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| ==Events== | == Events == | ||
| === |
=== January–February === | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ] and ] adopt the ] currency.<ref name="vgEan" /><ref name="qxkbC" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – At 19:04:39 ], the uncrewed ] ] is at its closest approach during its first flyby of the planet ].<ref name="45JNK" /> | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| **Stock markets around the world plunge amid growing fears of a ], fueled by the 2007 ].<ref name="UdyTv" /> | **Stock markets around the world plunge amid growing fears of a ], fueled by the 2007 ].<ref name="UdyTv" /> | ||
| **] group ] initiates ], after a ] of ] by the ] is published on ], and the Church of Scientology issued a ]. In response, Anonymous sympathizers took to the streets to ] outside the church (after February 10), while the church's websites and centres were getting ], ], and ].<ref name="sx8F7" /><ref name="vOwe0" /><ref name="phLJJ" /><ref name="waVoL" /><ref name="muTyR" /><ref name="LwGGz" /><ref name="LqoSy" /><ref name="yECdo" />{{Excessive citations inline|date=December 2022}} | **] group ] initiates ], after a ] of ] by the ] is published on ], and the Church of Scientology issued a ]. In response, Anonymous sympathizers took to the streets to ] outside the church (after February 10), while the church's websites and centres were getting ], ], and ]es.<ref name="sx8F7" /><ref name="vOwe0" /><ref name="phLJJ" /><ref name="waVoL" /><ref name="muTyR" /><ref name="LwGGz" /><ref name="LqoSy" /><ref name="yECdo" />{{Excessive citations inline|date=December 2022}} | ||
| <!-- Heath Ledger is already listed under *DEATHS* for this date, do not double list him here under *EVENTS* --> | <!-- Heath Ledger is already listed under *DEATHS* for this date, do not double list him here under *EVENTS* --> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – A peace deal is signed in ], ], ending the ].<ref name="cAfgG" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – Civic mobilizations in ] against ], under the name '']''.<ref name=tiempo>{{cite web |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-3945957 |title=Marcha contra las Farc, mayor movilización en la historia del país |access-date=March 22, 2023 |last= |first= |date=February 4, 2008 |work=El Tiempo |publisher=Casa Editorial El Tiempo |location=Bogotá |language=Spanish |quote= |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322193642/https://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-3945957 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ] formally ] from ], to a mixed response from the international community.<ref name="4ZgIr" /><ref name="bKUR8" /> | ||
| *] – ] releases ] of ] carried out by the ] branch of ] corporation ]; a subsequent ] prompts a ] of the website, but uproar about violations of ] causes WikiLeaks to be brought back online.<ref name="UHHp2" /><ref name="L7ZF1" /> | *] – ] releases ]s of ] carried out by the ] branch of ] corporation ]; a subsequent ] prompts a ] of the website, but uproar about violations of ] causes WikiLeaks to be brought back online.<ref name="UHHp2" /><ref name="L7ZF1" /> | ||
| === |
=== March–April === | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ] and ] ], following a Colombian raid against ] guerrillas inside Ecuadorian territory, in which senior commander ] is killed.<ref name="2V4dj" /><ref name="WUuhE" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ] loses ], for the first time since ], to opposition during the ] but still retains control of government. The coalition also loses ] of five states to the opposition.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}} | ||
| * ] |
* ] – The first ] ], a cargo spacecraft for the ], launches from ] in ].<ref name="zmjBL" /> | ||
| *] |
*] – An ] release of a ] called the ] is the ] event ever recorded in the ].<ref name="09YRh" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ] holds its ] following the adoption of a new ] which changed the country from an ] to a multiparty democracy.<ref name="a339d" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ] and ] forces ] the rebel-held island of ], returning the island to Comorian control.<ref name="zp1Ze" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – '']'' is released worldwide, selling over 3.6 million units and earning $310 million during the first day, becoming not only the highest grossing video game release of all-time, but also the highest grossing entertainment product release ever.<ref>{{Cite web |author=I. G. N. Staff |date=2008-05-13 |title=Grand Theft Auto IV Breaks Guinness World Records with Biggest Entertainment Release of All-Time |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/05/13/grand-theft-auto-iv-breaks-guinness-world-records-with-biggest-entertainment-release-of-all-time |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=IGN |language=en}}</ref> | ||
| === |
=== May–June === | ||
| * ] |
* ] – '']'' is released in theaters, starting the ]. | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ] passes through ], killing more than 138,000 people.<ref name="n1gHV" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – An earthquake measuring 7.9 on the ] ], killing an estimated 87,000 people.<ref name="qTiUB" /> | ||
| * ]–] – The ] takes place in ], ], and is won by ] entrant ] with the song "]". | * ]–] – The ] takes place in ], ], and is won by ] entrant ] with the song "]". | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| Line 50: | Line 50: | ||
| ** The ], an intergovernmental organization between states in ], is founded.<ref name="ammdU" /> | ** The ], an intergovernmental organization between states in ], is founded.<ref name="ammdU" /> | ||
