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Revision as of 11:11, 23 March 2005
Famous astronomers and astrophysicists include:
A
- Marc Aaronson (USA, 1950 – 1987)
- George Ogden Abell (USA, 1927 – 1983)
- Antonio Abetti (Italy, 1846 – 1928)
- Georgio Abetti (Italy, 1882 – 1982)
- Charles Greeley Abbot (USA, 1872 – 1973)
- Charles Hitchcock Adams (USA, 1868 – 1951)
- John Couch Adams (Britain, 1819 – 1892)
- Walter Sydney Adams (USA, 1876 – 1956)
- Agrippa (Greek, unknown – 92)
- Paul Oswald Ahnert (Germany, 1897 – 1989)
- Eva Ahnert-Rohlfs (Germany, 1912 – 1954)
- George Biddell Airy, (England, 1801 – 1892)
- Robert Aitken, (USA, 1864 – 1951)
- Al-Batani (Iraq, 850 – 929)
- Albategnius (see Al-Batani)
- Vladimir Aleksandrovich Al'bitskij (Russia)
- George Alcock (Britain, 1913 – 2000)
- Harold Alden (USA, 1890 – 1964)
- Hannes Alfvén (Sweden, 1908 – 1995)
- Al-Khwarizmi, (Kheva, Abbasid caliphate, 780 – 850)
- Lawrence Aller
- 'Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi, (Persia, 903 – 986)
- Viktor Ambartsumian, (Armenia, 1912 – 1996)
- John August Anderson, (USA, 1876 – 1959)
- Andronicus of Cyrrhus
- Anders Ångström (Sweden, 1814 – 1874)
- Eugene M. Antoniadi (Greece, France, 1870 – 1944)
- Petrus Apianus (Germany, 1495 – 1557)
- Francois Arago (France, 1786 – 1853)
- Sylvain Arend (Belgium, 1902 – 1992)
- Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander (Germany, 1799 – 1875)
- Aristarchus (Samos, circa 310 BC – circa 230 BC)
- Christoph Arnold (Germany]], 1650 – 1695)
- Svante Arrhenius (Sweden, 1859 – 1927)
- Arzachel (Al-Zarqali) (Muslim Spain, 1028 – 1087)
- Goryu Asada (Japan, 1734 –1799)
- Giuseppe Asclepi (Italy, 1706 – 1776)
- Joseph Ashbrook (USA, April 4 1918 – August 4 1980)
- Arthur Auwers (Germany, 1838 – 1915)
- Adrien Auzout (France, 1622 – 1691)
B
- Walter Baade (Germany, 1893 – 1960)
- Harold D. Babcock (USA, 1882 – 1968)
- Horace W. Babcock (USA, 1912 – 2003)
- Oskar Backlund (Sweden, 1846 – 1916)
- John Bahcall (USA, 1934 – )
- Benjamin Baillaud (France, 1848 – 1934)
- Jean Sylvain Bailly (France, 1736 – 1793)
- Francis Baily (Britain, 1774 – 1844)
- John Bainbridge (Britain, 1582 – 1643)
- Sallie L. Baliunas (USA)
- Benjamin Banneker (USA, 1731 – 1806)
- Edward Emerson Barnard (USA, 1857 – 1923)
- Johann Bayer (Germany, 1572 – 1625)
- Antonin Becvar (Slovakia, 1901 – 1965)
- Wilhelm Beer (Germany, 1797 – 1850)
- S. I. Beljavskij (see S. I. Beljawsky)
- Sergei Ivanovich Beljawsky (Russia, 1883 – 1953)
- Jocelyn Bell (Ireland, 1943 – )
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (Germany, 1784 – 1846)
- Wilhelm von Biela (Austria, 1782 – 1856)
- Ludwig Biermann (Germany, 1907 – 1986)
- Guillaume Bigourdan (France, 1851 – 1932)
- Adriaan Blaauw (Netherlands, 1914 – )
- Nathaniel Bliss (Britain, 1700 – 1764)
- Johann Elert Bode (Germany, 1747 – 1826)
- Alfred Bohrmann (Germany, 1904 – 2000)
- Bart Bok (Netherlands, 1906 – 1983)
