Long March 10: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively ← Previous edit Next edit →Content deleted Content addedVisual WikitextInline

Revision as of 11:05, 11 May 2023 editLiu1126 (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users, Rollbackers10,765 edits Adding local short description: "Chinese super-heavy carrier rocket", overriding Wikidata description "Chinese launch Vehicle"Tag: Shortdesc helper ← Previous edit		Revision as of 01:50, 12 May 2023 edit undoGalactic Penguin SST (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users6,342 edits Added information on proposed 2-stage, no booster versionNext edit →
Line 2:		Line 2:
	{{Infobox rocket\|image=File:Chinese next-gen crewed rocket mockup 2022.jpg\|family=]\|payloads=\|only=<!--launch date if only one was launched, optional-->\|last=<!--date of final flight, optional-->\|first=\|other_outcome=<!--number of launches with unknown outcomes (or in progress), optional-->\|partial=<!--total number of launches resulting in partial failure (e.g. incorrect orbit but still usable), optional-->\|fail=\|success=\|launches=\|sites=\|status=In development\|comparable={{plainlist\|		{{Infobox rocket\|image=File:Chinese next-gen crewed rocket mockup 2022.jpg\|family=]\|payloads=\|only=<!--launch date if only one was launched, optional-->\|last=<!--date of final flight, optional-->\|first=\|other_outcome=<!--number of launches with unknown outcomes (or in progress), optional-->\|partial=<!--total number of launches resulting in partial failure (e.g. incorrect orbit but still usable), optional-->\|fail=\|success=\|launches=\|sites=\|status=In development\|comparable={{plainlist\|
	*] (Block 1)		*] (Block 1)
⚫	*]
	*]		*]
	*]		*]
		⚫	*]
	}}\|derivatives=<!--derived rockets, optional-->\|capacities={{Infobox rocket/payload		}}\|derivatives=<!--derived rockets, optional-->\|capacities={{Infobox rocket/payload
	\|location = ]		\|location = ]
Line 84:		Line 84:
	}}		}}

