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| {{Infobox clothing type|name=Kashabiya قشابية|image_file=سكان آريس.jpg|image_size=|caption=Men wearing the qashabiya|type=|material=] and ]|location=]|manufacturer=|url=}}The '''qashabiya''' ({{Lang-ar|القشابية}}) is a traditional ] winter garment originating from ]. It features a hood and differs from the ] by the presence of sleeves and a closure. Thicker and wider than the ] ({{Lang|ar|الجلابة}}), it is made of camel wool. It allows its wearer to brave the wind and precipitation of winter. | {{Infobox clothing type|name=Kashabiya قشابية|image_file=سكان آريس.jpg|image_size=|caption=Men wearing the qashabiya|type=|material=] and ]|location=]|manufacturer=|url=}}The '''qashabiya''' ({{Lang-ar|القشابية}}) is a traditional ]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gaïd |first=Mouloud |url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=tAxyAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Kachabia%22+mouloud+gaid+berbere+dans+l'histoire&dq=%22Kachabia%22+mouloud+gaid+berbere+dans+l'histoire&hl=fr&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjg0NPq--yIAxW5RaQEHf3yOiYQ6AF6BAgOEAM#%22Kachabia%22%20mouloud%20gaid%20berbere%20dans%20l'histoire |title=Les Berbers dans l'histoire: Les Ibadites |date=1990 |publisher=Editions Mimouni |isbn=978-9961-68-051-3 |pages=97 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=D. Gagić |first=Marko |year=2022 |title=The Challenges of the Moroccan Society — Muhammed Zefzaf’s “Drought” and Morocco Today |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/volume.php?pt=journals&issue=kkonline-2022-13-13&i=3 |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=doi.fil.bg.ac.rs |page=6 |doi=10.18485/kkonline.2022.13.13.3}}</ref> winter garment originating from ]. It features a hood and differs from the ] by the presence of sleeves and a closure. Thicker and wider than the ] ({{Lang|ar|الجلابة}}), it is made of camel wool. It allows its wearer to brave the wind and precipitation of winter. | ||
| It also holds significant importance in the Algerian ], as it, along with the burnous, represents the attire of the ] during the ]. It also has the reputation of being Algeria's national attire. | It also holds significant importance in the Algerian ], as it, along with the burnous, represents the attire of the ] during the ]. It also has the reputation of being Algeria's national attire. | ||
| == Etymology == | == Etymology == | ||
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| These regions form a cultural and ethnic continuum based on an Arab and ] society whose primary activity remains pastoralism and camel breeding.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |access-date=2024-01-21 |author1=M. El Moujabber |author2=H. Belhouchette |author3=M. Belkhodja |author4=P. Kalaïtzis |author5=R. Cosentino |author6=W. Occhialini |title=Research and innovation as tools for sustainable agriculture, food and nutrition security : extended abstracts and papers |url=https://www.cjoint.com/c/NAvpqFqfUvJ |website=www.cjoint.com}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> The geographic space of the Qashabiya corresponds to that of the arid and dry plateaus of the ] where winters and nights are harsh. It is a region mainly inhabited by Arab tribes, the Sehari, ], ], Rahman, and 'Umur, renowned for their expertise in camel domestication and the exploitation of their ]. | These regions form a cultural and ethnic continuum based on an Arab and ] society whose primary activity remains pastoralism and camel breeding.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |access-date=2024-01-21 |author1=M. El Moujabber |author2=H. Belhouchette |author3=M. Belkhodja |author4=P. Kalaïtzis |author5=R. Cosentino |author6=W. Occhialini |title=Research and innovation as tools for sustainable agriculture, food and nutrition security : extended abstracts and papers |url=https://www.cjoint.com/c/NAvpqFqfUvJ |website=www.cjoint.com}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> The geographic space of the Qashabiya corresponds to that of the arid and dry plateaus of the ] where winters and nights are harsh. It is a region mainly inhabited by Arab tribes, the Sehari, ], ], Rahman, and 'Umur, renowned for their expertise in camel domestication and the exploitation of their ]. | ||
| To speak of the qashabiya is to raise the question of the place of the camel in ] culture. Indeed, camel wool, called al-Wabr (الوبر) in Arabic, occupies a central place in Algerian craftsmanship inherited from the country's Bedouin traditions. | To speak of the qashabiya is to raise the question of the place of the camel in ] culture. Indeed, camel wool, called al-Wabr (الوبر) in Arabic, occupies a central place in Algerian craftsmanship inherited from the country's Bedouin traditions. But today, this weaving know-how has become fragile as a result of technical changes due to developments in emerging social, economic and political trends.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Meguellati-Kanoun |first=Amel |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315851655-3/potential-loss-traditional-know-qashabiya-production-djelfa-algeria-amel-meguellati-kanoun-malika-abdelali-martini-mohamed-kanoun-abdelmadjid-benmebarek-mohamed-benidir |title=The potential loss of traditional know-how of qashabiya production in Djelfa, Algeria |last2=Abdelali-Martini |first2=Malika |last3=Kanoun |first3=Mohamed |last4=Benmebarek |first4=Abdelmadjid |last5=Benidir |first5=Mohamed |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |isbn=9781315851655 |edition=1st |language=en}}</ref> | ||
| The use of al-Wabr by Arabs to protect themselves from the cold is ancient and varied. It is found in most male attire of the ] and rural ]. Names of cities and places such as 'Ain Al-Ibl (Djelfa) or 'Ain Al-Nagah (Biskra) testify to the importance of the camel in the cultural landscape of the Algerian High Plateaus. This wool is harvested by nomads during shearing and is used for the manufacture of burnouses, tents, qashabiya, and other clothing. Sheep wool (as-Sawf) is sometimes added to this hair in the qashabiya manufacturing process.<ref name=":0" /> | The use of al-Wabr by Arabs to protect themselves from the cold is ancient and varied. It is found in most male attire of the ] and rural ]. Names of cities and places such as 'Ain Al-Ibl (Djelfa) or 'Ain Al-Nagah (Biskra) testify to the importance of the camel in the cultural landscape of the Algerian High Plateaus. This wool is harvested by nomads during shearing and is used for the manufacture of burnouses, tents, qashabiya, and other clothing. Sheep wool (as-Sawf) is sometimes added to this hair in the qashabiya manufacturing process.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
Revision as of 23:38, 1 October 2024
 Men wearing the qashabiya | |
| Material | Camel hair and wool |
|---|---|
| Place of origin | Algeria |
The qashabiya (Template:Lang-ar) is a traditional Berber winter garment originating from Algeria. It features a hood and differs from the burnous by the presence of sleeves and a closure. Thicker and wider than the Djellaba (الجلابة), it is made of camel wool. It allows its wearer to brave the wind and precipitation of winter.