- Charles Thomas Bolton (USA, 1943 – )
- John Gatenby Bolton (England, Australia, 1922 – 1993)
- William Cranch Bond (USA, 1789 – 1859)
- Alphonse Borrelly (France, 1842 – 1926)
- Ruđer Josip Bošković (Dalmatia, 1711 – 1787)
- Lewis Boss (USA, 1846 – 1912)
- Alexis Bouvard (France, 1767 – 1843)
- Edward (Ted) L. G. Bowell (USA)
- Ira S. Bowen
- Louis Boyer (France)
- Ronald N. Bracewell (Australia, USA, 1921 – )
- James Bradley (England, 1693 – 1762)
- Tycho Brahe (Denmark, 1546 – 1601)
- William Robert Brooks (USA, 1844 – 1922)
- Theodor Brorsen (Denmark, 1819 – 1895)
- Dirk Brouwer
- Ernest William Brown (England, 1866 – 1938)
- Michael (Mike) E. Brown (USA)
- Ismael Bullialdus (France, 1605 – 1694)
- Margaret Burbidge (Britain, 1919 – )
- Robert Burnham, Jr. (USA, 1931 – 1993)
- Sherburne Wesley Burnham (1838 – 1921)
- Schelte J. Bus (USA)
C
- William Wallace Campbell (USA, 1862 – 1938)
- Annie Jump Cannon (USA, 1863 – 1941)
- Luigi Carnera (Italy, 1875 – 1962)
- Edwin Francis Carpenter (USA, 1898 – 1963)
- James Carpenter (Britain, 1840 – 1899)
- Richard Christopher Carrington (Britain, 1826 – 1875)
- César-François Cassini de Thury (France, 1714 – 1784)
- Dominique, comte de Cassini (France, 1748 – 1845)
- Giovanni Domenico Cassini a.k.a. Jean-Dominique Cassini (France, 1625 – 1712)
- Jacques Cassini (France, 1677 – 1756)
- Bonaventura Cavalieri (Italy, 1598 – 1647)
- Anders Celsius, (1701 – 1744)
- Vincenzo Cerulli, (Italy, 1859 – 1927)
- Jean Chacornac (France, 1823 – 1873)
- James Challis (Britain, 1803 – 1882)
- Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (India, USA, 1910 – 1995)
- Carl Charlier (Sweden, 1862 – 1934)
- Auguste Charlois (France, 1864 – 1910)
- Lyudmila Ivanovna Chernykh (Russia?, Ukraine)
- Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh (Russia, Ukraine, 1931 – )
- James Christy (USA, 1938 – )
- Edwin Foster Coddington (USA, 1870 – 1950)
- Jérôme Eugène Coggia (France, 1849 – 1919)
- Josep Comas Solá (Spain)
- Andrew Ainslie Common (Britain, 1841 – 1903)
- E. J. Cooper (Ireland, 1798 – 1863)
- Nicolaus Copernicus (Poland, 1473 – 1543)
- Pablo Cottenot (France)
- Heather Couper (Britain)
- Arthur Edwin Covington (Canada, 1914 – 2001)
- Philip Herbert Cowell (Britain, 1870 – 1949)
- Thomas George Cowling (England, 1906 – 1990)
- Andrew Claude de la Cherois Crommelin (Britain, 1865 – 1939)
- Heber D. Curtis (USA, 1872 – 1942)
D
- Jacques Eugène d'Allonville (France, 1671 – 1732)
- Andre Louis Danjon (France, 1890 – 1967)
- Heinrich d'Arrest (Germany, 1822 – 1875)
- George Howard Darwin (Britain, 1845 – 1912)
- William Rutter Dawes (Britain, 1799 – 1868)
- Bernard Dawson (Argentina, 1890 – 1960)
- Leo de Ball (Germany, Austria, 1853 – 1916)
- Henri Debehogne (Belgium)
- Annibale de Gasparis (Italy, 1819 – 1892)
- Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre (France, 1749 – 1822)
- Charles-Eugène Delaunay (France, 1816 – 1872)
