedt and Larrson have considered WikiIslam's selection and presentation of Islamic topics to be "very one-dimensional" with "alternative interpretations seldom represented". Enstedt again identified WikiIslam as a website containing anti-Muslim rhetoric in 2018. The same year, WikiIslam was noted to feature slurs about Muhammad.
In 2019, Asma Uddin, advisor on religious liberty to OSCE and a fellow at the Aspen Institute, reiterated WikiIslam to be a "rampantly anti-Muslim website". The same year, Syaza Shukri, Professor of Political Sciences at International Islamic University Malaysia, deemed the lack of positive content on WikiIslam to demonstrate a "definite agenda": the promotion of a monolithic version of Islam—violent, oppressive, and unrepresentative of "how a majority of Muslims view their religion".
Notes
- FFI mentions its aim to lie in "'unmask Islam and help Muslims leave ". Sina argues Islam to be "an unreformable, violent, militant political cult" that was founded by a "a rapist, a pedophile, a mass murderer, a terrorist, a madman"; he deemed the term "Muslim" to be synonymous with "stupid, barbarian, thug, arrogant, brain dead, zombie, hooligan, goon, shameless, savage and many other ignoble things". He is also a board member of Stop Islamization of America, classified as an anti-Muslim hate group by Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC).
- Larsson argues that in the context of WikiIslam to be critical has meant holding preconceived negative opinions of Muslims and Islam.
- Larsson's latest publication on the site is from 2018 where he asks readers to consult his publications from 2007 and 2013 for scholarship on WikiIslam.
- Larsson's 2007 view was summarized by Ruth Tsuria, an expert on the intersection of digital media and religion: "Larsson argues that WikiIslam takes a closed attitude in its understanding of Islam, and so should be seen as an Islamophobic web portal." However, Larsson conceded that since WikiIslam contained a list of links to other websites—such as that of the Middle East Media Research Institute—, it was difficult to argue that all information posted on the site was Islamophobic.
References
- ^ Larsson, Göran (1 June 2007). "Cyber-Islamophobia? The case of WikiIslam". Contemporary Islam. 1 (1): 53–67. doi:10.1007/s11562-007-0002-2. ISSN 1872-0226. S2CID 144896607.
- ^ Enstedt, Daniel; Larsson, Göran (2013). "Telling the Truth about Islam? Apostasy Narratives and Representations of Islam on WikiIslam.net" (PDF). CyberOrient. 7 (1): 64–93. doi:10.1002/j.cyo2.20130701.0003. ISSN 1804-3194. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
- ^ Shukri, Syaza Farhana Mohamad (2019). "The Perception of Indonesian Youths toward Islamophobia: An Exploratory Study". Islamophobia Studies Journal. 5 (1): 61–75. doi:10.13169/islastudj.5.1.0061. ISSN 2325-8381. JSTOR 10.13169/islastudj.5.1.0061. S2CID 213425625.
Larsson (2007) did a research on Islamophobia on the Internet, specifically the anti-Islam portal WikiIslam. Unlike Misplaced Pages, WikiIslam only produces content that are critical to Islam. While the owner does not consider the website to be a hate site, the fact that there is nothing positive about Islam on it proves that it has a definite agenda.... WikiIslam is of course promoting Islam as a monolithic religion that is violent and oppressive, and more importantly, does not represent how a majority of Muslims view their religion.
- ^ Larsson, Göran (2014). "Islamophobia or Legitimate Concern? Contrasting Official and Populist Understanding of Opposition to Muslims". In Mays, Christin; Deland, Mats; Minkenberg, Michael (eds.). In the Tracks of Breivik: Far Right Networks in Northern and Eastern Europe. Vienna: Lit Verlag. pp. 155–66. ISBN 9783643905420. OCLC 881140905.
- ^ Uddin, Asma T. (2019). When Islam Is Not a Religion: Inside America's Fight for Religious Freedom (First Pegasus Books hardcover ed.). New York. ISBN 978-1643131740.
The rampantly anti-Muslim website, WikiIslam, connects Islam and pedophilia even more brazenly, 'Pedophilia is permitted in the Qur'an, was practiced by Prophet Muhammad and his companions, and some Muslims today continue to commit the crime, following their prophet's example.'
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Khan, Nadia (Jan 2015). "American Muslims in the Age of New Media". In Smith, Jane; Haddad, Yvonne (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of American Islam. New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199862634.013.005. ISBN 9780199862634.
American Muslim organizations use new media both to address issues internal to their community and to counter growing anti-Muslim sentiment. For example, in 2005, Wiki Islam debuted, claiming to provide a 'politically incorrect' alternative to Misplaced Pages.
- ^ Enstedt, Daniel (2018). "Understanding Religious Apostasy, Disaffiliation, and Islam in Contemporary Sweden". In van Nieuwkerk, Karin (ed.). Moving in and out of Islam (First ed.). Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. p. 74. ISBN 978-1-4773-1748-8.
Anti-Muslim rhetoric on internet sites such as WikiIslam.net ... and faithfreedom.org ... reproduce a negative image of religion that is associated with Islam.
- ^ "Ex-Muslims of North America takes ownership and operation of WikiIslam". Ex-Muslims of North America. 2015-12-03. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
- O'Malley, Nick (2017-01-27). "One Nation, Australia's portal to Trump and the alt-right". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2021-12-25.
- Gardell, Mattias (2012). Islamofobi (in Swedish). Stockholm: Leopard förlag. ISBN 9789173434027.
WikiIslam – en 'islamkritisk encyklopedi' som skapades av antimuslimska cyberaktivister som slutit sig till att deras inlägg på Misplaced Pages 'censurerades' av politiskt korrekta redaktörer och motsades av muslimer som lade sig i samtalet om islam och muslimer – anser att 'termen islamofobi är avledande, uppeggande och ofta används för att förhindra mycket legitim kritik av islam'.
- ^ Larsson, Göran (2018-03-13). "Disputed, Sensitive and Indispensable Topics: The Study of Islam and Apostasy". Method & Theory in the Study of Religion. 30 (3): 201–226. doi:10.1163/15700682-12341435. ISSN 0943-3058.
For example, the anti-Muslim webpage WikiIslam (on this homepage, see Larsson 2007; Enstedt and Larsson 2013) simply concludes: 'The punishment for apostasy in the Islamic faith is death.'
- "WikiIslam overhaul milestone achieved". Ex-Muslims of North America. 18 March 2021. Archived from the original on 19 March 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
- University, Seton Hall (2017-08-03). "Profile Ruth Tsuria". Seton Hall University. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
- Tsuria, Ruth (2013-01-01). "The video Three Things About Islam: Islamophobia online or a religious dialogue". Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis. 25: 225. doi:10.30674/scripta.67442. ISSN 2343-4937.
- O'Brian, Peter (2018). "Islamophobia & Europhobia: Expanding Rhetorics of Exclusion". Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov, Series IV: Philology & Cultural Studies. 11 (1): 16. ISSN 2066-768X.
- Affairs, Berkley Center for Religion, Peace and World. "Asma Uddin". berkleycenter.georgetown.edu. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)