| ** The ] awards ] to ] and ] to ], ending a 29-year ] between the two countries.<ref name="xu7ho" /> | ** The ] awards ] to ] and ] to ], ending a 29-year ] between the two countries.<ref name="xu7ho" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ]'s uncrewed ] spacecraft becomes the first to land on the northern polar region of ].<ref name="Gltzt" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – The ] votes overwhelmingly in favor of abolishing the country's ], turning the country into a republic.<ref name="VCANV" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – International ] is adopted in Dublin.<ref name="cluster" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ]–] – ] and ] jointly host the ] football tournament, which is won by ]. | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| ** The ] is launched.<ref name="PDVLU" /> | ** The ] is launched.<ref name="PDVLU" /> | ||
| ** Canadian Prime Minister ] formally apologizes, on behalf of the Canadian government, to the country's ] for the ].<ref name="oFlGQ" /> | ** Canadian Prime Minister ] formally apologizes, on behalf of the Canadian government, to the country's ] for the ].<ref name="oFlGQ" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ] opens in ], Spain, lasting to September 14, with the topic "Water and sustainable development".<ref name="jPCeD" /> | ||
| * ] – A ] in ], ], kills 12 and injures more than 400. | * ] – A ] in ], ], kills 12 and injures more than 400. | ||
| === |
=== July–August === | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ] and 14 other hostages are ] from ] rebels by ]n security forces.<ref name="rQFjN" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ] suspends all trips to ]'s ] after a 53-year-old South Korean tourist is shot and killed by a North Korean sentry.<ref name="bbc march 2010" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ], the first president of the ], is arrested in ], ], on allegations of war crimes, following a 12-year-long ].<ref name="7KMHp" /> | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| ** India and United States sign the historic ]. | ** India and United States sign the historic ]. | ||
| ** Eleven mountaineers from international expeditions die on ], the second-highest mountain on Earth, in the ] in the history of K2 mountaineering. | ** Eleven mountaineers from international expeditions die on ], the second-highest mountain on Earth, in the ] in the history of K2 mountaineering. | ||
| * ] |
* ] – President ] of ] is deposed in a ].<ref name="nuVDF" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ] intervenes against Russian-backed separatists in its ] and ] regions, causing ] to invade Georgia and spark the ], the first major European land war of the 21st century. | ||
| * ] |
* ]–] – The ] take place in ], China.<ref name="zc8qK" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ] crashes at ], killing 154 people on board. | ||
| === |
=== September–October === | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ] becomes the first female ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gg.gov.au/biography-honourable-dame-quentin-bryce-ad-cvo| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819144932/https://www.gg.gov.au/biography-honourable-dame-quentin-bryce-ad-cvo| archive-date=2021-08-19|title=Biography – The Honourable Dame Quentin Bryce AD CVO|website=The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia|access-date=August 19, 2021}}</ref> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – The ] is circulated for the first time in the ], the ] ], located at ], near ], under the Franco-Swiss border.<ref name="JdQh8" /><ref name="1tfei" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – Stocks fall sharply Monday on a triptych of Wall Street woe: ]' bankruptcy filing, ]'s acquisition by ], and ]'s unprecedented request for short-term financing from the ].<ref name="VxePx" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – A ] destroys the ] in ], ], killing at least 54 and injuring 266.<ref name="mk4OZ" /><ref name="XWUWx" /><ref name="3fIg2" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ] ] becomes the world's first privately developed ] to successfully ].<ref name="bUbIg" /><ref name="mJgTp" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ]: ] ] signs the revised ] into law, creating a ] to purchase failing bank ]s.<ref name="Associated Press-Raum-2008-10-03" /> | ||
| *] |
*] – A controversial ] tape regarding a ] ] causes the ], sparking ]s which cause ] to ].<ref name="s5fxV" /><ref name="4KSLa" /><ref name="1X31j" /><ref name="1xnhk" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – The ] (LHC) is officially ] at ].<ref name="lgOCn" /><ref name="exux6" /><ref name="j2gWy" /><ref name="tnapI" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – The ] successfully launches the ] spacecraft on a ] mission.<ref name="1wmbS" /><ref name="hLQzh" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ] affected in ] and ] and lasted 5 days causing flooding in many ] and ]. | ||
| * October | * October | ||
| ** The ] on-line local exchange trading system (LETS) website is officially launched in Switzerland.<ref>{{cite news|last=Monnier|first=Philippe D.|title=Le troc remis au goût du jour|url=http://www.pme.ch/de/artikelanzeige/artikelanzeige.asp?pkBerichtNr=177504|accessdate=17 January 2012|newspaper=PME Magazine|date=February 27, 2009}}{{ |
** The ] on-line local exchange trading system (LETS) website is officially launched in Switzerland.<ref>{{cite news|last=Monnier|first=Philippe D.|title=Le troc remis au goût du jour|url=http://www.pme.ch/de/artikelanzeige/artikelanzeige.asp?pkBerichtNr=177504|accessdate=17 January 2012|newspaper=PME Magazine|date=February 27, 2009}}{{dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | ||
| === |
=== November–December === | ||
| *] |
*] – ] publishes "]: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System".<ref name="uHmQu" /> | ||
| *] |
*] – In a race won by ]ian driver ], ] ] ends in 5th place in ] and becomes the first ] driver to win the ] World Championship, and the second youngest driver to achieve the feat at the age of 23. | ||
| *] |
*] – ]: ] U.S. Senator ] defeats ] candidate ] and is elected the 44th ], making him the first ] to be elected to the office.<ref name="4bO8c" /><ref name="ES3XU" /><ref name="os5oq" /> | ||