- Eugène Joseph Delporte (Belgium, 1882 – 1955)
- William Frederick Denning (Britain, 1848 – 1931)
- Willem de Sitter (Netherlands, 1872 – 1934)
- Henri-Alexandre Deslandres (France, 1853 – 1948)
- Gérard de Vaucouleurs (France, USA, 1918 – 1995)
- Robert Dicke (USA, 1916 – 1997)
- Terence Dickinson, (Canada), astronomer and author
- Thomas Digges (England, 1546 – 1595)
- Herbert Dingle (USA, 1890 – 1978)
- John Dobson (1915 – )
- Franjo Dominko, (Slovenia, 1903 – 1987)
- Giovanni Battista Donati, (Italy, 1826 – 1873)
- Frank Drake (USA, 1930 – )
- Henry Draper (USA, 1837 – 1882)
- John Dreyer (Ireland, 1852 – 1926)
- Alexander D. Dubyago (Russia), 1903 – 1959)
- Dmitrij I. Dubyago (Russia), 1850 – 1918)
- Jean C. B. Dufay (France, 1896 – 1967)
- Raymond Smith Dugan (USA, 1878 – 1940)
- Frank Watson Dyson (Britain, 1868 – 1939)
E
- Arthur Eddington (England, 1882 – 1944)
- Olin J. Eggen (USA, 1919 – 1998)
- Eise Eisinga (Netherlands, 1744 – 1828)
- Eric Elst (Belgium)
- Johann Franz Encke (Germany, 1791 – 1865)
- Eratosthenes (Alexandria, 276 BC – 194 BC)
- Emil Ernst (Ph.D. Germany)
- Ernest Esclangon, (France, 1876 – 1954)
- Larry W. Esposito (USA)
- Eudoxus (Cnidus, circa 408 BC – circa 347 BC)
F
- David Fabricius (Netherlands, 1564 – 1617)
- Johannes Fabricius (Netherlands, 1587 – 1615)
- Hervé Faye (1814 – 1902)
- Charles Fehrenbach (France, 1914 – )
- James Ferguson (USA, 1797 – 1867)
- Erwin Findlay-Freundlich (1885 – 1964)
- Camille Flammarion (France, 1842 – 1925)
- Gabrielle Renaudot Flammarion (France, 1867 – 1962)
- John Flamsteed, (England, 1646 – 1719)
- Honoré Flaugergues (France, 1755 – 1835)
- Williamina Fleming (USA, 1857 – 1911)
- Wilhelm Julius Förster (Germany, 1832 – 1921)
- Alfred Fowler (Britain, 1868 – 1940)
- William Alfred Fowler (USA, 1911 – 1995)
- Herbert Friedman
- Dirk D. Frimout, (Belgium, 1941 – ), engineer and cosmonaut
- Edwin Brant Frost (USA, 1866 – 1935)
G
- Galileo Galilei (Italy, 1564 – 1642)
- Julio Garavito Armero
- Johann Gottfried Galle (Germany, 1812 – 1910)
- George Gamow (Russia, USA, 1904 – 1968)
- Carl Friedrich Gauss (Germany, 1777 – 1855)
- Tom Gehrels (Netherlands, USA)
- Andrea Ghez (USA)
- Riccardo Giacconi (Italy, 1931 – )
- Michel Giacobini (France, 1873 – 1938)
- Henry L. Giclas (USA)
- David Gill (Britain, 1843 – 1914)
- Thomas Gold (USA, 1920 – )
- Leo Goldberg
- Peter Goldreich
- Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt (Germany, 1802 – 1866)
- Paul Goldsmith (USA, 1948 – )
- François Gonnessiat (France, 1856 – 1934)
- John Goodricke (Britain, 1764 – 1786)
- Paul Götz (Ph.D. Germany)
- Benjamin A. Gould (USA)
- Andrew Graham ((Ireland, 1815 – 1907)
- Jesse Greenstein (USA, 1909 – 2002)
- Bengt Gustafsson, (Sweden)
- Alan Harvey Guth (USA, 1947 – )
H
- Yusuke Hagihara (Japan, 1897 –1979)
- George Ellery Hale (USA, 1868 – 1938)
- Asaph Hall (USA, 1829 – 1907)
- Edmond Halley (England, 1656 – 1742)