	'''Long March 10'''<ref>{{Cite web \|author=汪淼 \|date=2023-02-24 \|title=我国新一代载人运载火箭命名为"长征十号"，将用于登月任务 \|url=https://m.ithome.com/html/675669.htm \|accessdate=2023-02-25 \|publisher=IT之家 \|language=zh-hans}}</ref> ({{Lang-zh\|c=长征十号}}), also known as the “'''''Next Generation crewed launch vehicle'''''” ({{Lang-zh\|c=新一代载人运载火箭}}) or “'''''921 rocket'''''” ({{Lang-zh\|c=921火箭}}), is a Chinese ] for crewed lunar missions that is currently under development. The nickname "921" refers to the founding date of China's ]. Like the ], it uses 5-meter (16.4 ft) diameter rocket bodies and ]K engines, although with 7 engines on each of 3 cores.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Lund \|first1=J. \|date=October 7, 2020 \|title=China's Mysterious Manned Moon Rocket \|url=https://j-lund.medium.com/chinas-mysterious-manned-moon-rocket-5d37068c2480}}</ref><ref name="sn-20211217">{{cite web \|last=Jones \|first=Andrew \|date=17 December 2021 \|title=China's new rocket for crewed moon missions to launch around 2026 \|url=https://spacenews.com/chinas-new-rocket-for-crewed-moon-missions-to-launch-around-2026/ \|access-date=19 December 2021 \|work=]}}</ref> The launch weight is 2187 tonnes, delivering 25 tonnes into trans-lunar injection.<ref name="space_jones_921">{{cite web \|last1=Jones \|first1=Andrew \|date=October 1, 2020 \|title=China is building a new rocket to fly its astronauts on the Moon \|url=https://www.space.com/china-rocket-for-crewed-moon-missions \|publisher=SPACE.com}}</ref> The proposed crewed lunar mission uses two rockets; the ] and lunar landing stack launch separately and rendezvous in lunar orbit.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Jones \|first1=Andrew \|date=October 30, 2020 \|title=China outlines architecture for future crewed moon landings \|newspaper=SpaceNews \|url=https://spacenews.com/china-outlines-architecture-for-future-crewed-moon-landings/}}</ref> Development was announced at the 2020 China Space Conference.<ref name="space_jones_921" /> As of 2022, the first flight of this triple-cored rocket is targeted for 2027.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Jones \|first=Andrew \|date=11 November 2022 \|title=China's huge new crew-launching moon rocket could fly for 1st time in 2027 \|url=https://www.space.com/china-crew-launching-moon-rocket-2027-debut \|access-date=18 November 2022 \|work=]}}</ref>		'''Long March 10'''<ref name=LM10-naming>{{Cite web \|author=汪淼 \|date=2023-02-24 \|title=我国新一代载人运载火箭命名为"长征十号"，将用于登月任务 \|url=https://m.ithome.com/html/675669.htm \|accessdate=2023-02-25 \|publisher=IT之家 \|language=zh-hans}}</ref> ({{Lang-zh\|c=长征十号}}), also known as the “'''''Next Generation crewed launch vehicle'''''” ({{Lang-zh\|c=新一代载人运载火箭}}) or “'''''921 rocket'''''” ({{Lang-zh\|c=921火箭}}), is a Chinese ] for crewed lunar missions that is currently under development. The nickname "921" refers to the founding date of China's ]. Like the ], it uses 5-meter (16.4 ft) diameter rocket bodies and ]K engines, although with 7 engines on each of 3 cores.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Lund \|first1=J. \|date=October 7, 2020 \|title=China's Mysterious Manned Moon Rocket \|url=https://j-lund.medium.com/chinas-mysterious-manned-moon-rocket-5d37068c2480}}</ref><ref name="sn-20211217">{{cite web \|last=Jones \|first=Andrew \|date=17 December 2021 \|title=China's new rocket for crewed moon missions to launch around 2026 \|url=https://spacenews.com/chinas-new-rocket-for-crewed-moon-missions-to-launch-around-2026/ \|access-date=19 December 2021 \|work=]}}</ref> The launch weight is 2187 tonnes, delivering 25 tonnes into trans-lunar injection.<ref name="space_jones_921">{{cite web \|last1=Jones \|first1=Andrew \|date=October 1, 2020 \|title=China is building a new rocket to fly its astronauts on the Moon \|url=https://www.space.com/china-rocket-for-crewed-moon-missions \|publisher=SPACE.com}}</ref> The proposed crewed lunar mission uses two rockets; the ] and lunar landing stack launch separately and rendezvous in lunar orbit.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Jones \|first1=Andrew \|date=October 30, 2020 \|title=China outlines architecture for future crewed moon landings \|newspaper=SpaceNews \|url=https://spacenews.com/china-outlines-architecture-for-future-crewed-moon-landings/}}</ref> Development was announced at the 2020 China Space Conference.<ref name="space_jones_921" /> As of 2022, the first flight of this triple-cored rocket is targeted for 2027.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Jones \|first=Andrew \|date=11 November 2022 \|title=China's huge new crew-launching moon rocket could fly for 1st time in 2027 \|url=https://www.space.com/china-crew-launching-moon-rocket-2027-debut \|access-date=18 November 2022 \|work=]}}</ref>

			A derivative of the Long March 10 with no boosters and only 2 stages, 7 YF-100K engines on the first stage and a single YF-100M engine on the second stage, is also being planned for future Low Earth orbit crew and cargo transport missions to the ]. This version has a capability to Low Earth Orbit of at least 14 tonnes. The first stage is planned to be recoverable and reusable.<ref name=LM10-naming/>

	== See also ==		== See also ==

Revision as of 01:50, 12 May 2023

Chinese super-heavy carrier rocket

**Long March 10**
Size
Mock-up of the Long March 10 rocket at the 2022 Zhuhai Airshow
Function	Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
Manufacturer	China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology
Country of origin	People's Republic of China
Height	89–93.2 m (292–306 ft)
Diameter	5.0 m (16.4 ft)
Mass	2,187,000–2,189,000 kg (4,822,000–4,826,000 lb)
Stages	3
Capacity
Payload to Low Earth orbit
Mass	70,000 kg (150,000 lb)
Payload to Trans-lunar injection
Mass	27,000 kg (60,000 lb)

Associated rockets
Family	Long March (rocket family)
Comparable	Space Launch System (Block 1) Falcon Heavy Energia New Glenn
Launch history
Status	In development

Boosters
No. boosters	2
Diameter	5 m (16 ft)
Powered by	7 YF-100K
Maximum thrust	Sea level: 8,750 kN (1,970,000 lb_f) Vacuum: 9,772 kN (2,197,000 lb_f)
Total thrust	Sea level: 17,500 kN (3,900,000 lb_f) Vacuum: 19,544 kN (4,394,000 lb_f)
Specific impulse	Sea level: 301.6 s (2.958 km/s) Vacuum: 337 s (3.30 km/s)
Propellant	RP-1 / LOX
First stage
Diameter	5 m (16 ft)
Powered by	7 YF-100K
Maximum thrust	Sea level: 8,750 kN (1,970,000 lb_f) Vacuum: 9,772 kN (2,197,000 lb_f)
Specific impulse	Sea level: 301.6 s (2.958 km/s) Vacuum: 337 s (3.30 km/s)
Propellant	RP-1 / LOX
Second stage
Diameter	5 m (16 ft)
Powered by	2 YF-100M
Maximum thrust	2,920 kN (660,000 lb_f)
Specific impulse	352.3 s (3.455 km/s)
Propellant	RP-1 / LOX
Third stage
Diameter	5 m (16 ft)
Powered by	3 YF-75E
Maximum thrust	276.3 kN (62,100 lb_f)
Specific impulse	451.1 s (4.424 km/s)
Propellant	LH₂ / LOX