| *] |
*] – Claudia Castillo of Spain becomes the first person to have a successful ] ] using a ] ].<ref name="aVL5l" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – The ] falls in ]. Reported to be 5 times brighter than the full moon and is seen in Alberta, Manitoba, and even North Dakota. | ||
| * ] |
* ]–] – Members of ] carry out four days of coordinated bombing and shooting ] across ], killing 164 people.<ref name="Mumbai" /> | ||
| * ] – ]. An ] due to be redelivered to ] stalls and crashes over ] resulting the deaths of 7 | * ] – ]. An ] due to be redelivered to ] stalls and crashes over ] resulting the deaths of 7 | ||
| *] |
*] – The ] of ], a British ], holds its ] under a new constitutional arrangement, becoming the last European territory to abolish ].<ref name="jGiwP" /> | ||
| *] |
*] – ] is arrested for ] after he was turned in by his sons for operating the largest ] in history, later known as the ]. | ||
| *] |
*] – The ] finds ] and two other senior Rwandan army officers guilty of ], ] and ]s and sentences them to ] for their role in the ].<ref name="o0EEh" /> | ||
| * ] |
* ] – An ash dike ] at a solid waste containment area for a ] ] in ], releasing {{convert|1.1|e9USgal|e6m3|order=flip|abbr=unit}} of ] ] in the largest industrial spill in U.S. history.<ref name=natgeo19>{{cite news |last=Bourne |first=Joel K. |date=February 19, 2019 |title=Coal's other dark side: Toxic ash that can poison water, destroy life and toxify people |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/02/coal-other-dark-side-toxic-ash |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219140212/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/02/coal-other-dark-side-toxic-ash/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 19, 2019 |work=National Geographic |access-date=2020-05-22}}</ref> | ||
| *] |
*] – A ] deposes the government of ] shortly after the death of longtime ] ].<ref name="S5uh2" /> | ||
| *] |
*] – Israel ] the ], in response to rockets being fired into Israeli territory by ], and due to weapons being smuggled into the area.<ref name="47sj5" /><ref name="xKVxz" /><ref name="guardian.co.uk" /> | ||
| *] |
*] – An extra ] (23:59:60) is added to end the year. The last time this occurred was in ]. | ||
| ===Date unknown=== | === Date unknown === | ||
| *] is founded.<ref>{{cite web |last1=MESSNARZ |first1=Richard |last2=and |first2=others |title=The Architecture of the ECQA – European Certification and Qualification Association |url=https://www.etcaats.eu/resources/2_chapter1-part2-eu-certificates-architecture-v3a.pdf?i=etcaats |website=ETCAATS |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=May 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524160301/https://www.etcaats.eu/resources/2_chapter1-part2-eu-certificates-architecture-v3a.pdf?i=etcaats |url-status=live }}</ref> | *] is founded.<ref>{{cite web |last1=MESSNARZ |first1=Richard |last2=and |first2=others |title=The Architecture of the ECQA – European Certification and Qualification Association |url=https://www.etcaats.eu/resources/2_chapter1-part2-eu-certificates-architecture-v3a.pdf?i=etcaats |website=ETCAATS |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=May 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524160301/https://www.etcaats.eu/resources/2_chapter1-part2-eu-certificates-architecture-v3a.pdf?i=etcaats |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
| *], a disaster management fund is established by the ].<ref name="Diaspora">{{cite web |url= http://jamaicandiaspora.gov.jm/diaspora/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=14&Itemid=28&limit=5&limitstart=5 |title= US-Based Jamaicans Urged to Support National Disaster Recovery Fund |publisher= The Jamaican Diaspora |date= September 2008 |accessdate= April 17, 2009 |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110722070709/http://jamaicandiaspora.gov.jm/diaspora/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=14&Itemid=28&limit=5&limitstart=5 |archivedate= July 22, 2011 }}</ref> | *], a disaster management fund is established by the ].<ref name="Diaspora">{{cite web |url= http://jamaicandiaspora.gov.jm/diaspora/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=14&Itemid=28&limit=5&limitstart=5 |title= US-Based Jamaicans Urged to Support National Disaster Recovery Fund |publisher= The Jamaican Diaspora |date= September 2008 |accessdate= April 17, 2009 |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110722070709/http://jamaicandiaspora.gov.jm/diaspora/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=14&Itemid=28&limit=5&limitstart=5 |archivedate= July 22, 2011 }}</ref> | ||
| ==Births and deaths== | == Births and deaths == | ||
| {{Main|Category:2008 births|Deaths in 2008}} | {{Main|Category:2008 births|Deaths in 2008}} | ||
| ==Nobel Prizes== | == Nobel Prizes == | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ], ], and ] | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ] | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ] | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ] | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ], ], and ] | ||
| * ] |
* ] – ], ], and ] | ||
| ==New English words== | == New English words == | ||
| {{cmn|colwidth=20em| | {{cmn|colwidth=20em| | ||
| *'']'' | *'']'' | ||
| Line 140: | Line 140: | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| ==See also== | == See also == | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| ==References== | == References == | ||
| {{reflist|1=30em|refs= | {{reflist|1=30em|refs= | ||
| <ref name="cluster">{{Cite web |title=6. Convention on Cluster Munitions |url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/MTDSG/Volume%20II/Chapter%20XXVI/XXVI-6.en.pdf |website=United Nations Treaty Collection |access-date=December 21, 2023 |language=EN |archive-date=November 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121060029/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/MTDSG/Volume%20II/Chapter%20XXVI/XXVI-6.en.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> | <ref name="cluster">{{Cite web |title=6. Convention on Cluster Munitions |url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/MTDSG/Volume%20II/Chapter%20XXVI/XXVI-6.en.pdf |website=United Nations Treaty Collection |access-date=December 21, 2023 |language=EN |archive-date=November 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121060029/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/MTDSG/Volume%20II/Chapter%20XXVI/XXVI-6.en.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
