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Thadou language: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 23:49, 5 June 2023 editZo world (talk | contribs)263 edits Thadou is spoken in all north east state except for Arunachal, so please update correct informationTags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit← Previous edit Revision as of 00:05, 6 June 2023 edit undoZo world (talk | contribs)263 edits Thadous has 7 MLAs in Manipur and is spoken in all the districts in Manipur and also in nagaland, Assam and Mizoram , so let’s add factsTags: Mobile edit Mobile web editNext edit →
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| region = ] ] ] ] | region = ] ] ] ]
| ethnicity = ] and ] | ethnicity = ] and ]
| speakers = {{sigfig|346,100|2}} | speakers = {{sigfig|846,100|2}}
| date = 2011–2017 | date = 2011–2020
| ref = e25 | ref = e25
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan | familycolor = Sino-Tibetan
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}} }}
<!-- Deleted image removed: ] --> <!-- Deleted image removed: ] -->
'''Thadou''' or '''Thado Chin''' is a ] language of the ] ] sub-branch. It is spoken by the ] in ] (specifically in ] and ]).<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Mahapatra|first1=Bijaya P.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UhcLAQAAMAAJ&q=number+of+thadou+speaking+states+in+india|title=The Written Languages of the World: A Survey of the Degree and Modes of Use : Book 2, Non-Constitutional Languages|last2=Padmanabha|first2=P.|date=December 1989|publisher=Pr De L'Universite Laval|isbn=978-2-7637-7196-0|page=1311|language=en}}</ref> '''Thadou''' or '''Thado Chin''' is a ] language of the ] ] sub-branch. It is spoken by the ] in ] (specifically in ], ] and ]).<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Mahapatra|first1=Bijaya P.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UhcLAQAAMAAJ&q=number+of+thadou+speaking+states+in+india|title=The Written Languages of the World: A Survey of the Degree and Modes of Use : Book 2, Non-Constitutional Languages|last2=Padmanabha|first2=P.|date=December 1989|publisher=Pr De L'Universite Laval|isbn=978-2-7637-7196-0|page=1311|language=en}}</ref>
The speakers of this language use ] as their ] (L2) according to the ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meitei {{!}} Ethnologue |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mni/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=] |language=en}}</ref> The speakers of this language use ] as their ] (L2) according to the ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meitei {{!}} Ethnologue |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mni/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=] |language=en}}</ref>


The language is known by many names, including '''Thado''', '''Thado-Pao''', '''Thado-Ubiphei''', '''Thādo''', '''Thaadou Kuki''', or just '''Kuki''' or '''Chin'''. The language is known by many names, including '''Thado''', '''Thado-Pao''', '''Thado-Ubiphei''', '''Thādo''', '''Thaadou Kuki''', or just '''Kuki''' or '''Chin'''.

Thadou language is the second most spoken language in Manipur and was given the recognition of second language and main language in the Manipur hills during the British period.


There are several dialects of this language: Hangshing, Khongsai, Kipgen, Saimar, Langiung, Sairang, Thangngeo, Haokip, Sitlhou, Singson (Shingsol).<ref name=e25/> The Saimar dialect was reported in the Indian press in 2012 to be spoken by only four people in one village in the state of ].<ref name="Saimar hindu">{{cite news|url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3650421.ece |title= Just 4 people keep a language alive |newspaper= The Hindu | date= 18 July 2012 |access-date=7 April 2013}}</ref> The variety spoken in ] has partial mutual intelligibility with the other ] varieties of the area including ], ], ], ], ] and ] languages.<ref name=Singh>{{cite journal|last1=Singh|first1=Chungkham Yashawanta|title=The linguistic situation in Manipur|journal=Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area|date=1995|volume=18|issue=1|pages=129–134|url=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/singh1995linguistic.pdf|access-date=19 June 2014}}</ref> There are several dialects of this language: Hangshing, Khongsai, Kipgen, Saimar, Langiung, Sairang, Thangngeo, Haokip, Sitlhou, Singson (Shingsol).<ref name=e25/> The Saimar dialect was reported in the Indian press in 2012 to be spoken by only four people in one village in the state of ].<ref name="Saimar hindu">{{cite news|url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3650421.ece |title= Just 4 people keep a language alive |newspaper= The Hindu | date= 18 July 2012 |access-date=7 April 2013}}</ref> The variety spoken in ] has partial mutual intelligibility with the other ] varieties of the area including ], ], ], ], ] and ] languages.<ref name=Singh>{{cite journal|last1=Singh|first1=Chungkham Yashawanta|title=The linguistic situation in Manipur|journal=Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area|date=1995|volume=18|issue=1|pages=129–134|url=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/singh1995linguistic.pdf|access-date=19 June 2014}}</ref>
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***] (Mikil Hills) ***] (Mikil Hills)
***NC hills (]) ***NC hills (])
**]


==Dialects== ==Dialects==

Revision as of 00:05, 6 June 2023

Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India "Kuki language" redirects here. Not to be confused with Kuki language (Nigeria).