It also holds significant importance in the Algerian collective memory, as it, along with the burnous, represents the attire of the chuhada during the Algerian War of National Liberation. It also has the reputation of being Algeria's national attire.
Etymology
Arabic dictionaries list several definitions and etymologies for the term qashabiya, although they all agree in designating a garment but differ in its characteristics.
According to Georges Séraphin Colin, the arab term "qeššabiya" used in central and eastern Algeria is a deformation of the Latin gausapa, a term that would have been preserved in the form of gosaba in the Adrar, where it refers to a shirt.
Origin
The Qashabiya, a characteristic garment symbol of the High Plateaus of Algeria, is mainly crafted in the heart of Djelfa and its surroundings. It can also be found in the eastern regions of Morocco, the Aurès, Tunisia, and even as far as Tripolitania.
These regions form a cultural and ethnic continuum based on an Arab and Bedouin society whose primary activity remains pastoralism and camel breeding. The geographic space of the Qashabiya corresponds to that of the arid and dry plateaus of the Saharan Atlas where winters and nights are harsh. It is a region mainly inhabited by Arab tribes, the Sehari, Hamyan, Ouled Nail, Rahman, and 'Umur, renowned for their expertise in camel domestication and the exploitation of their wool.
To speak of the qashabiya is to raise the question of the place of the camel in North African culture. Indeed, camel wool, called al-Wabr (الوبر) in Arabic, occupies a central place in Algerian craftsmanship inherited from the country's Bedouin traditions. But today, this weaving know-how has become fragile as a result of technical changes due to developments in emerging social, economic and political trends.
The use of al-Wabr by Arabs to protect themselves from the cold is ancient and varied. It is found in most male attire of the Mashreq and rural Maghreb. Names of cities and places such as 'Ain Al-Ibl (Djelfa) or 'Ain Al-Nagah (Biskra) testify to the importance of the camel in the cultural landscape of the Algerian High Plateaus. This wool is harvested by nomads during shearing and is used for the manufacture of burnouses, tents, qashabiya, and other clothing. Sheep wool (as-Sawf) is sometimes added to this hair in the qashabiya manufacturing process.
Fabrication
The know-how and crafting of the qashabiya are mainly feminine. Even today, it is the Bedouin woman who is in charge of all stages of production. This ranges from scouring the wool (ashm) to weaving (sadwah).
See also
References
- Gaïd, Mouloud (1990). Les Berbers dans l'histoire: Les Ibadites (in French). Editions Mimouni. p. 97. ISBN 978-9961-68-051-3.
- D. Gagić, Marko (2022). "The Challenges of the Moroccan Society — Muhammed Zefzaf's "Drought" and Morocco Today". doi.fil.bg.ac.rs. p. 6. doi:10.18485/kkonline.2022.13.13.3. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
- E. B (1995-11-01). "Djellaba". Encyclopédie berbère (in French) (16): 2425–2427. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2181. ISSN 1015-7344. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
- ^ M. El Moujabber; H. Belhouchette; M. Belkhodja; P. Kalaïtzis; R. Cosentino; W. Occhialini. "Research and innovation as tools for sustainable agriculture, food and nutrition security : extended abstracts and papers". www.cjoint.com. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
- Meguellati-Kanoun, Amel; Abdelali-Martini, Malika; Kanoun, Mohamed; Benmebarek, Abdelmadjid; Benidir, Mohamed (2013). The potential loss of traditional know-how of qashabiya production in Djelfa, Algeria (1st ed.). Routledge. ISBN 9781315851655.
- Meguellati-Kanoun, Amel; Abdelali-Martini, Malika; Kanoun, Mohamed; Benmebarek, Abdelmadjid; Benidir, Mohamed (2013-12-17). "The potential loss of traditional know-how of qashabiya production in Djelfa, Algeria". In Malika Abdelali-Martini; Aden Aw-Hassan (eds.). Gender Research in Natural Resource Management: Building Capacities in the Middle East and North Africa. Routledge. pp. 37–55. ISBN 978-1-317-91634-5.
- Benmebarek, Abdelmadjid; Larbi Cherfaoui, Mohamed; Ouazane, H.; Abdelali-Martini, Maliki; Meguellati-Kanoun, Amel; Kanoun, Mohamed; Fodil, Souhila (2013-12-17). "Gender and Marketing of qashabiya in Djelfa (Algeria)". In Malika Abdelali-Martini; Aden Aw-Hassan (eds.). Gender Research in Natural Resource Management: Building Capacities in the Middle East and North Africa. Routledge. pp. 56–73. ISBN 978-1-317-91634-5.
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