| Line 168: | Line 168: | ||
| | author = Rory McCarthy in Jerusalem | | author = Rory McCarthy in Jerusalem | ||
| | url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/sep/16/israel-rejects-war-crimes-gaza | | url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/sep/16/israel-rejects-war-crimes-gaza | ||
| | title = Israel rejects war crimes findings of UN Gaza inquiry |
| title = Israel rejects war crimes findings of UN Gaza inquiry – World news | ||
| | work = The Guardian | | work = The Guardian | ||
| | date = September 16, 2009 | | date = September 16, 2009 | ||
| Line 209: | Line 209: | ||
| | url-status = live | | url-status = live | ||
| }}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
| <ref name="sx8F7">{{Cite web|date=2011-05-10|title=Hackers Declare War on Scientology |
<ref name="sx8F7">{{Cite web|date=2011-05-10|title=Hackers Declare War on Scientology – Science News {{!}} Science & Technology {{!}} Technology News – FOXNews.com|website=]|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,325586,00.html|access-date=2021-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510074500/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,325586,00.html|archive-date=May 10, 2011}}</ref> | ||
| <ref name="vOwe0">{{Cite web | <ref name="vOwe0">{{Cite web | ||
| | date = 2008-03-23 | | date = 2008-03-23 | ||
| Line 220: | Line 220: | ||
| <ref name="phLJJ">{{Cite web | <ref name="phLJJ">{{Cite web | ||
| | date = 2012-09-21 | | date = 2012-09-21 | ||
| | title |
| title="Anonymous" threatens to "dismantle" Church of Scientology via intern… | ||
| | url = http://apcmag.com/anonymous_threatens_to_dismantle_church_of_scientology_via_internet.htm | | url = http://apcmag.com/anonymous_threatens_to_dismantle_church_of_scientology_via_internet.htm | ||
| | archive-url = https://archive.today/20120921005702/http://apcmag.com/anonymous_threatens_to_dismantle_church_of_scientology_via_internet.htm | | archive-url = https://archive.today/20120921005702/http://apcmag.com/anonymous_threatens_to_dismantle_church_of_scientology_via_internet.htm | ||
| Line 228: | Line 228: | ||
| | website = archive.ph | | website = archive.ph | ||
| }}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
| <ref name="waVoL">{{Cite web|date=2008-08-21|title=Hacker Group Declares War On Scientology |
<ref name="waVoL">{{Cite web|date=2008-08-21|title=Hacker Group Declares War On Scientology – News Story – KNBC {{!}} Los Angeles|url=http://www.knbc.com/news/15132759/detail.html|access-date=2021-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821132355/http://www.knbc.com/news/15132759/detail.html|archive-date=August 21, 2008}}</ref> | ||
| <ref name="muTyR">{{Cite news | <ref name="muTyR">{{Cite news | ||
| | last = MAR | | last = MAR | ||
| Line 247: | Line 247: | ||
| | url = https://www.wired.com/2008/01/anonymous-attac/ | | url = https://www.wired.com/2008/01/anonymous-attac/ | ||
| | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211014/https://www.wired.com/2008/01/anonymous-attac/ | | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211014/https://www.wired.com/2008/01/anonymous-attac/ | ||
| | archive-date=2021-10-14 |
| archive-date=2021-10-14 | ||
| | access-date = 2021-03-12 | | access-date = 2021-03-12 | ||
| | issn = 1059-1028 | | issn = 1059-1028 | ||
| Line 254: | Line 254: | ||
| <ref name="yECdo">{{Cite web | <ref name="yECdo">{{Cite web | ||
| | date = 2008-03-28 | | date = 2008-03-28 | ||
| | title = Group Lines Road To Protest Church Of Scientology |
| title = Group Lines Road To Protest Church Of Scientology – Orlando News Story – WKMG Orlando | ||
| | url = http://www.local6.com/news/15205679/detail.html | | url = http://www.local6.com/news/15205679/detail.html | ||
| | access-date = 2021-03-12 | | access-date = 2021-03-12 | ||
| Line 297: | Line 297: | ||
| | url = https://www.wired.com/2008/02/cayman-island-b/ | | url = https://www.wired.com/2008/02/cayman-island-b/ | ||
| | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211014/https://www.wired.com/2008/02/cayman-island-b/ | | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211014/https://www.wired.com/2008/02/cayman-island-b/ | ||
| | archive-date=2021-10-14 |
| archive-date=2021-10-14 | ||
| | access-date = 2021-03-09 | | access-date = 2021-03-09 | ||
| | issn = 1059-1028 | | issn = 1059-1028 | ||
| Line 310: | Line 310: | ||
| | url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-baer-idUSN2927431720080229 | | url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-baer-idUSN2927431720080229 | ||
| | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211014/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-baer-idUSN2927431720080229 | | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211014/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-baer-idUSN2927431720080229 | ||
| | archive-date=2021-10-14 |
| archive-date=2021-10-14 | ||
| | access-date = 2021-03-09 | | access-date = 2021-03-09 | ||
| }}{{cbignore}}</ref> | }}{{cbignore}}</ref> | ||
| Line 354: | Line 354: | ||
| | access-date = August 28, 2017 | | access-date = August 28, 2017 | ||
| | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130802052604/http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn13520 | | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130802052604/http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn13520 | ||
| | archive-date = August 2, 2013 |
| archive-date = August 2, 2013 | ||
| | url-status = live | | url-status = live | ||
| }}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
