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| '''''Tonnante''''' was a {{sclass|Dévastation|ironclad floating battery|0}} ] ] of the ] that served during the 19th century. The ''Dévastation'' class were designed in response to the needs of the ]. The ships were armed with sixteen 50-pounder {{cvt|194|mm|1}}guns and protected by ] that was {{cvt|110|mm|in|0}} thick. They were underpowered and able to attain less than {{convert|4|kn|0}} in service. ] in 1855, ''Tonnante'' was towed to the battlefield by ] {{ship|French frigate|Darien|1842|2}} and participated in the ], shelling a Russian fortress on the ]. Despite taking 55 hits from the defenders' guns, the ship only suffered with nine injured |
'''''Tonnante''''' was a {{sclass|Dévastation|ironclad floating battery|0}} ] ] of the ] that served during the 19th century. The ''Dévastation'' class were designed in response to the needs of the ]. The ships were armed with sixteen 50-pounder {{cvt|194|mm|1}}guns and protected by ] that was {{cvt|110|mm|in|0}} thick. They were underpowered and able to attain less than {{convert|4|kn|0}} in service. ] in 1855, ''Tonnante'' was towed to the battlefield by ] {{ship|French frigate|Darien|1842|2}} and participated in the ], shelling a Russian fortress on the ]. Despite taking 55 hits from the defenders' guns, the ship only suffered with nine sailors injured. The fortress surrendered and the action encouraged the development of ironclads in navies across the world. Subsequently, the warship served in a siege flotilla in the ] in 1859, where the presence of the ships proved sufficient to deter the ] from taking part in the conflict. ''Tonnante'' was ] from 1872. | ||
| ==Design and development== | ==Design and development== | ||
| ''Tonnante'' displaced {{convert|1575|MT|LT|lk=on}} and {{convert|1668|MT|LT|lk=on}} at ]. The vessel had an ] of {{convert|52.35|m|ftin|abbr=on}}and a length of {{convert|51.05|m|ftin|abbr=on}} ]. ] was equal to {{convert|13.14|m|ftin|abbr=on}} and, while mean ] was {{convert|2.54|m|ft|abbr=on}},{{sfn|Caruana|Koehler|1996|page=416}} draft was {{convert|2.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} forward and {{convert|2.8|m|ft|abbr=on}} ].{{sfn|Roberts|2021|page=88}} | ''Tonnante'' displaced {{convert|1575|MT|LT|lk=on}} and {{convert|1668|MT|LT|lk=on}} at ]. The vessel had an ] of {{convert|52.35|m|ftin|abbr=on}}and a length of {{convert|51.05|m|ftin|abbr=on}} ]. ] was equal to {{convert|13.14|m|ftin|abbr=on}} and, while mean ] was {{convert|2.54|m|ft|abbr=on}},{{sfn|Caruana|Koehler|1996|page=416}} draft was {{convert|2.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} forward and {{convert|2.8|m|ft|abbr=on}} ].{{sfn|Roberts|2021|page=88}} The vessel was powered by a single high-pressure ] with direct ]s. The engine had two cylinders, each measuring {{convert|0.6|m|ftin|abbr=on}} in bore and in stroke. It drove a single ]. Steam was provided by six ]s that took their water feed from the sea The engine was rated at {{convert|430|ihp|lk=on}} at 120 rpm. The ship carried {{convert|100|t}} coal and was originally equipped with three masts that were rigged with square sails on the main and mizzen masts.{{sfn|Roberts|2021|page=88}} Total sail area equalled {{cvt|885|m2}}. The ship was rated at {{convert|4|kn|0}}.{{sfn|Roche|2005|page=440}} The ''Dévastation'' class were designed to reach {{convert|6|kn|0}}. However, in service they could only attain between {{convert|3.2|kn|0}} and {{convert|3.795|kn|0}}.{{sfn|Caruana|Koehler|1996|page=416}} The ships proved underpowered and frequently had to rely on other vessels to tow them to their station.{{sfn|Roberts|2021|page=87}} | ||
| ''Tonnante'' was struck on 31 August 1871 and transferred to Toulon to be ] between 1872 and 1874.{{sfn|Roberts|2021|page=88}} | ''Tonnante'' was struck on 31 August 1871 and transferred to Toulon to be ] between 1872 and 1874.{{sfn|Roberts|2021|page=88}} | ||