- Peter Andreas Hansen (December 8, 1795 – March 28 1874)
- Karl Ludwig Harding (Germany, 1765 – 1834)
- Thomas Hariot (Britain, 1560 – 1621)
- Guillermo Haro (Mexico, 1913 – 1988)
- Robert G. Harrington (USA)
- Robert Sutton Harrington (USA, 1942 – 1993)
- William Hartmann (USA, 1939 – )
- Stephen Hawking (Britain, 1942 – )
- Will Hay (Britain, 1888 – 1949)
- Otto Heckmann
- Joseph Helffrich (Ph.D. Germany)
- Eleanor Helin (USA)
- Maximilian Hell (Austria-Hungary, 1720 – 1792)
- Karl Ludwig Hencke (Germany, 1793 – 1866)
- Thomas Henderson (Scotland, 1798 – 1844)
- Paul Henry (France, 1848 – 1905)
- Prosper Henry (France, 1849 – 1903)
- George Herbig (USA, 1920 – )
- Caroline Herschel (Britain, 1750 – 1848)
- John Herschel (Britain, 1792 – 1871)
- William Herschel (Britain, 1738 – 1822)
- Ejnar Hertzsprung (Denmark, 1873 – 1967)
- Johannes Hevelius (Poland, 1611 – 1687)
- Antony Hewish (Britain, 1924 – )
- George William Hill (USA, 1838 – 1914)
- John Russell Hind (Britain, 1823 – 1895)
- Hipparchus (Nicaea, circa 190 BC – 120 BC)
- Kiyotsugu Hirayama (Japan, 1874 –1943)
- Shin Hirayama (Japan, 1868 –1945)
- Cuno Hoffmeister (Germany, 1892 – 1968)
- Dorrit Hoffleit (USA, 1907 – )
- Minoru Honda (Japan, 1917 –1990)
- Jeremiah Horrocks (Britain, c1619 – 1641)
- Fred Hoyle (Britain, 1915 – 2001)
- Edwin Powell Hubble (USA, 1889 – 1953)
- William Huggins (Britain, 1824 – 1910)
- Russell Alan Hulse (USA, 1950 – )
- Christiaan Huygens (Netherlands, 1629 – 1695)
I
- I Sin (China, 683 – 727)
- Icko Iben, Jr.
- Kaoru Ikeya (Japan)
- Robert Innes (Scotland, South Africa, 1861 – 1933)
J
- Cyril V. Jackson (South Africa)
- Karl Guthe Jansky (USA, 1905 – 1950)
- Pierre Jules César Janssen (France, 1824 – 1907)
- Benjamin Jekhowsky (Russia, France, Algeria, 1881 – ?)
- David Jewitt
- Alfred H. Joy
K
- Franz Kaiser (Germany, 1891 – 1962)
- Jacobus Kapteyn (Netherlands, 1851 – 1922)
- Lyudmila Georgievna Karachkina (Ukraine)
- James E. Keeler (USA, 1857 – 1900)
- Muraoka Kenji, (Japan, 1955 – )
- Johannes Kepler (Germany, 1571 – 1630)
- Omar Khayyam (Persia, 1048 – 1131)
- Kidinnu (Babylon, circa 400 BC – 310 BC)
- Hisashi Kimura (Japan, 1870 –1943)
- Daniel Kirkwood (1814 – 1895)
- Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Klinkerfues (Germany, 1827 – 1884)
- Viktor Knorre (Russia, 1840 – 1919)
- Takao Kobayashi (Japan)
- Luboš Kohoutek (1935 – )
- Zdeněk Kopal (Czech Republic, Britain, USA, 1914 – 1993)
- August Kopff (Germany, 1882 – 1960)
- Charles T. Kowal (USA, 1940 – )
- Robert Kraft
- Ľubor Kresák (Slovakia, 1927 – 1994)
- Gerard Kuiper (Netherlands, USA, 1905 – 1973)
- Yoshio Kushida (Japan, 1957 – )
L
- Nicolas Louis de Lacaille (France, 1713 – 1762)
- Claes-Ingvar Lagerkvist (Sweden)
- Joseph-Louis Lagrange (France, 1736 – 1813)
- Jérôme Lalande (France, 1732 – 1807)
- Johann Heinrich Lambert (France, Germany, 1728 – 1777)
- Samuel Pierpont Langley (USA, 1834 – 1906)