| Line 502: | Line 502: | ||
| | work = The New York Times | | work = The New York Times | ||
| | access-date = July 8, 2011 | | access-date = July 8, 2011 | ||
| }}{{cbignore}} {{ |
}}{{cbignore}} {{dead link|date=August 2010|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}</ref> | ||
| <ref name="XWUWx">{{Cite news | <ref name="XWUWx">{{Cite news | ||
| | url = http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/09/20/pakistan.islamabad.marriott.blast/ | | url = http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/09/20/pakistan.islamabad.marriott.blast/ | ||
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| | url = https://www.bloomberg.com/politics | | url = https://www.bloomberg.com/politics | ||
| | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211014/https://www.bloomberg.com/politics | | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211014/https://www.bloomberg.com/politics | ||
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| | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211014/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7658360.stm | | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211014/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7658360.stm | ||
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| | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211014/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7664803.stm | | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211014/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7664803.stm | ||
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| * at Internet Accuracy Project | * at Internet Accuracy Project | ||
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2008 (MMVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2008th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 8th year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 9th year of the 2000s decade.
Calendar year2008 was designated as:
- International Year of Languages
- International Year of Planet Earth
- International Year of the Potato
- International Year of Sanitation
The Great Recession, a worldwide recession which began in 2007, continued through the entirety of 2008.
Events
January–February
- January 1 – Cyprus and Malta adopt the euro currency.
- January 14 – At 19:04:39 UTC, the uncrewed MESSENGER space probe is at its closest approach during its first flyby of the planet Mercury.
- January 21
- Stock markets around the world plunge amid growing fears of a U.S. Great Recession, fueled by the 2007 subprime mortgage crisis.
- Online activist group Anonymous initiates Project Chanology, after a leaked interview of Tom Cruise by the Church of Scientology is published on YouTube, and the Church of Scientology issued a "copyright infringement" claim. In response, Anonymous sympathizers took to the streets to protest outside the church (after February 10), while the church's websites and centres were getting DoS attacks, phone line nukes, and black faxes.
- January 24 – A peace deal is signed in Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo, ending the Kivu conflict.
- February 4 – Civic mobilizations in Colombia against FARC, under the name One million voices against FARC.
- February 17 – Kosovo formally declares independence from Serbia, to a mixed response from the international community.
- February 18 – WikiLeaks releases allegations of illegal activities carried out by the Cayman Islands branch of Swiss banking corporation Julius Baer; a subsequent lawsuit against WikiLeaks prompts a temporary suspension of the website, but uproar about violations of freedom of speech causes WikiLeaks to be brought back online.
March–April
- March 2 – Venezuela and Ecuador move troops to the Colombian border, following a Colombian raid against FARC guerrillas inside Ecuadorian territory, in which senior commander Raúl Reyes is killed.
- March 8 – Barisan Nasional loses two-thirds majority, for the first time since 1969, to opposition during the 2008 Malaysian general election but still retains control of government. The coalition also loses majority control of five states to the opposition.
- March 9 – The first European Space Agency Automated Transfer Vehicle, a cargo spacecraft for the International Space Station, launches from Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana.
- March 19 – An Energy release of a Gamma-ray burst called the GRB 080319B is the brightest event ever recorded in the Universe.
- March 24 – Bhutan holds its first-ever general elections following the adoption of a new Constitution which changed the country from an absolute monarchy to a multiparty democracy.
- March 25 – African Union and Comoros forces invade the rebel-held island of Anjouan, returning the island to Comorian control.
- April 29 – Grand Theft Auto IV is released worldwide, selling over 3.6 million units and earning $310 million during the first day, becoming not only the highest grossing video game release of all-time, but also the highest grossing entertainment product release ever.
May–June
- May 2 – Iron Man is released in theaters, starting the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
- May 3 – Cyclone Nargis passes through Myanmar, killing more than 138,000 people.
- May 12 – An earthquake measuring 7.9 on the moment magnitude scale strikes Sichuan, China, killing an estimated 87,000 people.
- May 20–24 – The Eurovision Song Contest 2008 takes place in Belgrade, Serbia, and is won by Russian entrant Dima Bilan with the song "Believe".
- May 21
- Manchester United wins their third European Cup and second Champions League after they beat Chelsea in the first all-English final in the history of the competition. Manchester United won the match 6–5 on penalties, following a 1–1 draw after extra time.
- The Union of South American Nations, an intergovernmental organization between states in South America, is founded.
- The International Court of Justice awards Middle Rocks to Malaysia and Pedra Branca to Singapore, ending a 29-year territorial dispute between the two countries.