[edit on Wikidata]

Long March 10 (Chinese: 长征十号), also known as the “Next Generation crewed launch vehicle” (Chinese: 新一代载人运载火箭) or “921 rocket” (Chinese: 921火箭), is a Chinese super-heavy carrier rocket for crewed lunar missions that is currently under development. The nickname "921" refers to the founding date of China's human spaceflight program. Like the Long March 5, it uses 5-meter (16.4 ft) diameter rocket bodies and YF-100K engines, although with 7 engines on each of 3 cores. The launch weight is 2187 tonnes, delivering 25 tonnes into trans-lunar injection. The proposed crewed lunar mission uses two rockets; the crewed spacecraft and lunar landing stack launch separately and rendezvous in lunar orbit. Development was announced at the 2020 China Space Conference. As of 2022, the first flight of this triple-cored rocket is targeted for 2027.

A derivative of the Long March 10 with no boosters and only 2 stages, 7 YF-100K engines on the first stage and a single YF-100M engine on the second stage, is also being planned for future Low Earth orbit crew and cargo transport missions to the Chinese Space Station. This version has a capability to Low Earth Orbit of at least 14 tonnes. The first stage is planned to be recoverable and reusable.

References

^ 汪淼 (2023-02-24). "我国新一代载人运载火箭命名为"长征十号"，将用于登月任务" (in Simplified Chinese). IT之家. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
Lund, J. (October 7, 2020). "China's Mysterious Manned Moon Rocket".
Jones, Andrew (17 December 2021). "China's new rocket for crewed moon missions to launch around 2026". SpaceNews. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
^ Jones, Andrew (October 1, 2020). "China is building a new rocket to fly its astronauts on the Moon". SPACE.com.
Jones, Andrew (October 30, 2020). "China outlines architecture for future crewed moon landings". SpaceNews.
Jones, Andrew (11 November 2022). "China's huge new crew-launching moon rocket could fly for 1st time in 2027". Space.com. Retrieved 18 November 2022.

v t e Long March (rocket family)
Rockets	Feng Bao 1 Long March 1 1D Long March 2 2A 2C 2D 2E 2F Long March 3 3A 3B 3B/E 3C Long March 4 4A 4B 4C Long March 5 5B Long March 6 6A 6C Long March 7 7A Long March 8 8A Long March 9 Long March 10 Long March 11 11H Long March 12
Launch sites	Jiuquan Taiyuan Wenchang Commercial Xichang
Manufacturers	China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology
Designers	Wang Xiji
List of Long March launches

Chinese launch systems

Sounding rockets

T-7
OS-XO

Orbital launch vehicles

Active	Ceres 1 1S Gravity-1 Hyperbola-1 Jielong 1 3 Kaituozhe 2 Kuaizhou 1 1A 11 Kinetica 1 Long March CZ-2C 2D 2F 3A 3B/E 3C 4B 4C 5 5B 6 6A 6C 7 7A 8 11 11H 12 OS-M1 Tianlong-2 Zhuque 2
In development	Gravity-2 Hyperbola-2 Kuaizhou 21 31 Long March 9 10 Naga-L Nebula 1 New Line 1 OS-M2 OS-M4 Pallas 1 2 Tianlong-3 Zhuque 3
Retired	Feng Bao 1 Kaituozhe-1 Long March CZ-1 1D 2A 2E 3 3B 4A Zhuque 1

Chinese space program

Spaceports and landing sites	Jiuquan Taiyuan Wenchang Xichang Siziwang Banner (landing site)
Launch vehicles	Long March 1 Long March 2 Long March 3 Long March 3A Long March 3B Long March 3C Long March 4 Long March 4A Long March 4B Long March 4C Long March 5 Long March 6 Long March 7 Long March 8 Long March 9 (In development) Long March 10 (In development) Long March 11 Long March 12 Kuaizhou Kaituozhe
Exploration programs	Shuguang (cancelled) CMS (human spaceflight) Chang'e (lunar exploration) Tiangong (space station) Tianwen (interplanetary exploration)