- Pierre-Simon Laplace (France, 1749 – 1827)
- William Lassell (Britain, 1799 – 1880)
- A. Laurent (France)
- Henrietta Swan Leavitt (USA, 1868 – 1921)
- Typhoon Lee (USA and Taiwan)
- Guillaume Le Gentil (France, 1725 – 1792)
- Georges Lemaître (Belgium, 1894 – 1966)
- Pierre Lemonnier (France, 1715 – 1799)
- Armin Leuschner (Germany, 1868 – 1953)
- Urbain Le Verrier (France, 1811 – 1877)
- David Levy (USA)
- Bertil Lindblad (Sweden, 1895 – 1965)
- Joseph Johann Littrow (Austria, 1781 – 1840)
- Karl L. Littrow (Austria, 1811 – 1877)
- Joseph Lockyer (Britain, 1836 – 1920)
- Maurice Loewy (Austria/France, 1833 – 1907)
- Christian Sørensen Longomontanus (Denmark, 1562 – 1647)
- Lord Rosse (Ireland, 1800 – 1867)
- Percival Lowell (USA, 1855 – 1916)
- John William Lubbock (Britain, 1803 – 1865)
- Robert Luther (Germany, 1822 – 1900)
- Jane Luu (USA)
- Willem Luyten (1899 – 1994)
- Donald Lynden-Bell
- Bernard Lyot (France, 1897 – 1952)
M
- Adriaan van Maanen (USA, 1884 – 1946)
- George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield (Britain, c. 1697 – 1764)
- Simon Marius (Germany, 1573 – 1624)
- Brian Marsden (USA)
- Albert Marth (Germany, 1828 – 1897)
- Nevil Maskelyne (Britain, 1732 – 1811)
- Charles Mason (Britain, USA, 1730 – 1787)
- Janet Akyüz Mattei (USA, 1943 – 2004)
- Edward Walter Maunder (Britain, 1851 – 1928)
- Pierre Louis Maupertuis (France, 1698 – 1759)
- Alain Maury (France)
- Tobias Mayer (Germany, 1723 – 1762)
- Christopher McKee (USA, 1942 – )
- Robert S. McMillan (USA)
- William H. McCrea (Britain, 1904 – 1999)
- Bruce A. McIntosh (Canada 1929 – )
- Pierre Méchain (France, 1744 – 1804)
- Karen Jean Meech (USA)
- Aden Meinel (USA)
- Philibert Jacques Melotte (Britain, 1880 – 1961)
- Paul Merrill (USA, 1887 – 1961)
- Charles Messier (France, 1730 – 1817)
- Joel Hastings Metcalf (USA, 1866 – 1925)
- John Michell (Britain, 1724 – 1793)
- Elia Millosevich (Italy, 1848 – 1919)
- E. Arthur Milne
- Rudolph Minkowski (Germany, 1895 – 1976)
- Marcel Minnaert
- Maria Mitchell (USA, 1818 – 1889)
- August Ferdinand Möbius (Germany, 1790 – 1868)
- Samuel Molyneux (Britain)
- Geminiano Montanari (Italy, 1633 – 1687)
- Patrick Moore (Britain, 1923 – )
- William W. Morgan
- Amédée Mouchez (France, 1821 – 1892)
- Antonín Mrkos (Czech Republic, 1918 – 1996)
- Jean Mueller (USA)
- Johannes Müller (Germany, 1436 – 1476)
- Nils Mustelin
N
- Nabu-rimanni (Babylonia, circa 560 BC – 480 BC)
- Syuichi Nakano (Japan)
- Grigoriy Nikolaevich Neujmin (Russia, 1886 – 1946)
- Gerry Neugebauer
- Otto Neugebauer (Germany, USA, 1899 – 1990)
- Simon Newcomb (USA, 1835 – 1909)
- Isaac Newton (Britain, 1643 – 1727)
- Seth Barnes Nicholson (USA, 1891 – 1963)
- Peter Nilson (Sweden, 1937 – 1998)
O
- Tarmo Oja (Sweden)
- Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers (Germany, 1758 – 1840)
- Jan Hendrik Oort (Netherlands, 1900 – 1992)
- Friedrich Wilhelm Opelt (Germany, 1794 – 1863)