- May 25 – NASA's uncrewed Phoenix spacecraft becomes the first to land on the northern polar region of Mars.
- May 28 – The Legislature Parliament of Nepal votes overwhelmingly in favor of abolishing the country's 240-year-old monarchy, turning the country into a republic.
- May 30 – International Convention on Cluster Munitions is adopted in Dublin.
- June 7–29 – Austria and Switzerland jointly host the UEFA Euro 2008 football tournament, which is won by Spain.
- June 11
- The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is launched.
- Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper formally apologizes, on behalf of the Canadian government, to the country's First Nations for the Canadian Indian residential school system.
- June 14 – Expo 2008 opens in Zaragoza, Spain, lasting to September 14, with the topic "Water and sustainable development".
- June 14 – A 6.9 magnitude earthquake in Iwate Prefecture, Japan, kills 12 and injures more than 400.
July–August
- July 2 – Íngrid Betancourt and 14 other hostages are rescued from FARC rebels by Colombian security forces.
- July 11 – South Korea suspends all trips to North Korea's Mount Kumgang after a 53-year-old South Korean tourist is shot and killed by a North Korean sentry.
- July 21 – Radovan Karadžić, the first president of the Republika Srpska, is arrested in Belgrade, Serbia, on allegations of war crimes, following a 12-year-long manhunt.
- August 1
- India and United States sign the historic Civil Nuclear deal.
- Eleven mountaineers from international expeditions die on K2, the second-highest mountain on Earth, in the worst single accident in the history of K2 mountaineering.
- August 6 – President Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi of Mauritania is deposed in a military coup d'état.
- August 7 – Georgia intervenes against Russian-backed separatists in its South-Ossetia and Abkhazia regions, causing Russia to invade Georgia and spark the Russo-Georgian war, the first major European land war of the 21st century.
- August 8–24 – The 2008 Summer Olympics take place in Beijing, China.
- August 20 – Spanair Flight 5022 crashes at Madrid–Barajas Airport, killing 154 people on board.
September–October
- September 5 – Quentin Bryce becomes the first female Governor-General of Australia.
- September 10 – The proton beam is circulated for the first time in the Large Hadron Collider, the world's largest and highest-energy particle accelerator, located at CERN, near Geneva, under the Franco-Swiss border.
- September 15 – Stocks fall sharply Monday on a triptych of Wall Street woe: Lehman Brothers' bankruptcy filing, Merrill Lynch's acquisition by Bank of America, and AIG's unprecedented request for short-term financing from the Federal Reserve.
- September 20 – A suicide truck bomb explosion destroys the Marriott Hotel in Islamabad, Pakistan, killing at least 54 and injuring 266.
- September 28 – SpaceX Falcon 1 becomes the world's first privately developed space launch vehicle to successfully make orbit.
- October 3 – Global financial crisis: U.S. President George W. Bush signs the revised Emergency Economic Stabilization Act into law, creating a 700 billion dollar Treasury fund to purchase failing bank assets.
- October 6 – A controversial Peruvian tape regarding a Norwegian oil company causes the 2008 Peru oil scandal, sparking protests which cause Jorge de Castillo to resign from office.
- October 21 – The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is officially inaugurated at Geneva.
- October 22 – The Indian Space Research Organisation successfully launches the Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft on a lunar exploration mission.
- October 30 – Floods affected in Northern Vietnam and Central Vietnam and lasted 5 days causing flooding in many provinces and cities.
- October
- The Easyswap on-line local exchange trading system (LETS) website is officially launched in Switzerland.
November–December
- November 1 – Satoshi Nakamoto publishes "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System".
- November 2 – In a race won by Brazilian driver Felipe Massa, British driver Lewis Hamilton ends in 5th place in 2008 Brazilian Grand Prix and becomes the first black driver to win the Formula One World Championship, and the second youngest driver to achieve the feat at the age of 23.
- November 4 – 2008 United States presidential election: Democratic U.S. Senator Barack Obama defeats Republican candidate John McCain and is elected the 44th President of the United States, making him the first African-American to be elected to the office.
- November 19 – Claudia Castillo of Spain becomes the first person to have a successful trachea transplant using a tissue-engineered organ.
- November 20 – The Buzzard Coulee meteorite falls in Saskatchewan. Reported to be 5 times brighter than the full moon and is seen in Alberta, Manitoba, and even North Dakota.
- November 26–29 – Members of Lashkar-e-Taiba carry out four days of coordinated bombing and shooting attacks across Mumbai, killing 164 people.
- November 27 – XL Airways Germany Flight 888T. An Airbus A320 due to be redelivered to Air New Zealand stalls and crashes over Mediterranean Sea resulting the deaths of 7
- December 10 – The Channel Island of Sark, a British Crown dependency, holds its first fully democratic elections under a new constitutional arrangement, becoming the last European territory to abolish feudalism.
- December 11 – Bernard Madoff is arrested for securities fraud after he was turned in by his sons for operating the largest Ponzi scheme in history, later known as the Madoff investment scandal.
- December 18 – The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda finds Théoneste Bagosora and two other senior Rwandan army officers guilty of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes and sentences them to life imprisonment for their role in the Rwandan genocide.