Thadou-Kuki
Thado, Thaadou, Thado-Pao
Thadou
Native toIndia Myanmar
RegionManipur Nagaland Assam Mizoram
EthnicityThadou people and Kuki people
Native speakers850,000 (2011–2020)
Language familySino-Tibetan
Language codes
ISO 639-3tcz
Glottologthad1238
ELPThado Chin

Thadou or Thado Chin is a Sino-Tibetan language of the Northern Kuki-Chin-Mizo sub-branch. It is spoken by the Thadou people in Northeast India (specifically in Manipur, Assam and ]). The speakers of this language use Meitei language as their second language (L2) according to the Ethnologue.

The language is known by many names, including Thado, Thado-Pao, Thado-Ubiphei, Thādo, Thaadou Kuki, or just Kuki or Chin.

Thadou language is the second most spoken language in Manipur and was given the recognition of second language and main language in the Manipur hills during the British period.

There are several dialects of this language: Hangshing, Khongsai, Kipgen, Saimar, Langiung, Sairang, Thangngeo, Haokip, Sitlhou, Singson (Shingsol). The Saimar dialect was reported in the Indian press in 2012 to be spoken by only four people in one village in the state of Tripura. The variety spoken in Manipur has partial mutual intelligibility with the other Mizo-Kuki-Chin languages varieties of the area including Paite, Hmar, Vaiphei, Simte, Kom and Gangte languages.

Geographical distribution

Thadou is spoken in the following locations (Ethnologue).

Dialects

Ethnologue lists the following dialects of Thadou, the names of which mostly correspond to clan names. There is high mutual intelligibility among dialects.

  • Lupho
  • Lupheng
  • Misao
  • Hangsing
  • Chongloi
  • Khongsai
  • Kipgen
  • Langiung
  • Sairang
  • Thangngeo
  • Haokip
  • Sitlhou
  • Touthang
  • Haolai
  • Singson (Shingsol)
  • Hanghal
  • Lhouvum
  • Mate
  • Lhungdim
  • Baite

The Saimar dialect is only spoken by 4 people in one village, which is located in Tripura.

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive voiceless p t k ʔ
aspirated
voiced b d ɡ
Affricate ts
Nasal m n ŋ
Fricative voiceless s x h
voiced v z
lateral ɬ
Approximant w l j
  • /p t k/ are heard unreleased as in word-final position.
  • /ts/ is heard as more apical [ts̺] when occurring before front and central vowels.
  • /x/ can have a cognate of an aspirated velar plosive [] in the dialect spoken in Burma.
  • /ɬ/ can have an allophone of [] in word-medial position.

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid e ə o
Open a

References

  1. ^ Thadou-Kuki at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) [REDACTED]
  2. Mahapatra, Bijaya P.; Padmanabha, P. (December 1989). The Written Languages of the World: A Survey of the Degree and Modes of Use : Book 2, Non-Constitutional Languages. Pr De L'Universite Laval. p. 1311. ISBN 978-2-7637-7196-0.
  3. "Meitei | Ethnologue". Ethnologue. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  4. "Just 4 people keep a language alive". The Hindu. 18 July 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  5. Singh, Chungkham Yashawanta (1995). "The linguistic situation in Manipur" (PDF). Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 18 (1): 129–134. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
  6. "Just 4 people keep a language alive". The Hindu. 18 July 2012.
  7. Haokip, Marykim (2014). Grammar of Thadou-Kuki: A Descriptive Study. New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Further reading

Sino-Tibetan branches
Western Himalayas (Himachal,
Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim)
Greater Magaric
Map of Sino-Tibetan languages
Eastern Himalayas
(Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal)
Myanmar and Indo-
Burmese border
"Naga"
Sal
East and Southeast Asia
Burmo-Qiangic
Dubious (possible
isolates) (Arunachal)
Greater Siangic
Proposed groupings
Proto-languages
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.
Kuki-Chin–Naga languages
Kuki-Chin
Southern Naga
(Northwestern)
Northern
Central
Maraic
Khomic
Southern
Naga
Ao (Central Naga)
Angami–Pochuri
Tangkhulic
Zemeic (Western Naga)
Meitei
Karbic
Languages of Myanmar
Official languages
Semiofficial language
Indigenous languages
(by state or region)
Chin
Kuki-Chin
Northern
Central
Maraic
Southern
Other
Kachin
Sino-Tibetan
Other
Kayah
Kayin
Magway
Mon
Rakhine
Sagaing
Sal
Other
Shan
Austroasiatic
Sino-Tibetan
Kra–Dai
Hmong–Mien
Tanintharyi
Non-Indigenous
Immigrant language
Working language
Sign languages
Languages of Northeast India
Arunachal
Pradesh
Sal
Tani
Other
Assam
Indo-Aryan
Sino-Tibetan
Kuki-Chin
Sal
Tani
Zeme
Other
Kra-Dai
Manipur
Kuki-Chin
Northern
Other
Zeme
Other
Meghalaya
Kuki-Chin
Khasic
Other
Mizoram
Nagaland
Sino-
Tibetan
Angami-
Pochuri
Ao
Sal
Zeme
Other
Other
Sikkim
Tripura
Indo-Aryan
Sino-Tibetan
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