| Revision as of 09:49, 3 December 2023 editDympies (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users3,423 editsNo edit summary← Previous edit | Revision as of 13:22, 9 December 2023 edit undoDympies (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users3,423 editsNo edit summaryTag: Disambiguation links addedNext edit → | ||
| Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
| Pinging . | Pinging . | ||
| {{reflist-talk}} ] (]) 09:44, 3 December 2023 (UTC) | {{reflist-talk}} ] (]) 09:44, 3 December 2023 (UTC) | ||
| :1761- ] fought between Marathas and Durranis. Mughals vacate Delhi and Rohillas capture the fort. | |||
| :1771- ], Marathas capture Delhi from Rohillas. Mughal puppet installed on throne. | |||
| :1803- ] won by British against Marathas. Mughals now puppets to British. | |||
| :1804- ], Marathas tried to capture Delhi from British but failed. | |||
| :1857- British formally captures Delhi sending the Mughal king to exile. | |||
| :Obviously, a mighty "Mughal Empire" was absent in this entire period? I am not saying that the variant ''Mughal Kingdom'' has been widely used by sources but some sources did use the term and considering the varying size of Mughal dominion throughout its journey, I find this usage to be absolutely justified. Formally, the Mughal rule ended in 1857, but practically they became non-existent after 1761. Thats the reason Britannica chose to prefer "1526-1761" over "1526 to 1857". | |||
| :Apart from the above mentioned sources, there are others too which use the term ''Mughal kingdom''.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Islamic education at Mughal kingdom in India (1526-1857)|author=S Suyanta|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=0&q=mughal+kingdom+&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5#d=gs_qabs&t=1702112615300&u=%23p%3DTC9zoFNff9kJ|year=2016|year=2016|publisher=journal.tarbiyahiainib.ac.id}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Mughal rule in India|quote=The Mughal kingdom was still a comparatively small State, and it was now decided to commence an aggressive policy of expansion.|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4aqU9Zu7mFoC&pg=PA28&dq=The+Mughal+kingdom+was+still+a+comparatively+small+State,+and+it+was+now+decided+to+commence+an+aggressive+policy+of+expansion||page=28|author=Stephen Meredyth Edwardes, Herbert Leonard Offley Garrett|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=8171565514|year=1995}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Culture of encounters: Sanskrit at the Mughal court|quote=Moreover, Jahangir eventually rescinded his harsh order and authorized Jains to move freely once again about the Mughal kingdom.|year=2016|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=30&q=mughal+kingdom+&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5#d=gs_qabs&t=1702117596083&u=%23p%3DmRwIZcL1zn0J|author=Audrey Truschke|publisher=Columbia University Press}}<ref>{{cite book|quote=By 1560, he was ready. That year Akbar dismissed Biram Khan from his service, and shortly thereafter, in what seemed like a ravenous earth hunger, launched a rapid series of conquests which enlarged the Mughal kingdom in India into a vast subcontinental empire.|title=The Mughal World: Life in India's Last Golden Age|page=xi|author=Abraham Eraly|publisher=Penguin Books, India|isbn=0143102621}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=MUGHAL DYNASTY: FROM BABUR TO AURANGZEB|quote=The Mughal kingdom has an everlasting impact on the whole concept of the country. The advent of the sixteenth century marks the beginning of the three new forces in the country which changed the course of her future history.|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=60&q=mughal+kingdom+&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5#d=gs_qabs&t=1702127786068&u=%23p%3D4oIMbYbwJd8J|page=403|author=A Rajalakshmi, A Mthumeenalosini|publisher=journalofnewzealandstudies.com}}</ref> | |||
| {{reflist-talk}} ] (]) 13:22, 9 December 2023 (UTC) | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 13:22, 9 December 2023
 | This is the user sandbox of Dympies. A user sandbox is a subpage of the user's user page. It serves as a testing spot and page development space for the user and is not an encyclopedia article. Create or edit your own sandbox here. Other sandboxes: Main sandbox | Template sandbox Finished writing a draft article? Are you ready to request review of it by an experienced editor for possible inclusion in Misplaced Pages? Submit your draft for review! |
.................................................. ..................................................
..................................................
Adding variant "Mughal Kingdom" to the lead and fixing period in infobox
I propose to make two changes to the article :
- Add the variant "Mughal Kingdom" in the lead line.
- Change the period in infobox from existing "1526-1857" to "1526-1761".