- December 22 – An ash dike ruptured at a solid waste containment area for a Tennessee Valley Authority coal-fired power plant in Roane County, Tennessee, releasing 4.2 million m (1.1 billion US gal) of coal fly ash slurry in the largest industrial spill in U.S. history.
- December 23 – A military coup d'état deposes the government of Guinea shortly after the death of longtime President Lansana Conté.
- December 27 – Israel invades the Gaza Strip, in response to rockets being fired into Israeli territory by Hamas, and due to weapons being smuggled into the area.
- December 31 – An extra leap second (23:59:60) is added to end the year. The last time this occurred was in 2005.
Date unknown
- European Certification and Qualification Association is founded.
- National Disaster Recovery Fund, a disaster management fund is established by the Government of Jamaica.
Births and deaths
Main pages: Category:2008 births and Deaths in 2008Nobel Prizes
- Chemistry – Martin Chalfie, Osamu Shimomura, and Roger Y. Tsien
- Economics – Paul Krugman
- Literature – J. M. G. Le Clézio
- Peace – Martti Ahtisaari
- Physics – Makoto Kobayashi, Toshihide Maskawa, and Yoichiro Nambu
- Physiology or Medicine – Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Harald zur Hausen, and Luc Montagnier
New English words
- @
- adorbs
- anti-vaxxer
- Bitcoin
- burner phone
- cytokine storm syndrome
- exome
- fatberg
- fat-shamer
- ghost pepper
- hate-watch
- infinity scarf
- mansplain
- Me Too
- photobomb
- stick and poke
- TERF
- unfollow
See also
References
- "General Assembly Proclaims 2008 International Year of Languages, in Effort to Promote Unity in Diversity, Global Understanding". United Nations. Archived from the original on November 1, 2008. Retrieved November 2, 2008.
- Cyprus and Malta set to join eurozone in 2008 Archived January 30, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, EurActiv
- Akrotiri and Dhekelia adopt the euro, EUbusiness (ISO 4217 code: VEF). Archived July 6, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- "Mercury Flyby 1". Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. Archived from the original on May 16, 2008. Retrieved January 12, 2008.
- Landler, Mark; Timmons, Heather (January 21, 2008). "Stocks Plunge Worldwide on Fears of a U.S. Recession". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 11, 2008. Retrieved November 21, 2008.
- "Hackers Declare War on Scientology – Science News | Science & Technology | Technology News – FOXNews.com". Fox News. May 10, 2011. Archived from the original on May 10, 2011. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
- "From The Magazine : Radar Online : Scientology is under attack from a faceless cabal of online activists. Has America's most controversial religion finally met its match?". March 23, 2008. Archived from the original on March 23, 2008. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
- ""Anonymous" threatens to "dismantle" Church of Scientology via intern…". archive.ph. September 21, 2012. Archived from the original on September 21, 2012. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
- "Hacker Group Declares War On Scientology – News Story – KNBC | Los Angeles". August 21, 2008. Archived from the original on August 21, 2008. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
- MAR. "Online group declares war on Scientology". National Post. ISSN 1486-8008. Archived from the original on January 28, 2008. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
- "War Breaks Out Between Hackers and Scientology -- There Can Be Only One". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Archived from the original on October 14, 2021. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
- "Anonymous Versus Scientology: Cyber Criminals or Vigilante Justice? | The Legality". July 5, 2008. Archived from the original on July 5, 2008. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
- "Group Lines Road To Protest Church Of Scientology – Orlando News Story – WKMG Orlando". March 28, 2008. Archived from the original on March 28, 2008. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
- "Eastern Congo peace deal signed". BBC. January 23, 2008. Archived from the original on December 17, 2008. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
- "Marcha contra las Farc, mayor movilización en la historia del país". El Tiempo (in Spanish). Bogotá: Casa Editorial El Tiempo. February 4, 2008. Archived from the original on March 22, 2023. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
- "BU.S., Europeans at Security Council Back Kosovo's Independence". Bloomberg L.P. February 17, 2008. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved November 5, 2008.
- "Il Kosovo proclama l'indipendenza Serbia: "Non lo riconosceremo mai"". repubblica.it (in Italian). February 17, 2008. Archived from the original on July 4, 2018. Retrieved July 4, 2018.
- "Cayman Islands Bank Gets Wikileaks Taken Offline in U.S. -- Updated with Links". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Archived from the original on October 14, 2021. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- Gollner, Philipp (February 29, 2008). "Judge reverses ruling in Julius Baer leak case". Reuters. Archived from the original on October 14, 2021. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- James, Ian (March 3, 2008). "Venezuela, Ecuador sending troops to border with Colombia after rebel leader killed". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on March 10, 2008. Retrieved March 15, 2009.
- Goodman, Joshua (March 1, 2008). "Colombian Rebel Leader Raul Reyes Killed By Army, Minister Says". Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on March 12, 2010. Retrieved March 15, 2009.
- "Europe launches its first resupply ship to the ISS". European Space Agency. March 9, 2008. Archived from the original on April 30, 2009. Retrieved March 15, 2009.