- Ernst Öpik (Estonia, Ireland, 1893 – 1985)
- Donald Edward Osterbrock, USA, 1924 – )
- Liisi Oterma (Finland, 1915 – 2001)
P
- Bohdan Paczynski, (Poland 1940 – )
- Ľudmila Pajdušáková (Slovakia, 1916 – 1979)
- Johann Palisa, (Austria, 1848 – 1925)
- Johann Palitzsch (1723 – 1788)
- Anton Pannekoek (Netherlands, 1873 – 1960)
- George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield (Britain, c. 1697 – 1764)
- Eugene N. Parker
- William Parsons, Lord Rosse (Ireland, 1800 – 1867)
- André Patry (France, – c. 1960)
- Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (USA, 1900 – 1979)
- James Peebles
- Leslie Peltier (USA, 1900 – 1980)
- Roger Penrose (Britain, 1931 – )
- Arno Penzias (Germany, 1933 – )
- Charles Dillon Perrine (USA, Argentina, 1867 – 1951)
- Henri Joseph Anastase Perrotin (France, 1845 – 1904)
- Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters (Germany, USA, 1813 – 1890)
- George Henry Peters (USA, 1863 – 1947)
- Erik V. Petersen (Denmark, 1911 – )
- Giuseppe Piazzi (Italy, 1746 – 1826)
- Edward Charles Pickering (USA, 1846 – 1919)
- William Henry Pickering (USA, 1858 – 1938)
- Philip Plait (USA)
- Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana (Italy, 1781 – 1864)
- John Stanley Plaskett (Canada, 1865 – 1941)
- Norman Robert Pogson, (Britain, 1829 – 1891)
- Christian Pollas, (France)
- John Pond (England, 1767 – 1836)
- Jean-Louis Pons (France, 1761 – 1831)
- Charles Pritchard (Britain, 1808 – 1893)
- Richard Proctor (England, 1837 – 1888)
- Ptolemy of Alexandria (Roman Egypt, circa 85 – 165)
- Pierre Puiseux (France, 1855 – 1928)
- Georg Purbach (Germany, 1423 – 1461)
- Pythagoras
Q
- Adolphe Quetelet (Belgium, 1796 – 1874)
R
- David Rabinowitz (USA)
- Pavla Ranzinger (Slovenia)
- Grote Reber (USA, 1911 – 2002)
- Martin Rees (England, 1942 – )
- Regiomontanus (Johannes Müller) (Germany, 1436 – 1476)
- Erasmus Reinhold (Prussia, Germany, 1511 – 1553)
- Karl Reinmuth (Germany, 1892 – 1979)
- Giovanni Battista Riccioli (Italy, 1598 – 1671)
- Jean Richer (France, 1630 – 1696)
- Fernand Rigaux (Belgium)
- Elizabeth Roemer (USA, 1929 – )
- Ole Christensen Rømer (Denmark, 1644 – 1710)
- Otto A. Rosenberger (Germany, 1800 – 1890)
- Lord Rosse (Ireland, 1800 – 1867)
- Bruno Rossi (Italy, 1905 – 1993)
- Vera Rubin (USA, 1928 – )
- Henry Norris Russell (USA, 1877 – 1957)
S
- Sir Edward Sabine (Britain, 1788 – 1883)
- Carl Edward Sagan (USA, 1934 – 1996)
- Edwin Ernest Salpeter (Austria, Australia, USA, 1924 – )
- Allan Rex Sandage (1926 – )
- Wallace Leslie William Sargent
- Alexandre Schaumasse (France, 1882 – 1958)
- Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli (Italy, 1835 – 1910)
- Frank Schlesinger (USA, 1871 – 1943)
- Bernhard Schmidt (Estonia, Sweden, Germany, 1879 – 1935)
- Maarten Schmidt (1929 – )
- Johann Hieronymus Schröter (Germany, 1745 – 1816)
- Lipót Schulhof (Hungary, 1847 – 1921)
