| Revision as of 02:07, 9 April 2007 editSpylab (talk | contribs)Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers25,139 edits added 2 more references← Previous edit | Revision as of 14:22, 10 April 2007 edit undoLaderov (talk | contribs)21 edits Rendered the first paragraph of history more accurate with referenced material. Internet reference takes precedent over a book reference. Erasing it would be pure vandalism.Next edit → | ||
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The identity of the original skinheads was neither racist nor National Socialist but were against other youth subcultures of the day. The skinheads themselves were working class, patriotic and highly aggressive. Their main targets were long-haired hippies who were often from more priveleged backgrounds. Although many embraced ska and reggae, it was never a pillar of the overall skinhead identity but rather a question of personal taste among skinheads.<ref>www.prejudiceinstitute.org/skinheadsFS.html</ref> The original skinhead scene had mostly died out by 1972, and a late-1970s revival came partly as a backlash against the commercialization of ]; coinciding with the development of the ] and ] genres.<ref>http://2-tone.info</ref><ref>http://www.skinheadnation.co.uk/skinheadclothing.htm</ref><ref>http://www.garry-bushell.co.uk/oi/</ref><ref name="Oi!">{{cite book |last=Marshall |first=George |title=Spirit of '69 - A Skinhead Bible |publisher=S.T. Publishing |date=1991 |location=Dunoon, Scotland |id=ISBN 1-898927-10-3)}}</ref><ref>http://www.garry-bushell.co.uk/oi/index.asp</ref> The skinhead revival in Britain included a sizeable racist, ] faction, involving organizations such as the ], ], ] and ]. Because of their emergence to prevalence in the subculture, the mainstream media began to label the whole skinhead identity as ]. | ||
| The racist subculture eventually spread to North America, Europe and other areas of the world. After the movement spread to the United States, some racist skinheads in that country became involved with groups such as ], ] and the ] (a group that then spread to other countries). According to a 2007 report by the ], groups such as the ], Nazi skinheads and other Nazis have been growing more active in the United States in recent years, with a particular focus on opposing non-white ], specifically from ].<ref>http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/06/national/main2440306.shtml</ref> | The racist subculture eventually spread to North America, Europe and other areas of the world. After the movement spread to the United States, some racist skinheads in that country became involved with groups such as ], ] and the ] (a group that then spread to other countries). According to a 2007 report by the ], groups such as the ], Nazi skinheads and other Nazis have been growing more active in the United States in recent years, with a particular focus on opposing non-white ], specifically from ].<ref>http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/06/national/main2440306.shtml</ref> | ||
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Nazi skinheads are a far right subculture that developed in the United Kingdom around the late 1970s.
Typically racist, anti-Semitic, anti-islamic, white supremacist, anti-gay and neo-Nazi, the subculture emerged at a time when the UK was experiencing a second wave of the punk subculture. Nazi skinheads have a reputation for initiating violent confrontations with non-whites, Muslims, Jews, gays and left-wingers on the street and at political demonstrations. They are sometimes involved in white nationalist political organizations, such as the People's National Party (Russia), the National Democratic Party of Germany, the British Peoples Party and the National Socialist Movement of Denmark.
History
The identity of the original skinheads was neither racist nor National Socialist but were against other youth subcultures of the day. The skinheads themselves were working class, patriotic and highly aggressive. Their main targets were long-haired hippies who were often from more priveleged backgrounds. Although many embraced ska and reggae, it was never a pillar of the overall skinhead identity but rather a question of personal taste among skinheads. The original skinhead scene had mostly died out by 1972, and a late-1970s revival came partly as a backlash against the commercialization of punk rock; coinciding with the development of the 2 Tone and Oi! genres. The skinhead revival in Britain included a sizeable racist, nationalist faction, involving organizations such as the National Front, British Movement, Rock Against Communism and Blood and Honour. Because of their emergence to prevalence in the subculture, the mainstream media began to label the whole skinhead identity as neo-Nazi.
The racist subculture eventually spread to North America, Europe and other areas of the world. After the movement spread to the United States, some racist skinheads in that country became involved with groups such as Church of the Creator, White Aryan Resistance and the Hammerskins (a group that then spread to other countries). According to a 2007 report by the Anti-Defamation League, groups such as the Ku Klux Klan, Nazi skinheads and other Nazis have been growing more active in the United States in recent years, with a particular focus on opposing non-white immigration, specifically from Mexico.
Nazi skinheads have become numerous in formerly communist Eastern European countries, in particular Russia, which is perhaps a reaction to decades of communist totalitarianism. The Russian newspaper Mosnews estimated in 2005 that there were up to 50,000 Nazi skinheads in Russia involved in groups such as the National Bolsheviks and the Patriotic movement. This is almost the same figure as the estimate of up to 70,000 for the rest of the world.
Style and clothing
In contrast to the mod-influenced traditional skinheads, Nazi skinheads tend to wear higher boots, T-shirts instead of button-up shirts, and army trousers or jeans. They usually crop their hair shorter than the 1960s-style skinheads; often to grade 0 length or shaved off completely with a razor. Nazi skinheads generally have more tattoos than traditional skinheads, and these tattoos are usually of explicitly racist content. In contrast to other skinheads, many Nazi skinheads do not wear braces, and some wear chains and rings featuring Nazi or white power emblems. Some Nazi skinheads do not have entirely shaved heads but rather have a punk-style haircut, however these individuals identify themselves as skinheads on account of their racist inclinations. In Germany, the Lonsdale clothing brand has been popular among some Nazi skinheads. This is because the four middle letters of Lonsdale, NSDA, are almost the same as the abbreviation of Adolf Hitler's political party, the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP).
Symbols
1. White Power version of the Celtic cross
2. Odal Rune (Nordic culture)
3. White fist (White Power)
4. Iron cross with Swastika
5. SS
6. Totenkopf
There are also coded symbols, such as the number 88 (for the eighth letter of the alphabet — HH for "Heil Hitler"), and 18 (AH for "Adolf Hitler"). Number 14 is used to symbolise the Fourteen Words; "We must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children".
Films and videogames
Notable bands
- Blue Eyed Devils
- Landser
- Macht und Ehre
- Skrewdriver (originally a non-racist punk rock band)
- Skullhead
Footnotes
- www.prejudiceinstitute.org/skinheadsFS.html
- http://2-tone.info
- http://www.skinheadnation.co.uk/skinheadclothing.htm
- http://www.garry-bushell.co.uk/oi/
- Marshall, George (1991). Spirit of '69 - A Skinhead Bible. Dunoon, Scotland: S.T. Publishing. ISBN 1-898927-10-3).
- http://www.garry-bushell.co.uk/oi/index.asp
- http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/06/national/main2440306.shtml
- http://www.mosnews.com/news/2005/04/18/russianskinheads.shtml
- http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/article352747.ece
Bibliography
- Diamond in the Dust - The Ian Stuart Biography. Blood and Honour England, London 2002.
- Dobratz, Betty A. "White power, white pride!": The white separatist movement in the United States (Twayne Publishers, NY, 1997).
See also
- Hammerskins
- Nazi Punk
- White nationalism
- White Power
- White pride
- White supremacy
- Neo-Fascism
- Neo-Nazism
- Blood and Honour
- Skinhead
- Skrewdriver
- Combat 18
External links
- Article about neo-fascists in Russia
- Nazi skinheads and racist rock
- Russian skinheads most numerous in world
- Extremist movements in Estonia
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