- Schilling, Govert (March 21, 2008). "Universe's most powerful blast visible to the naked eye". New Scientist. Archived from the original on August 2, 2013. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
- Sengupta, Somini (March 25, 2008). "Heavy Turnout in First Bhutan Election". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 1, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- "'Deadly clashes' in the Comoros". BBC News. March 18, 2008. Archived from the original on March 19, 2008. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
- I. G. N. Staff (May 13, 2008). "Grand Theft Auto IV Breaks Guinness World Records with Biggest Entertainment Release of All-Time". IGN. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- "Cameron urges aid drops for Burma". BBC News. May 12, 2008. Archived from the original on December 28, 2016. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
- "Sichuan 2008: A disaster on an immense scale". BBC News. May 9, 2013. Archived from the original on April 29, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- "South America nations found union". BBC News. May 23, 2008. Archived from the original on January 23, 2017. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
- Koh, Tommy (June 10, 2015). "The Asian way to settle disputes". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on January 16, 2017. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- "Phoenix Mars Mission". Archived from the original on February 28, 2008.
- "Nepal votes to abolish monarchy". BBC News. May 28, 2008. Archived from the original on January 7, 2017. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
- "6. Convention on Cluster Munitions" (PDF). United Nations Treaty Collection. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 21, 2022. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
- MSFC, Jennifer Wall (May 21, 2015). "What Is the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope?". NASA. Archived from the original on October 25, 2016. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- "Harper apologizes for residential school abuse". CTV. June 11, 2008. Archived from the original on July 9, 2008. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- "Spain's Expo 2008 on world water opens". Reuters. June 14, 2017. Archived from the original on August 8, 2017. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- Kraul, Chris (July 4, 2008). "The ultimate fake-out". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived from the original on January 16, 2017. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- "North Korea issues warning over Mount Kumgang tour ban". BBC News. March 25, 2010. Archived from the original on October 14, 2021.
- "Serbia captures fugitive Karadzic". BBC News. July 22, 2008. Archived from the original on September 22, 2008. Retrieved January 1, 2010.
- "Troops stage coup in Mauritania". BBC News. August 6, 2008. Archived from the original on August 7, 2008. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
- "Beijing 2008 – It's a wrap". The Boston Globe. August 25, 2008. Archived from the original on August 27, 2008. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
- "Biography – The Honourable Dame Quentin Bryce AD CVO". The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
- "First beam in the LHC – accelerating science". Archived from the original on November 12, 2016. Retrieved November 20, 2016.
- "Large Hadron Collider fired up in 'God particle' hunt". CNN. September 10, 2008. Archived from the original on August 1, 2009. Retrieved April 14, 2010.
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- "At Least 40 Killed in Huge Explosion at Pakistan Hotel". The New York Times. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
- "Deadly blast targets Marriott Hotel in Islamabad". CNN. September 21, 2008. Archived from the original on April 23, 2009. Retrieved April 14, 2010.
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- "Space Exploration Technologies Corporation – Falcon 1 Flight 4". Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
- "Falcon rocket success for SpaceX". BBC News. September 29, 2008. Archived from the original on September 29, 2009. Retrieved January 1, 2010.
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- "Oil contract scandal shakes Peru". October 7, 2008. Archived from the original on October 14, 2021. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
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- "India launches first Moon mission". BBC News. October 22, 2008. Archived from the original on October 22, 2008. Retrieved October 22, 2008.
- "Chandrayaan-1". Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
- Monnier, Philippe D. (February 27, 2009). "Le troc remis au goût du jour". PME Magazine. Retrieved January 17, 2012.
- Matonis, Jon (March 13, 2010). "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System". The Monetary Future. Archived from the original on December 31, 2022. Retrieved December 31, 2022.
- Nagourney, Adam (November 4, 2008). "Obama Elected President as Racial Barrier Falls". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 9, 2008. Retrieved November 5, 2008.
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- Roberts, Michelle (November 19, 2008). "Windpipe transplant breakthrough". BBC News. Archived from the original on January 15, 2010. Retrieved January 1, 2010.
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- "Sark Election: the candidates". BBC Guernsey. December 9, 2008. Archived from the original on December 12, 2008. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
- "Trio found guilty of Rwandan genocide". CNN. December 18, 2008. Archived from the original on December 19, 2008. Retrieved December 18, 2008.
- Bourne, Joel K. (February 19, 2019). "Coal's other dark side: Toxic ash that can poison water, destroy life and toxify people". National Geographic. Archived from the original on February 19, 2019. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
- "Coup fear as Guinea president dies". CNN. December 24, 2008. Archived from the original on December 24, 2008. Retrieved December 24, 2008.
- Prusher, Ilene R. (January 13, 2009). "Hamas remains defiant despite pounding". Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on February 20, 2009. Retrieved June 5, 2010.
- "Report: Israel set to launch 'limited operation' in Gaza". Christian Science Monitor. December 26, 2008. ISSN 0882-7729. Archived from the original on August 5, 2011. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
- Rory McCarthy in Jerusalem (September 16, 2009). "Israel rejects war crimes findings of UN Gaza inquiry – World news". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on January 18, 2017. Retrieved May 8, 2010.
- MESSNARZ, Richard; and, others. "The Architecture of the ECQA – European Certification and Qualification Association" (PDF). ETCAATS. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2022.
- "US-Based Jamaicans Urged to Support National Disaster Recovery Fund". The Jamaican Diaspora. September 2008. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved April 17, 2009.
- "Time Traveler by Merriam-Webster: Words from 2008". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on May 7, 2018. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
External links
- 2008 Calendar at Internet Accuracy Project
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