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{{Short description|Loosely organized, anonymous criminal groups}} |
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{{Short description|Loosely organized, anonymous criminal groups}} |
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Tokuryū (特流) is a term coined by Japan's ] to describe a new and growing form of loosely ] that have emerged as an alternative to traditional ] organizations. The term combines the Japanese words tokumei (匿名, "anonymous") and ryūdo (流動, "fluid"), reflecting the groups' lack of hierarchical structures and their ability to operate anonymously and flexibly.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/10/tokuryu-japan-criminals-yakuza-ntwnfb</ref> |
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'''Tokuryū''' (特流) is a term coined by Japan's ] to describe a new and growing form of loosely ] that have emerged as an alternative to traditional ] organizations. The term combines the Japanese words tokumei (匿名, "anonymous") and ryūdo (流動, "fluid"), reflecting the groups' lack of hierarchical structures and their ability to operate anonymously and flexibly.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/10/tokuryu-japan-criminals-yakuza-ntwnfb</ref> |
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These groups have gained prominence in recent years as legislative crackdowns on the yakuza have disrupted Japan’s historically structured organized crime networks. Unlike the yakuza, which follow strict codes of conduct and maintain hierarchical organizations, tokuryū are decentralized and rely heavily on digital communication to recruit members and coordinate operations.<ref>https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/05/06/japan/crime-legal/tokuryu-explainer/</ref> |
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These groups have gained prominence in recent years as legislative crackdowns on the yakuza have disrupted Japan’s historically structured organized crime networks. Unlike the yakuza, which follow strict codes of conduct and maintain hierarchical organizations, tokuryū are decentralized and rely heavily on digital communication to recruit members and coordinate operations.<ref>https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/05/06/japan/crime-legal/tokuryu-explainer/</ref> |
These groups have gained prominence in recent years as legislative crackdowns on the yakuza have disrupted Japan’s historically structured organized crime networks. Unlike the yakuza, which follow strict codes of conduct and maintain hierarchical organizations, tokuryū are decentralized and rely heavily on digital communication to recruit members and coordinate operations.
