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{{For|town in Syria|Umm Walad}} {{For|town in Syria|Umm Walad}}


An '''''umm walad''''' ({{lang-ar|أم ولد||lit=mother of the child}}) was the title given to a slave-] in the Muslim world after she had born her master a child. She could not be sold, and became automatically free on her master's death.{{sfn|Bowen|1928|p=13}}<ref name="Oxford">{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803110601745 |title=Umm al-Walad |encyclopedia=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam }}</ref> The offspring of an ''umm walad'' were free and considered legitimate children of their father, including full rights of name and inheritance.<ref name="Oxford"/> An '''''umm walad''''' ({{lang-ar|أم ولد||lit=mother of the child}}) was the title given to a slave-] in the Muslim world after she had born her master a child. The selling of them by their owners was endorsed by Muhammad.{{sfn|Gordon|2017|p=312}}


The practice was a common way for slave girls endowed with beauty and intelligence to advance in the court, especially if they gave birth to sons; under the ]s, quite a few of them were raised in rank to queen.<ref name="Oxford" /><ref>{{cite thesis |id={{ProQuest|1027764937}} |last1=Urban |first1=Elizabeth |date=2012 |title=The early Islamic mawālī: A window onto processes of identity construction and social change }}</ref> Few of them had been fortunate enough to be ] (mother of the king). The practice was a common way for slave girls endowed with beauty and intelligence to advance in the court, especially if they gave birth to sons; under the ]s, quite a few of them were raised in rank to queen.<ref name="Oxford" /><ref>{{cite thesis |id={{ProQuest|1027764937}} |last1=Urban |first1=Elizabeth |date=2012 |title=The early Islamic mawālī: A window onto processes of identity construction and social change }}</ref> Few of them had been fortunate enough to be ] (mother of the king).
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==Sources== ==Sources==
*{{Cite book |last=Gordon |first=Matthew |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Concubines_and_Courtesans.html?id=F3QzDwAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description |title=Concubines and Courtesans: Women and Slavery in Islamic History |last2=Hain |first2=Kathryn A. |date=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-062218-3 |language=en}}</ref>
* {{cite book | first = Harold | last = Bowen | title = The Life and Times of ʿAlí Ibn ʿÍsà, 'The Good Vizier' | year = 1928 | location = Cambridge | publisher = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.80474 | oclc = 982525160 }}


] ]

Revision as of 07:14, 6 August 2023

Arabic term for a slave-concubine that mothers a master's child For town in Syria, see Umm Walad.

An umm walad (Template:Lang-ar) was the title given to a slave-concubine in the Muslim world after she had born her master a child. The selling of them by their owners was endorsed by Muhammad.

The practice was a common way for slave girls endowed with beauty and intelligence to advance in the court, especially if they gave birth to sons; under the Caliphates, quite a few of them were raised in rank to queen. Few of them had been fortunate enough to be valide sultan (mother of the king).

If an unmarried slave bore a child and the slave owner did not acknowledge parenthood, then the slave had to face zina charges.

Islamic jurisprudence was complicated, if a male owner failed to provide economic maintenance to female slave or if the owner goes missing, then the situation of female slave could get precarious if a local judge did not rule to free them.

See also

References

  1. Gordon 2017, p. 312. sfn error: no target: CITEREFGordon2017 (help)
  2. Cite error: The named reference Oxford was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. Urban, Elizabeth (2012). The early Islamic mawālī: A window onto processes of identity construction and social change (Thesis). ProQuest 1027764937.
  4. ^ De la Puente, Cristina (2013). "Free fathers, slave mothers and their children: a contribution to the study of family structures in Al-Andalus". Free Fathers, Slave Mothers and Their Children: A Contribution to the Study of Family Structures in Al-Andalus: 27–44.

Sources

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