Projects and missions

Science

Planetary science	Chang'e 1 (2007–09) Chang'e 2 (2010–present) Yinghuo 1† (2011) Chang'e 3 (2013–present) Chang'e 5-T1 (2014–present) Yutu rover (2013–2016) Chang'e 4 (2018–present) Yutu-2 rover (2018–present) Tianwen-1 (2020–present) Chang'e 5 (2020–present) Zhurong rover (2021–present) Chang'e 6 (2024) Tianwen-2 (2025) Chang'e 7 (2026) Chang'e 8 (2028) Tianwen-3 (2028) Tianwen-4 (2029)
Astronomy and cosmology	DAMPE (2015–present) HXMT (2017–present) GECAM (2020–present) CHASE (2021–present) ASO-S (2022–present) Einstein Probe (2024–present) SVOM (2024–present) Xuntian (2026) Space Solar Telescope
Earth observation	CSES (2018–present) Double Star (2003–07) Gaofen Series (2013–present) Haiyang Series (2002–present) TanSat (2016–present) Yaogan Series (2006–present) Ziyuan Series (CBERS) (1999–present) SMILE (2025)

Human
spaceflight

Uncrewed expeditions	Shenzhou 1 Shenzhou 2 Shenzhou 3 Shenzhou 4 Shenzhou 8
Crewed expeditions	Shenzhou 5 Shenzhou 6 Shenzhou 7 Shenzhou 9 Shenzhou 10 Shenzhou 11 Shenzhou 12 Shenzhou 13 Shenzhou 14 Shenzhou 15 Shenzhou 16 Shenzhou 17 Shenzhou 18 (List of Chinese astronauts)
Space laboratories and cargos	Tiangong 1 (2011–2018) Tiangong 2 (2016–2019) Tianzhou 1 (2017) Tianzhou 2 (2021) Tianzhou 3 (2021) Tianzhou 4 (2022) Tianzhou 5 (2022) Tianzhou 6 (2023)
Tiangong space station modules	Tianhe (2021–present) Wentian (2022–present) Mengtian (2022–present)

Navigation

BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)

Telecommunications

Apstar Series (1994–present)
Chinasat Series (1994–present)
Queqiao (2018–present)
Tiandu 1 and 2 (2024–present)
Tianlian I (2008–present)
Tianlian II (2019–present)
Qianfan (2024–present)
Queqiao 2 (2024–present)

Technology
demonstrators

Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft (2020)
FSW Program (1969–2006)
QUESS (2016–present)
Shijian Series (1971–present)
XPNAV 1 (2016–present)

Lanyue Lunar Lander

Future missions marked in italics. Failed missions marked with † sign

Spaceflight lists and timelines

Timeline of spaceflight

General

Human spaceflight

General	Crewed spacecraft timeline by program Spaceflights 1961–1970 1971–1980 1981–1990 1991–2000 2001–2010 2011–2020 2021–present Soviet Russian Vostok and Voskhod Soyuz Mercury Gemini Apollo Skylab Shenzhou Gaganyaan Spacelab Artemis Civilian spaceflight Orbital Suborbital
Salyut	Expeditions Spaceflights crewed uncrewed Spacewalks Visitors
Mir	Expeditions ESA Spaceflights crewed uncrewed Spacewalks Visitors
ISS	Expeditions ESA Visiting Spaceflights crewed uncrewed Spacewalks Visitors Deployed
Tiangong	Expeditions Crewed Spaceflights Spacewalks
Shuttle	Crews Missions Rollbacks
People	Astronauts by name by year of selection Apollo Gemini Mercury Chinese Asian European Cosmonauts women Muslim Arab African American Ibero-America Space scientists Space travelers by name by first flight by nationality billionaires timeline by nationality Spaceflight-related human fatalities
EVA	1965–1999 2000–2014 2015–2024 2025–present Cumulative spacewalk records Longest spacewalks Spacewalkers

Solar System
exploration

Earth-orbiting
satellites

Communications satellite firsts
CubeSats
PocketQube
Earth observation satellites
- Timeline of first Earth observation satellites
Geosynchronous orbit
GOES
GPS
Kosmos
Magnetospheric
NRO
TDRS
USA

