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{{Short description|Region in Punjab, Pakistan}} {{Short description|Subregion of the Bar region in Punjab, Pakistan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Punjabis}} {{Punjabis}}
'''Kirana Bar''' or '''Gondal Bar'''(also spelt '''Karana'''; {{langx|pa|کرانہ بار}}) is the section of the ] in western Punjab located between the rivers ] and ].<ref name=Dawn>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1112454 |title=Punjab Notes: Bar: forgotten glory of Punjab|newspaper=]|first=Mushtaq |last=Soofi|date=13 June 2014|access-date=26 May 2023}}</ref> It comprises the central and southern parts of ], and corresponds to the present-day ], ] and ] districts.
]
⚫ Kirana Bar is named after ], a mountain range present in the region. It is also known as '''Gondal Bar''', after the Punjabi clan of ] who held the tract in the 18th century.<ref name=Ahsan>{{Cite book |last=Ahsan |first=Aitzaz|author-link=Aitzaz Ahsan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DSauCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT149 |title=The Indus Saga |date=2005|publisher=Roli Books|isbn=978-93-5194-073-9 |language=en|pages=149–150}}</ref>


'''Kirana Bar''' ({{transl|pa|Kɪrāṇā Bār}}; ]: {{nq|کرانہ بار}} <span style="font-size: 100%;">(])</span>; {{IPA-pa|kɪɾɑːnɑː bɑːɾ}}) or '''Gondal Bar''' ({{transl|pa|Gōndal Bār}}; ]: {{nq|گوندل بار}} <span style="font-size: 100%;">(])</span>; {{IPA-pa|ɡəndəl bɑːɾ}}) is a subregion of the '''Bar region''' in Punjab, Pakistan, located between the ] and the ].
The founding father of the bar was ] who was a first generation direct descendant of the House of Gondal. Since the Gondal families were ] (at the time of British rule), the first born son of the ] was given the title ].


== Etymology ==
The lands of the Kirana Bár to the east and south of the hills are of superb quality for agriculture.<ref name=Youlin/> After slight showers of rain, the whole land is carpeted with grass. Better rain crops are grown here than in the ]. To the west of Kirana and westwards until the villages near the Jhelum river are reached, the bar soil deteriorates, and more and more ''kallar'' (water logging) is found. The Kirana bár is demarcated from the 'Utar' (North) by the same fall or slope as the Sandal Bar. Generally, this ledge forms the boundary between the villages and the Government waste grounds. But few villages possess lands beyond the high bank, or 'Nakka' as it is called. The flora of this Bár is much the same as that of the Sándal.<ref name=Youlin>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youlinmagazine.com/article/hafizabad-romance-of-rice/MTk2Mg==|title=Hafizabad: Romance of Rice|website=Youlin Magazine|author=Haroon Shuaib|date=19 March 2021|access-date=26 May 2023}}</ref>
⚫ The region is named after the '''Kirana Hills''', a small mountain range located in the area.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Punjab Government |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.105607/page/n15/mode/1up?q=bar |title=Gazetteer Of The Jhang District |date=1883 |pages=3}}</ref> It is also known as '''Gondal Bar''', after the ] Jat clan, who held significant influence over the region in the 18th century.<ref name=Ahsan>{{Cite book |last=Ahsan |first=Aitzaz |author-link=Aitzaz Ahsan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DSauCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT149 |title=The Indus Saga |date=2005 |publisher=Roli Books |isbn=978-93-5194-073-9 |language=en |pages=149–150}}</ref>

== Geography and Agriculture ==
]

Kirana Bar comprises the central and southern parts of the ] and includes the present-day districts of ], ], and the southern parts of ]. Additionally, it extends to the western parts of ], such as ], and some areas in ].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Punjab Government |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.105607/page/n15/mode/1up?q=bar |title=Gazetteer of the Jhang District |date=1883 |pages=3}}</ref>

The fertile lands of Kirana Bar are ideal for agriculture, particularly after the introduction of canal irrigation.<ref name=Dawn>{{cite news |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1112454 |title=Punjab Notes: Bar: forgotten glory of Punjab |newspaper=] |first=Mushtaq |last=Soofi |date=13 June 2014 |access-date=26 May 2023}}</ref> Even slight rainfall transforms the area into a verdant carpet of grass. The region produces superior crops compared to other parts of Punjab, especially in areas like the ]. Moving westward towards the Jhelum River, however, the soil quality declines due to increasing salinity (''kallar'').<ref name=Youlin>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youlinmagazine.com/article/hafizabad-romance-of-rice/MTk2Mg== |title=Hafizabad: Romance of Rice |website=Youlin Magazine |author=Haroon Shuaib |date=19 March 2021 |access-date=26 May 2023}}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]

Revision as of 01:35, 24 November 2024

Subregion of the Bar region in Punjab, Pakistan

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Kirana Bar (Kɪrāṇā Bār; Punjabi: کرانہ بار (Shahmukhi); Template:IPA-pa) or Gondal Bar (Gōndal Bār; Punjabi: گوندل بار (Shahmukhi); Template:IPA-pa) is a subregion of the Bar region in Punjab, Pakistan, located between the Jhelum River and the Chenab River.

Etymology

The region is named after the Kirana Hills, a small mountain range located in the area. It is also known as Gondal Bar, after the Gondal Jat clan, who held significant influence over the region in the 18th century.

Geography and Agriculture

Map showing the Bar region of Punjab and its subregions in Punjab, Pakistan.

Kirana Bar comprises the central and southern parts of the Chaj Doab and includes the present-day districts of Mandi Bahauddin, Sargodha, and the southern parts of Gujrat. Additionally, it extends to the western parts of Chiniot, such as Lalian, and some areas in Jhang District.

The fertile lands of Kirana Bar are ideal for agriculture, particularly after the introduction of canal irrigation. Even slight rainfall transforms the area into a verdant carpet of grass. The region produces superior crops compared to other parts of Punjab, especially in areas like the Sandal Bar. Moving westward towards the Jhelum River, however, the soil quality declines due to increasing salinity (kallar).

See also

References

  1. Punjab Government (1883). Gazetteer Of The Jhang District. p. 3.
  2. Ahsan, Aitzaz (2005). The Indus Saga. Roli Books. pp. 149–150. ISBN 978-93-5194-073-9.
  3. Punjab Government (1883). Gazetteer of the Jhang District. p. 3.
  4. Soofi, Mushtaq (13 June 2014). "Punjab Notes: Bar: forgotten glory of Punjab". Dawn. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  5. Haroon Shuaib (19 March 2021). "Hafizabad: Romance of Rice". Youlin Magazine. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
Punjab geography


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