Its not correct to say that "Mughal Empire" lasted till 1857. Infact, for last of its 100 years, it functioned as a puppet in the hands of Afghans, Marathas and British. And 100 years isn't a small period, thats around one-third of the entire period of Mughal rule. The noteworthy point is that mainstream tertiary source like Britannica notes "1526-1761" as the period of Mughal Empire.
I feel that the intro line needs a fix. Its clear that it couldn't continue as an "empire" throughout its journey and it gradually became a kingdom towards its end. The term "Mughal kingdom" has been used by historians. We have Decline of Mughal Kingdom in India by Henry George Keene. Also, the term "kingdom" isn't used only for its last 100 years. In Humayun's period too, it got confined to a small kingdom, as noted by William Wilson Hunter here.
Some important quotations from other sources:
- Page 309 from A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-eighteenth Century by Salma Ahmed Farooqui, Pearson Education India (2011) :
The period of the great Mughals constitutes a glorious era in medieval Indian hisory; but the empire collapsed with dramatic suddenness, within a few decades of Aurangzebs death in 1707 CE.
- Another one from the same page :
The invasions of Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali further weakened the empire. The once glorious Mughal Empire as now reduced to a small area around Delhi.
- Page 751-752 from The Oxford World History of Empire: Volume Two: The History of Empires (2020) by Rajeev Kinra:
The nascent Pashtun-Durrani Empire on India's northwest frontier, the Maratha Confederacy emanating from the western coastal region of India's Deccan Plateau, the brief rise of a state of expatriate Afghans known as Rohillas in the eastern Gangetic Plain, peasant resistance among the Jats in northern and central India, a rise in Sikh militancy in the Punjab, and the practical-if not entirely official-secession of erstwhile Mughal provinces in Hyderabad, Awadh, and Bengal: all contributed, among other factors, to the devolution of Mughal power in the first half of the eighteenth century.
From the above noted points, its clear that the Mughal power became non-existent as an "empire" after 1761. Also, it has been referred as kingdom by authors, sometimes as a synonym of empire and sometimes due to its small size.
Pinging .
References
- "The Mughal Empire, 1526 to 1761". Britannica.
- William Wilson Hunter (1895). A Brief History of the Indian Peoples. p. 134.
His father, Humayun left but a small kingdom in India, not so large as the British province of Punjab: Akbar expanded that small kingdom into an Indian empire.
Dympies (talk) 09:44, 3 December 2023 (UTC)
- 1761- Battle of Panipat, 1761 fought between Marathas and Durranis. Mughals vacate Delhi and Rohillas capture the fort.
- 1771- Capture of Delhi (1771), Marathas capture Delhi from Rohillas. Mughal puppet installed on throne.
- 1803- Battle of Delhi, 1803 won by British against Marathas. Mughals now puppets to British.
- 1804- Siege of Delhi (1804), Marathas tried to capture Delhi from British but failed.
- 1857- British formally captures Delhi sending the Mughal king to exile.
- Obviously, a mighty "Mughal Empire" was absent in this entire period? I am not saying that the variant Mughal Kingdom has been widely used by sources but some sources did use the term and considering the varying size of Mughal dominion throughout its journey, I find this usage to be absolutely justified. Formally, the Mughal rule ended in 1857, but practically they became non-existent after 1761. Thats the reason Britannica chose to prefer "1526-1761" over "1526 to 1857".
- Apart from the above mentioned sources, there are others too which use the term Mughal kingdom.Cite error: A
<ref>tag is missing the closing</ref>(see the help page).
References
- S Suyanta (2016). "Islamic education at Mughal kingdom in India (1526-1857)". journal.tarbiyahiainib.ac.id.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Stephen Meredyth Edwardes, Herbert Leonard Offley Garrett (1995). "Mughal rule in India". Atlantic Publishers & Dist: 28. ISBN 8171565514.
The Mughal kingdom was still a comparatively small State, and it was now decided to commence an aggressive policy of expansion.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help); Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - A Rajalakshmi, A Mthumeenalosini. "MUGHAL DYNASTY: FROM BABUR TO AURANGZEB". journalofnewzealandstudies.com: 403.
The Mughal kingdom has an everlasting impact on the whole concept of the country. The advent of the sixteenth century marks the beginning of the three new forces in the country which changed the course of her future history.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
Dympies (talk) 13:22, 9 December 2023 (UTC)