Vehicles

Launches
by rocket type

Ariane
Antares
Atlas
Atlas LV3B
Atlas LV3C
Black Brant
Electron
Delta DM-19
Delta 1
Delta II
Delta III
Delta IV Heavy
Delta IV Medium
Delta IV
Falcon 9 and Heavy
- 2010–2019
- 2020–2022
GSLV
H-II and H3
Kosmos
Long March
Minotaur
Proton
PSLV
R-7 (including Semyorka, Molniya, Vostok, Voskhod and Soyuz)
Scout
SLS
Starship
Thor and Delta
Thor-Agena
Thor DM-18 Able
Thor DM-18 Agena-A
Thor DM-18
Thor DM-21 Agena-B
Titan
Tsyklon
V-2 tests
Vega
Vulcan
Zenit

Launches by spaceport

Satish Dhawan

Agencies, companies
and facilities

Other mission lists
and timelines

Rocket families

Carrier rockets

China	Long March 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 11 12 Kuaizhou
Europe / ESA	Ariane Diamant Europa Vega Miura 1 5
India	PSLV GSLV LVM3
Japan	Epsilon H-II / H-IIA / H-IIB Mu
Soviet Union / Russia	Angara Kosmos N1 Proton R-7 Molniya Soyuz Vostok Universal Rocket
Soviet Union / Ukraine	Tsyklon Zenit
United States	Antares Athena Atlas Delta Electron Falcon 1 9 Heavy Jupiter Minotaur Pegasus Saturn Scout Titan Thor
Other nations	Safir Shavit Unha

Sounding rockets

Missiles

Some families include both missiles and carrier rockets; they are listed in both groups.

v t e Orbital launch systems
List of orbital launch systems Comparison of orbital launch systems
Current	Angara 1.2 A5 Ariane 6 Atlas V Ceres 1 1S Chollima-1 Electron Falcon 9 Block 5 Falcon Heavy Firefly Alpha Gravity-1 GSLV H-IIA H3 Hyperbola-1 Jielong 1 3 KAIROS Kaituozhe 2 Kinetica 1 Kuaizhou 1 1A 11 Long March 2C 2D 2F 3A 3B/E 3C 4B 4C 5 5B 6 6A 6C 7 7A 8 11 11H 12 LVM3 Minotaur I IV V C New Glenn Nuri OS-M1 Pegasus XL Proton-M PSLV Qaem 100 Qased Shavit 2 Simorgh SLS Block 1 Soyuz-2 2.1a / STA 2.1b / STB 2-1v SSLV Starship Tianlong-2 Unha Vega C Vulcan Centaur Zhuque 2
In development	Antares 330 Bloostar Cyclone-4M Deca Epsilon S Eris Gravity-2 Hyperbola-2 Irtysh Kuaizhou 21 31 Long March 9 10 Miura 5 MLV Neutron New Line 1 NGLV Nova OS-M 2 4 Orbex Prime Pallas-1 Red Dwarf SLS Block 1B Block 2 Soyuz-7 Terran R Tianlong-3 VLM Vega E Zero Zhuque 3 Zuljanah
Retired	Antares 110 120 130 230 230+ Ariane 1 2 3 4 5 ASLV Athena I II Atlas B D E/F G H I II III LV-3B SLV-3 Able Agena Centaur Black Arrow Conestoga Delta A B C D E G J L M N 0100 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 II III IV IV Heavy Diamant Dnepr Energia Epsilon Europa I II Falcon 1 Falcon 9 v1.0 v1.1 v1.2 "Full Thrust" Feng Bao 1 GSLV Mk I H-I H-II H-IIB Juno I Juno II Kaituozhe-1 Kosmos original 1 2/2I 3 3M Lambda 4S LauncherOne Long March 1 1D 2A 2E 3 3B 4A Mu 4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII V N1 N-I N-II Naro-1 Paektusan Pilot-2 R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original FG L M U U2 Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna Rocket 3 RS1 Safir 1 1A 1B Saturn I IB V Scout X-1 Blue Scout II X-2 X-2M X-3 X-3M X-4 X-2B B A B-1 D-1 A-1 E-1 F-1 G-1 Shavit original 1 SLV Space Shuttle SPARK Sparta SS-520 Start-1 Terran 1 Thor Able Ablestar 1 2 Agena A B D Burner 1 2 Delta DSV-2U Thorad-Agena SLV-2G SLV-2H Titan II GLV IIIA IIIB IIIC IIID IIIE 34D 23G CT-3 IV Tsyklon R-36-O original 2 3 Universal Rocket UR-500 Proton Proton-K Rokot Strela Vanguard Vega original VLS-1 Zenit 2 2M 2FG 3SL 3SLB 3F Zhuque 1
Classes	Sounding rocket Small-lift launch vehicle Medium-lift launch vehicle Heavy-lift launch vehicle Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
This template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future Symbol indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)

Categories:

Revision as of 01:50, 12 May 2023

See also

References