Revision as of 18:34, 31 December 2024
Tonnante was a Dévastation-class ironclad floating battery of the French Navy that served during the 19th century. The Dévastation class were designed in response to the needs of the Crimea War. The ships were armed with sixteen 50-pounder 194 mm (7.6 in)guns and protected by armor belt that was 110 mm (4 in) thick. They were underpowered and able to attain less than 4 knots (7 km/h; 5 mph) in service. Launched in 1855, Tonnante was towed to the battlefield by paddle frigate Darien and participated in the Battle of Kinburn, shelling a Russian fortress on the Kinburn Spit. Despite taking 55 hits from the defenders' guns, the ship only suffered with nine sailors injured. The fortress surrendered and the action encouraged the development of ironclads in navies across the world. Subsequently, the warship served in a siege flotilla in the Second Italian War of Independence in 1859, where the presence of the ships proved sufficient to deter the Austro-Hungarian Navy from taking part in the conflict. Tonnante was broken up from 1872.
Design and development
Tonnante displaced 1,575 metric tons (1,550 long tons) and 1,668 metric tons (1,642 long tons) at full load. The vessel had an overall length of 52.35 m (171 ft 9 in)and a length of 51.05 m (167 ft 6 in) between perpendiculars. Beam was equal to 13.14 m (43 ft 1 in) and, while mean draft was 2.54 m (8.3 ft), draft was 2.5 m (8.2 ft) forward and 2.8 m (9.2 ft) aft. The vessel was powered by a single high-pressure steam engine with direct connecting rods. The engine had two cylinders, each measuring 0.6 m (2 ft 0 in) in bore and in stroke. It drove a single propeller shaft. Steam was provided by six locomotive boilers that took their water feed from the sea The engine was rated at 430 indicated horsepower (320 kW) at 120 rpm. The ship carried 100 tonnes (98 long tons; 110 short tons) coal and was originally equipped with three masts that were rigged with square sails on the main and mizzen masts. Total sail area equalled 885 m (9,530 sq ft). The ship was rated at 4 knots (7 km/h; 5 mph). The Dévastation class were designed to reach 6 knots (11 km/h; 7 mph). However, in service they could only attain between 3.2 knots (6 km/h; 4 mph) and 3.795 knots (7 km/h; 4 mph). The ships proved underpowered and frequently had to rely on other vessels to tow them to their station.
Tonnante was struck on 31 August 1871 and transferred to Toulon to be broken up between 1872 and 1874.
References
Citations
- ^ Caruana & Koehler 1996, p. 416.
- ^ Roberts 2021, p. 88.
- Roche 2005, p. 440.
- Roberts 2021, p. 87.
Bibliography
- Caruana, J.; Koehler, R. B. (1996). "Question 7/95: French Ironclad Floating Batteries". Warship International. XXXIII (4). Toledo, Ohio: International Naval Research Organization: 416–418. ISSN 0043-0374.
- Hamilton, C. I. (1993). Anglo-French Naval Rivalry, 1840–1870. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19820-261-5.
- Martin, Frederick (1871). Martin, Frederick (ed.). The Statesman's Yearbook: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World. London: Macmillan and Co. doi:10.1057/9780230253001. ISBN 978-0-230-25300-1. OCLC 609404898.
- Roberts, Stephen (2021). French Warships in the Age of Steam 1859–1914. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5267-4533-0.
- Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours 1, 1671-1870 (in French). Toulon: Roche. ISBN 978-2-9525917-0-6. OCLC 165892922.
- Sondhaus, Lawrence (2004). Navies in Modern World History. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-202-7.
- Sondhaus, Lawrence (2012). Naval Warfare, 1815-1914. London: Taylor and Francis. ISBN 978-1-13460-994-9.
- Very, Edward W. (July 1883). "The Development of Armor for Naval Use". The Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute. IX (3): 349–583.