- Heinrich Christian Schumacher (Germany, 1780 – 1850)
- Hans-Emil Schuster (Germany, 1934 – )
- Samuel Heinrich Schwabe (Germany, 1789 – 1875)
- Karl Schwarzschild (Germany, 1873 – 1916)
- Martin Schwarzschild (Germany, USA, 1912 – 1997)
- Friedrich Karl Arnold Schwassmann (Germany, 1870 – 1964)
- Ruby Payne Scott (Australia, 1912 – 1981)
- James Vernon Scotti (USA, 1960 – )
- Frederick Hanley Seares (USA, 1873 – 1964)
- George Mary Searle (USA, 1839 – 1918)
- Tsutomu Seki (Japan, 1930 – )
- Carl Keenan Seyfert (USA, 1911 – 1960)
- Grigory Abramovich Shajn (Russia, 1892 – 1956)
- Pelageya Fedorovna Shajn (Russia, 1894 – 1956)
- Harlow Shapley (USA, 1885 – 1972)
- Richard Sheepshanks (Britain, 1794 – 1855)
- Iosif Samuilovich Shklovsky (Russia, 1916 – 1985)
- Carolyn Jean Spellmann Shoemaker (USA, 1929 – )
- Eugene Merle Shoemaker (USA, 1928 – 1997)
- Charlotte Moore Sitterly (USA, 1898 – 1990)
- Brian A. Skiff (USA)
- John Francis Skjellerup (Australia, South Africa, 1875 – 1952)
- Charles D. Slaughter (USA)
- Vesto Melvin Slipher (USA, 1875 – 1969)
- Tamara Mikhaylovna Smirnova (Russia, 1918 – )
- William Henry Smyth (Britain, 1788 – 1865)
- Adam Solomon (USA, 1989 – )
- Nina A. Solovaya (Russia, 1940 – )
- Mary Fairfax Somerville (Britain, 1780 – 1872)
- Sir James South (Britain, (1785 – 1867)
- Harold Spencer Jones
- Lyman Spitzer (USA, 1914 – 1997)
- Friederich Wilhelm Gustav Spörer (Germany, 1822 – 1895)
- Link Egglepple Starbureiy, (19??)
- Anton Staus (Germany, 1872 – 1955)
- Joel Stebbins, (USA, 1878 – 1966)
- Karl August von Steinheil, (Germany, 1801 – 1870)
- Édouard Jean-Marie Stephan, (France, 1837 – 1923)
- David J. Stevenson, (New Zealand, 1948 – )
- Edward James Stone, (1831 – 1897)
- Bengt Georg Daniel Strömgren, (Denmark, 1908 – 1987)
- Friedrich Georg Wilhelm (von) Struve (Germany, Russia, 1793 – 1864)
- Karl Hermann Struve (Russia, Germany, 1854 – 1920)
- Gustav Wilhelm Ludwig Struve (Russia, 1858 – 1920)
- Otto Struve (Russia, USA, 1897 – 1963)
- Otto Wilhelm (von) Struve (Russia, 1819 – 1905)
- Rashid Alievich Sunyaev
- Lewis A. Swift (USA, 1820 – 1913)
- Frédéric Sy (France)
T
- Atsushi Takahashi (Japan)
- Gonzalo Tancredi (Uruguay, 1963 – )
- Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr. (USA, 1941 – )
- Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel, (Germany, 1821 – 1889)
- Thabit ibn Qurra (Iraq, 826 – 901)
- Thorvald Nicolai Thiele (Denmark, 1838 – 1910)
- Norman G. Thomas (USA)
- John M. Thome (1843 – 1908)
- Kip Stephen Thorne (USA, 1940 – )
- Friedrich Tietjen (Germany, 1834 – 1895)
- Beatrice Muriel Hill Tinsley (USA, 1941 – 1981)
- François Félix Tisserand (France, 1845 – 1896)
- Johann Daniel Titius (Germany, 1729 – 1796)
- Clyde W. Tombaugh (USA, 1906 – 1997)
- Richard Tousey
- Virginia Trimble (USA)
- Chadwick (Chad) A. Trujillo (USA)
- Robert Julius Trumpler (USA, 1886 – 1956)
- R. Brent Tully (USA)
- Herbert Hall Turner (England, 1861 – 1930)
