| Revision as of 23:30, 9 March 2007 editMichaelBillington (talk | contribs)18,137 editsm →Implementations: rm self link← Previous edit | Revision as of 20:21, 13 March 2007 edit undo80.252.255.181 (talk)No edit summaryNext edit → | ||
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| In computing, a '''home directory''' is a ] which contains the personal files of a particular user of the system. | In computing, a '''home directory''' is a ] which contains the personal files of a particular user of the system. | ||
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| == Implementations == | == Implementations == | ||
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| On ] and ] systems, this includes configuration files (usually hidden, i.e. starting with a <tt>.</tt>), documents, locally installed programs, etc. The home directory is defined as part of the user's account data (e.g. in the <tt>]/passwd</tt> file). On many systems - including most distributions of ] and variants of ] (e.g. ]) - the home directory for each user takes the form <tt>/home/''username''</tt> (where <tt>''username''</tt> is the name of the user account). The home directory of the ] account (usually named <tt>]</tt>) is traditionally <tt>]</tt>, but on many newer systems it is located at <tt>]</tt> (Linux, BSD), or <tt>]/root</tt> (]). | On ] and ] systems, this includes configuration files (usually hidden, i.e. starting with a <tt>.</tt>), documents, locally installed programs, etc. The home directory is defined as part of the user's account data (e.g. in the <tt>]/passwd</tt> file). On many systems - including most distributions of ] and variants of ] (e.g. ]) - the home directory for each user takes the form <tt>/home/''username''</tt> (where <tt>''username''</tt> is the name of the user account). The home directory of the ] account (usually named <tt>]</tt>) is traditionally <tt>]</tt>, but on many newer systems it is located at <tt>]</tt> (Linux, BSD), or <tt>]/root</tt> (]). | ||
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| In the ] operating system, a user's home directory is called the "root directory" (which means the top of the file hierarchy in Unix, and the root directory of a partition in DOS/Windows/AmigaOS), and the equivalent of a DOS/Windows/AmigaOS "root directory" is referred to as the Master File Directory. | In the ] operating system, a user's home directory is called the "root directory" (which means the top of the file hierarchy in Unix, and the root directory of a partition in DOS/Windows/AmigaOS), and the equivalent of a DOS/Windows/AmigaOS "root directory" is referred to as the Master File Directory. | ||
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| Single-user operating systems (which may be used by more than one person, but which are called "single-user" because they do not differentiate between different owners' files) typically do not have home directories, though they may have separate disks or partitions which may or may not be used for this purpose. For example, AmigaOS versions 2 and up have "System" and "Work" partitions on hard disks by default. The BeOS (and its successors) have a /home directory which contain the files belonging to the single user of the system. | Single-user operating systems (which may be used by more than one person, but which are called "single-user" because they do not differentiate between different owners' files) typically do not have home directories, though they may have separate disks or partitions which may or may not be used for this purpose. For example, AmigaOS versions 2 and up have "System" and "Work" partitions on hard disks by default. The BeOS (and its successors) have a /home directory which contain the files belonging to the single user of the system. | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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| *] | *] | ||
| *] | *] | ||
Revision as of 20:21, 13 March 2007
In computing, a home directory is a directory which contains the personal files of a particular user of the system.
Separating user data from system-wide data avoids redundancy and makes backups of important files relatively simple. Furthermore, Trojan horses, viruses and worms running under the user's name and with their privileges will in most cases only be able to alter the files in the user's home directory, and perhaps some files belonging to workgroups the user is a part of, but not actual system files.
Implementations
On Unix and Unix-like systems, this includes configuration files (usually hidden, i.e. starting with a .), documents, locally installed programs, etc. The home directory is defined as part of the user's account data (e.g. in the /etc/passwd file). On many systems - including most distributions of Linux and variants of BSD (e.g. OpenBSD) - the home directory for each user takes the form /home/username (where username is the name of the user account). The home directory of the superuser account (usually named root) is traditionally /, but on many newer systems it is located at /root (Linux, BSD), or /var/root (Mac OS X).
This convention is not universal, however: in NeXTSTEP, OPENSTEP, and Mac OS X, users' home directories are stored in /Users/username. However in NeXTSTEP and OPENSTEP in a single user, non-networked setup, there is a restricted me account in tandem with the standard unrestricted root account, which stores its users' files in /me. In Solaris, home directories are located in /home, but this is actually the mount point of the automounter, which mounts home directories as needed from a file server, or /export/home on the local system. Older Unix systems often used paths such as /u01 or /var/users.
An additional Unix naming convention (originating from the csh shell) is that ~user can be used as shorthand for referring to the home directory belonging to user, whatever its location on the filesystem. This is why many web servers are configured to show a user's personal website when a URL such as http://www.catb.org/~esr/ is accessed (in this example, the username is esr). A further shorthand allows a user to refer to their own home directory simply as ~.
In Microsoft Windows, a number of different conventions have been used. Assuming the operating system has been installed on the C: drive, Windows 9x operating systems have stored user documents in C:\My Documents\. Windows NT systems released in the 1990s (that is, prior to Windows 2000), store their profiles in the C:\Profiles directory. In Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003, this directory is called C:\Documents and Settings. In Windows Vista and Windows Server "Longhorn", it is, simply, C:\Users. In all cases, the user's name is appended to the directory name. Additionally, these terms are localized into the language of the installed operating system. For this reason, the shell expansion %HOMEPATH% is used so that the correct directory can always be found.
In the VMS operating system, a user's home directory is called the "root directory" (which means the top of the file hierarchy in Unix, and the root directory of a partition in DOS/Windows/AmigaOS), and the equivalent of a DOS/Windows/AmigaOS "root directory" is referred to as the Master File Directory.
Single-user operating systems (which may be used by more than one person, but which are called "single-user" because they do not differentiate between different owners' files) typically do not have home directories, though they may have separate disks or partitions which may or may not be used for this purpose. For example, AmigaOS versions 2 and up have "System" and "Work" partitions on hard disks by default. The BeOS (and its successors) have a /home directory which contain the files belonging to the single user of the system.