- Horace Parnell Tuttle (USA, 1839 – 1923)
U
V
- Yrjö Väisälä (Finland, 1891 – 1971)
- Benjamin Valz (France, 1787 – 1867)
- James Van Allen (USA, 1914 – )
- George Van Biesbroeck (Belgium, USA, 1880 – 1974)
- Hendrik van de Hulst
- Peter van de Kamp (USA, 1901 – 1995)
- Sidney van den Bergh
- Hendrik Van Gent (Netherlands, South Africa, (1900 – March 29, 1947)
- Cornelis Johannes van Houten (Netherlands, 1920 – August 24 2002)
- Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld (Netherlands)
- Zdeňka Vávrová (Czech Republic or Slovakia)
- Philippe Véron (France)
- Julie Vinter Hansen (Denmark), 1890 – 1960)
- Hermann Carl Vogel (Germany, 1841 – 1907)
- Joseph von Fraunhofer (Germany, 1787 – 1826)
- Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve (Germany, Russia, 1793 – 1864)
- Otto Wilhelm von Struve (Russia, 1819 – 1905)
- Karl von Weizsäcker (Germany, 1912 – )
- Alexander Vyssotsky ( 1888 – 1973 )
- Emma Vyssotsky (USA)
W
- Arno Arthur Wachmann (Germany, 1902 – 1990)
- George Wallerstein
- Qingde Wang (USA, China)
- James Craig Watson (USA, 1838 – 1880)
- Thomas William Webb (Britain, 1807 – 1885)
- Alfred Lothar Wegener (Germany, 1880 – 1930), astronomer, geologist, meteorologist
- Godefroy Wendelin (Belgium, 1580 – 1667)
- Richard M. West (Denmark, 1942 – )
- J. G. Westphal (Germany)
- Johann Heinrich Westphal (Germany, Italy, 1794 – 1831)
- George Wetherill
- John Wheeler (USA, 1911 – )
- Fred Whipple (USA, 1906 – )
- Albert Whitford (USA, 1905 – 2002)
- Paul Wild (Switzerland)
- Olin C. Wilson (USA, 1909 – 1994)
- Robert Wilson (USA, 1936 – )
- John Winthrop (Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1714 – 1779)
- Friedrich August Theodor Winnecke (Germany, 1835 – 1897)
- Carl Wirtanen (USA, 1910 – 1990)
- Jack Wisdom (USA)
- Gustav Witt (Germany, 1866 – 1946)
- Maximilian Wolf (Germany, 1863 – 1932)
- Aleksander Wolszczan (Poland, 1946 – )
- Richard van der Riet Woolley (Britain, 1906 – 1986)
- Thomas Wright (Britain, 1711 – 1786)
Y
- Issei Yamamoto (Japan, 1889 –1959)
- Charles Augustus Young (USA, 1834 – 1908)
Z
- Franz Xaver von Zach (Germany, 1753 – 1832)
- Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich (USSR, 1914 – 1987)
- Zhang Daqing (China, 1969 – )
- Zhang Heng (78 – 139)
- Zhang Yuzhe (China, 1902 – 1986)
- Lyudmila Vasil'evna Zhuravleva (Russia, Ukraine)
- Zu Chongzhi, (425 – 500)
- Fritz Zwicky (Switzerland, USA, 1898 – 1974)
Other scientists whose work had an impact on astronomy and astrophysics:
- Hans Bethe (physicist) (1906 – )
- Niels Bohr (physicist) (1885 – 1962)
- Freeman Dyson (physicist) (1923 – )
- Albert Einstein (physicist) (1879 – 1955)
Instrument makers, illustrators, etc:
- John Bird
- Chesley Bonestell
- Thomas Cooke
- Alvan Clark
- John Dollond
- Henry Fitz (1808-1863)
- James Gregory
- Jesse Ramsden (1735-1800)
- George Willis Ritchey
- James Short
- William Simms
- Edward Troughton (1756-1835)